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Bussalleu A, Hoek G, Kloog I, Probst-Hensch N, Röösli M, de Hoogh K. Modelling Europe-wide fine resolution daily ambient temperature for 2003-2020 using machine learning. Sci Total Environ 2024; 928:172454. [PMID: 38636867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
To improve our understanding of the health impacts of high and low temperatures, epidemiological studies require spatiotemporally resolved ambient temperature (Ta) surfaces. Exposure assessment over various European cities for multi-cohort studies requires high resolution and harmonized exposures over larger spatiotemporal extents. Our aim was to develop daily mean, minimum and maximum ambient temperature surfaces with a 1 × 1 km resolution for Europe for the 2003-2020 period. We used a two-stage random forest modelling approach. Random forest was used to (1) impute missing satellite derived Land Surface Temperature (LST) using vegetation and weather variables and to (2) use the gap-filled LST together with land use and meteorological variables to model spatial and temporal variation in Ta measured at weather stations. To assess performance, we validated these models using random and block validation. In addition to global performance, and to assess model stability, we reported model performance at a higher granularity (local). Globally, our models explained on average more than 81 % and 93 % of the variability in the block validation sets for LST and Ta respectively. Average RMSE was 1.3, 1.9 and 1.7 °C for mean, min and max ambient temperature respectively, indicating a generally good performance. For Ta models, local performance was stable across most of the spatiotemporal extent, but showed lower performance in areas with low observation density. Overall, model stability and performance were lower when using block validation compared to random validation. The presented models will facilitate harmonized high-resolution exposure assignment for multi-cohort studies at a European scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Bussalleu
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Nagel G, Chen J, Jaensch A, Skodda L, Rodopoulou S, Strak M, de Hoogh K, Andersen ZJ, Bellander T, Brandt J, Fecht D, Forastiere F, Gulliver J, Hertel O, Hoffmann B, Hvidtfeldt UA, Katsouyanni K, Ketzel M, Leander K, Magnusson PKE, Pershagen G, Rizzuto D, Samoli E, Severi G, Stafoggia M, Tjønneland A, Vermeulen RCH, Wolf K, Zitt E, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Weinmayr G. Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of gastric and the upper aerodigestive tract cancers in a pooled European cohort: The ELAPSE project. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1900-1910. [PMID: 38339851 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution has been shown to significantly impact human health including cancer. Gastric and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers are common and increased risk has been associated with smoking and occupational exposures. However, the association with air pollution remains unclear. We pooled European subcohorts (N = 287,576 participants for gastric and N = 297,406 for UADT analyses) and investigated the association between residential exposure to fine particles (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC) and ozone in the warm season (O3w) with gastric and UADT cancer. We applied Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders at the individual and area-level. During 5,305,133 and 5,434,843 person-years, 872 gastric and 1139 UADT incident cancer cases were observed, respectively. For gastric cancer, we found no association with PM2.5, NO2 and BC while for UADT the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.15 (95% CI: 1.00-1.33) per 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, 1.19 (1.08-1.30) per 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2, 1.14 (1.04-1.26) per 0.5 × 10-5 m-1 increase in BC and 0.81 (0.72-0.92) per 10 μg/m3 increase in O3w. We found no association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and incidence of gastric cancer, while for long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2 and BC increased incidence of UADT cancer was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Jaensch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lea Skodda
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maciej Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- iClimate - Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Daniela Fecht
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - John Gulliver
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ole Hertel
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Kadelbach P, Weinmayr G, Chen J, Jaensch Dipl-Dok A, Rodopoulou S, Strak M, de Hoogh K, Andersen ZJ, Bellander T, Brandt J, Cesaroni G, Fecht D, Forastiere PF, Gulliver PJ, Hertel O, Hoffmann B, Hvidtfeldt UA, Katsouyanni PK, Ketzel M, Leander K, Ljungman P, Magnusson PKE, Pershagen G, Rizzuto D, Samoli E, Severi G, Stafoggia M, Tjønneland PA, Vermeulen R, Peters A, Wolf K, Raaschou-Nielsen PO, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Zitt E, Nage PG. Long-term exposure to air pollution and chronic kidney disease-associated mortality - results from the pooled cohort of the European multicentre ELAPSE-study. Environ Res 2024:118942. [PMID: 38649012 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite the known link between air pollution and cause-specific mortality, its relation to chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated mortality is understudied. Therefore, we investigated the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and CKD-related mortality in a large multicentre population-based European cohort. Cohort data were linked to local mortality registry data. CKD-death was defined as ICD10 codes N18-N19 or corresponding ICD9 codes. Mean annual exposure at participant's home address was determined with fine spatial resolution exposure models for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3), particulate matter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5) and several elemental constituents of PM2.5. Cox regression models were adjusted for age, sex, cohort, calendar year of recruitment, smoking status, marital status, employment status and neighbourhood mean income. Over a mean follow-up time of 20.4 years, 313 of 289 564 persons died from CKD. Associations were positive for PM2.5 (hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.31 (1.03-1.66) per 5μg/m3, BC (1.26 (1.03-1.53) per 0.5×10- 5/m), NO2 (1.13 (0.93-1.38) per 10μg/m3) and inverse for O3 (0.71 (0.54-0.93) per 10μg/m3). Results were robust to further covariate adjustment. Exclusion of the largest sub-cohort contributing 226 cases, led to null associations. Among the elemental constituents, Cu, Fe, K, Ni, S and Zn, representing different sources including traffic, biomass and oil burning and secondary pollutants, were associated with CKD-related mortality. In conclusion, our results suggest an association between air pollution from different sources and CKD-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Kadelbach
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maciej Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; iClimate - interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Giulia Cesaroni
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Fecht
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Prof Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Prof John Gulliver
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ole Hertel
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Prof Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gianluca Severi
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" team, CESP UMR1018, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Prof Anne Tjønneland
- The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Prof Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria; Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Prof Gabriele Nage
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Yuan Z, Shen Y, Hoek G, Vermeulen R, Kerckhoffs J. LUR modeling of long-term average hourly concentrations of NO 2 using hyperlocal mobile monitoring data. Sci Total Environ 2024; 922:171251. [PMID: 38417522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Mobile monitoring campaigns have effectively captured spatial hyperlocal variations in long-term average concentrations of regulated and unregulated air pollutants. However, their application in estimating spatiotemporally varying maps has rarely been investigated. Tackling this gap, we investigated whether mobile measurements can assess long-term average nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations for each hour of the day. Using mobile NO2 data monitored for 10 months in Amsterdam, we examined the performance of two spatiotemporal land use regression (LUR) methods, Spatiotemporal-Kriging and GTWR (Geographical and Temporal Weighted Regression), alongside two classical spatial LUR models developed separately for each hour. We found that mobile measurements follow the general pattern of fixed-site measurements, but with considerable deviations (indicating collection uncertainty). Leveraging heterogeneous spatiotemporal autocorrelations, GTWR smoothed these deviations and achieved an overall performance of an R2 of 0.49 and a Mean Absolute Error of 6.33 μg/m3, validated by long-term fixed-site measurements (out-of-sample). The other models tested were more affected by the collection uncertainty. We highlighted that the spatiotemporal variations captured in mobile measurements can be used to reconstruct long-term average hourly air pollution maps. These maps facilitate dynamic exposure assessments considering spatiotemporal human activity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Yuan
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Youchen Shen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jules Kerckhoffs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Soesanti F, Hoek G, Brunekreef B, Meliefste K, Chen J, Idris NS, Putri ND, Uiterwaal CSPM, Grobbee DE, Klipstein-Grobusch K. Perinatal exposure to traffic related air pollutants and the risk of infection in the first six months of life: a cohort study from a low-middle income country. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024:10.1007/s00420-024-02064-0. [PMID: 38632139 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is limited study from low-and-middle income countries on the effect of perinatal exposure to air pollution and the risk of infection in infant. We assessed the association between perinatal exposure to traffic related air pollution and the risk of infection in infant during their first six months of life. METHODS A prospective cohort study was performed in Jakarta, March 2016-September 2020 among 298 mother-infant pairs. PM2.5, soot, NOx, and NO2 concentrations were assessed using land use regression models (LUR) at individual level. Repeated interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to obtain data on infection at 1, 2, 4 and 6 months of age. The infections were categorized as upper respiratory tract (runny nose, cough, wheezing or shortness of breath), lower respiratory tract (pneumonia, bronchiolitis) or gastrointestinal tract infection. Logistic regression models adjusted for covariates were used to assess the association between perinatal exposure to air pollution and the risk of infection in the first six months of life. RESULTS The average concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 were much higher than the WHO recommended levels. Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) were much more common in the first six months of life than diagnosed lower respiratory tract or gastro-intestinal infections (35.6%, 3.5% and 5.8% respectively). Perinatal exposure to PM2.5 and soot suggested increase cumulative risk of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in the first 6 months of life per IQR increase with adjusted OR of 1.50 (95% CI 0.91; 2.47) and 1.14 (95% CI 0.79; 1.64), respectively. Soot was significantly associated with the risk of URTI at 4-6 months age interval (aOR of 1.45, 95%CI 1.02; 2.09). All air pollutants were also positively associated with lower respiratory tract infection, but all CIs include unity because of relatively small samples. Adjusted odds ratios for gastrointestinal infections were close to unity. CONCLUSION Our study adds to the evidence that perinatal exposure to fine particles is associated with respiratory tract infection in infants in a low-middle income country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Soesanti
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Environmental and Occupational Health Group Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Environmental and Occupational Health Group Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Meliefste
- Environmental and Occupational Health Group Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Chen
- Environmental and Occupational Health Group Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Nikmah S Idris
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nina D Putri
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Cuno S P M Uiterwaal
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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6
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Cornu Hewitt B, Smit LAM, van Kersen W, Wouters IM, Heederik DJJ, Kerckhoffs J, Hoek G, de Rooij MMT. Residential exposure to microbial emissions from livestock farms: Implementation and evaluation of land use regression and random forest spatial models. Environ Pollut 2024; 346:123590. [PMID: 38387543 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Adverse health effects have been linked with exposure to livestock farms, likely due to airborne microbial agents. Accurate exposure assessment is crucial in epidemiological studies, however limited studies have modelled bioaerosols. This study used measured concentrations in air of livestock commensals (Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus species (spp.)), and antimicrobial resistance genes (tetW and mecA) at 61 residential sites in a livestock-dense region in the Netherlands. For each microbial agent, land use regression (LUR) and random forest (RF) models were developed using Geographic Information System (GIS)-derived livestock-related characteristics as predictors. The mean and standard deviation of annual average concentrations (gene copies/m3) of E. coli, Staphylococcus spp., tetW and mecA were as follows: 38.9 (±1.98), 2574 (±3.29), 20991 (±2.11), and 15.9 (±2.58). Validated through 10-fold cross-validation (CV), the models moderately explained spatial variation of all microbial agents. The best performing model per agent explained respectively 38.4%, 20.9%, 33.3% and 27.4% of the spatial variation of E. coli, Staphylococcus spp., tetW and mecA. RF models had somewhat better performance than LUR models. Livestock predictors related to poultry and pig farms dominated all models. To conclude, the models developed enable enhanced estimates of airborne livestock-related microbial exposure in future epidemiological studies. Consequently, this will provide valuable insights into the public health implications of exposure to specific microbial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Cornu Hewitt
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Lidwien A M Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Warner van Kersen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inge M Wouters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dick J J Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jules Kerckhoffs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Myrna M T de Rooij
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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7
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Shen Y, de Hoogh K, Schmitz O, Clinton N, Tuxen-Bettman K, Brandt J, Christensen JH, Frohn LM, Geels C, Karssenberg D, Vermeulen R, Hoek G. Monthly average air pollution models using geographically weighted regression in Europe from 2000 to 2019. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170550. [PMID: 38320693 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Detailed spatial models of monthly air pollution levels at a very fine spatial resolution (25 m) can help facilitate studies to explore critical time-windows of exposure at intermediate term. Seasonal changes in air pollution may affect both levels and spatial patterns of air pollution across Europe. We built Europe-wide land-use regression (LUR) models to estimate monthly concentrations of regulated air pollutants (NO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5) between 2000 and 2019. Monthly average concentrations were collected from routine monitoring stations. Including both monthly-fixed and -varying spatial variables, we used supervised linear regression (SLR) to select predictors and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to estimate spatially-varying regression coefficients for each month. Model performance was assessed with 5-fold cross-validation (CV). We also compared the performance of the monthly LUR models with monthly adjusted concentrations. Results revealed significant monthly variations in both estimates and model structure, particularly for O3, PM10, and PM2.5. The 5-fold CV showed generally good performance of the monthly GWR models across months and years (5-fold CV R2: 0.31-0.66 for NO2, 0.4-0.79 for O3, 0.4-0.78 for PM10, 0.46-0.87 for PM2.5). Monthly GWR models slightly outperformed monthly-adjusted models. Correlations between monthly GWR model were generally moderate to high (Pearson correlation >0.6). In conclusion, we are the first to develop robust monthly LUR models for air pollution in Europe. These monthly LUR models, at a 25 m spatial resolution, enhance epidemiologists to better characterize Europe-wide intermediate-term health effects related to air pollution, facilitating investigations into critical exposure time windows in birth cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchen Shen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schmitz
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nick Clinton
- Google, Inc, Mountain View, California, United States
| | | | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Lise M Frohn
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Derek Karssenberg
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Hegelund ER, Mehta AJ, Andersen ZJ, Lim YH, Loft S, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, de Hoogh K, Mortensen LH. Air pollution and human health: a phenome-wide association study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081351. [PMID: 38423777 PMCID: PMC10910582 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution with onset of all human health conditions. DESIGN Prospective phenome-wide association study. SETTING Denmark. PARTICIPANTS All Danish residents aged ≥30 years on 1 January 2000 were included (N=3 323 612). After exclusion of individuals with missing geocoded residential addresses, 3 111 988 participants were available for the statistical analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE First registered diagnosis of every health condition according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, from 2000 to 2017. RESULTS Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were both positively associated with the onset of more than 700 health conditions (ie, >80% of the registered health conditions) after correction for multiple testing, while the remaining associations were inverse or insignificant. As regards the most common health conditions, PM2.5 and NO2 were strongest positively associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PM2.5: HR 1.06 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.07) per 1 IQR increase in exposure level; NO2: 1.14 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.15)), type 2 diabetes (PM2.5: 1.06 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.06); NO2: 1.12 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.13)) and ischaemic heart disease (PM2.5: 1.05 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.05); NO2: 1.11 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.12)). Furthermore, PM2.5 and NO2 were both positively associated with so far unexplored, but highly prevalent outcomes relevant to public health, including senile cataract, hearing loss and urinary tract infection. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that air pollution has a more extensive impact on human health than previously known. However, as this study is the first of its kind to investigate the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution with onset of all human health conditions, further research is needed to replicate the study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gerard Hoek
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
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9
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Weinmayr G, Chen J, Jaensch A, Skodda L, Rodopoulou S, Strak M, de Hoogh K, Andersen ZJ, Bellander T, Brandt J, Fecht D, Forastiere F, Gulliver J, Hertel O, Hoffmann B, Hvidtfeldt UA, Katsouyanni K, Ketzel M, Leander K, Magnusson PKE, Pershagen G, Rizzuto D, Samoli E, Severi G, Stafoggia M, Tjønneland A, Vermeulen R, Wolf K, Zitt E, Brunekreef B, Thurston G, Hoek G, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Nagel G. Long-term exposure to several constituents and sources of PM 2.5 is associated with incidence of upper aerodigestive tract cancers but not gastric cancer: Results from the large pooled European cohort of the ELAPSE project. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168789. [PMID: 37996018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
It is unclear whether cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) and gastric cancer are related to air pollution, due to few studies with inconsistent results. The effects of particulate matter (PM) may vary across locations due to different source contributions and related PM compositions, and it is not clear which PM constituents/sources are most relevant from a consideration of overall mass concentration alone. We therefore investigated the association of UADT and gastric cancers with PM2.5 elemental constituents and sources components indicative of different sources within a large multicentre population based epidemiological study. Cohorts with at least 10 cases per cohort led to ten and eight cohorts from five countries contributing to UADT- and gastric cancer analysis, respectively. Outcome ascertainment was based on cancer registry data or data of comparable quality. We assigned home address exposure to eight elemental constituents (Cu, Fe, K, Ni, S, Si, V and Zn) estimated from Europe-wide exposure models, and five source components identified by absolute principal component analysis (APCA). Cox regression models were run with age as time scale, stratified for sex and cohort and adjusted for relevant individual and neighbourhood level confounders. We observed 1139 UADT and 872 gastric cancer cases during a mean follow-up of 18.3 and 18.5 years, respectively. UADT cancer incidence was associated with all constituents except K in single element analyses. After adjustment for NO2, only Ni and V remained associated with UADT. Residual oil combustion and traffic source components were associated with UADT cancer persisting in the multiple source model. No associations were found for any of the elements or source components and gastric cancer incidence. Our results indicate an association of several PM constituents indicative of different sources with UADT but not gastric cancer incidence with the most robust evidence for traffic and residual oil combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Jaensch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lea Skodda
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maciej Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; iClimate - interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Daniela Fecht
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - John Gulliver
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ole Hertel
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gianluca Severi
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" team, CESP UMR1018, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - George Thurston
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Depts of Medicine and Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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10
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Taj T, Chen J, Rodopoulou S, Strak M, de Hoogh K, Poulsen AH, Andersen ZJ, Bellander T, Brandt J, Zitt E, Fecht D, Forastiere F, Gulliver J, Hertel O, Hoffmann B, Hvidtfeldt UA, Jørgensen JT, Katsouyanni K, Ketzel M, Lager A, Leander K, Liu S, Ljungman P, Severi G, Besson C, Magnusson PKE, Nagel G, Pershagen G, Peters A, Rizzuto D, Samoli E, Sørensen M, Stafoggia M, Tjønneland A, Weinmayr G, Wolf K, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of leukemia and lymphoma in a pooled European cohort. Environ Pollut 2024; 343:123097. [PMID: 38065336 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia and lymphoma are the two most common forms of hematologic malignancy, and their etiology is largely unknown. Pathophysiological mechanisms suggest a possible association with air pollution, but little empirical evidence is available. We aimed to investigate the association between long-term residential exposure to outdoor air pollution and risk of leukemia and lymphoma. We pooled data from four cohorts from three European countries as part of the "Effects of Low-level Air Pollution: a Study in Europe" (ELAPSE) collaboration. We used Europe-wide land use regression models to assess annual mean concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC) and ozone (O3) at residences. We also estimated concentrations of PM2.5 elemental components: copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn); sulfur (S); nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), silicon (Si) and potassium (K). We applied Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the associations. Among the study population of 247,436 individuals, 760 leukemia and 1122 lymphoma cases were diagnosed during 4,656,140 person-years of follow-up. The results showed a leukemia hazard ratio (HR) of 1.13 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.01-1.26) per 10 μg/m3 NO2, which was robust in two-pollutant models and consistent across the four cohorts and according to smoking status. Sex-specific analyses suggested that this association was confined to the male population. Further, the results showed increased lymphoma HRs for PM2.5 (HR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02-1.34) and potassium content of PM2.5, which were consistent in two-pollutant models and according to sex. Our results suggest that air pollution at the residence may be associated with adult leukemia and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Taj
- Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Maciej Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Zorana J Andersen
- Section of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria.
| | - Daniela Fecht
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
| | - John Gulliver
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | - Ole Hertel
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | - Jeanette T Jørgensen
- Section of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
| | - Anton Lager
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shuo Liu
- Section of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gianluca Severi
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, 94805, Villejuif, France; Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Caroline Besson
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, 94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Institute, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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11
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de Rooij MMT, Erbrink HJ, Smit LAM, Wouters IM, Hoek G, Heederik DJJ. Short-term residential exposure to endotoxin emitted from livestock farms in relation to lung function in non-farming residents. Environ Res 2024; 243:117821. [PMID: 38072102 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the public health relevance of exposure to livestock farm emissions is increasing. Research mostly focused on chemical air pollution, less on microbial exposure, while endotoxins are suggested relevant bacterial components in farm emissions. Acute respiratory health effects of short-term exposure to livestock-related air pollution has been shown for NH3 and PM10, but has not yet been studied for endotoxin. We aimed to assess associations between lung function and short-term exposure to livestock farming emitted endotoxin in co-pollutant models with NH3 and PM10. METHODS In 2014/2015, spirometry was conducted in 2308 non-farming residents living in a rural area in the Netherlands. Residential exposure to livestock farming emitted endotoxin during the week prior to spirometry was estimated by dispersion modelling. The model was applied to geo-located individual barns within 10 km of each home address using provincial farm data and local hourly meteorological conditions. Regional week-average measured concentrations of NH3 and PM10 were obtained through monitoring stations. Lung function parameters (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, MMEF) were expressed in %-predicted value based on GLI-2012. Exposure-response analyses were performed by linear regression modelling. RESULTS Week-average endotoxin exposure was negatively associated with FVC, independently from regional NH3 and PM10 exposure. A 1.1% decline in FVC was estimated for an increase of endotoxin exposure from 10th to 90th percentile. Stratified analyses showed a larger decline (3.2%) for participants with current asthma and/or COPD. FEV1 was negatively associated with week-average endotoxin exposure, but less consistent after co-pollutant adjustment. FEV1/FVC and MMEF were not associated with week-average endotoxin exposure. CONCLUSIONS Lower lung function in non-farming residents was observed in relation to short-term residential exposure to livestock farming emitted endotoxin. This study indicates the probable relevance of exposure to microbial emissions from livestock farms considering public health besides chemical air pollution, necessitating future research incorporating both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna M T de Rooij
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Lidwien A M Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inge M Wouters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dick J J Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Jones RR, Fisher JA, Hasheminassab S, Kaufman JD, Freedman ND, Ward MH, Sioutas C, Vermeulen R, Hoek G, Silverman DT. Outdoor Ultrafine Particulate Matter and Risk of Lung Cancer in Southern California. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:307-315. [PMID: 37856832 PMCID: PMC10840777 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202305-0902oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Particulate matter ⩽2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) is an established cause of lung cancer, but the association with ultrafine particulate matter (UFP; aerodynamic diameter < 0.1 μm) is unclear. Objectives: To investigate the association between UFP and lung cancer overall and by histologic subtype. Methods: The Los Angeles Ultrafines Study includes 45,012 participants aged ⩾50 years in southern California at enrollment (1995-1996) followed through 2017 for incident lung cancer (n = 1,770). We estimated historical residential ambient UFP number concentrations via land use regression and back extrapolation using PM2.5. In Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for smoking and other confounders, we estimated associations between 10-year lagged UFP (per 10,000 particles/cm3 and quartiles) and lung cancer overall and by major histologic subtype (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma). We also evaluated relationships by smoking status, birth cohort, and historical duration at the residence. Measurements and Main Results: UFP was modestly associated with lung cancer risk overall (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99-1.08]). For adenocarcinoma, we observed a positive trend among men; risk was increased in the highest exposure quartile versus the lowest (HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.05-1.85]; P for trend = 0.01) and was also increased in continuous models (HR per 10,000 particles/cm3, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.00-1.18]), but no increased risk was apparent among women (P for interaction = 0.03). Adenocarcinoma risk was elevated among men born between 1925 and 1930 (HR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.02-1.26] per 10,000) but not for other birth cohorts, and was suggestive for men with ⩾10 years of residential duration (HR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.98-1.26]). We found no consistent associations for women or other histologic subtypes. Conclusions: UFP exposure was modestly associated with lung cancer overall, with stronger associations observed for adenocarcinoma of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena R. Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch and
| | | | - Sina Hasheminassab
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mary H. Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch and
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
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Kerckhoffs J, Hoek G, Vermeulen R. Mobile monitoring of air pollutants; performance evaluation of a mixed-model land use regression framework in relation to the number of drive days. Environ Res 2024; 240:117457. [PMID: 37865326 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
We used black carbon data from a mobile monitoring campaign in Oakland, USA measuring street segments up to 40 times and compared a data-only, LUR model and mixed-model approach with a long-term average, represented by the average concentration based on 40 drive days on that street segment. The mixed model outperformed the data-only and LUR model estimates, with 80% explained variance after 5 drive days and 90% after 14 drive days. The data-only approach needed 8 and 15 to achieve an explained variance of 80% and 90%, respectively, The LUR model never achieved an explained variance higher than 70%. The mixed model is a scalable approach, as it can be used before all street segments in a domain are measured by developing a LUR model and adds information with increasing repeats per street segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Kerckhoffs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands
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14
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Froeling F, Gignac F, Toran R, Ortiz R, Ficorilli A, De Marchi B, Biggeri A, Kocman D, Ftičar J, Tratnik JS, Andrusaityte S, Grazuleviciene R, Errandonea L, Vermeulen R, Hoek G, Basagaña X. Implementing co-created citizen science in five environmental epidemiological studies in the CitieS-Health project. Environ Res 2024; 240:117469. [PMID: 37871787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Scientists and scientific institutions are adopting more extensive participatory models, hoping to revisit the existing relationship between science and society. Though citizen science has become more common in environmental monitoring, it is seldom utilized in environmental epidemiology. In the CitieS-Health project, we co-created epidemiological studies with citizens in five European countries. The aim of this paper is to share our experiences and impart methodological insight into the application of co-created citizen science strategies in environmental epidemiology. METHODS We applied the CitieS-Health framework, involving citizens in all the phases of the studies: identifying research questions, designing research protocols, collecting data, analysing data, interpreting data, formulating conclusions, authoring scientific articles and communicating the results to diverse audiences. These epidemiological studies, conducted in specific areas in Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Slovenia and Spain, covered diverse local environmental issues and health effects ranging from air pollution and mental health to industrial pollution and kidney disease. RESULTS Together with citizens, we successfully conducted environmental epidemiological studies that generated new scientific knowledge reflecting the concerns and knowledge of citizens. Citizens contributed in all the research activities, including activities beyond formulating the research questions, though the researchers initiated several design discussions and conducted time-consuming and complex tasks (e.g. data analysis, measurement of specific exposures and health outcomes). The challenges we encountered were engaging effectively with citizens throughout the study, harmonizing citizens' knowledge and values with the academics' expertise, managing civic expectations, making complex concepts understandable to citizens and representativeness of participating citizens. The co-created studies were able to empower citizens to address local health concerns by sharing and using scientific knowledge generated from studies. CONCLUSIONS Integration of co-created citizen science in environmental epidemiology is feasible and has the potential to improve the quality of research whilst promoting civic trust in research and results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florence Gignac
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Toran
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodney Ortiz
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonella Ficorilli
- Epidemiologia e Prevenzione "Giulio A. Maccacaro" Social Enterprise, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruna De Marchi
- Epidemiologia e Prevenzione "Giulio A. Maccacaro" Social Enterprise, Milan, Italy; SVT, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Annibale Biggeri
- Epidemiologia e Prevenzione "Giulio A. Maccacaro" Social Enterprise, Milan, Italy; Department of Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - David Kocman
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Ftičar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sandra Andrusaityte
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- Universiteit Utrecht (UU), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Universiteit Utrecht (UU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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15
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van den Brekel L, Lenters V, Mackenbach JD, Hoek G, Wagtendonk A, Lakerveld J, Grobbee DE, Vaartjes I. Ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in air pollution exposure: a cross-sectional analysis of nationwide individual-level data from the Netherlands. Lancet Planet Health 2024; 8:e18-e29. [PMID: 38199717 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution contributes to a large disease burden and some populations are disproportionately exposed. We aimed to evaluate ethnic and socioeconomic differences in exposure to air pollution in the Netherlands. METHODS We did a nationwide, cross-sectional analysis of all residents of the Netherlands on Jan 1, 2019. Sociodemographic information was centralised by Statistics Netherlands and mainly originated from the National Population Register, the tax register, and education registers. Concentrations of NO2, PM2·5, PM10, and elemental carbon, modelled by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, were linked to the individual-level demographic data. We assessed differences in air pollution exposures across the 40 largest minority ethnic groups. Evaluation of how ethnicity intersected with socioeconomic position in relation to exposures was done for the ten largest ethnic groups, plus Chinese and Indian groups, in both urban and rural areas using multivariable linear regression analyses. FINDINGS The total study population consisted of 17 251 511 individuals. Minority ethnic groups were consistently exposed to higher levels of air pollution than the ethnic Dutch population. The magnitude of inequalities varied between the minority ethnic groups, with 3-44% higher exposures to NO2 and 1-9% higher exposures to PM2·5 compared with the ethnic Dutch group. Average exposures were highest for the lowest socioeconomic group. Ethnic inequalities in exposure remained after adjustment for socioeconomic position and were of similar magnitude in urban and rural areas. INTERPRETATION The variability in air pollution exposure across ethnic and socioeconomic subgroups in the Netherlands indicates environmental injustice at the intersection of social characteristics. The health consequences of the observed inequalities and the underlying processes driving them warrant further investigation. FUNDING The Gravitation programme of the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, and Amsterdam University Medical Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke van den Brekel
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Virissa Lenters
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alfred Wagtendonk
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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16
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Hvidtfeldt UA, Chen J, Rodopoulou S, Strak M, de Hoogh K, Andersen ZJ, Bellander T, Brandt J, Forastiere F, Brynedal B, Hertel O, Hoffmann B, Katsouyanni K, Ketzel M, Leander K, Magnusson PKE, Nagel G, Pershagen G, Rizzuto D, Samoli E, So R, Stafoggia M, Tjønneland A, Weinmayr G, Wolf K, Zitt E, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Multiple myeloma risk in relation to long-term air pollution exposure - A pooled analysis of four European cohorts. Environ Res 2023; 239:117230. [PMID: 37806476 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is a growing concern worldwide, with significant impacts on human health. Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer with increasing incidence. Studies have linked air pollution exposure to various types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma, however, the relationship with multiple myeloma incidence has not been extensively investigated. METHODS We pooled four European cohorts (N = 234,803) and assessed the association between residential exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particles (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O3) and multiple myeloma. We applied Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders at the individual and area-level. RESULTS During 4,415,817 person-years of follow-up (average 18.8 years), we observed 404 cases of multiple myeloma. The results of the fully adjusted linear analyses showed hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 0.99 (0.84, 1.16) per 10 μg/m³ NO2, 1.04 (0.82, 1.33) per 5 μg/m³ PM2.5, 0.99 (0.84, 1.18) per 0.5 10-5 m-1 BCE, and 1.11 (0.87, 1.41) per 10 μg/m³ O3. CONCLUSIONS We did not observe an association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and incidence of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maciej Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; iClimate - interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Boel Brynedal
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole Hertel
- Departments of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, And Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rina So
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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17
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Chen J, Braun D, Christidis T, Cork M, Rodopoulou S, Samoli E, Stafoggia M, Wolf K, Wu X, Yuchi W, Andersen ZJ, Atkinson R, Bauwelinck M, de Hoogh K, Janssen NA, Katsouyanni K, Klompmaker JO, Kristoffersen DT, Lim YH, Oftedal B, Strak M, Vienneau D, Zhang J, Burnett RT, Hoek G, Dominici F, Brauer M, Brunekreef B. Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level PM2.5 and Mortality: Investigation of Heterogeneity by Harmonizing Analyses in Large Cohort Studies in Canada, United States, and Europe. Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:127003. [PMID: 38039140 PMCID: PMC10691665 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies across the globe generally reported increased mortality risks associated with particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μ m (PM 2.5 ) exposure with large heterogeneity in the magnitude of reported associations and the shape of concentration-response functions (CRFs). We aimed to evaluate the impact of key study design factors (including confounders, applied exposure model, population age, and outcome definition) on PM 2.5 effect estimates by harmonizing analyses on three previously published large studies in Canada [Mortality-Air Pollution Associations in Low Exposure Environments (MAPLE), 1991-2016], the United States (Medicare, 2000-2016), and Europe [Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE), 2000-2016] as much as possible. METHODS We harmonized the study populations to individuals 65 + years of age, applied the same satellite-derived PM 2.5 exposure estimates, and selected the same sets of potential confounders and the same outcome. We evaluated whether differences in previously published effect estimates across cohorts were reduced after harmonization among these factors. Additional analyses were conducted to assess the influence of key design features on estimated risks, including adjusted covariates and exposure assessment method. A combined CRF was assessed with meta-analysis based on the extended shape-constrained health impact function (eSCHIF). RESULTS More than 81 million participants were included, contributing 692 million person-years of follow-up. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality associated with a 5 - μ g / m 3 increase in PM 2.5 were 1.039 (1.032, 1.046) in MAPLE, 1.025 (1.021, 1.029) in Medicare, and 1.041 (1.014, 1.069) in ELAPSE. Applying a harmonized analytical approach marginally reduced difference in the observed associations across the three studies. Magnitude of the association was affected by the adjusted covariates, exposure assessment methodology, age of the population, and marginally by outcome definition. Shape of the CRFs differed across cohorts but generally showed associations down to the lowest observed PM 2.5 levels. A common CRF suggested a monotonically increased risk down to the lowest exposure level. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12141.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle Braun
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tanya Christidis
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Cork
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodstrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodstrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Weiran Yuchi
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zorana J. Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mariska Bauwelinck
- Interface Demography, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole A.H. Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodstrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- MRC Center for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jochem O. Klompmaker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Doris Tove Kristoffersen
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Oftedal
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maciej Strak
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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18
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Boogaard H, Atkinson RW, Brook JR, Chang HH, Hoek G, Hoffmann B, Sagiv SK, Samoli E, Smargiassi A, Szpiro AA, Vienneau D, Weuve J, Lurmann FW, Forastiere F. Evidence Synthesis of Observational Studies in Environmental Health: Lessons Learned from a Systematic Review on Traffic-Related Air Pollution. Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:115002. [PMID: 37991444 PMCID: PMC10664749 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a long tradition in environmental health of using frameworks for evidence synthesis, such as those of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for its Integrated Science Assessments and the International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs. The framework, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), was developed for evidence synthesis in clinical medicine. The U.S. Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) elaborated an approach for evidence synthesis in environmental health building on GRADE. METHODS We applied a modified OHAT approach and a broader "narrative" assessment to assess the level of confidence in a large systematic review on traffic-related air pollution and health outcomes. DISCUSSION We discuss several challenges with the OHAT approach and its implementation and suggest improvements for synthesizing evidence from observational studies in environmental health. We consider the determination of confidence using a formal rating scheme of up- and downgrading of certain factors, the treatment of every factor as equally important, and the lower initial confidence rating of observational studies to be fundamental issues in the OHAT approach. We argue that some observational studies can offer high-confidence evidence in environmental health. We note that heterogeneity in magnitude of effect estimates should generally not weaken the confidence in the evidence, and consistency of associations across study designs, populations, and exposure assessment methods may strengthen confidence in the evidence. We mention that publication bias should be explored beyond statistical methods and is likely limited when large and collaborative studies comprise most of the evidence and when accrued over several decades. We propose to identify possible key biases, their most likely direction, and their potential impacts on the results. We think that the OHAT approach and other GRADE-type frameworks require substantial modification to align better with features of environmental health questions and the studies that address them. We emphasize that a broader, "narrative" evidence assessment based on the systematic review may complement a formal GRADE-type evaluation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11532.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard W. Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey R. Brook
- Occupational and Environmental Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard H. Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sharon K. Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam A. Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Francesco Forastiere
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Andersen ZJ, Zhang J, Lim YH, So R, Jørgensen JT, Mortensen LH, Napolitano GM, Cole-Hunter T, Loft S, Bhatt S, Hoek G, Brunekreef B, Westendorp R, Ketzel M, Brandt J, Lange T, Kølsen-Fisher T. Long-Term Exposure to AIR Pollution and COVID-19 Mortality and Morbidity in DENmark: Who Is Most Susceptible? (AIRCODEN). Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2023:1-41. [PMID: 38286761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early ecological studies have suggested a link between air pollution and Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19); however, the evidence from individual-level prospective cohort studies is still sparse. Here, we have examined, in a general population, whether long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with the risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and developing severe COVID-19, resulting in hospitalization or death and who is most susceptible. We also examined whether long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with hospitalization or death due to COVID-19 in those who have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. METHODS We included all Danish residents 30 years or older who resided in Denmark on March 1, 2020. and followed them in the National COVID-19 Surveillance System until first positive test (incidence), COVID-19 hospitalization, or death until April 26, 2021. We estimated mean levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O3) at cohort participants' residence in 2019 by the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model/Urban Background Model. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the associations of air pollutants with COVID-19 incidence, hospitalization, and mortality adjusting for age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES) at the individual and area levels. We examined effect modification by age, sex, SES (education, income, wealth, employment), and comorbidities with cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, acute lower respiratory infections, diabetes, lung cancer, and dementia. We used logistic regression to examine association of air pollutants with COVID-19-related hospitalization or death among SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, adjusting for age, sex, individual- and area-level SES. RESULTS Of 3,721,810 people, 138,742 were infected, 11,270 hospitalized, and 2,557 died from COVID-19 during 14 months of follow-up. We detected strong positive associations with COVID-19 incidence, with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.10 (CI: 1.05-1.14) per 0.5-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and 1.18 (CI: 1.14-1.23) per 3.6-μg/m3 increase in NO2. For COVID-19 hospitalizations and for COVID-19 deaths, corresponding HRs and 95% CIs were 1.09 (CI: 1.01-1.17) and 1.19 (CI: 1.12-1.27), respectively for PM2.5, and 1.23 (CI: 1.04-1.44) and 1.18 (CI: 1.03-1.34), respectively for NO2. We also found strong positive and statistically significant associations with BC and negative associations with O3. Associations were strongest in those aged 65 years old or older, participants with the lowest SES, and patients with chronic cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, lung cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. Among 138,742 individuals who have tested positive for SARS-Cov-2, we detected positive association with COVID-19 hospitalizations (N = 11,270) with odds ratio and 95% CI of 1.04 (CI: 1.01- 1.08) per 0.5-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and 1.06 (CI: 1.01-1.12) per 3.6-μg/m3 increase in NO2, but no association with PM with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM10), BC, or O3, and no association between any of the pollutants and COVID-19 mortality (N = 2,557). CONCLUSIONS This large nationwide study provides strong new evidence in support of association between long-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Zhang
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Y-H Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R So
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J T Jørgensen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L H Mortensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G M Napolitano
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Cole-Hunter
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Bhatt
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - B Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Rgj Westendorp
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - J Brandt
- Climate, Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - T Lange
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Kølsen-Fisher
- Department of Clinical Research, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark
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20
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Turner MC, Andersen ZJ, Neira M, Krzyzanowski M, Malmqvist E, González Ortiz A, Kiesewetter G, Katsouyanni K, Brunekreef B, Melén E, Ljungman P, Tolotto M, Forastiere F, Dendale P, Price R, Bakke O, Reichert S, Hoek G, Pershagen G, Peters A, Querol X, Gerometta A, Samoli E, Markevych I, Basthiste R, Khreis H, Pant P, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Sacks JD, Hansen K, Lymes T, Stauffer A, Fuller GW, Boogaard H, Hoffmann B. Clean air in Europe for all! Taking stock of the proposed revision to the ambient air quality directives: a joint ERS, HEI and ISEE workshop report. Eur Respir J 2023; 62:2301380. [PMID: 37827574 PMCID: PMC10894647 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01380-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is a major public health concern and comprehensive new legislation is currently being considered to improve air quality in Europe. The European Respiratory Society (ERS), Health Effects Institute (HEI), and International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE) organised a joint meeting on May 24, 2023 in Brussels, Belgium, to review and critically evaluate the latest evidence on the health effects of air pollution and discuss ongoing revisions of the European Ambient Air Quality Directives (AAQDs). A multi-disciplinary expert group of air pollution and health researchers, patient and medical societies, and policy representatives participated. This report summarises key discussions at the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maria Neira
- World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | | | - Erik Melén
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Paul Dendale
- European Society of Cardiology (ESC), Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Richard Price
- European Cancer Organisation (ECO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ole Bakke
- Standing Committee of European Doctors (CPME), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sibylle Reichert
- International Association of Mutual Benefit Societies (AIM), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Annette Peters
- Helmholtz München - German Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- IBE, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Evangelia Samoli
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Health and Quality of Life in a Green and Sustainable Environment, SRIPD, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Haneen Khreis
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jason D Sacks
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kjeld Hansen
- European Lung Foundation, Sheffield, UK
- Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Gary W Fuller
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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21
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Hvidtfeldt UA, Chen J, Rodopoulou S, Strak M, de Hoogh K, Andersen ZJ, Bellander T, Brandt J, Fecht D, Forastiere F, Gulliver J, Hertel O, Hoffmann B, Katsouyanni K, Ketzel M, Leander K, Magnusson PKE, Nagel G, Pershagen G, Rizzuto D, Samoli E, So R, Stafoggia M, Tjønneland A, Weinmayr G, Wolf K, Zhang J, Zitt E, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Long-term air pollution exposure and malignant intracranial tumours of the central nervous system: a pooled analysis of six European cohorts. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:656-664. [PMID: 37420001 PMCID: PMC10421949 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors for malignant tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) are largely unknown. METHODS We pooled six European cohorts (N = 302,493) and assessed the association between residential exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particles (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3) and eight elemental components of PM2.5 (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium, and zinc) and malignant intracranial CNS tumours defined according to the International Classification of Diseases ICD-9/ICD-10 codes 192.1/C70.0, 191.0-191.9/C71.0-C71.9, 192.0/C72.2-C72.5. We applied Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders at the individual and area-level. RESULTS During 5,497,514 person-years of follow-up (average 18.2 years), we observed 623 malignant CNS tumours. The results of the fully adjusted linear analyses showed a hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.07 (0.95, 1.21) per 10 μg/m³ NO2, 1.17 (0.96, 1.41) per 5 μg/m³ PM2.5, 1.10 (0.97, 1.25) per 0.5 10-5m-1 BC, and 0.99 (0.84, 1.17) per 10 μg/m³ O3. CONCLUSIONS We observed indications of an association between exposure to NO2, PM2.5, and BC and tumours of the CNS. The PM elements were not consistently associated with CNS tumour incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maciej Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- iClimate-interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Daniela Fecht
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, London, UK
| | - John Gulliver
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ole Hertel
- Departments of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rina So
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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22
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Shen Y, de Hoogh K, Schmitz O, Clinton N, Tuxen-Bettman K, Brandt J, Christensen JH, Frohn LM, Geels C, Karssenberg D, Vermeulen R, Hoek G. Corrigendum to "Europe-wide air pollution modeling from 2000 to 2019 using geographically weighted regression" [Environ. Int. 168 (2022) 107485]. Environ Int 2023; 178:108111. [PMID: 37500330 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youchen Shen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schmitz
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Lise M Frohn
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Derek Karssenberg
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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23
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Yuan Z, Kerckhoffs J, Shen Y, de Hoogh K, Hoek G, Vermeulen R. Integrating large-scale stationary and local mobile measurements to estimate hyperlocal long-term air pollution using transfer learning methods. Environ Res 2023; 228:115836. [PMID: 37028540 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mobile air quality measurements are collected typically for several seconds per road segment and in specific timeslots (e.g., working hours). These short-term and on-road characteristics of mobile measurements become the ubiquitous shortcomings of applying land use regression (LUR) models to estimate long-term concentrations at residential addresses. This issue was previously found to be mitigated by transferring LUR models to the long-term residential domain using routine long-term measurements in the studied region as the transfer target (local scale). However, long-term measurements are generally sparse in individual cities. For this scenario, we propose an alternative by taking long-term measurements collected over a larger geographical area (global scale) as the transfer target and local mobile measurements as the source (Global2Local model). We empirically tested national, airshed countries (i.e., national plus neighboring countries) and Europe as the global scale in developing Global2Local models to map nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in Amsterdam. The airshed countries scale provided the lowest absolute errors, and the Europe-wide scale had the highest R2. Compared to a "global" LUR model (trained exclusively with European-wide long-term measurements), and a local mobile LUR model (using mobile data from Amsterdam only), the Global2Local model significantly reduced the absolute error of the local mobile LUR model (root-mean-square error, 6.9 vs 12.6 μg/m3) and improved the percentage explained variances compared to the global model (R2, 0.43 vs 0.28, assessed by independent long-term NO2 measurements in Amsterdam, n = 90). The Global2Local method improves the generalizability of mobile measurements in mapping long-term residential concentrations with a fine spatial resolution, which is preferred in environmental epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Yuan
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CK, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Jules Kerckhoffs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CK, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Youchen Shen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CK, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, Postfach, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CK, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CK, Utrecht, Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, University of Utrecht, 3584 CK, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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24
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Khomenko S, Pisoni E, Thunis P, Bessagnet B, Cirach M, Iungman T, Barboza EP, Khreis H, Mueller N, Tonne C, de Hoogh K, Hoek G, Chowdhury S, Lelieveld J, Nieuwenhuijsen M. Spatial and sector-specific contributions of emissions to ambient air pollution and mortality in European cities: a health impact assessment. Lancet Public Health 2023; 8:e546-e558. [PMID: 37393093 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution is a major risk to health and wellbeing in European cities. We aimed to estimate spatial and sector-specific contributions of emissions to ambient air pollution and evaluate the effects of source-specific reductions in pollutants on mortality in European cities to support targeted source-specific actions to address air pollution and promote population health. METHODS We conducted a health impact assessment of data from 2015 for 857 European cities to estimate source contributions to annual PM2·5 and NO2 concentrations using the Screening for High Emission Reduction Potentials for Air quality tool. We evaluated contributions from transport, industry, energy, residential, agriculture, shipping, and aviation, other, natural, and external sources. For each city and sector, three spatial levels were considered: contributions from the same city, the rest of the country, and transboundary. Mortality effects were estimated for adult populations (ie, ≥20 years) following standard comparative risk assessment methods to calculate the annual mortality preventable on spatial and sector-specific reductions in PM2·5 and NO2. FINDINGS We observed strong variability in spatial and sectoral contributions among European cities. For PM2·5, the main contributors to mortality were the residential (mean contribution of 22·7% [SD 10·2]) and agricultural (18·0% [7·7]) sectors, followed by industry (13·8% [6·0]), transport (13·5% [5·8]), energy (10·0% [6·4]), and shipping (5·5% [5·7]). For NO2, the main contributor to mortality was transport (48·5% [SD 15·2]), with additional contributions from industry (15·0% [10·8]), energy (14·7% [12·9]), residential (10·3% [5·0]), and shipping (9·7% [12·7]). The mean city contribution to its own air pollution mortality was 13·5% (SD 9·9) for PM2·5 and 34·4% (19·6) for NO2, and contribution increased among cities of largest area (22·3% [12·2] for PM2·5 and 52·2% [19·4] for NO2) and among European capitals (29·9% [12·5] for PM2·5 and 62·7% [14·7] for NO2). INTERPRETATION We estimated source-specific air pollution health effects at the city level. Our results show strong variability, emphasising the need for local policies and coordinated actions that consider city-level specificities in source contributions. FUNDING Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, State Research Agency, Generalitat de Catalunya, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, and Urban Burden of Disease Estimation for Policy Making 2023-2026 Horizon Europe project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Khomenko
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrico Pisoni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Marta Cirach
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Iungman
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Evelise Pereira Barboza
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Haneen Khreis
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Natalie Mueller
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Zhang J, Lim YH, So R, Jørgensen JT, Mortensen LH, Napolitano GM, Cole-Hunter T, Loft S, Bhatt S, Hoek G, Brunekreef B, Westendorp R, Ketzel M, Brandt J, Lange T, Kølsen-Fisher T, Andersen ZJ. Long-term exposure to air pollution and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalisation or death: Danish nationwide cohort study. Eur Respir J 2023; 62:2300280. [PMID: 37343976 PMCID: PMC10288813 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00280-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early ecological studies have suggested links between air pollution and risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but evidence from individual-level cohort studies is still sparse. We examined whether long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with risk of COVID-19 and who is most susceptible. METHODS We followed 3 721 810 Danish residents aged ≥30 years on 1 March 2020 in the National COVID-19 Surveillance System until the date of first positive test (incidence), COVID-19 hospitalisation or death until 26 April 2021. We estimated residential annual mean particulate matter with diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC) and ozone (O3) in 2019 by the Danish DEHM/UBM model, and used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the associations of air pollutants with COVID-19 outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, individual- and area-level socioeconomic status, and population density. RESULTS 138 742 individuals were infected, 11 270 were hospitalised and 2557 died from COVID-19 during 14 months. We detected associations of PM2.5 (per 0.53 μg·m-3) and NO2 (per 3.59 μg·m-3) with COVID-19 incidence (hazard ratio (HR) 1.10 (95% CI 1.05-1.14) and HR 1.18 (95% CI 1.14-1.23), respectively), hospitalisations (HR 1.09 (95% CI 1.01-1.17) and HR 1.19 (95% CI 1.12-1.27), respectively) and death (HR 1.23 (95% CI 1.04-1.44) and HR 1.18 (95% CI 1.03-1.34), respectively), which were strongest in the lowest socioeconomic groups and among patients with chronic respiratory, cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. We found positive associations with BC and negative associations with O3. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to air pollution may contribute to increased risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection as well as developing severe COVID-19 disease requiring hospitalisation or resulting in death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rina So
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette T Jørgensen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laust H Mortensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George M Napolitano
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Cole-Hunter
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samir Bhatt
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi Westendorp
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- iCLIMATE, Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Theis Lange
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thea Kølsen-Fisher
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Zorana Jovanovic Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Wolf K, Rodopoulou S, Chen J, Andersen ZJ, Atkinson RW, Bauwelinck M, Janssen NAH, Kristoffersen DT, Lim YH, Oftedal B, Strak M, Vienneau D, Zhang J, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Stafoggia M, Samoli E. Comparison of traditional Cox regression and causal modeling to investigate the association between long-term air pollution exposure and natural-cause mortality within European cohorts. Environ Pollut 2023; 327:121515. [PMID: 36967008 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Most studies investigating the health effects of long-term exposure to air pollution used traditional regression models, although causal inference approaches have been proposed as alternative. However, few studies have applied causal models and comparisons with traditional methods are sparse. We therefore compared the associations between natural-cause mortality and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) using traditional Cox and causal models in a large multicenter cohort setting. We analysed data from eight well-characterized cohorts (pooled cohort) and seven administrative cohorts from eleven European countries. Annual mean PM2.5 and NO2 from Europe-wide models were assigned to baseline residential addresses and dichotomized at selected cut-off values (PM2.5: 10, 12, 15 μg/m³; NO2: 20, 40 μg/m³). For each pollutant, we estimated the propensity score as the conditional likelihood of exposure given available covariates, and derived corresponding inverse-probability weights (IPW). We applied Cox proportional hazards models i) adjusting for all covariates ("traditional Cox") and ii) weighting by IPW ("causal model"). Of 325,367 and 28,063,809 participants in the pooled and administrative cohorts, 47,131 and 3,580,264 died from natural causes, respectively. For PM2.5 above vs. below 12 μg/m³, the hazard ratios (HRs) of natural-cause mortality were 1.17 (95% CI 1.13-1.21) and 1.15 (1.11-1.19) for the traditional and causal models in the pooled cohort, and 1.03 (1.01-1.06) and 1.02 (0.97-1.09) in the administrative cohorts. For NO2 above vs below 20 μg/m³, the HRs were 1.12 (1.09-1.14) and 1.07 (1.05-1.09) for the pooled and 1.06 (95% CI 1.03-1.08) and 1.05 (1.02-1.07) for the administrative cohorts. In conclusion, we observed mostly consistent associations between long-term air pollution exposure and natural-cause mortality with both approaches, though estimates partly differed in individual cohorts with no systematic pattern. The application of multiple modelling methods might help to improve causal inference. 299 of 300 words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard W Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mariska Bauwelinck
- Interface Demography, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicole A H Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Oftedal
- Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maciek Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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27
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Kutlar Joss M, Boogaard H, Samoli E, Patton AP, Atkinson R, Brook J, Chang H, Haddad P, Hoek G, Kappeler R, Sagiv S, Smargiassi A, Szpiro A, Vienneau D, Weuve J, Lurmann F, Forastiere F, Hoffmann BH. Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605718. [PMID: 37325174 PMCID: PMC10266340 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We report results of a systematic review on the health effects of long-term traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and diabetes in the adult population. Methods: An expert Panel appointed by the Health Effects Institute conducted this systematic review. We searched the PubMed and LUDOK databases for epidemiological studies from 1980 to July 2019. TRAP was defined based on a comprehensive protocol. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed. Confidence assessments were based on a modified Office for Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) approach, complemented with a broader narrative synthesis. We extended our interpretation to include evidence published up to May 2022. Results: We considered 21 studies on diabetes. All meta-analytic estimates indicated higher diabetes risks with higher exposure. Exposure to NO2 was associated with higher diabetes prevalence (RR 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02; 1.17 per 10 μg/m3), but less pronounced for diabetes incidence (RR 1.04; 95% CI: 0.96; 1.13 per 10 μg/m3). The overall confidence in the evidence was rated moderate, strengthened by the addition of 5 recently published studies. Conclusion: There was moderate evidence for an association of long-term TRAP exposure with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Kutlar Joss
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Richard Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff Brook
- Occupational and Environmental Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Pascale Haddad
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ron Kappeler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adam Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA, United States
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara H. Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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28
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Wirsching J, Nagel G, Tsai MY, de Hoogh K, Jaensch A, Anwander B, Sokhi RS, Ulmer H, Zitt E, Concin H, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Weinmayr G. Corrigendum to 'Exposure to ambient air pollution and elevated blood levels of gammaglutamyl transferase in a large Austrian cohort' [Sci. Total Environ.883 (2023) 163658]. Sci Total Environ 2023; 886:164016. [PMID: 37172554 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wirsching
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz (aks), Austria
| | - Ming-Yi Tsai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Jaensch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernhard Anwander
- Institut für Umwelt und Lebensmittelsicherheit des Landes Vorarlberg, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Ranjeet S Sokhi
- Centre for Climate Change Research (C3R), School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Hanno Ulmer
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz (aks), Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Hans Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz (aks), Austria
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Affiliations of authors
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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29
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Bouma F, Janssen NA, Wesseling J, van Ratingen S, Strak M, Kerckhoffs J, Gehring U, Hendricx W, de Hoogh K, Vermeulen R, Hoek G. Long-term exposure to ultrafine particles and natural and cause-specific mortality. Environ Int 2023; 175:107960. [PMID: 37178608 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health implications of long-term exposure to ubiquitously present ultrafine particles (UFP) are uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between long-term UFP exposure and natural and cause-specific mortality (including cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, and lung cancer) in the Netherlands. METHODS A Dutch national cohort of 10.8 million adults aged ≥ 30 years was followed from 2013 until 2019. Annual average UFP concentrations were estimated at the home address at baseline, using land-use regression models based on a nationwide mobile monitoring campaign performed at the midpoint of the follow-up period. Cox proportional hazard models were applied, adjusting for individual and area-level socio-economic status covariates. Two-pollutant models with the major regulated pollutants nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particles (PM2.5 and PM10), and the health relevant combustion aerosol pollutant (elemental carbon (EC)) were assessed based on dispersion modelling. RESULTS A total of 945,615 natural deaths occurred during 71,008,209 person-years of follow-up. The correlation of UFP concentration with other pollutants ranged from moderate (0.59 (PM2.5)) to high (0.81 (NO2)). We found a significant association between annual average UFP exposure and natural mortality [HR 1.012 (95 % CI 1.010-1.015), per interquartile range (IQR) (2723 particles/cm3) increment]. Associations were stronger for respiratory disease mortality [HR 1.022 (1.013-1.032)] and lung cancer mortality [HR 1.038 (1.028-1.048)] and weaker for CVD mortality [HR 1.005 (1.000-1.011)]. The associations of UFP with natural and lung cancer mortality attenuated but remained significant in all two-pollutant models, whereas the associations with CVD and respiratory mortality attenuated to the null. CONCLUSION Long-term UFP exposure was associated with natural and lung cancer mortality among adults independently from other regulated air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Bouma
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Nicole Ah Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Wesseling
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd van Ratingen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Maciek Strak
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jules Kerckhoffs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter Hendricx
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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30
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So R, Chen J, Stafoggia M, de Hoogh K, Katsouyanni K, Vienneau D, Samoli E, Rodopoulou S, Loft S, Lim YH, Westendorp RGJ, Amini H, Cole-Hunter T, Bergmann M, Shahri SMT, Zhang J, Maric M, Mortensen LH, Bauwelinck M, Klompmaker JO, Atkinson RW, Janssen NAH, Oftedal B, Renzi M, Forastiere F, Strak M, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Andersen ZJ. Long-term exposure to elemental components of fine particulate matter and all-natural and cause-specific mortality in a Danish nationwide administrative cohort study. Environ Res 2023; 224:115552. [PMID: 36822536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a well-recognized risk factor for premature death. However, evidence on which PM2.5 components are most relevant is unclear. METHODS We evaluated the associations between mortality and long-term exposure to eight PM2.5 elemental components [copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), sulfur (S), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), silicon (Si), and potassium (K)]. Studied outcomes included death from diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), dementia, and psychiatric disorders as well as all-natural causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory diseases (RD), and lung cancer. We followed all residents in Denmark (aged ≥30 years) from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2017. We used European-wide land-use regression models at a 100 × 100 m scale to estimate the residential annual mean levels of exposure to PM2.5 components. The models were developed with supervised linear regression (SLR) and random forest (RF). The associations were evaluated by Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for individual- and area-level socioeconomic factors and total PM2.5 mass. RESULTS Of 3,081,244 individuals, we observed 803,373 death from natural causes during follow-up. We found significant positive associations between all-natural mortality with Si and K from both exposure modeling approaches (hazard ratios; 95% confidence intervals per interquartile range increase): SLR-Si (1.04; 1.03-1.05), RF-Si (1.01; 1.00-1.02), SLR-K (1.03; 1.02-1.04), and RF-K (1.06; 1.05-1.07). Strong associations of K and Si were detected with most causes of mortality except CKD and K, and diabetes and Si (the strongest associations for psychiatric disorders mortality). In addition, Fe was relevant for mortality from RD, lung cancer, CKD, and psychiatric disorders; Zn with mortality from CKD, RD, and lung cancer, and; Ni and V with lung cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS We present novel results of the relevance of different PM2.5 components for different causes of death, with K and Si seeming to be most consistently associated with mortality in Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina So
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heresh Amini
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Cole-Hunter
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bergmann
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jiawei Zhang
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matija Maric
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laust H Mortensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Denmark Statistics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariska Bauwelinck
- Interface Demography - Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jochem O Klompmaker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard W Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicole A H Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bente Oftedal
- Department of air quality and noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matteo Renzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Science Policy & Epidemiology Environmental Research Group King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maciek Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Wirsching J, Nagel G, Tsai MY, de Hoogh K, Jaensch A, Anwander B, Sokhi RS, Ulmer H, Zitt E, Concin H, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Weinmayr G. Exposure to ambient air pollution and elevated blood levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase in a large Austrian cohort. Sci Total Environ 2023; 883:163658. [PMID: 37100134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is related to oxidative stress and an indicator for liver damage. We investigated the association between air pollution and GGT in a large Austrian cohort (N = 116,109) to better understand how air pollution affects human health. Data come from voluntary prevention visits that were routinely collected within the Vorarlberg Health Monitoring and Prevention Program (VHM&PP). Recruitment was ongoing from 1985 to 2005. Blood was drawn and GGT measured centralized in two laboratories. Land use regression models were applied to estimate individuals' exposure at their home address for particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5), <10 μm (PM10), fraction between 10 μm and 2.5 μm (PMcoarse), as well as PM2.5 absorbance (PM2.5abs), NO2, NOx and eight components of PM. Linear regression models, adjusting for relevant individual and community-level confounders were calculated. The study population was 56 % female with a mean age of 42 years and mean GGT was 19.0 units. Individual PM2.5 and NO2 exposures were essentially below European limit values of 25 and 40 μg/m3, respectively, with means of 13.58 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 19.93 μg/m3 for NO2. Positive associations were observed for PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5abs, NO2, NOx, and Cu, K, S in PM2.5 and PM10 fractions and Zn mainly in PM2.5 fraction. The strongest association per interquartile range observed was an increase of serum GGT concentration by 1.40 % (95 %-CI: 0.85 %; 1.95 %) per 45.7 ng/m3 S in PM2.5. Associations were robust to adjustments for other biomarkers, in two-pollutant models and the subset with a stable residential history. We found that long-term exposure to air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5abs, NO2, NOx) as well as certain elements, were positively associated with baseline GGT levels. The elements associated suggest a role of traffic emissions, long range transport and wood burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wirsching
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz (aks), Austria
| | - Ming-Yi Tsai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Jaensch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernhard Anwander
- Institut für Umwelt und Lebensmittelsicherheit des Landes Vorarlberg, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Ranjeet S Sokhi
- Centre for Atmospheric and Climate Physics Research (CACP), School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Hanno Ulmer
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz (aks), Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Hans Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz (aks), Austria
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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Boogaard H, Samoli E, Patton AP, Atkinson RW, Brook JR, Chang HH, Hoffmann B, Kutlar Joss M, Sagiv SK, Smargiassi A, Szpiro AA, Vienneau D, Weuve J, Lurmann FW, Forastiere F, Hoek G. Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and non-accidental mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Int 2023; 176:107916. [PMID: 37210806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health effects of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) continue to be of important public health interest across the globe. Following its 2010 review, the Health Effects Institute appointed a new expert Panel to systematically evaluate the epidemiological evidence regarding the associations between long-term exposure to TRAP and selected health outcomes. This paper describes the main findings of the systematic review on non-accidental mortality. METHODS The Panel used a systematic approach to conduct the review. An extensive search was conducted of literature published between 1980 and 2019. A new exposure framework was developed to determine whether a study was sufficiently specific to TRAP, which included studies beyond the near-roadway environment. We performed random-effects meta-analysis when at least three estimates were available of an association between a specific exposure and outcome. We evaluated confidence in the evidence using a modified Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) approach, supplemented with a broader narrative synthesis. RESULTS Thirty-six cohort studies were included. Virtually all studies adjusted for a large number of individual and area-level covariates-including smoking, body mass index, and individual and area-level socioeconomic status-and were judged at a low or moderate risk for bias. Most studies were conducted in North America and Europe, and a few were based in Asia and Australia. The meta-analytic summary estimates for nitrogen dioxide, elemental carbon and fine particulate matter-pollutants with more than 10 studies-were 1.04 (95% CI 1.01, 1.06), 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) and 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) per 10, 1 and 5 µg/m3, respectively. Effect estimates are interpreted as the relative risk of mortality when the exposure differs with the selected increment. The confidence in the evidence for these pollutants was judged as high, because of upgrades for monotonic exposure-response and consistency across populations. The consistent findings across geographical regions, exposure assessment methods and confounder adjustment resulted in a high confidence rating using a narrative approach as well. CONCLUSIONS The overall confidence in the evidence for a positive association between long-term exposure to TRAP and non-accidental mortality was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Boogaard
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - E Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A P Patton
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R W Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute, St. George's University of London, United Kingdom
| | - J R Brook
- Occupational and Environmental Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - B Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Kutlar Joss
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwill, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - S K Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - A Smargiassi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - D Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwill, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - F W Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA, United States
| | - F Forastiere
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Netherlands
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Stafoggia M, Analitis A, Chen J, Rodopoulou S, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Wolf K, Samoli E. Comparing "causal" and "traditional" approaches in the association of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on mortality: How sensitive are the results? Environ Int 2023; 174:107872. [PMID: 36934573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few comparisons between causal inference and traditional approaches have been performed. We applied "causal" and "traditional" methods to investigate the association between long-term air pollution exposure (PM2.5 and NO2) and mortality. METHODS We analyzed pooled data from eight well-characterized cohorts and one administrative cohort. We defined the generalized propensity score (GPS) as the conditional likelihood of exposure given confounders, and derived corresponding inverse-probability weights (IPW). We applied Cox-proportional hazard models weighted by IPW, adjusted for GPS, and directly adjusting for all confounders. RESULTS In IPW models, PM2.5 5 µg/m3 increases were associated with hazard ratios (HR) = 1.141 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.107, 1.176) and 1.050 (1.014, 1.088) in the pooled and administrative cohorts. Corresponding estimates for traditional Cox models were 1.132 (1.107, 1.158) and 1.057 (1.025, 1.089). Almost identical results were found for all approaches and both pollutants, when unbalanced covariates were adjusted for in causal models. CONCLUSIONS Traditional and causal approaches provided consistent associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Antonis Analitis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Vienneau D, Stafoggia M, Rodopoulou S, Chen J, Atkinson RW, Bauwelinck M, Klompmaker JO, Oftedal B, Andersen ZJ, Janssen NAH, So R, Lim YH, Flückiger B, Ducret-Stich R, Röösli M, Probst-Hensch N, Künzli N, Strak M, Samoli E, de Hoogh K, Brunekreef B, Hoek G. Association between exposure to multiple air pollutants, transportation noise and cause-specific mortality in adults in Switzerland. Environ Health 2023; 22:29. [PMID: 36967400 PMCID: PMC10041702 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-00983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to air pollution and noise is detrimental to health; but studies that evaluated both remain limited. This study explores associations with natural and cause-specific mortality for a range of air pollutants and transportation noise. METHODS Over 4 million adults in Switzerland were followed from 2000 to 2014. Exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5 components (Cu, Fe, S and Zn), NO2, black carbon (BC) and ozone (O3) from European models, and transportation noise from source-specific Swiss models, were assigned at baseline home addresses. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for individual and area-level covariates, were used to evaluate associations with each exposure and death from natural, cardiovascular (CVD) or non-malignant respiratory disease. Analyses included single and two exposure models, and subset analysis to study lower exposure ranges. RESULTS During follow-up, 661,534 individuals died of natural causes (36.6% CVD, 6.6% respiratory). All exposures including the PM2.5 components were associated with natural mortality, with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.026 (1.015, 1.038) per 5 µg/m3 PM2.5, 1.050 (1.041, 1.059) per 10 µg/m3 NO2, 1.057 (1.048, 1.067) per 0.5 × 10-5/m BC and 1.045 (1.040, 1.049) per 10 dB Lden total transportation noise. NO2, BC, Cu, Fe and noise were consistently associated with CVD and respiratory mortality, whereas PM2.5 was only associated with CVD mortality. Natural mortality associations persisted < 20 µg/m3 for PM2.5 and NO2, < 1.5 10-5/m BC and < 53 dB Lden total transportation noise. The O3 association was inverse for all outcomes. Including noise attenuated all outcome associations, though many remained significant. Across outcomes, noise was robust to adjustment to air pollutants (e.g. natural mortality 1.037 (1.033, 1.042) per 10 dB Lden total transportation noise, after including BC). CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to air pollution and transportation noise in Switzerland contribute to premature mortality. Considering co-exposures revealed the importance of local traffic-related pollutants such as NO2, BC and transportation noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Vienneau
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, CH-4123, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Richard W Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mariska Bauwelinck
- Interface Demography - Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Jochem O Klompmaker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Bente Oftedal
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1165, Denmark
| | - Nicole A H Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Rina So
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1165, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1165, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Flückiger
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, CH-4123, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Regina Ducret-Stich
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, CH-4123, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, CH-4123, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, CH-4123, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nino Künzli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, CH-4123, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maciek Strak
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, CH-4123, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Cole-Hunter T, Zhang J, Lim YH, Samoli E, Chen J, Strak M, Wolf K, Weinmayr G, Zitt E, Hoffmann B, Jöckel KH, Mortensen LH, Ketzel M, Méndez DY, Ljungman P, Nagel G, Pershagen G, Rizzuto D, Schramm S, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Andersen ZJ. Reply to Rumrich and colleagues (What does "Parkinson's disease mortality" mean?). Environ Int 2023; 173:107853. [PMID: 36931779 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cole-Hunter
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maciej Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laust H Mortensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Schramm
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Soesanti F, Uiterwaal CSPM, Meliefste K, Chen J, Brunekreef B, Idris NS, Grobbee DE, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Hoek G. The effect of exposure to traffic related air pollutants in pregnancy on birth anthropometry: a cohort study in a heavily polluted low-middle income country. Environ Health 2023; 22:22. [PMID: 36843017 PMCID: PMC9969650 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-00973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution has been recognized as one of the most important environmental health threats. Exposure in early life may affect pregnancy outcomes and the health of the offspring. The main objective of our study was to assess the association between prenatal exposure to traffic related air pollutants during pregnancy on birth weight and length. Second, to evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to traffic related air pollutants and the risk of low birth weight (LBW). METHODS Three hundred forty mother-infant pairs were included in this prospective cohort study performed in Jakarta, March 2016-September 2020. Exposure to outdoor PM2.5, soot, NOx, and NO2 was assessed by land use regression (LUR) models at individual level. Multiple linear regression models were built to evaluate the association between air pollutants with birth weight (BW) and birth length (BL). Logistic regression was used to assess the risk of low birth weight (LBW) associated with all air pollutants. RESULTS The average PM2.5 concentration was almost eight times higher than the current WHO guideline and the NO2 level was three times higher. Soot and NOx were significantly associated with reduced birth length. Birth length was reduced by - 3.83 mm (95% CI -6.91; - 0.75) for every IQR (0.74 × 10- 5 per m) increase of soot, and reduced by - 2.82 mm (95% CI -5.33;-0.30) for every IQR (4.68 μg/m3) increase of NOx. Outdoor air pollutants were not significantly associated with reduced birth weight nor the risk of LBW. CONCLUSION Exposure to soot and NOx during pregnancy was associated with reduced birth length. Associations between exposure to all air pollutants with birth weight and the risk of LBW were less convincing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Soesanti
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Cuno S P M Uiterwaal
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Meliefste
- Environmental and Occupational Health Group Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jie Chen
- Environmental and Occupational Health Group Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Environmental and Occupational Health Group Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nikmah S Idris
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Environmental and Occupational Health Group Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Bouma F, Hoek G, Koppelman GH, Vonk JM, Kerckhoffs J, Vermeulen R, Gehring U. Exposure to ambient ultrafine particles and allergic sensitization in children up to 16 years. Environ Res 2023; 219:115102. [PMID: 36565840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few epidemiological studies so far have investigated the role of long-term exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) in inhalant and food allergy development. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the association between UFP exposure and allergic sensitization to inhalant and food allergens in children up to 16 years old in the Netherlands. METHODS 2295 participants of a prospective birth cohort with IgE measurements to common inhalant and food allergens at ages 4, 8, 12 and/or 16 were included in the study. Annual average UFP concentrations were estimated for the home addresses at birth and at the time of the IgE measurements using land-use regression models. Generalized estimating equations were used for the assessment of overall and age-specific associations between UFP exposure and allergic sensitization. Additionally, single- and two-pollutant models with NO2, PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance and PM10 were assessed. RESULTS We found no significant associations between UFP exposure and allergic sensitization to inhalant and food allergens (OR (95% CI) ranging from 1.02 (0.95-1.10) to 1.05 (0.98-1.12), per IQR increment). NO2, PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance and PM10 showed significant associations with sensitization to food allergens (OR (95% CI) ranging from 1.09 (1.00-1.20) to 1.23 (1.06-1.43) per IQR increment). NO2, PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance and PM10 were not associated with sensitization to inhalant allergens. For NO2, PM2.5 and PM2.5 absorbance, the associations with sensitization to food allergens persisted in two-pollutant models with UFP. CONCLUSION This study found no association between annual average exposure to UFP and allergic sensitization in children up to 16 years of age. NO2, PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance and PM10 were associated with sensitization to food allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Bouma
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jules Kerckhoffs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Hvidtfeldt UA, Chen J, Rodopoulou S, Strak M, de Hoogh K, Andersen ZJ, Bellander T, Brandt J, Fecht D, Forastiere F, Gulliver J, Hertel O, Hoffmann BH, Katsouyanni K, Ketzel M, Brynedal B, Leander K, Ljungman PLS, Magnusson PKE, Nagel G, Pershagen G, Rizzuto D, Boutron-Ruault MC, Samoli E, So R, Stafoggia M, Tjønneland A, Vermeulen R, Verschuren WMM, Weinmayr G, Wolf K, Zhang J, Zitt E, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Breast Cancer Incidence in Relation to Long-Term Low-Level Exposure to Air Pollution in the ELAPSE Pooled Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:105-113. [PMID: 36215200 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Established risk factors for breast cancer include genetic disposition, reproductive factors, hormone therapy, and lifestyle-related factors such as alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, smoking, and obesity. More recently a role of environmental exposures, including air pollution, has also been suggested. The aim of this study, was to investigate the relationship between long-term air pollution exposure and breast cancer incidence. METHODS We conducted a pooled analysis among six European cohorts (n = 199,719) on the association between long-term residential levels of ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particles (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and ozone in the warm season (O3) and breast cancer incidence in women. The selected cohorts represented the lower range of air pollutant concentrations in Europe. We applied Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders at the individual and area-level. RESULTS During 3,592,885 person-years of follow-up, we observed a total of 9,659 incident breast cancer cases. The results of the fully adjusted linear analyses showed a HR (95% confidence interval) of 1.03 (1.00-1.06) per 10 μg/m³ NO2, 1.06 (1.01-1.11) per 5 μg/m³ PM2.5, 1.03 (0.99-1.06) per 0.5 10-5 m-1 BC, and 0.98 (0.94-1.01) per 10 μg/m³ O3. The effect estimates were most pronounced in the group of middle-aged women (50-54 years) and among never smokers. CONCLUSIONS The results were in support of an association between especially PM2.5 and breast cancer. IMPACT The findings of this study suggest a role of exposure to NO2, PM2.5, and BC in development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maciej Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.,iClimate - interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Daniela Fecht
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy.,Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Gulliver
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ole Hertel
- Departments of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Barbara H Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.,Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Boel Brynedal
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter L S Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rina So
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W M Monique Verschuren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Cole-Hunter T, Zhang J, So R, Samoli E, Liu S, Chen J, Strak M, Wolf K, Weinmayr G, Rodopolou S, Remfry E, de Hoogh K, Bellander T, Brandt J, Concin H, Zitt E, Fecht D, Forastiere F, Gulliver J, Hoffmann B, Hvidtfeldt UA, Jöckel KH, Mortensen LH, Ketzel M, Yacamán Méndez D, Leander K, Ljungman P, Faure E, Lee PC, Elbaz A, Magnusson PKE, Nagel G, Pershagen G, Peters A, Rizzuto D, Vermeulen RCH, Schramm S, Stafoggia M, Katsouyanni K, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Lim YH, Andersen ZJ. Long-term air pollution exposure and Parkinson's disease mortality in a large pooled European cohort: An ELAPSE study. Environ Int 2023; 171:107667. [PMID: 36516478 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases is well established, while evidence on neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's Disease (PD) remains limited. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and PD mortality in seven European cohorts. METHODS Within the project 'Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe' (ELAPSE), we pooled data from seven cohorts among six European countries. Annual mean residential concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O3), as well as 8 PM2.5 components (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulphur, silicon, vanadium, zinc), for 2010 were estimated using Europe-wide hybrid land use regression models. PD mortality was defined as underlying cause of death being either PD, secondary Parkinsonism, or dementia in PD. We applied Cox proportional hazard models to investigate the associations between air pollution and PD mortality, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Of 271,720 cohort participants, 381 died from PD during 19.7 years of follow-up. In single-pollutant analyses, we observed positive associations between PD mortality and PM2.5 (hazard ratio per 5 µg/m3: 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.55), NO2 (1.13; 0.95-1.34 per 10 µg/m3), and BC (1.12; 0.94-1.34 per 0.5 × 10-5m-1), and a negative association with O3 (0.74; 0.58-0.94 per 10 µg/m3). Associations of PM2.5, NO2, and BC with PD mortality were linear without apparent lower thresholds. In two-pollutant models, associations with PM2.5 remained robust when adjusted for NO2 (1.24; 0.95-1.62) or BC (1.28; 0.96-1.71), whereas associations with NO2 or BC attenuated to null. O3 associations remained negative, but no longer statistically significant in models with PM2.5. We detected suggestive positive associations with the potassium component of PM2.5. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to PM2.5, at levels well below current EU air pollution limit values, may contribute to PD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cole-Hunter
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rina So
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Shuo Liu
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maciej Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sophia Rodopolou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Remfry
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; iClimate, interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Hans Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Daniela Fecht
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Gulliver
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laust H Mortensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Yacamán Méndez
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elodie Faure
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" team, CESP UMR1018, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Pei-Chen Lee
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" team, CESP UMR1018, 94805 Villejuif, France; Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" team, CESP UMR1018, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Schramm
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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40
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Haddad P, Kutlar Joss M, Weuve J, Vienneau D, Atkinson R, Brook J, Chang H, Forastiere F, Hoek G, Kappeler R, Lurmann F, Sagiv S, Samoli E, Smargiassi A, Szpiro A, Patton AP, Boogaard H, Hoffmann B. Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 247:114079. [PMID: 36446272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke remains the second cause of death worldwide. The mechanisms underlying the adverse association of exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) with overall cardiovascular disease may also apply to stroke. Our objective was to systematically evaluate the epidemiological evidence regarding the associations of long-term exposure to TRAP with stroke. METHODS PubMed and LUDOK electronic databases were searched systematically for observational epidemiological studies from 1980 through 2019 on long-term exposure to TRAP and stroke with an update in January 2022. TRAP was defined according to a comprehensive protocol based on pollutant and exposure assessment methods or proximity metrics. Study selection, data extraction, risk of bias (RoB) and confidence assessments were conducted according to standardized protocols. We performed meta-analyses using random effects models; sensitivity analyses were assessed by geographic area, RoB, fatality, traffic specificity and new studies. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included. The meta-analytic relative risks (and 95% confidence intervals) were: 1.03 (0.98-1.09) per 1 μg/m3 EC, 1.09 (0.96-1.23) per 10 μg/m3 PM10, 1.08 (0.89-1.32) per 5 μg/m3 PM2.5, 0.98 (0.92; 1.05) per 10 μg/m3 NO2 and 0.99 (0.94; 1.04) per 20 μg/m3 NOx with little to moderate heterogeneity based on 6, 5, 4, 7 and 8 studies, respectively. The confidence assessments regarding the quality of the body of evidence and separately regarding the presence of an association of TRAP with stroke considering all available evidence were rated low and moderate, respectively. CONCLUSION The available literature provides low to moderate evidence for an association of TRAP with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Haddad
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - M Kutlar Joss
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - D Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Atkinson
- Epidemiology, Population Health Research Institute and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - J Brook
- Occupational and Environmental Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St Room 500, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - F Forastiere
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Level 2, Faculty Building South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - G Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R Kappeler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - F Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology, Inc, 1450 N McDowell Blvd #200, Petaluma, CA, 94954, USA
| | - S Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - E Samoli
- Dept. of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athina, 115 27, Greece
| | - A Smargiassi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 7101 Park Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Hans Rosling Center for Population Health, 3980 15th Avenue NE, Box 351617, Seattle, WA, 98195-1617, USA
| | - A P Patton
- Health Effects Institute, 75 Federal suite UNIT 1400, Boston, MA, 02110, USA
| | - H Boogaard
- Health Effects Institute, 75 Federal suite UNIT 1400, Boston, MA, 02110, USA
| | - B Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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41
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Hvidtfeldt UA, Taj T, Chen J, Rodopoulou S, Strak M, de Hoogh K, Andersen ZJ, Bellander T, Brandt J, Fecht D, Forastiere F, Gulliver J, Hertel O, Hoffmann B, Jørgensen JT, Katsouyanni K, Ketzel M, Lager A, Leander K, Ljungman P, Magnusson PKE, Nagel G, Pershagen G, Rizzuto D, Samoli E, So R, Stafoggia M, Tjønneland A, Vermeulen R, Weinmayr G, Wolf K, Zhang J, Zitt E, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Long term exposure to air pollution and kidney parenchyma cancer - Effects of low-level air pollution: a Study in Europe (ELAPSE). Environ Res 2022; 215:114385. [PMID: 36154858 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) is classified as a group 1 human carcinogen. Previous experimental studies suggest that particles in diesel exhaust induce oxidative stress, inflammation and DNA damage in kidney cells, but the evidence from population studies linking air pollution to kidney cancer is limited. METHODS We pooled six European cohorts (N = 302,493) to assess the association of residential exposure to fine particles (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), warm season ozone (O3) and eight elemental components of PM2.5 (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium, and zinc) with cancer of the kidney parenchyma. The main exposure model was developed for year 2010. We defined kidney parenchyma cancer according to the International Classification of Diseases 9th and 10th Revision codes 189.0 and C64. We applied Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders at the individual and area-level. RESULTS The participants were followed from baseline (1985-2005) to 2011-2015. A total of 847 cases occurred during 5,497,514 person-years of follow-up (average 18.2 years). Median (5-95%) exposure levels of NO2, PM2.5, BC and O3 were 24.1 μg/m3 (12.8-39.2), 15.3 μg/m3 (8.6-19.2), 1.6 10-5 m-1 (0.7-2.1), and 87.0 μg/m3 (70.3-97.4), respectively. The results of the fully adjusted linear analyses showed a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92, 1.15) per 10 μg/m³ NO2, 1.04 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.21) per 5 μg/m³ PM2.5, 0.99 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.11) per 0.5 10-5 m-1 BCE, and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.02) per 10 μg/m³ O3. We did not find associations between any of the elemental components of PM2.5 and cancer of the kidney parenchyma. CONCLUSION We did not observe an association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and incidence of kidney parenchyma cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahir Taj
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maciej Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Section of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Climate - Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Daniela Fecht
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - John Gulliver
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ole Hertel
- Departments of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jeanette T Jørgensen
- Section of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Lager
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rina So
- Section of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Section of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Kerckhoffs J, Khan J, Hoek G, Yuan Z, Hertel O, Ketzel M, Jensen SS, Al Hasan F, Meliefste K, Vermeulen R. Hyperlocal variation of nitrogen dioxide, black carbon, and ultrafine particles measured with Google Street View cars in Amsterdam and Copenhagen. Environ Int 2022; 170:107575. [PMID: 36306551 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlocal air quality maps are becoming increasingly common, as they provide useful insights into the spatial variation and sources of air pollutants. In this study, we produced several high-resolution concentration maps to assess the spatial differences of three traffic-related pollutants, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Black Carbon (BC) and Ultrafine Particles (UFP), in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Copenhagen, Denmark. All maps were based on a mixed-effect model approach by using state-of-the-art mobile measurements conducted by Google Street View (GSV) cars, during October 2018 - March 2020, and Land-use Regression (LUR) models based on several land-use and traffic predictor variables. We then explored the concentration ratio between the different normalised pollutants to understand possible contributing sources to the observed hyperlocal variations. The maps developed in this work reflect, (i) expected elevated pollution concentrations along busy roads, and (ii) similar concentration patterns on specific road types, e.g., motorways, for both cities. In the ratio maps, we observed a clear pattern of elevated concentrations of UFP near the airport in both cities, compared to BC and NO2. This is the first study to produce hyperlocal maps for BC and UFP using high-quality mobile measurements. These maps are important for policymakers and health-effect studies, trying to disentangle individual effects of key air pollutants of interest (e.g., UFP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Kerckhoffs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jibran Khan
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zhendong Yuan
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ole Hertel
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fares Al Hasan
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kees Meliefste
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands
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43
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Andersen ZJ, Zhang J, Jørgensen JT, Samoli E, Liu S, Chen J, Strak M, Wolf K, Weinmayr G, Rodopolou S, Remfry E, de Hoogh K, Bellander T, Brandt J, Concin H, Zitt E, Fecht D, Forastiere F, Gulliver J, Hoffmann B, Hvidtfeldt UA, Monique Verschuren WM, Jöckel KH, So R, Cole-Hunter T, Mehta AJ, Mortensen LH, Ketzel M, Lager A, Leander K, Ljungman P, Severi G, Boutron-Ruault MC, Magnusson PKE, Nagel G, Pershagen G, Peters A, Rizzuto D, van der Schouw YT, Schramm S, Stafoggia M, Katsouyanni K, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Lim YH. Long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality from dementia, psychiatric disorders, and suicide in a large pooled European cohort: ELAPSE study. Environ Int 2022; 170:107581. [PMID: 36244228 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is an established risk factor for premature mortality from chronic cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic diseases, while evidence on neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders remains limited. We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality from dementia, psychiatric disorders, and suicide in seven European cohorts. Within the multicenter project 'Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe' (ELAPSE), we pooled data from seven European cohorts from six countries. Based on the residential addresses, annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3), and 8 PM2.5 components were estimated using Europe-wide hybrid land-use regression models. We applied stratified Cox proportional hazard models to investigate the associations between air pollution and mortality from dementia, psychiatric disorders, and suicide. Of 271,720 participants, 900 died from dementia, 241 from psychiatric disorders, and 164 from suicide, during a mean follow-up of 19.7 years. In fully adjusted models, we observed positive associations of NO2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.38; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.13, 1.70 per 10 µg/m3), PM2.5 (HR = 1.29; 95 % CI: 0.98, 1.71 per 5 µg/m3), and BC (HR = 1.37; 95 % CI: 1.11, 1.69 per 0.5 × 10-5/m) with psychiatric disorders mortality, as well as with suicide (NO2: HR = 1.13 [95 % CI: 0.92, 1.38]; PM2.5: HR = 1.19 [95 % CI: 0.76, 1.87]; BC: HR = 1.08 [95 % CI: 0.87, 1.35]), and no association with dementia mortality. We did not detect any positive associations of O3 and 8 PM2.5 components with any of the three mortality outcomes. Long-term exposure to NO2, PM2.5, and BC may lead to premature mortality from psychiatric disorders and suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana J Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette T Jørgensen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Shuo Liu
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maciej Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sophia Rodopolou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Remfry
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; iClimate, Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Hans Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Daniela Fecht
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Science Policy & Epidemiology Environmental Research Group, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Gulliver
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - W M Monique Verschuren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rina So
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Cole-Hunter
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amar J Mehta
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laust H Mortensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Lager
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gianluca Severi
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, 94805 Villejuif, France; Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Schramm
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Science Policy & Epidemiology Environmental Research Group, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Ohanyan H, Portengen L, Kaplani O, Huss A, Hoek G, Beulens JWJ, Lakerveld J, Vermeulen R. Associations between the urban exposome and type 2 diabetes: Results from penalised regression by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and random forest models. Environ Int 2022; 170:107592. [PMID: 36306550 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is thought to be influenced by environmental stressors such as air pollution and noise. Although environmental factors are interrelated, studies considering the exposome are lacking. We simultaneously assessed a variety of exposures in their association with prevalent T2D by applying penalised regression Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), Random Forest (RF), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) approaches. We contrasted the findings with single-exposure models including consistently associated risk factors reported by previous studies. METHODS Baseline data (n = 14,829) of the Occupational and Environmental Health Cohort study (AMIGO) were enriched with 85 exposome factors (air pollution, noise, built environment, neighbourhood socio-economic factors etc.) using the home addresses of participants. Questionnaires were used to identify participants with T2D (n = 676(4.6 %)). Models in all applied statistical approaches were adjusted for individual-level socio-demographic variables. RESULTS Lower average home values, higher share of non-Western immigrants and higher surface temperatures were related to higher risk of T2D in the multivariable models (LASSO, RF). Selected variables differed between the two multi-variable approaches, especially for weaker predictors. Some established risk factors (air pollutants) appeared in univariate analysis but were not among the most important factors in multivariable analysis. Other established factors (green space) did not appear in univariate, but appeared in multivariable analysis (RF). Average estimates of the prediction error (logLoss) from nested cross-validation showed that the LASSO outperformed both RF and ANN approaches. CONCLUSIONS Neighbourhood socio-economic and socio-demographic characteristics and surface temperature were consistently associated with the risk of T2D. For other physical-chemical factors associations differed per analytical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haykanush Ohanyan
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviours and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands; Upstream Team, www.upstreamteam.nl. Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands.
| | - Lützen Portengen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Oriana Kaplani
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviours and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands; Upstream Team, www.upstreamteam.nl. Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviours and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands; Upstream Team, www.upstreamteam.nl. Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Binter AC, Kusters MSW, van den Dries MA, Alonso L, Lubczyńska MJ, Hoek G, White T, Iñiguez C, Tiemeier H, Guxens M. Air pollution, white matter microstructure, and brain volumes: Periods of susceptibility from pregnancy to preadolescence. Environ Pollut 2022; 313:120109. [PMID: 36155148 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure during early-life is associated with altered brain development, but the precise periods of susceptibility are unknown. We aimed to investigate whether there are periods of susceptibility of air pollution between conception and preadolescence in relation to white matter microstructure and brain volumes at 9-12 years old. We used data of 3515 children from the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort from Rotterdam, the Netherlands (2002-2006). We estimated daily levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM2.5absorbance) at participants' homes during pregnancy and childhood using land-use regression models. Diffusion tensor and structural brain images were obtained when children were 9-12 years of age, and we calculated fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity, and several brain structure volumes. We performed distributed lag non-linear modeling adjusting for socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics. We observed specific periods of susceptibility to all air pollutants from conception to age 5 years in association with lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity that survived correction for multiple testing (e.g., -0.85 fractional anisotropy (95%CI -1.43; -0.27) per 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 between conception and 4 years of age). We also observed certain periods of susceptibility to some air pollutants in relation to global brain and some subcortical brain volumes, but only the association between PM2.5 and putamen survived correction for multiple testing (172 mm3 (95%CI 57; 286) per 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 between 4 months and 1.8 year of age). This study suggested that conception, pregnancy, infancy, toddlerhood, and early childhood seem to be susceptible periods to air pollution exposure for the development of white matter microstructure and the putamen volume. Longitudinal studies with repeated brain outcome measurements are needed for understanding the trajectories and the long-term effects of exposure to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Binter
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Michelle S W Kusters
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel A van den Dries
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lucia Alonso
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Małgorzata J Lubczyńska
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Universitat de València, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Yu Z, Koppelman GH, Boer JMA, Hoek G, Kerckhoffs J, Vonk JM, Vermeulen R, Gehring U. Ambient ultrafine particles and asthma onset until age 20: The PIAMA birth cohort. Environ Res 2022; 214:113770. [PMID: 35777436 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Evidence regarding the role of long-term exposure to ultrafine particles (<0.1 μm, UFP) in asthma onset is scarce. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between exposure to UFP and asthma development in the Dutch PIAMA (Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy) birth cohort and assessed whether there is an association with UFP, independent of other air pollutants. METHODS Data from birth up to age 20 years from 3687 participants were included. Annual average exposure to UFP at the residential addresses was estimated with a land-use regression model. Overall and age-specific associations of exposure at the birth address and current address at the time of follow-up with asthma incidence were assessed using discrete-time hazard models adjusting for potential confounders. We investigated both single- and two-pollutant models accounting for co-exposure to other air pollutants (PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations, nitrogen dioxide, and PM2.5 absorbance). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 812 incident asthma cases were identified. Overall, we found that higher UFP exposure was associated with higher asthma incidence (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.08 (1.02,1.14) and 1.06 (1.00, 1.12) per interquartile range increase in exposure at the birth address and current address at the time of follow-up, respectively). Age-specific associations were not consistent. The association was no longer significant after adjustment for other traffic-related pollutants (nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 absorbance). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the importance of traffic-related air pollutants for asthma development through childhood and adolescence, but provide little support for an independent effect of UFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhebin Yu
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M A Boer
- Center for Nutrition, Prevention, and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jules Kerckhoffs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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van den Brekel L, Lenters V, Mackenbach JD, Hoek G, Wagtendonk AJ, Lakerveld J, Grobbee DE, Vaartjes I. Ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in relation to air pollution exposure in the Netherlands. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Air pollution (AP) contributes to a large disease burden and some populations are disproportionately exposed. It is unclear to what extent AP exposure differs across ethnic groups in the Netherlands and how this intersects with socioeconomic position (SEP). First, we identified differences in AP exposures between ethnic groups in the Netherlands. Second, we examined the interrelationships between ethnicity and SEP in relation to AP exposures.
Methods
We assessed AP exposures for residents of the Netherlands in 2019 (N = 17,251,511). Home address AP levels were estimated by dispersion models of the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). We linked exposure estimations of particulate matter <10 or < 2.5 μm (PM10, PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and elemental carbon (EC) to demographic data gathered by Statistics Netherlands. Absolute and relative differences in AP levels across ethnic groups were assessed. We conducted multivariable linear regression analyses and estimated marginal mean exposures to evaluate differences by ethnicity, SEP, age and sex within urban and rural areas. We tested for interactions and stratified accordingly.
Results
For the 40 largest minority ethnic groups (N > 18,314 per group), exposure to all pollutants was higher than for ethnic Dutch, with up to 1.5-fold differences for NO2. After stratification for urbanity and SEP, ethnic exposure inequalities persisted. For ethnic Dutch and some migrant groups, we found the lowest AP exposures in the middle SEP group (i.e. U-shaped trends), while we found linear patterns in other large migrant groups, with higher exposures at lower SEP.
Conclusions
Exposure to PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and EC was consistently higher in minority ethnic groups compared to ethnic Dutch. The association between SEP and AP levels showed different patterns between the majority ethnic Dutch and some of the largest minority ethnic groups. Further research is needed to define the equity and health implications.
Key messages
• Minority ethnic groups in the Netherlands are consistently exposed to higher levels of air pollution (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and EC) than the ethnic Dutch population.
• Depending on the ethnic group, the association between SEP and air pollution exposure was either linear (i.e. lower exposures at higher SEP) or U-shaped (i.e. lower exposures in the middle SEP group).
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Affiliation(s)
- L van den Brekel
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University Medical Center , Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - V Lenters
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University Medical Center , Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - JD Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Upstream Team , Amsterdam , Amsterdam, Netherlands
- UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - AJ Wagtendonk
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Upstream Team , Amsterdam , Amsterdam, Netherlands
- UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - DE Grobbee
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University Medical Center , Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - I Vaartjes
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University Medical Center , Utrecht, Netherlands
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48
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Yuan Z, Kerckhoffs J, Hoek G, Vermeulen R. A Knowledge Transfer Approach to Map Long-Term Concentrations of Hyperlocal Air Pollution from Short-Term Mobile Measurements. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:13820-13828. [PMID: 36121846 PMCID: PMC9535937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mobile measurements are increasingly used to develop spatially explicit (hyperlocal) air quality maps using land-use regression (LUR) models. The prevailing design of mobile monitoring campaigns results in the collection of short-term, on-road air pollution measurements during daytime on weekdays. We hypothesize that LUR models trained with such mobile measurements are not optimized for estimating long-term average residential air pollution concentrations. To bridge the knowledge gaps in space (on-road versus near-road) and time (short- versus long-term), we propose transfer-learning techniques to adapt LUR models by transferring the mobile knowledge into long-term near-road knowledge in an end-to-end manner. We trained two transfer-learning LUR models by incorporating mobile measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ultrafine particles (UFP) collected by Google Street View cars with long-term near-road measurements from regular monitoring networks in Amsterdam. We found that transfer-learning LUR models performed 55.2% better in predicting long-term near-road concentrations than the LUR model trained only with mobile measurements for NO2 and 26.9% for UFP, evaluated by normalized mean absolute errors. This improvement in model accuracy suggests that transfer-learning models provide a solution for narrowing the knowledge gaps and can improve the accuracy of mapping long-term near-road air pollution concentrations using short-term on-road mobile monitoring data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Yuan
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CK Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jules Kerckhoffs
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CK Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CK Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CK Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius
Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, University of Utrecht, 3584 CK Utrecht, The Netherlands
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49
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Shen Y, de Hoogh K, Schmitz O, Clinton N, Tuxen-Bettman K, Brandt J, Christensen JH, Frohn LM, Geels C, Karssenberg D, Vermeulen R, Hoek G. Europe-wide air pollution modeling from 2000 to 2019 using geographically weighted regression. Environ Int 2022; 168:107485. [PMID: 36030744 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous European land-use regression (LUR) models assumed fixed linear relationships between air pollution concentrations and predictors such as traffic and land use. We evaluated whether including spatially-varying relationships could improve European LUR models by using geographically weighted regression (GWR) and random forest (RF). We built separate LUR models for each year from 2000 to 2019 for NO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 using annual average monitoring observations across Europe. Potential predictors included satellite retrievals, chemical transport model estimates and land-use variables. Supervised linear regression (SLR) was used to select predictors, and then GWR estimated the potentially spatially-varying coefficients. We developed multi-year models using geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR). Five-fold cross-validation per year showed that GWR and GTWR explained similar spatial variations in annual average concentrations (average R2 = NO2: 0.66; O3: 0.58; PM10: 0.62; PM2.5: 0.77), which are better than SLR (average R2 = NO2: 0.61; O3: 0.46; PM10: 0.51; PM2.5: 0.75) and RF (average R2 = NO2: 0.64; O3: 0.53; PM10: 0.56; PM2.5: 0.67). The GTWR predictions and a previously-used method of back-extrapolating 2010 model predictions using CTM were overall highly correlated (R2 > 0.8) for all pollutants. Including spatially-varying relationships using GWR modestly improved European air pollution annual LUR models, allowing time-varying exposure-health risk models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchen Shen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schmitz
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Lise M Frohn
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Derek Karssenberg
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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50
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Lenssen E, Scibetta L, Duijndam A, Mandemaker L, Meirer F, Broßell D, Meyer-Plath A, Dziurowitz N, Thim C, Miclea P, Chiavarini S, Pieters R, Hoek G. P13-10 Traffic-related micro- and nanoplastics in urban air. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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