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Bosco FM, Colle L, Salvini R, Gabbatore I. A machine-learning approach to investigating the complexity of theory of mind in individuals with schizophrenia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30693. [PMID: 38756573 PMCID: PMC11096895 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia have difficulty attributing mental states to themselves and to others - Theory of Mind (ToM). ToM is a complex, multifaceted theoretical construct comprising first and second order, first and third person, egocentric and allocentric perspective, and cognitive and affective ToM. Most studies addressing ToM deficit in people with schizophrenia consider it an "all-or-nothing" ability and use a classical statistical methodology to test a null hypothesis. With the present study, we investigated ToM in individuals with schizophrenia, considering its complex nature and degrees of impairment. To do this, we used a machine-learning approach to detect patterns in heterogeneous and multivariate data. Our findings highlight the complex nature of ToM deficit in individuals with schizophrenia and reveal the relationship between various different aspects of ToM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Livia Colle
- University of Turin, Department of Psychology, GIPSI Research Group, Italy
- Terzo Centro di Psicoterapia Cognitiva, Roma
| | - Rogerio Salvini
- Instituto de Informática, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ilaria Gabbatore
- University of Turin, Department of Psychology, GIPSI Research Group, Italy
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2
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Keating CT, Cook JL. The inside out model of emotion recognition: how the shape of one's internal emotional landscape influences the recognition of others' emotions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21490. [PMID: 38057460 PMCID: PMC10700588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some people are exceptional at reading emotional expressions, while others struggle. Here we ask whether the way we experience emotion "on the inside" influences the way we expect emotions to be expressed in the "outside world" and subsequently our ability to read others' emotional expressions. Across multiple experiments, incorporating discovery and replication samples, we develop EmoMap (N = 20; N = 271) and ExpressionMap (N = 98; replication N = 193) to map adults' experiences of emotions and visual representations of others' emotions. Some individuals have modular maps, wherein emotional experiences and visual representations are consistent and distinct-anger looks and feels different from happiness, which looks and feels different from sadness. In contrast, others have experiences and representations that are variable and overlapping-anger, happiness, and sadness look and feel similar and are easily confused for one another. Here we illustrate an association between these maps: those with consistent and distinct experiences of emotion also have consistent and distinct visual representations of emotion. Finally (N = 193), we construct the Inside Out Model of Emotion Recognition, which explains 60.8% of the variance in emotion recognition and illuminates multiple pathways to emotion recognition difficulties. These findings have important implications for understanding the emotion recognition difficulties documented in numerous clinical populations.
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Mirzai N, Polet K, Morisot A, Hesse S, Pesce A, Louchart de la Chapelle S, Iakimova G. Can the Ability to Recognize Facial Emotions in Individuals With Neurodegenerative Disease be Improved? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cogn Behav Neurol 2023; 36:202-218. [PMID: 37410880 PMCID: PMC10683976 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial emotion recognition (FER) is commonly impaired in individuals with neurodegenerative disease (NDD). This impairment has been linked to an increase in behavioral disorders and caregiver burden. OBJECTIVE To identify interventions targeting the improvement of FER ability in individuals with NDD and investigate the magnitude of the efficacy of the interventions. We also wanted to explore the duration of the effects of the intervention and their possible impacts on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and caregiver burden. METHOD We included 15 studies with 604 individuals who had been diagnosed with NDD. The identified interventions were categorized into three types of approach (cognitive, neurostimulation, and pharmacological) as well as a combined approach (neurostimulation with pharmacological). RESULTS The three types of approaches pooled together had a significant large effect size for FER ability improvement (standard mean difference: 1.21, 95% CI = 0.11, 2.31, z = 2.15, P = 0.03). The improvement lasted post intervention, in tandem with a decrease in behavioral disorders and caregiver burden. CONCLUSION A combination of different approaches for FER ability improvement may be beneficial for individuals with NDD and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz Mirzai
- Clinical Research Unit–Memory Clinic, Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco
- Cote d’Azur University, Laboratory of Clinical, Cognitive and Social Anthropology and Psychology, Nice, France
| | - Kévin Polet
- Clinical Research Unit–Memory Clinic, Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco
| | - Adeline Morisot
- Clinical Research Unit–Memory Clinic, Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco
- Public Health Department, Cote d’Azur University, University Hospital Center of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Solange Hesse
- Clinical Research Unit–Memory Clinic, Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco
| | - Alain Pesce
- Bibliographic Research Association for Neurosciences, Nice, France
| | | | - Galina Iakimova
- Cote d’Azur University, Laboratory of Clinical, Cognitive and Social Anthropology and Psychology, Nice, France
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4
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Wang YH, Wang XF, Shi LD, Xu XM, Wei LN, Li SS, Li XP, Ma XL, Li ZM, Wei XZ, Wang Q, Wang KQ. A retrospective case-control study of facial emotion recognition in male veterans with chronic schizophrenia and its correlation with interpersonal communication. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:47. [PMID: 36653828 PMCID: PMC9847099 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the facial emotion recognition of male veterans with chronic schizophrenia and the relationship between facial emotion recognition and interpersonal communication to provide a reference for designing social skills training programmes. METHOD Fifty-six eligible male patients with chronic schizophrenia who were admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to April 2021 were selected, and 24 healthy people were selected as controls. Facial emotion recognition, social communication skills and self-perceived interpersonal disturbance were assessed using a facial emotion recognition stimulus manual, the Social Skills Checklist (SSC) and the Interpersonal Relationship Integrative Diagnostic Scale (IRIDS). Disease status was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. RESULTS Both the control group and the patient group had the highest recognition accuracy for neutral faces. The recognition rate for neutral expression was higher in the control group than in the patient group (p = 0.008). The rate of neutral expressions identified as happiness was higher in the patient group than in the control group (p = 0.001). The identification of anger as happiness was higher in the control group than in the patient group (p = 0.026), and the pattern of misidentification was similar between the control group and the patient group. The accuracy of facial emotion recognition was negatively associated with the age of onset (p < 0.05). The recognition accuracy for happiness was negatively associated with negative symptoms, general pathological symptoms and total scale scores (p < 0.05). The total score for expression recognition was negatively associated with the negative symptom subscale scores (p < 0.05), and there was no correlation between expression recognition and positive symptoms (p > 0.05). The recognition accuracy for happiness was negatively correlated with the IRIDS conversation factor (p < 0.05). The recognition accuracy for happiness and anger and the total scores for facial emotion recognition were negatively correlated with the SSC subscale score and the total score (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The main influencing factors on facial emotion recognition were the SSC total score (p < 0.001) and the positive factor score (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION Veterans with chronic schizophrenia have facial emotion recognition impairments affected by negative symptoms. There is a correlation between facial emotion recognition and interpersonal communication. HIGHLIGHTS 1. There are extensive facial expression recognition disorders in schizophrenia. 2. The pattern of misidentification was similar in both the control group and the patient group, with the tendency for happiness to be identified as a neutral emotion, anger as happiness, and fear as neutral emotion and anger. 3. Based on the comprehensive assessment of social cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia, prospective studies of standardised interventions are designed to provide support for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Wang
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Xin-Fu Wang
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Li-Da Shi
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Xiao-Mei Xu
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Li-Ning Wei
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Xi-Po Li
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Xin-Li Ma
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Zhan-Min Li
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Xin-Zhen Wei
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Ke-Qiang Wang
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000, China.
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Igra L, Sened H, Lavi-Rotenberg A, Pijnenborg M, Lysaker PH, Hasson-Ohayon I. Emotional experience and metacognition among people with schizophrenia: Analysis of session by session and outcome of metacognitive-oriented psychotherapy. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:460-466. [PMID: 36335836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that in-session emotional experiences in psychotherapy promote both session and treatment outcomes across different clinical samples and treatment approaches. However, little is known about how this notion applies to clients with schizophrenia, who experience particular deficits related to emotional experience. To explore this question, we investigated the association between clients' emotional experience and their session outcome evaluations and metacognitive growth in a metacognitively-oriented treatment, Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT). MERIT is a recovery-oriented treatment approach for psychosis that focuses on recapturing a coherent sense of self and personal agency by enhancing metacognitive capacity. METHOD Five-hundred-and-sixty-three sessions of 37 clients with schizophrenia who took part in an ongoing MERIT trial were analyzed. The Emotional Experience Self-Report (EE-SR) and Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) were collected on a session-by-session basis. Levels of metacognition ware assessed pre- and post-treatment using the Metacognitive Assessment Scale-Abbreviated (MAS-A) coding system. We used multilevel modeling to test our session-level predictions, and linear regression analysis for treatment-level predictions. RESULTS Greater emotional experience, expression, and regulation within a session were associated with better session outcome. Regarding treatment level, greater emotional experience was associated with improvement in metacognitive mastery. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that experiencing emotions in MERIT has significant implications for clients' subjective well-being during therapy sessions and for their ability to respond to psychological challenges using metacognitive knowledge. These findings lend weight to the idea that emotional experience is a key mechanism of change in metacognitive therapy for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libby Igra
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Haran Sened
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Marieke Pijnenborg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul H Lysaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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6
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Fekete Z, Vass E, Farkas-Pócs M, Balajthy R, Kuritárné IS. Verbal manifestations of metacognitive and social cognitive operations in patients with schizophrenia who received metacognitive training. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe study investigates with inductive content analysis the verbal manifestations of schizophrenia patients, their utterances within the theory of mind modules of Metacognitive Training. Participants were recruited via psychiatrists’ verbal referrals. Four small groups were formed, two of which consented to the audio recording of their sessions. Only the sessions of these two groups of five and four patients respectively were investigated. As two participants dropped out, the verbalisations of seven participants were eventually analysed. All patients had schizophrenia diagnosis (mean age: 43 years, male: two, female: five). The verbal contents were transcribed, then two independent coders did the categorisation of the content; investigator triangulation ensured the reliability and validity of the study. As a result, a five-level hierarchy of cognitive operations was revealed in a bottom-up way. Patients attempted to interpret not only facial expressions but expressive movements, too, during emotion recognition. When deducing the state of others, patients sought contextual information; moreover, the burden of the illness and stigmatisation became easy to share. No signs of awareness of the consequences of the inferred states were found regarding future adjustment. Our hierarchical structure was consistent with related literature, and the specificities of cognitive operations of participants were also revealed.
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7
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Dekker TEG, van der Heijden HS, Schirmbeck F, van Amelsvoort T, Bartels-Velthuis AA, Simons CJP, de Haan L, Vermeulen JM. The association between smoking behaviour, social cognition and social functioning in patients with a non-affective psychotic disorder: A prospective follow-up study. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2021; 26:100206. [PMID: 34258239 PMCID: PMC8259295 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2021.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In patients with psychotic disorders, both tobacco smoking and deficits in social cognition and social functioning are highly prevalent. However, little is known about their relationship in psychosis. The authors sought to evaluate the multi-cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between tobacco smoking, social cognition and social functioning in a large prospective study. Methods This study was performed within the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Study, a cohort study conducted in patients with non-affective psychosis (N = 1074), their unaffected siblings (N = 1047) and healthy controls (N = 549). At baseline, three years and six years of follow-up, data on tobacco smoking (using the Composite International Diagnostic Review), social cognition (emotion processing and theory of mind) and social functioning were collected. To assess associations between tobacco smoking and social cognition or social functioning, multivariate linear mixed-effects models and multiple linear regression models were used. Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was applied. Results A significant positive association was found between smoking and emotion processing (as part of social cognition) in the patient group (estimate = 1.96, SE = 0.6, p = 0.003). However, smoking was significantly negatively associated with participating in pro-social activities compared with non-smoking (estimate = −2.55, SE = 0.9, p = 0.004). Change in smoking behaviour was not associated with social cognition or social functioning in the longitudinal analyses. Conclusion Findings indicate that smoking patients with a non-affective psychotic disorder slightly outperformed their non-smoking peers on a task on social cognition, but participated less in pro-social activities. Commencement or cessation of smoking was not related to social cognition or functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias E G Dekker
- Early Psychosis Department, Amsterdam UMC (location AMC), Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Frederike Schirmbeck
- Early Psychosis Department, Amsterdam UMC (location AMC), Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Arkin Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Agna A Bartels-Velthuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia J P Simons
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Early Psychosis Department, Amsterdam UMC (location AMC), Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Arkin Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jentien M Vermeulen
- Early Psychosis Department, Amsterdam UMC (location AMC), Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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8
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The relationship between emotional intelligence and quality of life in schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder. Qual Life Res 2021; 30:2475-2485. [PMID: 33950353 PMCID: PMC8405482 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-02843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Social cognitive skills, both psychosocial functioning and well-being of patients with schizophrenia (SZ) or bipolar disorder (BD), have consistently been shown to be interrelated. While previous research mainly focused on emotion perception, the present study investigates the impact of the other subdomains of emotion processing on a subjective Quality of Life (QoL) estimate and objective QoL indicators. We hypothesized that patients with better performance in the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) report better QoL; and assumed that SZ and BD patients report comparable subjective QoL, whereas BD patients show higher levels of objective QoL. Methods Patients diagnosed with either SZ (n = 63) or BD (n = 60), as well as 80 healthy controls, were included into a cross-sectional study. Emotional Intelligence (EI) and QoL were assessed using the MSCEIT and the German version of the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile. Results The two patient groups were comparable with regard to overall EI, as well as subjective and objective QoL, but indicated significantly lower levels of EI and QoL than healthy controls. Whereas EI was not associated with both patient groups’ subjective QoL, a significant correlation of EI with objective QoL was only observed in SZ. However, overall effect sizes were small. Conclusion Our findings point to a difference in the interrelation between EI and QoL in patients suffering from SZ and BD, and suggest that they may have different needs to achieve recovery. It will be critical to develop training programs targeting EI in SZ, and to examine their impact on objective QoL in these patients.
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9
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Sabharwal A, Kotov R, Mohanty A. Amygdala connectivity during emotional face perception in psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res 2021; 228:555-566. [PMID: 33262018 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Emotional face perception (EFP) deficits have been identified as a significant feature of psychotic disorders and are associated with symptoms and real-world functioning in these disorders. The amygdala is frequently implicated in EFP and bears extensive structural connectivity with other brain regions supporting EFP. Amygdala functional connectivity during attentional control of implicitly processed emotional faces in psychotic disorders is well examined. However, it is unclear whether amygdala functional connectivity while explicitly processing emotional faces contributes to EFP deficits in psychotic disorders. Further, it is unclear whether these connectivity differences are associated with symptoms or functioning and if these relationships are transdiagnostic across psychotic disorders. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and seed-based functional connectivity analyses to examine connectivity of amygdala to other regions of the face processing network during an EFP task. The sample consisted of 55 cases with psychotic disorders and 29 participants with no history of psychosis (NP). Results indicated that, compared to NP, cases showed worse accuracy, greater inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) activation, and greater amygdala-insula connectivity while matching emotional and neutral faces. Additionally, worse accuracy, greater IFG activation, greater amygdala-insula and amygdala-IFG connectivity during emotional vs. neutral faces was associated with worse negative symptoms and greater deficits in social and global functioning in cases. Importantly, these relationships transcended diagnostic categories, and applied across psychotic disorders. The present study presents compelling evidence relating alterations in amygdala functional connectivity during explicit EFP with clinical and functioning deficits seen across psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amri Sabharwal
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, United States of America
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, United States of America
| | - Aprajita Mohanty
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, United States of America.
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10
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Bulgari V, Bava M, Gamba G, Bartoli F, Ornaghi A, Candini V, Ferla MT, Cricelli M, Bianconi G, Cavalera C, Conte G, Stefana A, Picchioni M, Iozzino L, Crocamo C, Carrà G. Facial emotion recognition in people with schizophrenia and a history of violence: a mediation analysis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:761-769. [PMID: 31106387 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for an association between impaired facial emotion recognition and violence in people with schizophrenia is inconclusive. In particular, the role of misidentification patterns involving specific emotions such as anger and the influence of clinical characteristics on this association remain unclear. In this study, we compared facial emotion recognition performance in age- and gender-matched schizophrenia spectrum disorders subjects with (N = 52) and without (N = 52) a history of violence. Data on current symptom severity, Cluster B personality status, past victimization, and alcohol and substance misuse were also collected. Compared to those without, subjects with a history of violence showed worse facial emotion recognition performances, involving anger, fear, disgust, sadness, and happiness. When formally testing the reporting of angry faces, evidence of enhanced sensitivity to anger was not supported. Finally, when the impact of current symptoms was assessed, higher severity of activation symptoms, including motor hyperactivity, elevated mood, excitement and distractibility, mediated the relationship between history of violence and poor facial emotion recognition performance. As a whole, our findings seem to support the role of perceptual deficits involving different emotions as well as of a mediation played by activation symptoms. Facial emotion recognition deficits associated with the propensity to violence, as well certain symptoms mediating their relationship, should be targeted by specific treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Bulgari
- Psychiatric and Evaluation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Bava
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Gamba
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ornaghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Candini
- Psychiatric and Evaluation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Ferla
- Department of Mental Health, ASST-Rhodense G.Salvini di Garbagnate, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Cricelli
- Department of Mental Health, ASST-Rhodense G.Salvini di Garbagnate, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Cavalera
- Psychiatric and Evaluation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Conte
- Department of Mental Health, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Stefana
- Department of Mental Health, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Picchioni
- St Magnus Hospital, Marley Lane, Haslemere, Surrey, UK
- GU and Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Iozzino
- Psychiatric and Evaluation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
- Division of Psychiatry, University College of London, London, UK.
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11
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Lancaster K, Venkatesan UM, Lengenfelder J, Genova HM. Default Mode Network Connectivity Predicts Emotion Recognition and Social Integration After Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2019; 10:825. [PMID: 31447760 PMCID: PMC6696510 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) may result in difficulty with emotion recognition, which has negative implications for social functioning. As aspects of social cognition have been linked to resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in the default mode network (DMN), we sought to determine whether DMN connectivity strength predicts emotion recognition and level of social integration in TBI. To this end, we examined emotion recognition ability of 21 individuals with TBI and 27 healthy controls in relation to RSFC between DMN regions. Across all participants, decreased emotion recognition ability was related to increased connectivity between dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and temporal regions (temporal pole and parahippocampal gyrus). Furthermore, within the TBI group, connectivity between dmPFC and parahippocampal gyrus predicted level of social integration on the Community Integration Questionnaire, an important index of post-injury social functioning in TBI. This finding was not explained by emotion recognition ability, indicating that DMN connectivity predicts social functioning independent of emotion recognition. These results advance our understanding of the neural underpinnings of emotional and social processes in both healthy and injured brains, and suggest that RSFC may be an important marker of social outcomes in individuals with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Lancaster
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | | | - Jean Lengenfelder
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Helen M Genova
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
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12
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Saffarian A, Shavaki YA, Shahidi GA, Jafari Z. Effect of Parkinson Disease on Emotion Perception Using the Persian Affective Voices Test. J Voice 2019; 33:580.e1-580.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Mitrovic M, Ristic M, Dimitrijevic B, Hadzi Pesic M. Facial Emotion Recognition and Persecutory Ideation in Paranoid Schizophrenia. Psychol Rep 2019; 123:1099-1116. [PMID: 31092137 DOI: 10.1177/0033294119849016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of facial signals has a crucial role in social interaction. It is well known that people suffering from paranoid schizophrenia have problems in the social domain, predominantly related to misinterpreting the intentions, emotions, and actions of others. The aim of this study was to examine whether there are differences in facial emotion recognition between people with paranoid schizophrenia and healthy controls. In addition, we examined the correlation between facial emotion recognition and the expression of persecutory ideation in people suffering from paranoid schizophrenia. The study involved 60 participants, 30 of whom suffered from paranoid schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls, equalized by gender, age, and education. The following instruments were used: Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion and Neutral Faces and the Persecutory Ideation Questionnaire. Compared with the controls, people suffering from paranoid schizophrenia were significantly less accurate in recognizing the following emotions: surprise, contempt, sadness, disgust, and emotionally neutral faces. Since the attribution of emotions to emotionally neutral faces is an important finding that could be linked with the social (dis)functionality of people suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, we analyzed and compared the wrong answers given by the two groups and found some differences between them. The results show that persecutory ideation has a statistically significant negative correlation with the successful recognition of emotionally neutral faces. All of the findings lead to the conclusion that paranoid schizophrenia, and within it the existence of persecutory ideation, leads to problems in recognizing the basic facial signals that form the foundation of everyday social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milica Ristic
- Pedagogical Faculty in Vranje, University of Nis, Serbia
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Cho M, Jang SJ. Effect of an emotion management programme for patients with schizophrenia: A quasi-experimental design. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2019; 28:592-604. [PMID: 30585413 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the goals of psychiatric social rehabilitation treatment is to improve patients' emotion recognition, emotional expression, and empathetic abilities. In this study, we used a quasi-experimental, nonrandomized design to examine the effect of an emotion management programme on the emotion recognition (emotion attention and emotion clarity), emotional expression (positive expressivity, negative expressivity, and impulse strength), and quality of life (QoL) of a sample of patients with schizophrenia in South Korea. Over eight sessions, we collected data from 56 patients with schizophrenia registered in community mental rehabilitation facilities. After attending the emotion management programme, the emotion recognition, emotional expression, and QoL scores of the experimental group were found to have significantly increased, whereas those of the control group had significantly decreased. Therefore, our findings show that emotion management programmes can be used as nursing interventions to improve the QoL of people with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Cho
- Graduate School of Advanced Nursing Practice, Eulji University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun Joo Jang
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Differences in Facial Emotional Recognition Between Patients With the First-Episode Psychosis, Multi-episode Schizophrenia, and Healthy Controls. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2019; 25:165-173. [PMID: 30466500 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617718001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to assess the differences in facial emotional recognition (FER) between patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), patients with multi-episode schizophrenia (SCH), and healthy controls (HC) and to find possible correlations of FER with psychopathology in the two patient groups. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study enrolling 160 patients from two psychiatric hospitals in Croatia (80 FEP and 80 SCH) and 80 HC during the period from October 2015 until October 2017. Patients were assessed once during their hospital treatment, using the Penn Emotion Recognition Task for assessment of FER, rating scales for psychopathology and depression and self-reporting questionnaires for impulsiveness, aggression, and quality of life. RESULTS The number of correctly identified emotions significantly decreased from HC to FEP [Δ -7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) [-12% to -3%], effect size r = 0.30] and more markedly in SCH (Δ -15%; 95% CI [-25% to -10%], effect size r = 0.59) after the adjustment for age and gender and correction for multiple testing. Correct FER for negative emotions, but not for happiness and neutral emotions, had a statistically significant negative correlation with some features on the scales of psychopathology, impulsivity and aggression in both patient groups. CONCLUSIONS Impairment of FER is present from the first episode of schizophrenia and increases further with multiple psychotic episodes, but it may depend on or contribute to clinical symptoms. Therefore, assessment of FER should be included in the clinical assessment and integrated in the plan of treatment from the beginning of the illness. (JINS, 2019, 25, 165-173).
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Kristof Z, Kresznerits S, Olah M, Gyollai A, Lukacs-Miszler K, Halmai T, Fountoulakis KN, Tenyi T, Dome P, Gonda X. Mentalization and empathy as predictors of violence in schizophrenic patients: Comparison with nonviolent schizophrenic patients, violent controls and nonviolent controls. Psychiatry Res 2018; 268:198-205. [PMID: 30048885 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There are conflicting results concerning risk of violence in schizophrenia. Empathy and mentalization deficits are associated both with schizophrenia and violence, however, there are only a few studies with equivocal results concerning their relationship. 88 violent and nonviolent paranoid schizophrenic and violent and nonviolent control males in psychiatric, forensic psychiatric and correctional institutions completed the Ekman 60 Faces test, Faux Pas Recognition Test, Eysenck IVE test, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and the Spielberger Anger Expression Scale. Data were analysed with ANOVA and logistic regression models. Significant group differences with a characteristic pattern were detected in mentalization, facial affect recognition, fear and anger recognition, interpersonal distress, and frequency of direction of anger expression. Predictors of violent behaviour were different in the schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic groups. Lack of major differences in empathy and mentalization between violent and nonviolent schizophrenia patients suggests that such deficits are core features of schizophrenia but do not determine emerging violence in this illness. Our results emphasise the importance of distinguishing between violence related to core positive symptoms of schizophrenia and that emerging from independent comorbid antisocial personality traits in order to identify targets for screening, detection, prevention and management of violence risk in different subpopulations of schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuliet Kristof
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Mate Olah
- University Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Administration, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agoston Gyollai
- Forensic Psychiatric and Mental Institution, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Konstantinos N Fountoulakis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Tamas Tenyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Peter Dome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Vlad M, Raucher-Chéné D, Henry A, Kaladjian A. Functional outcome and social cognition in bipolar disorder: Is there a connection? Eur Psychiatry 2018; 52:116-125. [PMID: 29787961 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in social cognition in bipolar disorder (BD) has increased considerably over the past decade, with studies highlighting major impairments, especially in mental state reasoning, even during euthymia. A causal relationship between social cognition deficits and social functioning has already been established in individuals with schizophrenia, but there is still little information about links between social cognition and social functioning in BD. Our aim was therefore to review the relationship between functional outcome and social cognition in patients with BD. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature. Relevant articles were identified through literature searches in the MEDLINE/PubMed, EBSCOHost and Google Scholar databases for the years 2000-2017, using the keywords bipolar, social cognition, theory of mind, mentalizing, emotion recognition, emotion processing, and functioning. A total of 20 studies met our inclusion/exclusion criteria. RESULTS We found that functioning was significantly correlated with three domains of social cognition (ToM, emotion processing, and attribution bias). Twelve of 13 studies reported a correlation with emotion processing, but a correlation with ToM was only found in three of the 11 studies that assessed it. Six studies found an effect of depressive symptoms on emotion processing and no significant association was found with manic symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, the present review is the first to specifically explore the relationship between social cognition and social functioning in patients with BD. This exploration is of interest, as it enhances current understanding of this disorder and, by so doing, should improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vlad
- Psychiatry Department, University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Delphine Raucher-Chéné
- Psychiatry Department, University Hospital, Reims, France; Cognition, Health & Society (C2S - EA 6291) Laboratory, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
| | - Audrey Henry
- Psychiatry Department, University Hospital, Reims, France; Cognition, Health & Society (C2S - EA 6291) Laboratory, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Arthur Kaladjian
- Psychiatry Department, University Hospital, Reims, France; Cognition, Health & Society (C2S - EA 6291) Laboratory, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France; Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Yildirim E, Yalinçetin B, Sevilmiş Ş, Kutay Ö, Alptekin K. Is There Any Relation Between Impaired Emotion Perception and Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 55:118-122. [PMID: 30057451 DOI: 10.5152/npa.2017.19277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Many patients with schizophrenia demonstrate an impaired recognition of emotions as well as thought disorder. However, there may be a correlation between these core impairment domains of schizophrenia. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the perception of emotion and thought disturbance in schizophrenia. Methods The sample consisted of 53 patients with schizophrenia and 38 healthy controls. The Emotions Battery of the University of Pennsylvania Computerised Neuropsychological Test Battery (PennCNP) and the Thought Language Index (TLI) were used to examine the association of the perception of emotion and thought disorders. Results Statistical analyses revealed that patients with schizophrenia had poor performance on the recognition of happy, sad, fear, anger, and neutral facial emotion expressions compared to controls. Severity of negative and disorganisation symptoms in schizophrenia patients was found to be related to negative emotions (fear, anger, etc.). Moreover, results revealed that disorganised thoughts are related to misidentification of positive emotions (happy). Conclusions Our results suggested that emotion perception disturbances could be associated with disorganised thought in schizophrenia. Impaired recognition and misinterpretation of positive emotions may contribute to the occurrence of disorganised thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Yildirim
- Department of Neuroscience, İstanbul University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Berna Yalinçetin
- Department of Neuroscience, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Şilay Sevilmiş
- Department of Neuroscience, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Özge Kutay
- Department of Neuroscience, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Köksal Alptekin
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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Hasson-Ohayon I, Mashiach-Eizenberg M, Arnon-Ribenfeld N, Kravetz S, Roe D. Neuro-cognition and social cognition elements of social functioning and social quality of life. Psychiatry Res 2017; 258:538-543. [PMID: 28916297 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that deficits in social cognition mediate the association between neuro-cognition and functional outcome. Based on these findings, the current study presents an examination of the mediating role of social cognition and includes two different outcomes: social functioning assessed by objective observer and social quality of life assessed by subjective self-report. Instruments measuring different aspects of social cognition, cognitive ability, social functioning and social quality of life were administered to 131 participants who had a diagnosis of a serious mental illness. Results showed that emotion recognition and attributional bias were significant mediators such that cognitive assessment was positively related to both, which in turn, were negatively related to SQoL. While one interpretation of the data suggests that deficits in emotion recognition may serve as a possible defense mechanism, future studies should re-assess this idea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shlomo Kravetz
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - David Roe
- Department of Community Mental Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Bordon N, O'Rourke S, Hutton P. The feasibility and clinical benefits of improving facial affect recognition impairments in schizophrenia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2017; 188:3-12. [PMID: 28095998 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People diagnosed with schizophrenia have significant difficulty accurately recognising emotions expressed by others. This may generate anomalous experiences which, if misinterpreted, could contribute to experiences of social defeat, psychotic symptoms and reduced social functioning. It remains unclear whether this impairment is responsive to non-pharmacological intervention, or what the effect of modifying it is. METHODS We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether and to what extent facial affect recognition impairments can be improved by psychological intervention and, if so, whether this leads to improvements in psychotic symptoms and social functioning. RESULTS A total of 8 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) consisting of 300 participants were included. Focused yet brief psychological interventions led to very large improvements in facial affect recognition ability in psychosis [k=8, N=300, g=1.26, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.92, 1.60, I2 41%]. Early evidence suggests this may cause large improvements in social functioning (k=3, N=109, g=0.98, 95% CI 0.37, 1.36, I2 38%), but not psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Facial affect recognition difficulties in schizophrenia are highly responsive to psychological interventions designed to improve them, and there is early evidence that this may lead to large gains in social functioning for this group - but not symptoms. A large-scale high-quality RCT with longer-term follow-up period is now required to overcome the limitations of the existing evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Bordon
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The State Hospital, Carstairs, Lanarkshire, UK
| | - Suzanne O'Rourke
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The State Hospital, Carstairs, Lanarkshire, UK; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, Doorway 6, Medical School Quad, Teviot Place, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Hutton
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK.
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The Change in Facial Emotion Recognition Ability in Inpatients with Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia After Electroconvulsive Therapy. Psychiatr Q 2017; 88:535-543. [PMID: 27663585 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-016-9466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
People with schizophrenia have impairments in emotion recognition along with other social cognitive deficits. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the immediate benefits of ECT on facial emotion recognition ability. Thirty-two treatment resistant patients with schizophrenia who have been indicated for ECT enrolled in the study. Facial emotion stimuli were a set of 56 photographs that depicted seven basic emotions: sadness, anger, happiness, disgust, surprise, fear, and neutral faces. The average age of the participants was 33.4 ± 10.5 years. The rate of recognizing the disgusted facial expression increased significantly after ECT (p < 0.05) and no significant changes were found in the rest of the facial expressions (p > 0.05). After the ECT, the time period of responding to the fear and happy facial expressions were significantly shorter (p < 0.05). Facial emotion recognition ability is an important social cognitive skill for social harmony, proper relation and living independently. At least, the ECT sessions do not seem to affect facial emotion recognition ability negatively and seem to improve identifying disgusted facial emotion which is related with dopamine enriched regions in brain.
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Kim DW, Lee SH, Shim M, Im CH. Estimation of Symptom Severity Scores for Patients with Schizophrenia Using ERP Source Activations during a Facial Affect Discrimination Task. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:436. [PMID: 28824360 PMCID: PMC5540885 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise diagnosis of psychiatric diseases and a comprehensive assessment of a patient's symptom severity are important in order to establish a successful treatment strategy for each patient. Although great efforts have been devoted to searching for diagnostic biomarkers of schizophrenia over the past several decades, no study has yet investigated how accurately these biomarkers are able to estimate an individual patient's symptom severity. In this study, we applied electrophysiological biomarkers obtained from electroencephalography (EEG) analyses to an estimation of symptom severity scores of patients with schizophrenia. EEG signals were recorded from 23 patients while they performed a facial affect discrimination task. Based on the source current density analysis results, we extracted voxels that showed a strong correlation between source activity and symptom scores. We then built a prediction model to estimate the symptom severity scores of each patient using the source activations of the selected voxels. The symptom scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were estimated using the linear prediction model. The results of leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) showed that the mean errors of the estimated symptom scores were 3.34 ± 2.40 and 3.90 ± 3.01 for the Positive and Negative PANSS scores, respectively. The current pilot study is the first attempt to estimate symptom severity scores in schizophrenia using quantitative EEG features. It is expected that the present method can be extended to other cognitive paradigms or other psychological illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National UniversityYeosu, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Psychiatry Department, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje UniversityGoyang, South Korea
| | - Miseon Shim
- Psychiatry Department, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje UniversityGoyang, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Im
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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Sabharwal A, Kotov R, Szekely A, Leung HC, Barch DM, Mohanty A. Neural markers of emotional face perception across psychotic disorders and general population. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 126:663-678. [PMID: 28557508 PMCID: PMC5695570 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable variation in negative and positive symptoms of psychosis, global functioning, and emotional face perception (EFP), not only in schizophrenia but also in other psychotic disorders and healthy individuals. However, EFP impairment and its association with worse symptoms and global functioning have been examined largely in the domain of schizophrenia. The present study adopted a dimensional approach to examine the association of behavioral and neural measures of EFP with symptoms of psychosis and global functioning across individuals with schizophrenia spectrum (SZ; N = 28) and other psychotic (OP; N = 29) disorders, and never-psychotic participants (NP; N = 21). Behavioral and functional MRI data were recorded as participants matched emotional expressions of faces and geometrical shapes. Lower accuracy and increased activity in early visual regions, hippocampus, and amygdala during emotion versus shape matching were associated with higher negative, but not positive, symptoms and lower global functioning, across all participants. This association remained even after controlling for group-related (SZ, OP, and NP) variance, dysphoria, and antipsychotic medication status, except in amygdala. Furthermore, negative symptoms mediated the relationship between behavioral and brain EFP measures and global functioning. This study provides some of the first evidence supporting the specific relationship of EFP measures with negative symptoms and global functioning across psychotic and never-psychotic samples, and transdiagnostically across different psychotic disorders. Present findings help bridge the gap between basic EFP-related neuroscience research and clinical research in psychosis, and highlight EFP as a potential symptom-specific marker that tracks global functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University
| | - Akos Szekely
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University
| | | | - Deanna M. Barch
- Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis
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Bilgi MM, Taspinar S, Aksoy B, Oguz K, Coburn K, Gonul AS. The relationship between childhood trauma, emotion recognition, and irritability in schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry Res 2017; 251:90-96. [PMID: 28192770 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between childhood trauma, irritability, and emotion recognition, in schizophrenia patients during a psychotic break. Thirty-six schizophrenia inpatients and 36 healthy controls were assessed with the Irritability Questionnaire (IRQ) and two facial emotion recognition tasks, the Emotion Discrimination Test (EDT) and Emotion Identification Test (EIT). Patients were further assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM III-R Axis II Disorders (SCID-II), the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 (CTQ-28). EDT and EIT performance was significantly impaired in patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, patients tended to misidentify sad, surprised, or angry faces as showing fear, and this misidentification correlated with the patients' irritability. Childhood adversity increased irritability both directly and indirectly through emotion misidentification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Melih Bilgi
- SoCAT Neuroscience Research Group, Izmir Bozyaka Research and Education Hospital, Karabaglar State Clinics, 4025 Sok., Yunus Emre Mah., Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Seval Taspinar
- SoCAT Neuroscience Research Group, Siirt State Hospital, Yenimahalle Gures Cad. Siirt, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Aksoy
- SoCAT Neuroscience Research Group, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Kaya Oguz
- SoCAT Neuroscience Research Group, Ege University, International Computer Institute, Information Technologies, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Kerry Coburn
- Mercer University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, 655 First Street Macon, GA, USA.
| | - Ali Saffet Gonul
- Mercer University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, 655 First Street Macon, GA, USA; SoCAT Neuroscience Research Group, Ege School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Turkey.
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Beyond emotion recognition deficits: A theory guided analysis of emotion processing in Huntington’s disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 73:276-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Herniman SE, Allott KA, Killackey E, Hester R, Cotton SM. The effect of comorbid depression on facial and prosody emotion recognition in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum. J Affect Disord 2017; 208:223-229. [PMID: 27792967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbid depression is common in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum (FES) disorders. Both depression and FES are associated with significant deficits in facial and prosody emotion recognition performance. However, it remains unclear whether people with FES and comorbid depression, compared to those without comorbid depression, have overall poorer emotion recognition, or instead, a different pattern of emotion recognition deficits. The aim of this study was to compare facial and prosody emotion recognition performance between those with and without comorbid depression in FES. METHODS This study involved secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of vocational intervention for young people with first-episode psychosis (N=82; age range: 15-25 years). RESULTS Those with comorbid depression (n=24) had more accurate recognition of sadness in faces compared to those without comorbid depression. Severity of depressive symptoms was also associated with more accurate recognition of sadness in faces. Such results did not recur for prosody emotion recognition. LIMITATIONS In addition to the cross-sectional design, limitations of this study include the absence of facial and prosodic recognition of neutral emotions. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate a mood congruent negative bias in facial emotion recognition in those with comorbid depression and FES, and provide support for cognitive theories of depression that emphasise the role of such biases in the development and maintenance of depression. Longitudinal research is needed to determine whether mood-congruent negative biases are implicated in the development and maintenance of depression in FES, or whether such biases are simply markers of depressed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Herniman
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kelly A Allott
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eóin Killackey
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert Hester
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sue M Cotton
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Helt MS, Fein DA. Facial Feedback and Social Input: Effects on Laughter and Enjoyment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2016; 46:83-94. [PMID: 26254892 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Both social input and facial feedback appear to be processed differently by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We tested the effects of both of these types of input on laughter in children with ASD. Sensitivity to facial feedback was tested in 43 children with ASD, aged 8-14 years, and 43 typically developing children matched for mental age (6-14), in order to examine whether children with ASD use bodily feedback as an implicit source of information. Specifically, children were asked to view cartoons as they normally would (control condition), and while holding a pencil in their mouth forcing their smiling muscles into activation (feedback condition) while rating their enjoyment of the cartoons. The authors also explored the effects of social input in children with ASD by investigating whether the presence of a caregiver or friend (companion condition), or the presence of a laugh track superimposed upon the cartoon (laugh track condition) increased the children's self-rated enjoyment of cartoons or the amount of positive affect they displayed. Results showed that the group with ASD was less affected by all three experimental conditions, but also that group differences seemed to have been driven by one specific symptom of ASD: restricted range of affect. The strong relationship between restricted affect and insensitivity to facial feedback found in this study sheds light on the implications of restricted affect for social development in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly S Helt
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychology, Trinity College, 300 Summit St., Hartford, CT, 06106, USA.
| | - Deborah A Fein
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA
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Feingold D, Hasson-Ohayon I, Laukka P, Vishne T, Dembinsky Y, Kravets S. Emotion recognition deficits among persons with schizophrenia: Beyond stimulus complexity level and presentation modality. Psychiatry Res 2016; 240:60-65. [PMID: 27085665 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that persons with schizophrenia have lower accuracy in emotion recognition compared to persons without schizophrenia. However, the impact of the complexity level of the stimuli or the modality of presentation has not been extensively addressed. Forty three persons with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 43 healthy controls, matched for age and gender, were administered tests assessing emotion recognition from stimuli with low and high levels of complexity presented via visual, auditory and semantic channels. For both groups, recognition rates were higher for high-complexity stimuli compared to low-complexity stimuli. Additionally, both groups obtained higher recognition rates for visual and semantic stimuli than for auditory stimuli, but persons with schizophrenia obtained lower accuracy than persons in the control group for all presentation modalities. Persons diagnosed with schizophrenia did not present a level of complexity specific deficit or modality-specific deficit compared to healthy controls. Results suggest that emotion recognition deficits in schizophrenia are beyond level of complexity of stimuli and modality, and present a global difficulty in cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Feingold
- Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | | | - Petri Laukka
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Social Sciences, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Yael Dembinsky
- Psychiatry Department, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomo Kravets
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Genova HM, Genualdi A, Goverover Y, Chiaravalloti ND, Marino C, Lengenfelder J. An investigation of the impact of facial affect recognition impairments in moderate to severe TBI on fatigue, depression, and quality of life. Soc Neurosci 2016; 12:303-307. [DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2016.1173584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Yang C, Zhang T, Li Z, Heeramun-Aubeeluck A, Liu N, Huang N, Zhang J, He L, Li H, Tang Y, Chen F, Liu F, Wang J, Lu Z. The relationship between facial emotion recognition and executive functions in first-episode patients with schizophrenia and their siblings. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:241. [PMID: 26449211 PMCID: PMC4599651 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies have examined executive functions and facial emotion recognition in people with schizophrenia, few of them focused on the correlation between them. Furthermore, their relationship in the siblings of patients also remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to examine the correlation between executive functions and facial emotion recognition in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and their siblings. METHODS Thirty patients with first-episode schizophrenia, their twenty-six siblings, and thirty healthy controls were enrolled. They completed facial emotion recognition tasks using the Ekman Standard Faces Database, and executive functioning was measured by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Hierarchical regression analysis was applied to assess the correlation between executive functions and facial emotion recognition. RESULTS Our study found that in siblings, the accuracy in recognizing low degree 'disgust' emotion was negatively correlated with the total correct rate in WCST (r = -0.614, p = 0.023), but was positively correlated with the total error in WCST (r = 0.623, p = 0.020); the accuracy in recognizing 'neutral' emotion was positively correlated with the total error rate in WCST (r = 0.683, p = 0.014) while negatively correlated with the total correct rate in WCST (r = -0.677, p = 0.017). People with schizophrenia showed an impairment in facial emotion recognition when identifying moderate 'happy' facial emotion, the accuracy of which was significantly correlated with the number of completed categories of WCST (R(2) = 0.432, P < .05). There were no correlations between executive functions and facial emotion recognition in the healthy control group. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that facial emotion recognition impairment correlated with executive function impairment in people with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings but not in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqing Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Anisha Heeramun-Aubeeluck
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Leiying He
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yingying Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Fazhan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Jijun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zheng Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China.
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Quintero C, García Valencia J, Muñoz C, Rangel A, Palacio C, Ospina-Duque J, Arango-Viana JC, Aguirre-Acevedo D, Ocampo MV, Valencia AV, Jaramillo L, Sánchez R, Rodríguez-Lozada J. Sensibilidad en el Reconocimiento de Emociones Faciales Como Endofenotipo de Esquizofrenia. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2015. [DOI: 10.15446/rcp.v24n1.41738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">Los endofenotipos son rasgos presentes antes de la aparición de un trastorno y podrían ser útiles para identificar genes de susceptibilidad. Se determinó si personas con esquizofrenia y sus familiares de primer grado no afectados tenían un desempeño menor que los controles en la Tarea de Multitransformación de Expresión Emocional, que mide reconocimiento de emociones faciales. Las personas con esquizofrenia y sus familiares mostraron menor sensibilidad o requirieron más intensidad para identificar emociones que los controles. La exactitud para identificar emociones fue similar entre familiares y controles, pero menor en aquellos con esquizofrenia. Esto sugiere que la sensibilidad para el reconocimiento de emociones faciales es un endofenotipo de la esquizofrenia.</p>
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Facial emotion recognition deficits in abstinent cannabis dependent patients. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 58:160-4. [PMID: 25550274 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis is clearly the most popular illicit drug in North America, Europe and in other parts of the world. Evidence is accumulating for the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in emotional processing. However, only few studies examined emotional processing in chronic, heavy cannabis users and these studies were performed in cannabis dependent patients who were abstinent for 12-48 hours. The aim of this study was to investigate facial emotion identification and discrimination abilities in patients with cannabis dependence who were abstinent for at least 1 month. METHODS The study included 30 males with cannabis dependency according to DSM-IV criteria and who had been abstinent for at least 1 month and 30 healthy controls. All the subjects were evaluated with Facial Emotion Identification Test (FEIT) and Facial Emotion Discrimination Test (FEDT). RESULTS The main finding of this study was the presence of deficits in both identification and discrimination of facial emotions in cannabis dependent patients during abstinence. In addition, when we examined negative and positive emotions separately, we found out that abstinent cannabis dependent patients performed significantly worse than controls in the identification of negative emotions but not positive emotions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that facial emotion recognition deficits which have previously been observed in current cannabis users are still detectable in abstinent cannabis dependent patients and do not improve quickly with abstinence (an average of 3.2 months).
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Maat A, van Montfort SJT, de Nijs J, Derks EM, Kahn RS, Linszen DH, van Os J, Wiersma D, Bruggeman R, Cahn W, de Haan L, Krabbendam L, Myin-Germeys I. Emotion processing in schizophrenia is state and trait dependent. Schizophr Res 2015; 161:392-8. [PMID: 25543332 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence exists about emotion processing (EP) impairments in schizophrenia patients. However, whether these deficits are present primarily during psychosis (i.e., state dependent) or an integral part of the disorder (i.e., trait dependent) remains unclear. METHODS EP was assessed with the degraded facial affect recognition task in schizophrenia patients (N=521) and healthy controls (N=312) at baseline (T1) and after a three year follow-up (T2). In schizophrenia patients symptomatic remission was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) remission tool. Patients were divided into four groups: remission T1 and remission T2 (RR); remission T1 and non-remission T2 (RN); non-remission T1 and non-remission T2 (NN) and non-remission T1 and remission T2 (NR). Factorial repeated measures ANCOVA was used to compare EP performance over time between groups. Age, gender and general cognition were included as covariates. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients performed worse than healthy controls on EP at T1 (p=0.001). The patients that were in symptomatic remission at both time points (the RR group) performed worse than the healthy controls at T2 (p<0.001). Significant group×time interactions were found between RR and RN (p=0.001), and between NR and RN (p=0.04), indicating a differential EP performance over time. No group×time interaction was found between NN and NR. CONCLUSION The results show relatively poor EP performance in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls. EP performance in schizophrenia patients was associated with symptomatic remission. The results provide support for the hypothesis that EP deficits in schizophrenia are both state and trait dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arija Maat
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J T van Montfort
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Huispostnummer A 00.241, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica de Nijs
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Huispostnummer A 00.241, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eske M Derks
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Don H Linszen
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; King's College London, King's Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Durk Wiersma
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Bruggeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia Krabbendam
- South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Huang J, Tan SP, Walsh SC, Spriggens LK, Neumann DL, Shum DHK, Chan RCK. Working memory dysfunctions predict social problem solving skills in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:96-101. [PMID: 25110314 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine the contribution of neurocognition and social cognition to components of social problem solving. Sixty-seven inpatients with schizophrenia and 31 healthy controls were administrated batteries of neurocognitive tests, emotion perception tests, and the Chinese Assessment of Interpersonal Problem Solving Skills (CAIPSS). MANOVAs were conducted to investigate the domains in which patients with schizophrenia showed impairments. Correlations were used to determine which impaired domains were associated with social problem solving, and multiple regression analyses were conducted to compare the relative contribution of neurocognitive and social cognitive functioning to components of social problem solving. Compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia performed significantly worse in sustained attention, working memory, negative emotion, intention identification and all components of the CAIPSS. Specifically, sustained attention, working memory and negative emotion identification were found to correlate with social problem solving and 1-back accuracy significantly predicted the poor performance in social problem solving. Among the dysfunctions in schizophrenia, working memory contributed most to deficits in social problem solving in patients with schizophrenia. This finding provides support for targeting working memory in the development of future social problem solving rehabilitation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shu-ping Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sarah C Walsh
- Behavioural Basis of Health Research Program, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Lauren K Spriggens
- Behavioural Basis of Health Research Program, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - David L Neumann
- Behavioural Basis of Health Research Program, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - David H K Shum
- Behavioural Basis of Health Research Program, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Lysaker PH, Leonhardt BL, Brüne M, Buck KD, James A, Vohs J, Francis M, Hamm JA, Salvatore G, Ringer JM, Dimaggio G. Capacities for theory of mind, metacognition, and neurocognitive function are independently related to emotional recognition in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2014; 219:79-85. [PMID: 24863863 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While many with schizophrenia spectrum disorders experience difficulties understanding the feelings of others, little is known about the psychological antecedents of these deficits. To explore these issues we examined whether deficits in mental state decoding, mental state reasoning and metacognitive capacity predict performance on an emotion recognition task. Participants were 115 adults with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and 58 adults with substance use disorders but no history of a diagnosis of psychosis who completed the Eyes and Hinting Test. Metacognitive capacity was assessed using the Metacognitive Assessment Scale Abbreviated and emotion recognition was assessed using the Bell Lysaker Emotion Recognition Test. Results revealed that the schizophrenia patients performed more poorly than controls on tests of emotion recognition, mental state decoding, mental state reasoning and metacognition. Lesser capacities for mental state decoding, mental state reasoning and metacognition were all uniquely related emotion recognition within the schizophrenia group even after controlling for neurocognition and symptoms in a stepwise multiple regression. Results suggest that deficits in emotion recognition in schizophrenia may partly result from a combination of impairments in the ability to judge the cognitive and affective states of others and difficulties forming complex representations of self and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Lysaker
- Roudebush VA Medical Center (116H), 1481 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bethany L Leonhardt
- Roudebush VA Medical Center (116H), 1481 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin Brüne
- Research Department of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kelly D Buck
- Roudebush VA Medical Center (116H), 1481 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alison James
- Indiana State University, Department of Psychology, Terre Haute, IN, USA
| | - Jenifer Vohs
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, IU Psychotic Disorders Research Program, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael Francis
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Larue D. Carter Memorial Hospital, IU Psychotic Disorders Research Program, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jay A Hamm
- Midtown Community Mental Health Center/Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Jamie M Ringer
- Roudebush VA Medical Center (116H), 1481 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Popova P, Popov TG, Wienbruch C, Carolus AM, Miller GA, Rockstroh BS. Changing facial affect recognition in schizophrenia: effects of training on brain dynamics. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2014; 6:156-65. [PMID: 25379427 PMCID: PMC4215531 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in social cognition including facial affect recognition and their detrimental effects on functional outcome are well established in schizophrenia. Structured training can have substantial effects on social cognitive measures including facial affect recognition. Elucidating training effects on cortical mechanisms involved in facial affect recognition may identify causes of dysfunctional facial affect recognition in schizophrenia and foster remediation strategies. In the present study, 57 schizophrenia patients were randomly assigned to (a) computer-based facial affect training that focused on affect discrimination and working memory in 20 daily 1-hour sessions, (b) similarly intense, targeted cognitive training on auditory-verbal discrimination and working memory, or (c) treatment as usual. Neuromagnetic activity was measured before and after training during a dynamic facial affect recognition task (5 s videos showing human faces gradually changing from neutral to fear or to happy expressions). Effects on 10–13 Hz (alpha) power during the transition from neutral to emotional expressions were assessed via MEG based on previous findings that alpha power increase is related to facial affect recognition and is smaller in schizophrenia than in healthy subjects. Targeted affect training improved overt performance on the training tasks. Moreover, alpha power increase during the dynamic facial affect recognition task was larger after affect training than after treatment-as-usual, though similar to that after targeted perceptual–cognitive training, indicating somewhat nonspecific benefits. Alpha power modulation was unrelated to general neuropsychological test performance, which improved in all groups. Results suggest that specific neural processes supporting facial affect recognition, evident in oscillatory phenomena, are modifiable. This should be considered when developing remediation strategies targeting social cognition in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petia Popova
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tzvetan G. Popov
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Corresponding author: Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, P.O. Box 905, Konstanz D-78457, Germany.
| | | | - Almut M. Carolus
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Gregory A. Miller
- Departments of Psychology & Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Hoertnagl CM, Yalcin-Siedentopf N, Baumgartner S, Biedermann F, Deisenhammer EA, Hausmann A, Kaufmann A, Kemmler G, Mühlbacher M, Rauch AS, Fleischhacker WW, Hofer A. Affective prosody perception in symptomatically remitted patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res 2014; 158:100-4. [PMID: 25096540 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Affect perception has frequently been shown to be impaired in patients suffering from schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (BD), but it remains unclear whether these impairments exist during symptomatic remission and whether the two disorders differ from each other in this regard. Most previous studies have investigated facial affect recognition, but not the ability to decode mental states from emotional tone of voice, i.e. affective prosody perception (APP). Accordingly, the present study directly compared APP in symptomatically remitted patients with schizophrenia or BD and healthy control subjects and investigated its relationship with residual symptomatology in patients. Patients with schizophrenia and BD showed comparable APP impairments despite being symptomatically remitted. In comparison to healthy control subjects, overall APP deficits were found in BD but not in schizophrenia patients. Both patient groups were particularly impaired in the identification of anger and confounded it with neutral prosody. In addition, schizophrenia patients frequently confused sadness with happiness, anger, or fright. There was an inverse association between the degree of residual positive symptoms and the ability to correctly recognize happiness in schizophrenia patients. Overall, these data indicate that impairments in APP represent an enduring deficit and a trait marker of both schizophrenia and BD and that the level of impairment is comparable between disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Hoertnagl
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, General and Social Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nursen Yalcin-Siedentopf
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biological Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Baumgartner
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biological Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Falko Biedermann
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biological Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eberhard A Deisenhammer
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, General and Social Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Armand Hausmann
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, General and Social Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaufmann
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biological Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Kemmler
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, General and Social Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Moritz Mühlbacher
- Private Medical University of Salzburg, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ignaz Harrerstrasse 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna-Sophia Rauch
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biological Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang W Fleischhacker
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, General and Social Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biological Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Hofer
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biological Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Buck KD, McLeod HJ, Gumley A, Dimaggio G, Buck BE, Minor KS, James AV, Lysaker PH. Anhedonia in prolonged schizophrenia spectrum patients with relatively lower vs. higher levels of depression disorders: associations with deficits in social cognition and metacognition. Conscious Cogn 2014; 29:68-75. [PMID: 25123630 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study has sought to explore whether there are at least two subtypes of anhedonia in schizophrenia: one closely linked with depression and another that occurs in the absence of depression which is related to a general paucity of internal experience. Participants were 163 adults with schizophrenia who completed assessments of depression, anhedonia, executive functioning, positive and negative symptoms, social cognition and metacognition. A cluster analysis based on participants' depression and anhedonia symptom scores produced three groups: High Depression/High Anhedonia (n=52), Low Depression/Low Anhedonia (n=52), and Low Depression/High Anhedonia (n=59). An ANCOVA and post hoc comparisons controlling for positive and negative symptoms found that the Low Depression/High Anhedonia group had poorer metacognition and social cognition than other groups. These findings point to the possibility of a subtype of anhedonia in schizophrenia, one occurring in the relative lesser levels of depression, and tied to deficits in the ability to think about oneself and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D Buck
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Day Hospital 116H, 1481 West 10th St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hamish J McLeod
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew Gumley
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Benjamin E Buck
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kyle S Minor
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Paul H Lysaker
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Day Hospital 116H, 1481 West 10th St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Accurate perception of negative emotions predicts functional capacity in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2014; 216:6-11. [PMID: 24524947 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest facial affect perception (FAP) deficits in schizophrenia are linked to poorer social functioning. However, whether reduced functioning is associated with inaccurate perception of specific emotional valence or a global FAP impairment remains unclear. The present study examined whether impairment in the perception of specific emotional valences (positive, negative) and neutrality were uniquely associated with social functioning, using a multimodal social functioning battery. A sample of 59 individuals with schizophrenia and 41 controls completed a computerized FAP task, and measures of functional capacity, social competence, and social attainment. Participants also underwent neuropsychological testing and symptom assessment. Regression analyses revealed that only accurately perceiving negative emotions explained significant variance (7.9%) in functional capacity after accounting for neurocognitive function and symptoms. Partial correlations indicated that accurately perceiving anger, in particular, was positively correlated with functional capacity. FAP for positive, negative, or neutral emotions were not related to social competence or social attainment. Our findings were consistent with prior literature suggesting negative emotions are related to functional capacity in schizophrenia. Furthermore, the observed relationship between perceiving anger and performance of everyday living skills is novel and warrants further exploration.
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Yalcin-Siedentopf N, Hoertnagl CM, Biedermann F, Baumgartner S, Deisenhammer EA, Hausmann A, Kaufmann A, Kemmler G, Mühlbacher M, Rauch AS, Fleischhacker WW, Hofer A. Facial affect recognition in symptomatically remitted patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res 2014; 152:440-5. [PMID: 24361305 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD) have consistently been associated with deficits in facial affect recognition (FAR). These impairments have been related to various aspects of social competence and functioning and are relatively stable over time. However, individuals in remission may outperform patients experiencing an acute phase of the disorders. The present study directly contrasted FAR in symptomatically remitted patients with schizophrenia or BD and healthy volunteers and investigated its relationship with patients' outcomes. Compared to healthy control subjects, schizophrenia patients were impaired in the recognition of angry, disgusted, sad and happy facial expressions, while BD patients showed deficits only in the recognition of disgusted and happy facial expressions. When directly comparing the two patient groups individuals suffering from BD outperformed those with schizophrenia in the recognition of expressions depicting anger. There was no significant association between affect recognition abilities and symptomatic or psychosocial outcomes in schizophrenia patients. Among BD patients, relatively higher depression scores were associated with impairments in both the identification of happy faces and psychosocial functioning. Overall, our findings indicate that during periods of symptomatic remission the recognition of facial affect may be less impaired in patients with BD than in those suffering from schizophrenia. However, in the psychosocial context BD patients seem to be more sensitive to residual symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursen Yalcin-Siedentopf
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biological Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Christine M Hoertnagl
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, General and Social Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Falko Biedermann
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biological Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Baumgartner
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biological Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eberhard A Deisenhammer
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, General and Social Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Armand Hausmann
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, General and Social Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaufmann
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biological Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Kemmler
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, General and Social Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Moritz Mühlbacher
- Private Medical University Salzburg, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ignaz Harrerstrasse 79, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna-Sophia Rauch
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biological Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - W Wolfgang Fleischhacker
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biological Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, General and Social Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Hofer
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Biological Psychiatry Division, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Brown EC, Tas C, Can H, Esen-Danaci A, Brüne M. A closer look at the relationship between the subdomains of social functioning, social cognition and symptomatology in clinically stable patients with schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:25-32. [PMID: 24210952 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairments in social functioning commonly seen in schizophrenia are thought to be mediated by deficits in the domains of social cognition. Some previous research has explored how social cognitive skills and psychotic symptoms are associated with social functioning, however these associations are still under debate. The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between different domains of social cognition and psychotic symptomatology, and also to look at the relationships with individual subdomains of social functioning within a clinically stable schizophrenia population. 45 outpatients were recruited and symptoms were assessed with the PANSS, and measures of emotion processing, affective and cognitive theory of mind (ToM), mental state reasoning attributional biases, and social functioning were taken. A correlational analysis was performed with the data. Following this, a regression analysis was used to reveal which domains of social cognition best predicted psychotic symptoms. In this stable group of patients, our results support the suggestion of a likely distinction between affective and cognitive components of ToM. The study also demonstrated that ToM and mental state reasoning were the best predictors of psychotic symptoms. Here we reveal that cognitive ToM had the most widespread relationship with social functioning, across multiple subdomains, while only some specific subdomains of social functioning correlated with other domains of social cognition and symptomatology. Further to this, positive symptoms were associated with much fewer subdomains of social functioning than negative and general symptoms. These findings imply that different aspects of social functioning may be served by different domains of social cognition and symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Clayton Brown
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Centre, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Research Department of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
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Kim DW, Kim HS, Lee SH, Im CH. Positive and negative symptom scores are correlated with activation in different brain regions during facial emotion perception in schizophrenia patients: a voxel-based sLORETA source activity study. Schizophr Res 2013; 151:165-74. [PMID: 24268468 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most devastating of all mental illnesses, and has dimensional characteristics that include both positive and negative symptoms. One problem reported in schizophrenia patients is that they tend to show deficits in face emotion processing, on which negative symptoms are thought to have stronger influence. In this study, four event-related potential (ERP) components (P100, N170, N250, and P300) and their source activities were analyzed using EEG data acquired from 23 schizophrenia patients while they were presented with facial emotion picture stimuli. Correlations between positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores and source activations during facial emotion processing were calculated to identify the brain areas affected by symptom scores. Our analysis demonstrates that PANSS positive scores are negatively correlated with major areas of the left temporal lobule for early ERP components (P100, N170) and with the right middle frontal lobule for a later component (N250), which indicates that positive symptoms affect both early face processing and facial emotion processing. On the other hand, PANSS negative scores are negatively correlated with several clustered regions, including the left fusiform gyrus (at P100), most of which are not overlapped with regions showing correlations with PANSS positive scores. Our results suggest that positive and negative symptoms affect independent brain regions during facial emotion processing, which may help to explain the heterogeneous characteristics of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea; Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Brüne M, Tas C, Brown EC, Armgart C, Dimaggio G, Lysaker P. Metakognitive und sozial-kognitive Defizite bei Schizophrenien. Funktionelle Bedeutung und Behandlungsstrategien. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1024/1661-4747/a000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Die Gruppe der Schizophrenien umfasst heterogene psychopathologische Syndrome, die oft mit neurokognitiven Störungen und niedrigem psychosozialen Funktionsniveau assoziiert sind. Empirische Studien legen nahe, dass viele mit Schizophrenie assoziierte Symptome auf Störungen der sozialen Kognition bzw. metakognitive Störungen zurückgeführt werden können. Diese Konzepte beziehen sich auf die Fähigkeit, soziale Signale wahrnehmen und interpretieren, eigene und psychische Zustände Anderer reflektieren und dieses Wissen flexibel in sozialen Interaktionen und zur Problemlösung einsetzen zu können. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über sozial-kognitive und metakognitive Defizite bei Schizophrenien und wie über das Training dieser Kernkompetenzen das psychosoziale Funktionsniveau von Patienten mit Schizophrenie verbessert werden kann. Bei Schizophrenien sind soziale Kognition und Metakognition eng mit dem psychosozialen Funktionsniveau verbunden, zum Teil jedoch auch abhängig von neurokognitiven Fähigkeiten. Sozial-kognitives bzw. metakognitives Training kann zur Verbesserung des psychosozialen Funktionsniveaus beitragen, möglicherweise aber in Abhängigkeit vom Lernpotential und der Motivation der Patienten. Zukünftige Studien sollten untersuchen, welche Subtypen innerhalb des Schizophrenie-Spektrums am ehesten von sozial-kognitivem und metakognitivem Training profitieren können und welche Gruppen ggf. zusätzlich neurokognitives Training benötigen, um das psychosoziale Funktionsniveau zu verbessern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brüne
- LWL Universitätsklinikum Bochum, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Präventivmedizin, Forschungsabteilung für kognitive Neuropsychiatrie und psychiatrische Präventivmedizin, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - Cumhur Tas
- LWL Universitätsklinikum Bochum, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Präventivmedizin, Forschungsabteilung für kognitive Neuropsychiatrie und psychiatrische Präventivmedizin, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - Elliot C. Brown
- LWL Universitätsklinikum Bochum, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Präventivmedizin, Forschungsabteilung für kognitive Neuropsychiatrie und psychiatrische Präventivmedizin, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - Carina Armgart
- LWL Universitätsklinikum Bochum, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Präventivmedizin, Forschungsabteilung für kognitive Neuropsychiatrie und psychiatrische Präventivmedizin, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - Giancarlo Dimaggio
- Centre for Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy, Piazza dei Martiri di Belfiore, 4 00195, Rom, Italien
| | - Paul Lysaker
- Roudebush VA Medical Center and the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Drusch K, Lowe A, Fisahn K, Brinkmeyer J, Musso F, Mobascher A, Warbrick T, Shah J, Ohmann C, Winterer G, Wölwer W. Effects of nicotine on social cognition, social competence and self-reported stress in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 263:519-27. [PMID: 23081705 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-012-0377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
More than 80 % of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia are nicotine-dependent. Self-medication of cognitive deficits and an increased vulnerability to stress are discussed as promoting factors for the development of nicotine dependence. However, the effects of nicotine on social cognition and subjective stress responses in schizophrenia are largely unexplored. A 2 × 2-factorial design (drug × group) was used to investigate the effects of nicotine versus placebo in smoking schizophrenia patients and healthy controls after 24 h of abstinence from smoking. Participants performed a facial affect recognition task and a semi-standardized role-play task, after which social competence and self-reported stress during social interaction were assessed. Data analysis revealed no significant group differences in the facial affect recognition task. During social interaction, healthy controls showed more non-verbal expressions and a lower subjective stress level than schizophrenia patients. There were no significant effects of nicotine in terms of an enhanced recognition of facial affect, more expressive behaviour or reduced subjective stress during social interaction. While schizophrenia patients unexpectedly recognized facial affect not significantly worse than healthy controls, the observed group differences in subjective stress and non-verbal expression during social interaction in the role-play situation are in line with previous findings. Contrary to expectations derived from the self-medication hypothesis, nicotine showed no significant effects on the dependent variables, perhaps because of the dosage used and the delay between the administration of nicotine and the performance of the role-play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Drusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, LVR Klinikum Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Dynamics of alpha oscillations elucidate facial affect recognition in schizophrenia. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2013; 14:364-77. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-013-0194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fischer-Shofty M, Shamay-Tsoory SG, Levkovitz Y. Characterization of the effects of oxytocin on fear recognition in patients with schizophrenia and in healthy controls. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:127. [PMID: 23882178 PMCID: PMC3714571 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals who suffer from schizophrenia often show a marked deficit in recognition of emotional facial expressions, as part of broader impairment of social cognition. Research has shown that recognition of negative emotions, specifically fear recognition, is particularly impaired among patients with schizophrenia. Recently we reported that intranasal administration of OT (IN OT) increased the ability to correctly recognize fear in a group of healthy men. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of IN OT administration on fear recognition among patients with schizophrenia. Based on previous research, we also sought to examine a possible selective effect of OT dependent on baseline performance, hypothesizing that IN OT would have a greater enhancement effect on less proficient individuals. It was thus hypothesized that patients will show more improvement in fear recognition following the administration of IN OT as compared to controls. Sixty six participants (31 schizophrenia patients, 35 healthy controls) were enrolled in the current study. All participants received treatment of a single dose of 24 IU IN OT and an equivalent amount of placebo, 1 week apart. The participants' ability to accurately recognize fear and happiness was evaluated using a face morphing task. Overall, as a group, both patients and healthy control participants were more accurate in recognizing fearful facial expressions, but not happy faces, following IN OT administration, as compared to their performance following placebo. IN OT did not differentially affect emotion recognition in patients and healthy controls. Yet, the results indicated a selective effect for IN OT, in which the hormone improves fear recognition only among individuals whose baseline performance was below the median, regardless of their psychiatric status.
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Kumfor F, Piguet O. Emotion recognition in the dementias: brain correlates and patient implications. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt.13.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Changes in behavior, personality and the ability to interact in social situations have been reported to varying extents across dementia syndromes. Deficits in the ability to recognize emotion in others probably contribute to these socioemotional changes. This article reviews the patterns of emotion recognition impairments and their underlying brain correlates in four dementia syndromes: Alzheimer’s disease; frontotemporal dementia; Huntington’s disease; and progressive supranuclear palsy. Despite emotion recognition deficits being observed in all these patient groups, a limited understanding exists on how these deficits translate into everyday behavior. The adoption of ecologically valid tasks is likely to improve our understanding of these deficits in everyday settings, and will help to provide guidance for management strategies for patients and their carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Kumfor
- Neuroscience Research Australia, PO Box 1165, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition & its Disorders, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition & its Disorders, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, PO Box 1165, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
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Lin CH, Huang CL, Chang YC, Chen PW, Lin CY, Tsai GE, Lane HY. Clinical symptoms, mainly negative symptoms, mediate the influence of neurocognition and social cognition on functional outcome of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2013; 146:231-7. [PMID: 23478155 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional outcome of schizophrenia is affected by multiple factors such as cognitive function and clinical symptoms. The complex relationship among cognitive function (both neuro- and social-cognitions), clinical symptoms, and functional outcome remains unclear. The current study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine whether clinical symptoms mediate the relationship between cognitive function and functional outcome in a large cohort of patients with schizophrenia. METHOD Three hundred and two Han-Chinese patients with chronically stable schizophrenia received evaluation of cognitive function (using the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia [MATRICS] Consensus Cognitive Battery, including 7 domains covering neurocognition and social cognition), clinical symptoms (including positive, negative and depressive symptoms), and functional outcome as assessed by Global Assessment of Functioning Scale and Quality of Life Scale. RESULTS SEM identified clinical symptoms as a mediator between cognitive function (including all 7 domains of MATRICS) and functional outcome in schizophrenia. The relationship between cognitive function and functional outcome was significant in the basic model. In the mediation model, the link between cognitive function and functional outcome was mediated by clinical symptoms, mainly negative symptoms. CONCLUSION This study suggests that clinical symptoms, mainly negative symptoms, mediate the influence of neurocognition and social cognition on functional outcome of schizophrenia. Future studies should explore the impact on other functional outcomes in different ethnicities and various illness phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Efficacy of social cognition remediation programs targeting facial affect recognition deficits in schizophrenia: a review and consideration of high-risk samples and sex differences. Psychiatry Res 2013; 206:125-39. [PMID: 23375627 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients suffer from significant social functioning deficits. Social cognition, particularly facial affect recognition (FAR), is an important predictor of functional outcome. Recently, investigators developed numerous social cognition remediation programs targeting FAR deficits with the goal of improving social functioning and quality of life in schizophrenia patients. This article builds on Horan et al.'s (2008) comprehensive review and Kurtz and Richardson's (2012) meta-analysis of a broad range of social cognition remediations, by systematically reviewing efficacy of empirically based remediations in schizophrenia specifically targeting FAR (across 23 studies), and their potential functional benefits. We describe each FAR-based social cognition remediation program, which may aid clinical scientists and clinicians in selecting programs for further study and practice. We critically evaluate limitations of FAR remediation programs and applications. Our review concludes FAR remediation programs are strongly efficacious in improving FAR performance and functional status in schizophrenia. Importantly, we provide rationale for and recommend that future research consider (as yet underexplored) sexual dimorphisms in FAR remediation effects, and examine FAR remediation in clinical high-risk for psychosis populations. The goal is to mitigate deficits, perhaps hinder illness onset, and individually tailor treatments across the psychosis continuum in a way that maximally aids those in greatest need.
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Wojakiewicz A, Januel D, Braha S, Prkachin K, Danziger N, Bouhassira D. Alteration of pain recognition in schizophrenia. Eur J Pain 2013; 17:1385-92. [PMID: 23529960 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia patients display impaired recognition of their own emotions and those of others and deficits in several domains of empathy. The first-person experience of pain and observing others in pain normally trigger strong emotional mechanisms. We therefore hypothesized that schizophrenia patients would display impaired recognition and categorization of both their own pain and the pain of others. METHODS We studied 29 patients (18 men/11 women; 36 ± 13 years old) with paranoid schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and 27 healthy volunteers (20 men/7 women; 31 ± 9 years old) matched for age, gender, IQ and socio-cultural level. We assessed symptom severity and theory of mind. The participants' ability to detect and categorize pain in others was assessed with the sensitivity to expressions of pain (STEP) test, which is based on facial expressions, and another dynamic test involving a series of video sequences showing various pain-inducing events. The ability of patients to evaluate their own pain was assessed with the situational pain questionnaire (SPQ), which includes a series of questions assessing how one would expect to feel in different imaginary situations. Empathic tendencies were assessed with the interpersonal reactivity index. RESULTS Patients and controls differed significantly in STEP, pain video and SPQ scores. By contrast with control subjects, the patients' pain judgements were not correlated with their affective or cognitive empathic capacities. CONCLUSIONS Schizophrenic patients have a deficit of the identification and categorization of pain both in themselves and in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wojakiewicz
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Neuilly sur Marne, France
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