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Maddala R, Eldawy C, Bachman W, Soderblom EJ, Rao PV. Glypican-4 regulated actin cytoskeletal reorganization in glucocorticoid treated trabecular meshwork cells and involvement of Wnt/PCP signaling. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:631-646. [PMID: 36727620 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A common adverse response to the clinical use of glucocorticoids (GCs) is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) which is a major risk factor for glaucoma. Elevated IOP arises due to impaired outflow of aqueous humor (AH) through the trabecular meshwork (TM). Although GC-induced changes in actin cytoskeletal dynamics, contractile characteristics, and cell adhesive interactions of TM cells are believed to influence AH outflow and IOP, the molecular mechanisms mediating changes in these cellular characteristics are poorly understood. Our studies focused on evaluating changes in the cytoskeletal and cytoskeletal-associated protein (cytoskeletome) profile of human TM cells treated with dexamethasone (Dex) using label-free mass spectrometric quantification, identified elevated levels of specific proteins known to regulate actin stress fiber formation, contraction, actin networks crosslinking, cell adhesion, and Wnt signaling, including LIMCH1, ArgBP2, CNN3, ITGBL1, CTGF, palladin, FAT1, DIAPH2, EPHA4, SIPA1L1, and GPC4. Several of these proteins colocalized with the actin cytoskeleton and underwent alterations in distribution profile in TM cells treated with Dex, and an inhibitor of Abl/Src kinases. Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) signaling agonists-Wnt5a and 5b were detected prominently in the cytoskeletome fraction of TM cells, and studies using siRNA to suppress expression of glypican-4 (GPC4), a known modulator of the Wnt/PCP pathway revealed that GPC4 deficiency impairs Dex induced actin stress fiber formation, and activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and Rho kinase. Additionally, while Dex augmented, GPC4 deficiency suppressed the formation of actin stress fibers in TM cells in the presence of Dex and Wnt5a. Taken together, these results identify the GPC4-dependent Wnt/PCP signaling pathway as one of the crucial upstream regulators of Dex induced actin cytoskeletal reorganization and cell adhesion in TM cells, opening an opportunity to target the GPC4/Wnt/PCP pathway for treatment of ocular hypertension in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupalatha Maddala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Camelia Eldawy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William Bachman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erik J Soderblom
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ponugoti V Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Bikuna‐Izagirre M, Aldazabal J, Extramiana L, Moreno‐Montañés J, Carnero E, Paredes J. Technological advances in ocular trabecular meshwork in vitro models for glaucoma research. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2698-2714. [PMID: 35836364 PMCID: PMC9543213 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the optic nerve. Intraocular pressure (IOP), which is considered to be the main risk factor for glaucoma development, builds up in response to the resistance (resistance to what?) provided by the trabecular meshwork (TM) to aqueous humor (AH) outflow. Although the TM and its relationship to AH outflow have remained at the forefront of scientific interest, researchers remain uncertain regarding which mechanisms drive the deterioration of the TM. Current tissue-engineering fabrication techniques have come up with promising approaches to successfully recreate the TM. Nonetheless, more accurate models are needed to understand the factors that make glaucoma arise. In this review, we provide a chronological evaluation of the technological milestones that have taken place in the field of glaucoma research, and we conduct a comprehensive comparison of available TM fabrication technologies. Additionally, we also discuss AH perfusion platforms, since they are essential for the validation of these scaffolds, as well as pressure-outflow relationship studies and the discovery of new IOP-reduction therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bikuna‐Izagirre
- Tecnun School of EngineeringUniversity of NavarraSan SebastiánSpain
- Biomedical Engineering CenterUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Javier Aldazabal
- Tecnun School of EngineeringUniversity of NavarraSan SebastiánSpain
- Biomedical Engineering CenterUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Leire Extramiana
- Departamento de oftalmología ClínicaClínica Universidad de NavarraPamplonaEspaña
| | | | - Elena Carnero
- Departamento de oftalmología ClínicaClínica Universidad de NavarraPamplonaEspaña
| | - Jacobo Paredes
- Tecnun School of EngineeringUniversity of NavarraSan SebastiánSpain
- Biomedical Engineering CenterUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
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3
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Rodrigo MJ, Garcia-Herranz D, Aragón-Navas A, Subias M, Martinez-Rincón T, Mendez-Martínez S, Cardiel MJ, García-Feijoo J, Ruberte J, Herrero-Vanrell R, Pablo L, Garcia-Martin E, Bravo-Osuna I. Long-term corticosteroid-induced chronic glaucoma model produced by intracameral injection of dexamethasone-loaded PLGA microspheres. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2427-2446. [PMID: 34763590 PMCID: PMC8592597 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1998245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate a new chronic glaucoma model produced by intracameral injection of dexamethasone-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres (Dex-PLGA-Ms) over six months. METHODS Healthy rats received two injections (at baseline and Week 4) of Dex-PLGA-Ms into the anterior chamber of the right eye. Clinical signs and intraocular pressure (IOP) were weekly recorded. The structure of the retina and optic nerve was in vivo evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT) every two weeks and functionally using dark- and light-adapted electroretinography at 0-12-24 weeks. Histological studies were also performed. RESULTS IOP progressively increased up to hypertension (23.22 ± 3.63 mmHg) in both eyes but did so later in left eyes. OCT quantified a decrease in full-thickness retina posterior pole (R), retinal-nerve-fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion-cell layer (GCL) thickness up to 24 weeks. Right eyes showed higher neuroretinal thickness loss up to week 8. RNFL experienced the highest percentage thickness loss at the inferior-superior axis, while in GCL the inner sectors of the horizontal axis (Nasal-Temporal) suffered the greatest decrease in thickness. Retinal ganglion cell, photoreceptor, and intermediate cell functionality decreased over time. Increased deposition of collagen IV was also found in zonular fibers and the ciliary body. CONCLUSIONS This work shows the usefulness of drug delivery systems, not to treat pathology but to induce it. Only two injections of Dex-PLGA-Ms in the anterior chamber of rat eyes were enough to progressively create ocular hypertension and subsequent functional and structural neuroretinal degeneration, at least over 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rodrigo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain.,National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Garcia-Herranz
- Complutense University of Madrid. Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Aragón-Navas
- Complutense University of Madrid. Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Subias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - T Martinez-Rincón
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - S Mendez-Martínez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), University of Zaragoza, Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M J Cardiel
- Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), University of Zaragoza, Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J García-Feijoo
- Complutense University of Madrid. Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415. National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain.,Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ruberte
- Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy Centre (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R Herrero-Vanrell
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Complutense University of Madrid. Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Pablo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), University of Zaragoza, Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - E Garcia-Martin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), University of Zaragoza, Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I Bravo-Osuna
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Complutense University of Madrid. Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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4
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Sudhalkar A, Bilgic A, Vasavada S, Kodjikian L, Mathis T, de Ribot FM, Papakostas T, Vasavada V, Vasavada V, Srivastava S, Bhojwani D, Ghia P, Sudhalkar A. Current intravitreal therapy and ocular hypertension: A review. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:236-243. [PMID: 33463565 PMCID: PMC7933876 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1028_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effect of commonly used intravitreal agents on immediate and long-term IOP elevations and their association, if any, with glaucoma. Literature searches in PubMed and the Cochrane databased in January 2020 yielded 407 individual articles. Of these, 87 were selected for review based on our inclusion criteria. Based on the evidence provided, 20 were assigned level I, 27 level II, and 22 level III. Eight articles were rejected because of poor quality, insufficient clarity, or irrelevance based on standardized protocols set out by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. The studies that reported on short-term IOP elevation (i.e., between 0 and 60 min) showed that an immediate increase in IOP is seen in all patients who receive anti-VEGF agents or triamcinolone acetonide when measured between 0 and 30 min of intravitreal injection and that the IOP elevation decreases over time. The data on long-term IOP elevation were mixed; Pretreatment with glaucoma medications, anterior chamber tap, vitreous reflux, longer intervals between injections, and longer axial lengths were associated with lower IOP elevations after injection of anti-VEGF agents, while the position of the implant vis-à-vis, the anterior chamber was important for steroid therapy. Data were mixed on the relationship between IOP increase and the type of intravitreal injection, number of intravitreal injections, preexisting glaucoma, and globe decompression before injection. There were no data on the onset or progression of glaucoma in the studies reviewed in this assessment. However, some studies demonstrated RNFL thinning in patients receiving chronic anti-VEGF therapy. Most, if not all, intravitreal agents cause ocular hypertension, both in the short term and long term. The functional consequences of these observations are not very clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sudhalkar
- Alphavision Augenzentrum, Bremerhaven, Germany; Raghudeep Eye Hospital, Ahmedabad; MS Sudhalkar Medical Research Foundation, Baroda, India
| | | | | | - Laurent Kodjikian
- Croix Rousse University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France; UMR-CNRS 5510 Matéis, Villeurbane, France, Universitat de Autonoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thibaud Mathis
- Croix Rousse University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France; UMR-CNRS 5510 Matéis, Villeurbane, France, Universitat de Autonoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pooja Ghia
- MS Sudhalkar Medical Research Foundation, Baroda, India
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5
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Li H, Bagué T, Kirschner A, Strat AN, Roberts H, Weisenthal RW, Patteson AE, Annabi N, Stamer WD, Ganapathy PS, Herberg S. A tissue-engineered human trabecular meshwork hydrogel for advanced glaucoma disease modeling. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108472. [PMID: 33516765 PMCID: PMC11097970 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell function and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling contribute to HTM stiffening in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Most current cellular HTM model systems do not sufficiently replicate the complex native three dimensional (3D) cell-ECM interface, limiting their use for investigating POAG pathology. Tissue-engineered hydrogels are ideally positioned to overcome shortcomings of current models. Here, we report a novel biomimetic HTM hydrogel and test its utility as a POAG disease model. HTM hydrogels were engineered by mixing normal donor-derived HTM cells with collagen type I, elastin-like polypeptide and hyaluronic acid, each containing photoactive functional groups, followed by UV crosslinking. Glaucomatous conditions were induced with dexamethasone (DEX), and effects of the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y27632 on cytoskeletal organization and tissue-level function, contingent on HTM cell-ECM interactions, were assessed. DEX exposure increased HTM hydrogel contractility, f-actin and alpha smooth muscle actin abundance and rearrangement, ECM remodeling, and fibronectin deposition - all contributing to HTM hydrogel condensation and stiffening consistent with glaucomatous HTM tissue behavior. Y27632 treatment produced precisely the opposite effects and attenuated the DEX-induced pathologic changes, resulting in HTM hydrogel relaxation and softening. For model validation, confirmed glaucomatous HTM (GTM) cells were encapsulated; GTM hydrogels showed increased contractility, fibronectin deposition, and stiffening vs. normal HTM hydrogels despite reduced GTM cell proliferation. We have developed a biomimetic HTM hydrogel model for detailed investigation of 3D cell-ECM interactions under normal and simulated glaucomatous conditions. Its bidirectional responsiveness to pharmacological challenge and rescue suggests promising potential to serve as screening platform for new POAG treatments with focus on HTM biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Tyler Bagué
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Alexander Kirschner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Ana N Strat
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Haven Roberts
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Robert W Weisenthal
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Alison E Patteson
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA; Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Preethi S Ganapathy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Samuel Herberg
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
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6
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Haribalaganesh R, Gowri Priya C, Sharmila R, Krishnadas S, Muthukkaruppan V, Willoughby CE, Senthilkumari S. Assessment of differential intraocular pressure response to dexamethasone treatment in perfusion cultured Indian cadaveric eyes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:605. [PMID: 33436790 PMCID: PMC7804010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to assess the differential intraocular pressure response (IOP) to dexamethasone (DEX) treatment at two dose levels (100 or 500 nM) in perfusion cultured Indian cadaveric eyes to investigate glucocorticoid (GC) responsiveness. In a human organ-cultured anterior segment (HOCAS) set-up, the eye pressure was monitored for every 24 h post DEX infusion (100 or 500 nM) or 0.1% ethanol treatment for 7 days after baseline stabilization. The expression of DEX-inducible proteins such as myocilin and fibronectin in HOCAS-TM tissues was assessed by immunostaining. Elevated IOP was observed in 6/16 eyes [Mean ± SEM (mΔIOP): 15.50 ± 1.96 mmHg; 37.5% responders] and 3/15 eyes (Mean ± SEM mΔIOP: 10 ± 0.84 mmHg; 20% responders) in 100 nM and 500 nM dose groups respectively. Elevated IOP in GC responder eyes was substantiated with a significant increase in myocilin (11.8-fold; p = 0.0002) and fibronectin (eightfold; p = 0.04) expression as compared to vehicle-treated eyes by immunofluorescence analysis. This is the first study reporting the GC responsiveness in Indian cadaveric eyes. The observed GC response rate was comparable with the previous studies and hence, this model will enable us to investigate the relationship between differential gene expression and individual GC responsiveness in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinarayanan Haribalaganesh
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, #1, Anna Nagar, Madurai, Tamilnadu, 625020, India
| | - Chidambaranathan Gowri Priya
- Department of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, #1, Anna Nagar, Madurai, 625020, India
| | | | - Subbaiah Krishnadas
- Glaucoma Clinic, Aravind Eye Hospital, #1, Anna Nagar, Madurai, 625020, India
| | - Veerappan Muthukkaruppan
- Department of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, #1, Anna Nagar, Madurai, 625020, India
| | - Colin E Willoughby
- Genomic Medicine Group, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Srinivasan Senthilkumari
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, #1, Anna Nagar, Madurai, Tamilnadu, 625020, India.
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7
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Arie Y, Miyai H, Suzuki A, Okabe T, Takashima M, Takata M, Kurasawa T, Ito M, Arakawa R, Ogura Y, Naito A. Comparative study on pharmacokinetics and toxicity of intravitreal and sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide in ocular tissues. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:1864-1871. [PMID: 33344183 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.12.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the differences in kinetics, distribution, and toxicity of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) between the injection methods, sub-Tenon and intravitreal injections in rabbit ocular tissues. METHODS TA was injected into the vitreous or the sub-Tenon in rabbits. For pharmacokinetic study, rabbits were sacrificed periodically and then TA in blood and ocular tissues (retina/choroids, vitreous, and aqueous humor) were measured over 91d. For toxicological study, clinical signs, slit-lamp microscopic examination, ophthalmological test were performed. The eyeballs and surrounding tissues were collected and fixed with glutaraldehyde-formalin solution, and then paraffin embedded for histological investigation. RESULTS Higher levels of TA were distributed in the intraocular tissues when injected into the vitreous compared to the sub-Tenon. Conversely, TA level was remarkably lower in the rabbits which received intravitreal TA injections than those treated with sub-Tenon injection throughout the study period in plasma. Optical discharge probably caused by systemic circulation of TA was observed by receiving sub-Tenon TA injection. Meanwhile, technic-associated toxicological ocular symptoms and findings were more frequently observed in intravitreal injection than in sub-Tenon injection. CONCLUSION There are significant differences in kinetics and distribution of TA in vitreous body, aqueous humor and plasma, between the two injection methods. Although further study is needed to explain the species difference between human and rabbit, it is assumed that the difference in the frequency of intraocular pressure elevation and cataract formation by TA between the two injection methods are directly related to the TA concentrations in aqueous humor and vitreous body in each injection methods. Systemic toxicity and technic-associated toxicity are also closely related to kinetics of TA in plasma and each injection method itself, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Arie
- Sagami Research Laboratories, Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Kanagawa 2580018, Japan
| | - Hiroko Miyai
- Sagami Research Laboratories, Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Kanagawa 2580018, Japan
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Sagami Research Laboratories, Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Kanagawa 2580018, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okabe
- Sagami Research Laboratories, Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Kanagawa 2580018, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Takashima
- Sagami Research Laboratories, Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Kanagawa 2580018, Japan
| | - Mayumi Takata
- Sagami Research Laboratories, Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Kanagawa 2580018, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurasawa
- Sagami Research Laboratories, Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Kanagawa 2580018, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- Sagami Research Laboratories, Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Kanagawa 2580018, Japan
| | - Reijiro Arakawa
- Sagami Research Laboratories, Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Kanagawa 2580018, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ogura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 4678601, Japan
| | - Akira Naito
- Sagami Research Laboratories, Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Kanagawa 2580018, Japan
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8
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Lu R, Soden PA, Lee E. Tissue-Engineered Models for Glaucoma Research. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11060612. [PMID: 32599818 PMCID: PMC7345325 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies characterized by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Patients with glaucoma generally experience elevations in intraocular pressure (IOP), followed by RGC death, peripheral vision loss and eventually blindness. However, despite the substantial economic and health-related impact of glaucoma-related morbidity worldwide, the surgical and pharmacological management of glaucoma is still limited to maintaining IOP within a normal range. This is in large part because the underlying molecular and biophysical mechanisms by which glaucomatous changes occur are still unclear. In the present review article, we describe current tissue-engineered models of the intraocular space that aim to advance the state of glaucoma research. Specifically, we critically evaluate and compare both 2D and 3D-culture models of the trabecular meshwork and nerve fiber layer, both of which are key players in glaucoma pathophysiology. Finally, we point out the need for novel organ-on-a-chip models of glaucoma that functionally integrate currently available 3D models of the retina and the trabecular outflow pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhao Lu
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Paul A. Soden
- College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Esak Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-255-8491
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9
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Hu Y, Barron AO, Gindina S, Kumar S, Chintala S, Nayyar A, Danias J. Investigations on the Role of the Fibrinolytic Pathway on Outflow Facility Regulation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:1571-1580. [PMID: 30995314 PMCID: PMC6892382 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To understand the role and further dissect pathways downstream of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and the fibrinolytic pathway in modulating outflow facility. Methods Outflow facility of tissue plasminogen activator (Plat) knockout (KO) mice was determined and compared to that of wild-type (WT) littermates. Gene expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (Plau), plasminogen activator inhibitor (Pai-1), plasminogen (Plg), and matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp-2, -9, and -13) was measured in angle tissues. Expression of the same genes and outflow facility were measured in KO and WT mice treated with triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Amiloride was used to inhibit urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in Plat KO mice, and outflow facility was measured. Results Plat deletion resulted in outflow facility reduction and decreased Mmp-9 expression in angle tissues. Plasminogen expression was undetectable in both KO and WT mice. TA led to further reduction in outflow facility and decreases in expression of Plau and Mmp-13 in plat KO mice. Amiloride inhibition of uPA activity prevented the TA-induced outflow facility reduction in Plat KO mice. Conclusions tPA deficiency reduced outflow facility in mice and was associated with reduced MMP expression. The mechanism of action of tPA is unlikely to involve plasminogen activation. tPA is not the only mediator of TA-induced outflow facility change, as TA caused reduction in outflow facility of Plat KO mice. uPA did not substitute for tPA in outflow facility regulation but abrogated the effect of TA in the absence of tPA, suggesting a complex role of components of the fibrinolytic system in outflow regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center and the SUNY Eye Institute, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Arturo O Barron
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center and the SUNY Eye Institute, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Sofya Gindina
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center and the SUNY Eye Institute, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center and the SUNY Eye Institute, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Shravan Chintala
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ashima Nayyar
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center and the SUNY Eye Institute, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - John Danias
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center and the SUNY Eye Institute, Brooklyn, New York, United States
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10
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Faralli JA, Filla MS, Peters DM. Effect of αvβ3 Integrin Expression and Activity on Intraocular Pressure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:1776-1788. [PMID: 31022732 PMCID: PMC6485315 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effects of αvβ3 integrin expression and activation on intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods Cre+/−β3flox/flox mice were treated with topical tamoxifen eye drops for 5 days to activate Cre and excise the β3 integrin gene from the anterior segment. IOP was measured weekly for 11 weeks using rebound tonometry. Mice were then killed and changes in expression of the β3 integrin subunit in Cre+/− β3flox/flox mice were determined using Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. To determine the effect of αvβ3 integrin activation on outflow facility, porcine organ culture anterior segments (POCAS) were perfused with the αvβ3 integrin-activating antibody AP5 or an isotype IgG control for 21 hours. The effect of αvβ3 integrin activation on IOP was measured over 7 days in C57BL/6J mice intracamerally infused with AP5, AP3, IgG, or PBS. Results Deletion of the β3 integrin subunit using the tamoxifen-inducible Cre-loxP system resulted in a decrease in expression of the β3 integrin subunit in the trabecular meshwork and ciliary muscle. Morphologically no gross changes in the anterior segment were detected. Deletion of the β3 integrin subunit resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) lower IOP in mice within 2 weeks following the tamoxifen treatment and persisted for 11 weeks. Activating the αvβ3 integrin with the AP5 antibody resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in IOP in C57BL/6J mice and a decrease in outflow facility in 42% of the POCAS. Conclusions These studies demonstrate a role for αvβ3 integrin signaling in the regulation of IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Faralli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Mark S Filla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Donna M Peters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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11
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Waduthanthri KD, Montemagno C, Çetinel S. Establishment of human trabecular meshwork cell cultures using nontransplantable corneoscleral rims. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 43:89-98. [PMID: 31410078 PMCID: PMC6667097 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1810-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human trabecular meshwork (hTM) cell isolation in academic settings utilizes the motile nature of these cells, allowing them to migrate away from the explant and proliferate on distal regions of the culture substrate. Corneoscleral rims used for transplantation are a potential source of explants for the establishment of hTM cell cultures. However, cell isolation and the initiation of primary cell cultures from ocular tissues stored in Optisol-GS medium for an extended period of time (>6 days) has proven difficult, since Optisol-GS remarkably reduces cell viability and cellularity. Therefore, explants obtained from ocular tissues stored in Optisol-GS do not often provide adequate cell yield to initiate primary cell cultures if conventional culture techniques are used. Therefore, the majority of the research on primary hTM cell isolation has been accomplished using donor tissue obtained within 72 h postmortem. The goal of this study was to develop an hTM cell isolation procedure from nontransplantable ocular materials, utilizing the anchorage dependency of TM cells. This procedure yielded functionally viable cells, eficiently dissociated from the trabecular meshwork. Isolated cells demonstrated typical hTM cell characteristics including monolayer formation, contact inhibition, phagocytosis, and responses to glucocorticoid exposure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time an expired explant has been utilized in the successful isolation of hTM cells. Our results clearly demonstrate the advantage of increasing the anchor points of hTM cells for enhanced cell migration out from the explants, which have limited cell proliferative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosala D Waduthanthri
- Ingenuity Lab, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| | | | - Sibel Çetinel
- Ingenuity Lab, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
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12
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Sutherland C, Wang Y, Brown RV, Foley J, Mahler B, Janardhan KS, Kovi RC, Jetten AM. Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29912187 DOI: 10.3791/57576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser capture microdissection (LCM) has allowed gene expression analysis of single cells and enriched cell populations in tissue sections. LCM is a great tool for the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying cell differentiation and the development and progression of various diseases, including glaucoma. Glaucoma, which comprises a family of progressive optic neuropathies, is the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Structural changes and damage within the trabecular meshwork (TM) can result in increased intraocular pressure (IOP), which is a major risk factor for developing glaucoma. However, the precise molecular mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. The ability to perform gene expression analysis will be crucial in obtaining further insights into the function of these cells and its role in the regulation of IOP and glaucoma development. To achieve this, a reproducible method for isolating highly enriched TM from frozen sections of mouse eyes and a method for downstream gene expression analysis, such as RT-qPCR and RNA-Seq is needed. The method described herein is developed to isolate highly pure TM from mouse eyes for downstream digital PCR and microarray analysis. In addition, this technique can be easily adapted for the isolation of other highly enriched ocular cells and cell compartments that have been difficult to isolate from mouse eyes. The combination of LCM and RNA analysis can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the cellular events underlying glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Sutherland
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH
| | - Yu Wang
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH
| | - Robert V Brown
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH
| | - Julie Foley
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH
| | - Beth Mahler
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH
| | - Kyathanahalli S Janardhan
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH; Integrated Laboratory Systems Inc
| | - Ramesh C Kovi
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH; Experimental Pathology Laboratories Inc
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH;
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13
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Outcome of Primary Nonpenetrating Deep Sclerectomy in Patients with Steroid-Induced Glaucoma. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:9215650. [PMID: 29850218 PMCID: PMC5904771 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9215650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the outcome of primary nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) in patients with steroid-induced glaucoma. Methods This was a retrospective interventional clinical study that included 60 eyes of 60 steroid-induced glaucoma patients that had undergone NPDS. Patients were followed up for 4 years. Data from the records was retrieved as regards corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), visual field mean defect (dB), and number of antiglaucoma medications needed if any. Complete success of the surgical outcome was considered an IOP ≤ 21 mmHg with no antiglaucoma medications. Qualified success was considered an IOP ≤ 21 mmHg using antiglaucoma medications. Results The mean age was 21.2 ± 8.5 years (ranged from 12 to 35 years). At 48 months, mean IOP was 13.6 ± 2.8 mmHg (range 11-23 mmHg). This represented 60% reduction of mean IOP from preoperative levels. One case had YAG laser goniopuncture. Three cases required needling followed by ab interno revision. Using ANOVA test, there was a statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative mean IOP values (P = 0.032). Twelve, 16, and 20 patients required topical antiglaucoma medications at 24, 26, and 48 months postoperative, respectively. Conclusion Primary nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy is a safe and an effective method of treating eyes with steroid-induced glaucoma. No major complications were encountered. After 4 years of follow-up, complete success rate was 56.7% and qualified success rate was 70%.
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14
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Faralli JA, Dimeo KD, Trane RM, Peters D. Absence of a secondary glucocorticoid response in C57BL/6J mice treated with topical dexamethasone. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192665. [PMID: 29499052 PMCID: PMC5834162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone can cause an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) in some of the population, but not all. In this paper we used a mouse model of glucocorticoid induced ocular hypertension to examine the changes in the anterior segment of the eye in mice that failed to respond to glucocorticoid treatment with a sustained increase in IOP. C57BL/6J mice were treated with either 0.1% dexamethasone sodium phosphate ophthalmic solution or sterile PBS 3 times daily for up to 5 weeks. IOP was measured weekly at approximately the same time of the day. After 3–5 weeks of treatment, eyes were enucleated and evaluated for changes associated with steroid induced glaucoma. These studies showed that IOP was significantly elevated in dexamethasone (DEX) treated mice compared to PBS treated mice after 3 weeks of treatment, but IOP in DEX treated mice returned to baseline levels after 5 weeks of treatment. All the mice demonstrated a response to the glucocorticoid treatments and showed an elevation in FKBP5 expression after both 3 and 5 weeks of DEX treatment (primary glucocorticoid response protein) and a weight loss. Western blot analysis of anterior segments from treated mice, however, did not show an increase in secondary glucocorticoid response proteins such as β3 integrin or myocilin. Fibronectin levels were also not statistically different. The data suggest that in mice, which do not exhibit a prolonged increase in IOP in response to the DEX treatment, there is a compensatory mechanism that can prevent or turn off the secondary glucocorticoid response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Faralli
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kaylee D. Dimeo
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ralph M. Trane
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Donna Peters
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Full-length myocilin protein is purified from mammalian cells as a dimer. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 147:38-48. [PMID: 29475084 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myocilin (MYOC) is a secreted protein found in human aqueous humor (AH) and mutations in the MYOC gene are the most common mutation observed in glaucoma patients. Human AH analyzed under non-reducing conditions suggests that MYOC is not normally found in a monomeric form, but rather is predominantly dimeric. Although MYOC was first reported almost 20 years ago, a technical challenge still faced by researchers is an inability to isolate full-length MYOC protein for experimental purposes. Herein we describe two methods by which to isolate sufficient quantities of human full-length MYOC protein from mammalian cells. One method involved identification of a cell line (HeLa S3) that would secrete full-length protein (15 mg/L) while the second method involved a purification approach from 293 cells requiring identification and modification of an internal MYOC cleavage site (Glu214/Leu215). MYOC protein yield from 293 cells was improved by mutation of two MYOC N-terminal cysteines (C47 and C61) to serines. Analytical size exclusion chromatography of our full-length MYOC protein purified from 293 cells indicated that it is predominantly dimeric and we propose a structure for the MYOC dimer. We hope that by providing methods to obtain MYOC protein, researchers will be able to utilize the protein to obtain new insights into MYOC biology. The ultimate goal of MYOC research is to better understand this target so we can help the patient that carries a MYOC mutation retain vision and maintain quality of life.
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