1
|
Abstract
Eosinophilic keratitis is a disease of the feline ocular surface. It is characterized by conjunctivitis, white to pink raised plaques on the corneal and conjunctival surfaces, corneal vascularization, and variable ocular pain. Cytology is the diagnostic test of choice. Identification of eosinophils in a corneal cytology sample usually confirms the diagnosis, although lymphocytes, mast cells, and neutrophils are often present concurrently. Immunosuppressives are the mainstay of therapy, topically or systemically. The role of feline herpesvirus-1 in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis (EK) remains unclear. Eosinophilic conjunctivitis is a less common manifestation of EK and presents as severe conjunctivitis without corneal involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Labelle
- Bright Light Veterinary Eye Care, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Philippe Labelle
- Antech Diagnostics, 7555 Danbro Crescent, Mississauga, Ontario L5N 6P9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Huang S, Li F, Wu M, He J, Xue Y, Fu T, Yu R, Chen X, Wang Y, Li Z. Sympathetic Nerves Positively Regulate Eosinophil-Driven Allergic Conjunctivitis via α1-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1298-1308. [PMID: 32194050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are a major cause of tissue injury in allergic conjunctivitis. The biological nature of eosinophils in the conjunctiva and the mechanisms that control eosinophils' responses in allergic conjunctivitis are currently not completely understood. This study reports that conjunctival eosinophils comprise two populations-Siglec-Fint and Siglec-Fhi-in different life stages. Siglec-Fint eosinophils partly expressed CD34 and were in the immature (or steady) state. Siglec-Fhi eosinophils did not express CD34, sharply increased in number after short ragweed (SRW) pollen challenge, and were in the mature (or activated) state. Moreover, chemical sympathectomy by 6-hydroxydopamine reduced the recruitment and activation of eosinophils, whereas the activation of the sympathetic nerve system (SNS) with restraint stress accelerated the recruitment and activation of eosinophils in SRW-induced conjunctivitis. It was also found that two eosinophil populations expressed alpha-1a-adrenergic receptors (α1a-ARs); in SRW-induced conjunctivitis, treatment with an α1a-AR antagonist decreased eosinophil responses, whereas treatment with an α1a-AR agonist aggravated eosinophil responses. Thus, eosinophil responses in conjunctivitis are regulated by the SNS via α1a-AR signaling. SNS inputs or α1a-AR function may be potential targets for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuoya Huang
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanying Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjuan Wu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin He
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Fu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxun Yu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Departments of Science and Technology Administration, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salazar A, Casanova-Méndez I, Pacheco-Quito M, Velázquez-Soto H, Ayala-Balboa J, Graue-Hernández EO, Serafín-López J, Jiménez-Martínez MC. Low Expression of IL-10 in Circulating Bregs and Inverted IL-10/TNF-α Ratio in Tears of Patients with Perennial Allergic Conjunctivitis: A Preliminary Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051035. [PMID: 30818819 PMCID: PMC6429471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is one of the most common ophthalmological disorders seen in clinical practice. Growing evidence from recent years suggests that a subset of IL-10-expressing B cells is involved in inflammatory allergic diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential involvement of blood Bregs cells in perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC), and interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were measured in tear samples and compared with healthy controls (HC) using flow cytometry. Non-significant differences in CD19+IL-10+ cell frequency between PAC patients and healthy controls (HC) were observed. Nevertheless, when we analyzed the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of IL-10 on CD19+CD38Lo/Med/Hi-gated cells, we observed a significant decrease in MFI in all Bregs subsets in PAC patients. Additionally, tear cytokines showed 2.8 times lower levels of IL-10 than TNF-α in PAC patients when compared to HC. Our findings demonstrate an immunological dysregulation in patients with allergic conjunctivitis, characterized by the low expression of IL-10 in circulating CD19+CD38+ Bregs subsets and an inverted tear IL-10/TNF-α ratio, promoting a local pro-inflammatory microenvironment. These findings highlight the novel pathologic changes involved in ocular allergic diseases. Understanding systemic and local mechanisms will aid the design of immunomodulating therapeutics at different levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Salazar
- Departamento de Inmunología, ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana Foundation", 06800 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Israel Casanova-Méndez
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana Foundation", 06800 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Michele Pacheco-Quito
- Cornea and Refractive Surgery Department, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana Foundation", 06800 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Henry Velázquez-Soto
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana Foundation", 06800 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Julio Ayala-Balboa
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana Foundation", 06800 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Enrique O Graue-Hernández
- Cornea and Refractive Surgery Department, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana Foundation", 06800 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Jeanet Serafín-López
- Departamento de Inmunología, ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - María C Jiménez-Martínez
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana Foundation", 06800 Mexico City, Mexico.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico. P.O. Box 70159, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|