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Peng N, Zheng M, Song B, Jiao R, Wang W. Transcription Factor EGR1 Facilitates Neovascularization in Mice with Retinopathy of Prematurity by Regulating the miR-182-5p/EFNA5 Axis. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1070-1086. [PMID: 37530910 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Neovascularization is the hallmark of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Early growth response 1 (EGR1) has been reported as an angiogenic factor. This study was conducted to probe the regulatory mechanism of EGR1 in neovascularization in ROP model mice. The ROP mouse model was established, followed by determination of EGR1 expression and assessment of neovascularization [vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF)]. Retinal vascular endothelial cells were cultured and treated with hypoxia, followed by the tube formation assay. The state of oxygen induction was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot assay to determine hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1A). The levels of microRNA (miRNA)-182-5p and ephrin-A5 (EFNA5) in tissues and cells were determined by RT-qPCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase assay were used to validate gene interaction. EGR1 and EFNA5 were upregulated in the retina of ROP mice while miR-182-5p was downregulated. EGR1 knockdown decreased VEGF-A and HIF-1A expression and increased PEDF expression in the retina of ROP mice. In vitro, EGR1 knockdown also reduced neovascularization. EGR1 binding to the miR-182-5p promoter inhibited miR-182-5p transcription and further promoted EFNA5 transcription. miR-182-5p downregulation or EFNA5 overexpression averted the inhibition of neovascularization caused by EGR1 downregulation. Overall, EGR1 bound to the miR-182-5p promoter to inhibit miR-182-5p transcription and further promoted EFNA5 transcription, thus promoting retinal neovascularization in ROP mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Peng
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang City, 441000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang City, 441000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bei Song
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang City, 441000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Rong Jiao
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang City, 441000, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang City, 441000, Hubei Province, China.
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2
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Warner EF, Vaux L, Boyd K, Widdowson PS, Binley KM, Osborne A. Ocular delivery of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) as a neuroprotectant for Geographic Atrophy. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0216-1. [PMID: 38421833 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), that starts with atrophic lesions in the outer retina that expand to cover the macula and fovea, leading to severe vision loss over time. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) has a diverse-range of properties, including its ability to promote cell survival, reduce inflammation, inhibit angiogenesis, combat oxidative stress, regulate autophagy, and stimulate anti-apoptotic pathways, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for GA. However, the relatively short half-life of PEDF protein has precluded its potential as a clinical therapy for GA since it would require frequent injections. Therefore, we describe administration of a PEDF gene, comparing and contrasting delivery routes, viral and non-viral vectors, and consider the critical challenges for PEDF as a neuroprotectant for GA.
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3
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Wu CM, Mao JW, Zhu JZ, Xie CC, Yao JY, Yang XQ, Xiang M, He YF, Tong X, Litifu D, Xiong XY, Cheng MN, Zhu FH, He SJ, Lin ZM, Zuo JP. DZ2002 alleviates corneal angiogenesis and inflammation in rodent models of dry eye disease via regulating STAT3-PI3K-Akt-NF-κB pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:166-179. [PMID: 37605050 PMCID: PMC10770170 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent ocular disorder with a multifactorial etiology. The pre-angiogenic and pre-inflammatory milieu of the ocular surface plays a critical role in its pathogenesis. DZ2002 is a reversible type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) inhibitor, which has shown excellent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of DZ2002 in rodent models of DED. SCOP-induced dry eye models were established in female rats and mice, while BAC-induced dry eye model was established in female rats. DZ2002 was administered as eye drops (0.25%, 1%) four times daily (20 μL per eye) for 7 or 14 consecutive days. We showed that topical application of DZ2002 concentration-dependently reduced corneal neovascularization and corneal opacity, as well as alleviated conjunctival irritation in both DED models. Furthermore, we observed that DZ2002 treatment decreased the expression of genes associated with angiogenesis and the levels of inflammation in the cornea and conjunctiva. Moreover, DZ2002 treatment in the BAC-induced DED model abolished the activation of the STAT3-PI3K-Akt-NF-κB pathways in corneal tissues. We also found that DZ2002 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) while downregulating the activation of the STAT3-PI3K-Akt-NF-κB pathway. These results suggest that DZ2002 exerts a therapeutic effect on corneal angiogenesis in DED, potentially by preventing the upregulation of the STAT3-PI3K-Akt-NF-κB pathways. Collectively, DZ2002 is a promising candidate for ophthalmic therapy, particularly in treating DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Mei Wu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia-Wen Mao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Can-Can Xie
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia-Ying Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Yang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mai Xiang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi-Fan He
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Tong
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dilinaer Litifu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xiong
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Meng-Nan Cheng
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Feng-Hua Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shi-Jun He
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ze-Min Lin
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Ping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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4
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Gil-Gas C, Sánchez-Díez M, Honrubia-Gómez P, Sánchez-Sánchez JL, Alvarez-Simón CB, Sabater S, Sánchez-Sánchez F, Ramírez-Castillejo C. Self-Renewal Inhibition in Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Moonlight Role of PEDF in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5422. [PMID: 38001682 PMCID: PMC10670784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among females in developed countries. Although the implementation of screening tests and the development of new therapies have increased the probability of remission, relapse rates remain high. Numerous studies have indicated the connection between cancer-initiating cells and slow cellular cycle cells, identified by their capacity to retain long labeling (LT+). In this study, we perform new assays showing how stem cell self-renewal modulating proteins, such as PEDF, can modify the properties, percentage of biomarker-expressing cells, and carcinogenicity of cancer stem cells. The PEDF signaling pathway could be a useful tool for controlling cancer stem cells' self-renewal and therefore control patient relapse, as PEDF enhances resistance in breast cancer patient cells' in vitro culture. We have designed a peptide consisting of the C-terminal part of this protein, which acts by blocking endogenous PEDF in cell culture assays. We demonstrate that it is possible to interfere with the self-renewal capacity of cancer stem cells, induce anoikis in vivo, and reduce resistance against docetaxel treatment in cancer patient cells in in vitro culture. We have also demonstrated that this modified PEDF protein produces a significant decrease in the percentage of expressed cancer stem cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gil-Gas
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (P.H.-G.)
| | - Marta Sánchez-Díez
- HST Group, Department Biotechnology-BV, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Paloma Honrubia-Gómez
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (P.H.-G.)
| | - Jose Luis Sánchez-Sánchez
- Oncology Unit, Hospital General de Almansa, 02640 Albacete, Spain;
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Carmen B. Alvarez-Simón
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (P.H.-G.)
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Sebastia Sabater
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Investigaciones en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), University of Castilla La-Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramírez-Castillejo
- HST Group, Department Biotechnology-BV, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Zhang W, He Y, Zhang Y. CircRNA in ocular neovascular diseases: Fundamental mechanism and clinical potential. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106946. [PMID: 37797661 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Ocular neovascular disease (OND), characterized by the aberrant formation of immature blood vessels, is the leading cause of vision impairment and blindness. It is important to find effective ways to diagnose and treat these diseases. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a group of endogenous non-coding RNA that play a crucial role in regulating different biological processes. Due to their close association with ocular disease and angiogenesis, circRNAs have become a hotspot in OND research. In this review, we intensively investigate the possibility of using circRNAs in the management of ONDs. In general, angiogenesis is divided into five phases. On the basis of these five steps, we describe the potential of using circRNAs by introducing how they regulate angiogenesis. Subsequently, the interactions between circRNAs and ONDs, including pterygium, corneal neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity, are analyzed in detail. We also introduce the potential use of circRNAs as OND diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, we summarize the prospects of using circRNAs as a potential strategy in OND management. The gaps in recent research are also pointed out with the purpose of promoting the introduction of circRNAs into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
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6
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Ramsay E, Lajunen T, Bhattacharya M, Reinisalo M, Rilla K, Kidron H, Terasaki T, Urtti A. Selective drug delivery to the retinal cells: Biological barriers and avenues. J Control Release 2023; 361:1-19. [PMID: 37481214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Retinal drug delivery is a challenging, but important task, because most retinal diseases are still without any proper therapy. Drug delivery to the retina is hampered by the anatomical and physiological barriers resulting in minimal bioavailability after topical ocular and systemic administrations. Intravitreal injections are current method-of-choice in retinal delivery, but these injections show short duration of action for small molecules and low target bioavailability for many protein, gene based drugs and nanomedicines. State-of-art delivery systems are based on prolonged retention, controlled drug release and physical features (e.g. size and charge). However, drug delivery to the retina is not cell-specific and these approaches do not facilitate intracellular delivery of modern biological drugs (e.g. intracellular proteins, RNA based medicines, gene editing). In this focused review we highlight biological factors and mechanisms that form the basis for the selective retinal drug delivery systems in the future. Therefore, we are presenting current knowledge related to retinal membrane transporters, receptors and targeting ligands in relation to nanomedicines, conjugates, extracellular vesicles, and melanin binding. These issues are discussed in the light of retinal structure and cell types as well as future prospects in the field. Unlike in some other fields of targeted drug delivery (e.g. cancer research), selective delivery technologies have been rarely studied, even though cell targeted delivery may be even more feasible after local administration into the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramsay
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatu Lajunen
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Madhushree Bhattacharya
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Reinisalo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heidi Kidron
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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7
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Zambelas JM, Karmouty-Quintana H. Snakes and Ladders: A Potential Therapy of Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor in Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:10-12. [PMID: 37167541 PMCID: PMC10324039 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0118ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Zambelas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, Texas
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, Texas
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8
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Qiu F, Jiang B, Lin Y, Li H, Li D, Luo M, Hui H, Miao H, Zhang Y. Dual Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor and Hepatocyte Growth Factor Overexpression: A New Therapy for Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:87-98. [PMID: 37094101 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0459oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease characterized by advanced pulmonary vasculature remodeling that is thought to be curable only through lung transplantation. The application of angiogenic hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is reported to be protective in PH through its anti-vascular remodeling effect, but excessive HGF-mediated immature neovascularization is not conducive to the restoration of pulmonary perfusion because of apparent vascular leakage. As a canonical antiangiogenic molecule, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits angiogenesis and reduces vascular permeability in a variety of diseases. However, the effect of PEDF on HGF-based PH treatment remains to be determined. In this study, monocrotaline-induced PH rats and endothelial cells isolated from rat and human PH lung tissues were used. We assessed PH progression, right cardiac function, and pulmonary perfusion in HGF- and/or PEDF-treated rats with PH. Additionally, the receptor and mechanism responsible for the role of PEDF in HGF-based PH therapy were investigated. In this study, we found that HGF and PEDF jointly prevent PH development and improve right cardiac function in rats with PH. Moreover, PEDF delivery increases the pulmonary perfusion in PH lungs and inhibits immature angiogenesis and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin junction disintegration induced by HGF without affecting the therapeutic inhibition of pulmonary vascular remodeling by HGF. Mechanistically, PEDF targets VE growth factor receptor 2 and suppresses its phosphorylation at Y951 and Y1175 but not Y1214. Finally, VE growth factor receptor 2/VE protein tyrosine phosphatase/VE-cadherin complex formation and Akt and Erk1/2 inactivation were observed in rat and human PH lung endothelial cells. Collectively, our data indicate that PEDF additively enhances the efficacy of HGF against PH, which may provide new insights into treatment strategies for clinical PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Yangui Lin
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Huaming Li
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Dan Li
- Community Health Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | | | - Haoran Miao
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
| | - Yiqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery and
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Suresh D, Srinivas AN, Prashant A, Satish S, Vishwanath P, Nataraj SM, Koduru SV, Santhekadur PK, Kumar DP. AATF inhibition exerts antiangiogenic effects against human hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1130380. [PMID: 37361585 PMCID: PMC10288852 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1130380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Angiogenesis is a key factor in the growth and metastasis of hepatic tumors and thus a potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aim to identify the key role of apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor (AATF) in tumor angiogenesis and its underlying mechanisms in HCC. Methods HCC tissues were analyzed for AATF expression by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Stable clones of control and AATF knockdown (KD) were established in human HCC cells. The effect of AATF inhibition on the angiogenic processes was determined by proliferation, invasion, migration, chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, zymography, and immunoblotting techniques. Results We identified high levels of AATF in human HCC tissues compared to adjacent normal liver tissues, and the expression was found to be correlated with the stages and tumor grades of HCC. Inhibiting AATF in QGY-7703 cells resulted in higher levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) than controls due to decreased matric metalloproteinase activity. Conditioned media from AATF KD cells inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells as well as the vascularization of the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Furthermore, the VEGF-mediated downstream signaling pathway responsible for endothelial cell survival and vascular permeability, cell proliferation, and migration favoring angiogenesis was suppressed by AATF inhibition. Notably, PEDF inhibition effectively reversed the anti-angiogenic effect of AATF KD. Conclusion Our study reports the first evidence that the therapeutic strategy based on the inhibition of AATF to disrupt tumor angiogenesis may serve as a promising approach for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwakar Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Akshatha N. Srinivas
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Akila Prashant
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchitha Satish
- Department of Pathology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Prashant Vishwanath
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suma M. Nataraj
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Prasanna K. Santhekadur
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya P. Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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10
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Xu M, Chen X, Yu Z, Li X. Receptors that bind to PEDF and their therapeutic roles in retinal diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1116136. [PMID: 37139333 PMCID: PMC10149954 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1116136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal neovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory diseases represented by diabetic retinopathy are the main types of blinding eye disorders that continually cause the increased burden worldwide. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous factor with multiple effects including neurotrophic activity, anti-angiogenesis, anti-tumorigenesis, and anti-inflammatory activity. PEDF activity depends on the interaction with the proteins on the cell surface. At present, seven independent receptors, including adipose triglyceride lipase, laminin receptor, lipoprotein receptor-related protein, plexin domain-containing 1, plexin domain-containing 2, F1-ATP synthase, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, have been demonstrated and confirmed to be high affinity receptors for PEDF. Understanding the interactions between PEDF and PEDF receptors, their roles in normal cellular metabolism and the response the initiate in disease will be accommodating for elucidating the ways in which inflammation, angiogenesis, and neurodegeneration exacerbate disease pathology. In this review, we firstly introduce PEDF receptors comprehensively, focusing particularly on their expression pattern, ligands, related diseases, and signal transduction pathways, respectively. We also discuss the interactive ways of PEDF and receptors to expand the prospective understanding of PEDF receptors in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases.
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11
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Multi-Target Potential of Berberine as an Antineoplastic and Antimetastatic Agent: A Special Focus on Lung Cancer Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213433. [PMID: 36359829 PMCID: PMC9655513 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advancements, lung cancer remains the principal cause of cancer mortality in a global scenario. The increased incidence of tumor reoccurrence and progression and the highly metastatic nature of lung cancer are of great concern and hence require the investigation of novel therapies and/or medications. Naturally occurring compounds from plants serve as important resources for novel drugs for cancer therapy. Amongst these phytochemicals, Berberine, an alkaloid, has been extensively explored as a potential natural anticancer therapeutic agent. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of Berberine in inhibiting cancer growth and progression mediated via several different mechanisms, which include cell cycle arrest, inducing cell death by apoptosis and autophagy, inhibiting cell proliferation and invasion, as well as regulating the expression of microRNA, telomerase activity, and the tumor microenvironment, which usually varies for different cancer types. In this review, we aim to provide a better understanding of molecular insights of Berberine and its various derivative-induced antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects against lung cancer. In conclusion, the Berberine imparts its anticancer efficacy against lung cancers via modulation of several signaling pathways involved in cancer cell viability and proliferation, as well as migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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