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Hegde AN, Duke LM, Timm LE, Nobles H. The Proteasome and Ageing. Subcell Biochem 2023; 102:99-112. [PMID: 36600131 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The proteasome is a multi-subunit proteolytic complex that functions to degrade normal proteins for physiological regulation and to eliminate abnormal proteins for cellular protection. Generally, the proteasome targets substrate proteins that are marked by attachment of multiple ubiquitin molecules. In various types of cells in an organism, damage to proteins occurs both from internal sources such as reactive oxygen species and from external ones such as UV radiation from the sun. The proteasome functions to protect the cells by degrading damaged proteins. With ageing, however, the capacity of the proteasome to degrade damaged proteins is reduced as indicated by evidence gathered by many studies. Studies on ageing in muscle, skin, and brain show that with age catalytic activity of the proteasome is decreased and the expression of proteasome subunits is altered. Age-related accumulation of damaged or misfolded proteins causes further reduction of proteasome activity. Abnormal proteins also accumulate as a result of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Deficits in proteasome activity might be responsible for accumulation of protein aggregates and thus contribute to the pathology. Results from several studies suggest a link between the proteasome and longevity. This chapter reviews the various ways in which the proteasome is associated with the ageing process and examines evidence gathered from investigations on cultured cells, model organisms, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok N Hegde
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA.
| | - Lindsey M Duke
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA
| | - Logan E Timm
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA
| | - Hannah Nobles
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA
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2
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Zhang X, Wang K, Ren XL, Zhang MD, Wu KN, Wu H, Chu ZW, Liu SS, Jiang XX, Zhu JH, Wu HM. Zinc Deficiency Exacerbates Behavioral Impediments and Dopaminergic Neuron Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Parkinson Disease. J Nutr 2023; 153:167-175. [PMID: 36913450 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating zinc (Zn) concentrations are lower than normal in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). It is unknown whether Zn deficiency increases the susceptibility to PD. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary Zn deficiency on behaviors and dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of PD and to explore potential mechanisms. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice aged 8-10 wk were fed Zn adequate (ZnA; 30 μg/g) or Zn deficient (ZnD; <5 μg/g) diet throughout the experiments. Six weeks later 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was injected to generate the PD model. Controls were injected with saline. Thus, 4 groups (Saline-ZnA, Saline-ZnD, MPTP-ZnA, and MPTP-ZnD) were formed. The experiment lasted 13 wk. Open field test, rotarod test, immunohistochemistry, and RNA sequencing were performed. Data were analyzed with t-test, 2-factor ANOVA, or Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS Both MPTP and ZnD diet treatments led to a significant reduction in blood Zn concentrations (PMPTP = 0.012, PZn = 0.014), reduced total distance traveled (PMPTP < 0.001, PZn = 0.031), and affected the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (PMPTP < 0.001, PZn = 0.020). In the MPTP-treated mice, the ZnD diet significantly reduced total distance traveled by 22.4% (P = 0.026), decreased latency to fall by 49.9% (P = 0.026), and reduced dopaminergic neurons by 59.3% (P = 0.002) compared with the ZnA diet. RNA sequencing analysis revealed a total of 301 differentially expressed genes (156 upregulated; 145 downregulated) in the substantia nigra of ZnD mice compared with ZnA mice. The genes were involved in a number of processes, including protein degradation, mitochondria integrity, and α-synuclein aggregation. CONCLUSIONS Zn deficiency aggravates movement disorders in PD mice. Our results support previous clinical observations and suggest that appropriate Zn supplementation may be beneficial for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhang
- Institute of Geriatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Geriatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Neurology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University (the Central Hospital of Lishui), Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Li Ren
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Di Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai-Nian Wu
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Wu
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Chu
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu-Shu Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Jiang
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Institute of Geriatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hong-Mei Wu
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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McCarty MF. Nutraceutical, Dietary, and Lifestyle Options for Prevention and Treatment of Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073321. [PMID: 33805039 PMCID: PMC8037104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although well documented drug therapies are available for the management of ventricular hypertrophy (VH) and heart failure (HF), most patients nonetheless experience a downhill course, and further therapeutic measures are needed. Nutraceutical, dietary, and lifestyle measures may have particular merit in this regard, as they are currently available, relatively safe and inexpensive, and can lend themselves to primary prevention as well. A consideration of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the VH/HF syndrome suggests that measures which control oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, that support effective nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide bioactivity, that prevent a reduction in cardiomyocyte pH, and that boost the production of protective hormones, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), while suppressing fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and marinobufagenin, may have utility for preventing and controlling this syndrome. Agents considered in this essay include phycocyanobilin, N-acetylcysteine, lipoic acid, ferulic acid, zinc, selenium, ubiquinol, astaxanthin, melatonin, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, berberine, citrulline, high-dose folate, cocoa flavanols, hawthorn extract, dietary nitrate, high-dose biotin, soy isoflavones, taurine, carnitine, magnesium orotate, EPA-rich fish oil, glycine, and copper. The potential advantages of whole-food plant-based diets, moderation in salt intake, avoidance of phosphate additives, and regular exercise training and sauna sessions are also discussed. There should be considerable scope for the development of functional foods and supplements which make it more convenient and affordable for patients to consume complementary combinations of the agents discussed here. Research Strategy: Key word searching of PubMed was employed to locate the research papers whose findings are cited in this essay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity Foundation, 811 B Nahant Ct., San Diego, CA 92109, USA
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Panagiotidou E, Chondrogianni N. We Are What We Eat: Ubiquitin–Proteasome System (UPS) Modulation Through Dietary Products. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:329-348. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
Proteasomes are multienzyme complexes that maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and important cellular functions through the degradation of misfolded, redundant, and damaged proteins. It is well established that aging is associated with the accumulation of damaged and misfolded proteins. This phenomenon is paralleled by declined proteasome activity. When the accumulation of redundant proteins exceed degradation, undesirable signaling and/or aggregation occurs and are the hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases and many cancers. Thus, increasing proteasome activity has been recognized as a new approach to delay the onset or ameliorate the symptoms of neurodegenerative and other proteotoxic disorders. Enhancement of proteasome activity has many therapeutic potentials but is still a relatively unexplored field. In this perspective, we review current approaches, genetic manipulation, posttranslational modification, and small molecule proteasome agonists used to increase proteasome activity, challenges facing the field, and applications beyond aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert Njomen
- Department of Chemistry, and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jetze J. Tepe
- Department of Chemistry, and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Jia Y, Dai J, Zhang L, Xia H. Effect of Exogenous Zinc on MsrB1 Expression and Protein Oxidation in Human Lens Epithelial Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:60-64. [PMID: 30306419 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been related to zinc deficiency, resulting in protein oxidation and age-related decline of methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) activity. This study was designed to investigate the levels of methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (MsrB1) mRNA and oxidized proteins in human lens epithelial (hLE) cells after treatment with exogenous zinc. The role of exogenous zinc in regulation of MsrB1 gene expression and protein oxidation in hLE cells was studied by MTT assay, oxidized protein measurement kit, and real-time PCR. The results showed that hLE cell viability was significantly decreased by MsrB1 gene knockdown or peroxynitrite (ONOO-) treatment, while it was significantly increased after treatment with exogenous zinc (P < 0.05). Protein carbonyl content in hLE cell by MsrB1 gene knockdown or ONOO- treatment was significantly decreased after treatment with ZnSO4 (P < 0.01). And exogenous zinc could increase the level of MsrB1 in hLE cell under normal (P < 0.001) and oxidative stress (P < 0.01) conditions. In conclusion, exogenous zinc could protect hLE cells against MsrB1 gene knockdown or ONOO--induced cell death by upregulation of MsrB1 involved in the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidized proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jia
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Dai
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Xia
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
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Prasad AS, Bao B. Molecular Mechanisms of Zinc as a Pro-Antioxidant Mediator: Clinical Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060164. [PMID: 31174269 PMCID: PMC6617024 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The essentiality of zinc as a trace mineral in human health has been recognized for over five decades. Zinc deficiency, caused by diet, genetic defects, or diseases, can cause growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, depressed immune response, and abnormal cognitive functions in humans. Zinc supplementation in zinc-deficient individuals can overcome or attenuate these abnormalities, suggesting zinc is an essential micro-nutrient in the body. A large number of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies indicate that zinc deficiency also causes apoptosis, cellular dysfunction, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, and depressed immune response. Oxidative stress, due to the imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and detoxification in the anti-oxidant defense system of the body, along with subsequent chronic inflammation, is believed to be associated with many chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes, heart diseases, cancers, alcohol-related disease, macular degenerative disease, and neuro-pathogenesis. A large number of experimental studies including cell culture, animal, and human clinical studies have provided supportive evidence showing that zinc acts as an anti-oxidative stress agent by inhibition of oxidation of macro-molecules such as (DNA)/ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins as well as inhibition of inflammatory response, eventually resulting in the down-regulation of (ROS) production and the improvement of human health. In this article, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms of zinc as an anti-oxidative stress agent or mediator in the body. We will also discuss the applications of zinc supplementation as an anti-oxidative stress agent or mediator in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda S Prasad
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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8
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Witkowski JM, Mikosik A, Bryl E, Fulop T. Proteodynamics in aging human T cells - The need for its comprehensive study to understand the fine regulation of T lymphocyte functions. Exp Gerontol 2017; 107:161-168. [PMID: 29038026 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular life depends mostly on the creation, modification, interactions and destruction of proteins. This is true for every cell, including human T lymphocytes. One way these cells can ascertain the fidelity and at least partial functionality of their proteomes under constant attack of irreversible modulations (e.g., ROS- or glycation-dependent) is proteostasis. However, with cellular aging proteostasis progressively fails and proteostenosis (decreased amounts and functionalities of remaining proteins) occurs. There are several mechanisms involved in the modulation and protection of the proteome in the T cells which include mainly multiple layers of vesicle-bound and cytoplasmic proteases (e.g., lysosomal and proteasomal ones) acting mostly by degradation of obsolete and age-modified proteins. Recently it was shown that another not yet so widely known system consisting of obligatorily calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, the calpains and their inhibitor, the calpastatin serves in T cells as a dual switch, either activating or inactivating different proteins depending on intracellular conditions. Thus the proteolytic elimination of altered proteins as well as modulation of activity of those remaining leads to dynamic change of proteome composition and function (proteodynamics) in aging lymphocytes, so far in an almost unknown way. Aging T cell proteodynamics requires further comprehensive analysis of the resulting lysoproteomic patterns and their changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Anna Mikosik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Centre for Aging Research, University of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Papaevgeniou N, Chondrogianni N. UPS Activation in the Battle Against Aging and Aggregation-Related Diseases: An Extended Review. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1449:1-70. [PMID: 27613027 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3756-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a biological process accompanied by gradual increase of damage in all cellular macromolecules, i.e., nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. When the proteostasis network (chaperones and proteolytic systems) cannot reverse the damage load due to its excess as compared to cellular repair/regeneration capacity, failure of homeostasis is established. This failure is a major hallmark of aging and/or aggregation-related diseases. Dysfunction of the major cellular proteolytic machineries, namely the proteasome and the lysosome, has been reported during the progression of aging and aggregation-prone diseases. Therefore, activation of these pathways is considered as a possible preventive or therapeutic approach against the progression of these processes. This chapter focuses on UPS activation studies in cellular and organismal models and the effects of such activation on aging, longevity and disease prevention or reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Papaevgeniou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece.
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10
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Chondrogianni N, Voutetakis K, Kapetanou M, Delitsikou V, Papaevgeniou N, Sakellari M, Lefaki M, Filippopoulou K, Gonos ES. Proteasome activation: An innovative promising approach for delaying aging and retarding age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23:37-55. [PMID: 25540941 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process accompanied by a progressive accumulation of damage in all constituent macromolecules (nucleic acids, lipids and proteins). Accumulation of damage in proteins leads to failure of proteostasis (or vice versa) due to increased levels of unfolded, misfolded or aggregated proteins and, in turn, to aging and/or age-related diseases. The major cellular proteolytic machineries, namely the proteasome and the lysosome, have been shown to dysfunction during aging and age-related diseases. Regarding the proteasome, it is well established that it can be activated either through genetic manipulation or through treatment with natural or chemical compounds that eventually result to extension of lifespan or deceleration of the progression of age-related diseases. This review article focuses on proteasome activation studies in several species and cellular models and their effects on aging and longevity. Moreover, it summarizes findings regarding proteasome activation in the major age-related diseases as well as in progeroid syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Chondrogianni
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Voutetakis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Kapetanou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Delitsikou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Papaevgeniou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Marianthi Sakellari
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece; Örebro University, Medical School, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Lefaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Filippopoulou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece; Örebro University, Medical School, Örebro, Sweden.
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Chondrogianni N, Sakellari M, Lefaki M, Papaevgeniou N, Gonos ES. Proteasome activation delays aging in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:303-320. [PMID: 24681338 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural biological process that is characterized by a progressive accumulation of macromolecular damage. In the proteome, aging is accompanied by decreased protein homeostasis and function of the major cellular proteolytic systems, leading to the accumulation of unfolded, misfolded, or aggregated proteins. In particular, the proteasome is responsible for the removal of normal as well as damaged or misfolded proteins. Extensive work during the past several years has clearly demonstrated that proteasome activation by either genetic means or use of compounds significantly retards aging. Importantly, this represents a common feature across evolution, thereby suggesting proteasome activation to be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of aging and longevity regulation. This review article reports on the means of function of these proteasome activators and how they regulate aging in various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Chondrogianni
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece.
| | - Marianthi Sakellari
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece; Örebro University Medical School, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Lefaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Papaevgeniou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece; Örebro University Medical School, Örebro, Sweden
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Alvarez L, Gonzalez-Iglesias H, Garcia M, Ghosh S, Sanz-Medel A, Coca-Prados M. The stoichiometric transition from Zn6Cu1-metallothionein to Zn7-metallothionein underlies the up-regulation of metallothionein (MT) expression: quantitative analysis of MT-metal load in eye cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:28456-69. [PMID: 22722935 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.365015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the profiling of gene expression of metallothioneins (MTs) in human tissues from cadaver eyes with microarray-based analysis. All MT1 isoforms, with the exception of MT1B, were abundantly expressed in lens and corneal tissue. Along with MT1B, MT4 was not detected in any tissues. Antibodies to MT1/2 labeled the corneal epithelial and endothelial cells, whereas MT3 label the retinal ganglion cells. We studied the effects of zinc and cytokines on the gene expression of MT isoforms in a corneal epithelial cell line (HCEsv). Zinc exerted an up-regulation of the expression of MT isoforms, and this effect was further potentiated in the presence of IL1α or TNFα. Zinc also elicited a strong down-regulation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and this effect was blocked in the presence of TNFα or IL1α. The concentration of MTs, bound zinc, and the metal stoichiometry of MTs in cultured HCEsv were determined by mass spectrometry. The total concentration of MTs was 0.24 ± 0.03 μM and, after 24 h of zinc exposure, increased to 0.96 ± 0.01 μM. The combination of zinc and IL1α further enhanced the level of MTs to 1.13 ± 0.03 μM. The average metal stoichiometry of MTs was Zn(6)Cu(1)-MT, and after exposure to the different treatments, it changed to Zn(7)-MT. Actinomycin D blocked transcription, and cycloheximide attenuated synthesis of MTs in the presence or absence of zinc, suggesting transcriptional regulation. Overall the data provide molecular and analytical evidence on the interplay between zinc, MTs, and proinflammatory cytokines in HCEsv cells, with potential implications on cell-based inflammatory eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Alvarez
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
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Micronutrient (Zn, Cu, Fe)-gene interactions in ageing and inflammatory age-related diseases: implications for treatments. Ageing Res Rev 2012; 11:297-319. [PMID: 22322094 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In ageing, alterations in inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant capacity lead to increased susceptibility to diseases and loss of mobility and agility. Various essential micronutrients in the diet are involved in age-altered biological functions. Micronutrients (zinc, copper, iron) play a pivotal role either in maintaining and reinforcing the immune and antioxidant performances or in affecting the complex network of genes (nutrigenomic approach) involved in encoding proteins for a correct inflammatory/immune response. By the other side, the genetic inter-individual variability may affect the absorption and uptake of the micronutrients (nutrigenetic approach) with subsequent altered effects on inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the individual micronutrient-gene interactions are fundamental to achieve healthy ageing. In this review, we report and discuss the role of micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe)-gene interactions in relation to the inflammatory status and the possibility of a supplement in the event of a micronutrient deficiency or chelation in presence of micronutrient overload in relation to specific polymorphisms of inflammatory proteins or proteins related of the delivery of the micronutriemts to various organs and tissues. In this last context, we report the protein-metal speciation analysis in order to have, coupled with micronutrient-gene interactions, a more complete picture of the individual need in micronutrient supplementation or chelation to achieve healthy ageing and longevity.
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Rockenfeller P, Madeo F. Ageing and eating. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:499-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cabreiro F, Picot CR, Perichon M, Friguet B, Petropoulos I. Overexpression of methionine sulfoxide reductases A and B2 protects MOLT-4 cells against zinc-induced oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:215-25. [PMID: 18715149 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Among the amino acids, methionine is the most susceptible to oxidation, and methionine sulfoxide can be catalytically reduced within proteins by methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) and B (MsrB). As one of the very few repair systems for oxidized proteins, MsrA and MsrB enzymes play a major role in protein homeostasis during aging and have also been involved in cellular defenses against oxidative stress, by scavenging reactive oxygen species. To elucidate the role of zinc on the Msr system, the effects of zinc treatment on control and stably overexpressing MsrA and MsrB2 MOLT-4 leukemia cells have been analyzed. Here we show that zinc treatment has a pro-antioxidant effect in MOLT-4 cells by inducing the transcription of metallothioneins and positively modulating the activity of the Msr enzymes. In contrast, due to its pro-oxidant effect, zinc also led to increased cell death, reactive oxygen species production, and protein damage. Our results indicate that overexpression of the Msr enzymes, due to their antioxidant properties, counteracts the pro-oxidant effects of zinc treatment, which lead to a cellular protection against protein oxidative damage and cell death, by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Cabreiro
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Biochimie Cellulaire du vieillissement, Université Paris-Diderot-Paris, Paris, France
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Giacconi R, Caruso C, Malavolta M, Lio D, Balistreri CR, Scola L, Candore G, Muti E, Mocchegiani E. Pro-inflammatory genetic background and zinc status in old atherosclerotic subjects. Ageing Res Rev 2008; 7:306-18. [PMID: 18611449 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and genetics are prominent mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AT) and its complications. In this review we discuss the possible impact on AT development of several genetic determinants involved in inflammation, oxidative stress and cytoprotection (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10, CD14, TLR4, MT, HSP70). Genetic polymorphisms of these genes may affect a differential inflammatory response predisposing to AT. However, allelic polymorphisms of genes which increase the risk of AT frequently occur in the general population but, only adequate gene-environment-polymorphism interactions promote the onset of the disease. Zinc deficiency has been suggested as an environmental risk factor for AT. With advancing age, the incidence of zinc deficiency increases for several reasons. Among them, dietary intake, malabsorption and genetic background of inflammatory markers may be involved. A crucial contribution may also be played by increased oxidative stress which may lead to the appearance of dysfunctional proteins, including metallothioneins (MT) that are in turn involved in zinc homeostasis. The detection of candidate genes related to inflammation and promoting AT and their reciprocal influence/interaction with zinc status might allow earlier appropriate dietary interventions in genetically susceptible subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertina Giacconi
- Immunolgy Center, Laboratory of Nutrigenomic and Immunosenenscence, Research Department, INRCA, Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy.
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