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Fraga-Germade E, Carballeira E, Iglesias-Soler E. Effect of Resistance Training Programs With Equated Power on Older Adults' Functionality and Strength: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:153-163. [PMID: 38085625 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fraga-Germade, E, Carballeira, E, and Iglesias-Soler, E. Effect of resistance training programs with equated power on older adults' functionality and strength: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 153-163, 2024-This study aimed to compare the effect of 2 training programs of equated power but differing in load intensity on older adults' functionality, strength, performance, and body composition. Forty-four active (23 female) older adults (66.3 ± 4.5 years) were randomly assigned to low-load high-velocity (LL-HV), high-load low-velocity (HL-LV), and control (CON) groups. Low-load high-velocity and HL-LV performed, twice weekly for 5 weeks, a resistance training program at 95% of their individual peak power (PP) but with different load intensities for 3 exercises: chest press (CHP), leg press (LP), and seated row (SR). Before and after the intervention, body composition, functional performance, maximal voluntary isokinetic force (MVF), PP, and a relative load-power profile (L-PP) were evaluated for every exercise. PP similarly improved in the experimental groups for SR and LP (p < 0.05). Both groups increased their MVF for the 3 exercises (p < 0.05). Positive effects on L-PP were observed in LL-HV for SR (p = 0.009) and HL-LV for LP (p < 0.001). CON decreased its global power performance in SR (p = 0.009) and CHP (p = 0.031) compared with the baseline. Both experimental groups improved Timed Up and Go performance (p < 0.05), but only HL-LV increased 6-minute walking performance (pre: 514.3 ± 89.0 m, post: 552.6 ± 65.4 m; p < 0.05). In conclusion, adding short-term power training (i.e., 10 sessions throughout 5 weeks) with loads slightly above the optimal load to nonsupervised multicomponent training might improve active older adults' functional performance and cardiovascular endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Fraga-Germade
- University of A Coruna, Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, A Coruña, Spain; and
| | - Eduardo Carballeira
- University of A Coruna, Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, A Coruña, Spain; and
- University of A Coruna, Gerontology & Geriatrics Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex of A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), Department of Physical Education and Sport. Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eliseo Iglesias-Soler
- University of A Coruna, Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, A Coruña, Spain; and
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Gargallo P, Tamayo E, Jiménez-Martínez P, Juesas A, Casaña J, Benitez-Martinez JC, Gene-Morales J, Fernandez-Garrido J, Saez GT, Colado JC. Multicomponent and power training with elastic bands improve metabolic and inflammatory parameters, body composition and anthropometry, and physical function in older women with metabolic syndrome: A 20-week randomized, controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2024; 185:112340. [PMID: 38061437 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the effects of 20 weeks of multicomponent or power training with elastic bands (EBs) on metabolic and inflammatory blood parameters, body composition, anthropometry, and physical function in older women with metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS Ninety participants were randomly assigned to a multicomponent (MCG; n = 30), power (PG; n = 30), or a control group (CG; n = 30). The MCG performed balance, slow-speed strength, and aerobic training, twice per week. The PG completed a high-speed resistance training program twice per week, composed of three to four sets of ten repetitions of six overall body exercises at a perceived rating of effort for the first repetition of 3-4 on the OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale EB. MS-related variables (glucose, triglycerides, and waist circumference) and cardiometabolic risk factors (high-density lipoprotein [HDL], glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL], C-reactive protein, and anthropometric profile) were assessed. Physical function was evaluated through balance, strength, and mobility tests. RESULTS An analysis of variance revealed that both training groups similarly improved most glycemic and lipidic profile parameters (p ≤ 0.006; d ≥ 0.46), body composition and anthropometry (p < 0.001; d ≥ 0.41), and physical function (p ≤ 0.005; d ≥ 0.69). Opposed to the PG, the MCG improved balance (p < 0.001; d = 0.96) and decreased the inflammatory status by downregulating C-reactive protein (p = 0.003; d = 0.47). On the other hand, the PG exhibited improvements in handgrip strength (p = 0.006; d = 0.48), while the MCG did not. CONCLUSION Therefore, multicomponent and power training with EBs are plausible strategies for improving the cardiometabolic health status and physical function in older women with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gargallo
- Research Group on Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Tamayo
- Research Unit in Sport and Health, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Pablo Jiménez-Martínez
- Research Group on Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Juesas
- Research Group on Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jose Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Josep C Benitez-Martinez
- Research Group on Physiotherapy Technology and Recovering (FTR), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Gene-Morales
- Research Group on Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Julio Fernandez-Garrido
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Guillermo T Saez
- Research Group on Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital Dr. Peset-FISABIO, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan C Colado
- Research Group on Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Lopez P, Rech A, Petropoulou M, Newton RU, Taaffe DR, Galvão DA, Turella DJP, Freitas SR, Radaelli R. Does High-Velocity Resistance Exercise Elicit Greater Physical Function Benefits Than Traditional Resistance Exercise in Older Adults? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 79 Trials. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1471-1482. [PMID: 36378500 PMCID: PMC10395570 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic review and network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of different modes of resistance exercise velocity in fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests in older adults. METHODS CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scielo, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to February 2022. Eligible randomized trials examined the effects of supervised high-velocity or traditional resistance exercise in older adults (ie, ≥60 years). The primary outcome for this review was physical function measured by fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests, while maximal muscle power and muscle strength were secondary. A random-effects network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effects of different resistance exercise interventions. RESULTS Eighty articles describing 79 trials (n = 3 575) were included. High-velocity resistance exercise was the most effective for improving fast walking speed (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00 to 0.87), timed-up and go (SMD -0.76, 95% CI: -1.05 to -0.47), and 5-times sit-to-stand (SMD -0.74, 95% CI: -1.20 to -0.27), while traditional resistance exercise was the most effective for 30-second sit-to-stand (SMD 1.01, 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.34) and 6-minute walking (SMD 0.68, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.03). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that resistance exercise velocity effects are specific in older adults, as evidenced by physical function test dependence. We suggest that prescriptions based on the velocity of contraction should be individualized to address the specific functional needs of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lopez
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anderson Rech
- Curso de Educação Física, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Petropoulou
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Douglas J P Turella
- Curso de Educação Física, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sandro R Freitas
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Régis Radaelli
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
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Morrison RT, Taylor S, Buckley J, Twist C, Kite C. High-velocity power training has similar effects to traditional resistance training for functional performance in older adults: a systematic review. J Physiother 2023; 69:148-159. [PMID: 37328359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
QUESTIONS What is the effect of high-velocity power training (HVPT) compared with traditional resistance training (TRT) on functional performance in older adults? What is the quality of intervention reporting for the relevant literature? DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PARTICIPANTS Older adults (aged > 60 years), regardless of health status, baseline functional capacity or residential status. INTERVENTIONS High-velocity power training with the intent to perform the concentric phase as quickly as possible compared with traditional moderate-velocity resistance training performed with a concentric phase of ≥ 2 seconds. OUTCOME MEASURES Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), five times sit-to-stand test (5-STS), 30-second sit-to-stand test (30-STS), gait speed tests, static or dynamic balance tests, stair climb tests and walking tests for distance. The quality of intervention reporting was assessed with the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) score. RESULTS Nineteen trials with 1,055 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with TRT, HVPT had a weak-to-moderate effect on change from baseline scores for the SPPB (SMD 0.27, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.53; low-quality evidence) and TUG (SMD 0.35, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.63; low-quality evidence). The effect of HVPT relative to TRT for other outcomes remained very uncertain. The average CERT score across all trials was 53%, with two trials rated high quality and four rated moderate quality. CONCLUSION HVPT had similar effects to TRT for functional performance in older adults, but there is considerable uncertainty in most estimates. HVPT had better effects on the SPPB and TUG, but it is unclear whether the benefit is large enough to be clinically worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Morrison
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Society, University of Chester, University Centre Shrewsbury, Shrewsbury, UK
| | - Sue Taylor
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Society, University of Chester, University Centre Shrewsbury, Shrewsbury, UK
| | - John Buckley
- The School of Allied Health Professions, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Craig Twist
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chris Kite
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Society, University of Chester, University Centre Shrewsbury, Shrewsbury, UK; School of Public Health Studies, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, UK; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK; Centre for Sport, Exercise & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
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5
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Power Training Prescription in Older Individuals: Is It Safe and Effective to Promote Neuromuscular Functional Improvements? Sports Med 2023; 53:569-576. [PMID: 36036337 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Muscle power has been reported to be critical in counteracting age-related declines in functional performance. Muscle power output in functional performance exercises can be greatly improved in a short period of time (i.e., ≤ 12 weeks) using specific exercise interventions such as power training (i.e., exercises attempting to move loads ranging from 20 to 70% of 1-repetition maximum as fast as possible during the concentric muscle action, followed by a controlled, slower eccentric muscle action). Despite the widespread evidence on the effectiveness of power training in older adults (~ 300 scientific articles published on this topic in the past 10 years), some scientists do not recommend the use of explosive-type muscular contractions during resistance training (i.e., power training) for the older population; indeed, some international guidelines do not mention this type of exercise for older people. The reasons underlying this absence of mention and recommendation for the use of power training as a fundamental exercise strategy for older people are still not well known. Therefore, we attempted to point out the main issues about safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of muscle power training to promote neuromuscular functional improvements in older people.
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Marques DL, Neiva HP, Marinho DA, Pires IM, Nunes C, Marques MC. Load-power relationship in older adults: The influence of maximal mean and peak power values and their associations with lower and upper-limb functional capacity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1007772. [PMID: 36213245 PMCID: PMC9539920 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1007772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the relative loads (%1RM) that maximize power output (Pmax-load) in resistance exercises can help design interventions to optimize muscle power in older adults. Moreover, examining the maximal mean power (MPmax) and peak power (PPmax) values (Watts) would allow an understanding of their differences and associations with functionality markers in older adults. Therefore, this research aimed to 1) analyze the load-mean and peak power relationships in the leg press and chest press in older adults, 2) examine the differences between mean Pmax-load (MPmax-load) and peak Pmax-load (PPmax-load) within resistance exercises, 3) identify the differences between resistance exercises in MPmax-load and PPmax-load, and 4) explore the associations between MPmax and PPmax in the leg press and chest press with functional capacity indicators. Thirty-two older adults (79.3 ± 7.3 years) performed the following tests: medicine ball throw (MBT), five-repetition sit-to-stand (STS), 10-m walking (10 W), and a progressive loading test in the leg press and chest press. Quadratic regressions analyzed 1) the load-mean and peak power relationships and identified the MPmax-load, MPmax, PPmax-load, and PPmax in both exercises, 2) the associations between MPmax and PPmax in the chest press with MBT, and 3) the associations between MPmax and PPmax in the leg press with STSpower and 10Wvelocity. In the leg press, the MPmax-load was ∼66% 1RM, and the PPmax-load was ∼62% 1RM, both for women and men (p > 0.05). In the chest press, the MPmax-load was ∼62% 1RM, and the PPmax-load was ∼56% 1RM, both for women and men (p > 0.05). There were differences between MPmax-load and PPmax-load within exercises (p < 0.01) and differences between exercises in MPmax-load and PPmax-load (p < 0.01). The MPmax and PPmax in the chest press explained ∼48% and ∼52% of the MBT-1 kg and MBT-3 kg variance, respectively. In the leg press, the MPmax and PPmax explained ∼59% of STSpower variance; however, both variables could not explain the 10Wvelocity performance (r2 ∼ 0.02). This study shows that the Pmax-load is similar between sexes, is resistance exercise-specific, and varies within exercises depending on the mechanical power variable used in older adults. Furthermore, this research demonstrates the influence of the MBT as an upper-limb power marker in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Luís Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Diogo Luís Marques, ; Mário Cardoso Marques,
| | - Henrique Pereira Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel Almeida Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ivan Miguel Pires
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Célia Nunes
- Department of Mathematics, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Centre of Mathematics and Applications, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Cardoso Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Diogo Luís Marques, ; Mário Cardoso Marques,
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The Effects of 32 Weeks of Multicomponent Training with Different Exercises Order in Elderly Women’s Functional Fitness and Body Composition. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58050628. [PMID: 35630045 PMCID: PMC9146974 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Starting the multicomponent training sessions with aerobic-based exercises or resistance-based exercises may have different effects on functional fitness and body composition. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of the order of exercises in elderly women’s physical fitness and body composition by multicomponent training. Materials and Methods: A sample of 91 elderly females, aged between 60 and 81, were randomly divided into three groups (A, B, C). Each group performed the following order of exercises: Group A consisted of warm-up followed by aerobic training, strength training, stretching and cool down; Group B consisted of warm-up followed by strength training, aerobic training, stretching and cool down; while the control group (C) did not perform any exercise. Functional fitness and body composition were assessed at 3 moments of the 32 weeks (baseline and after each 16-week) intervention. One-way ANOVA for comparison between groups, ANOVA for repeated measures and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that the functional fitness and body composition varied over the 32 weeks of multicomponent training. However, group A seems to show higher improvements in more variables. Conclusion: In the current study, group A obtained better results in most of the evaluated parameters. Thus, to improve functional fitness, warm-up, followed by aerobic training, strength training and relaxation may be the most suitable training for elderly women.
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The Effects of High-Speed Resistance Training on Health Outcomes in Independent Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095390. [PMID: 35564788 PMCID: PMC9099943 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human ageing involves several physiological impairments—in particular, a decrease in sensorimotor function and changes in the nervous system reduce muscle strength, power, balance, and functional capacity performance. Preventive strategies are essential to ensure the quality of life of the elderly. High-speed resistance training (HSRT) may be an effective approach to muscle power development in this population, with significant short-term effects on neural adaptations and muscle power production. Therefore, the present study intends to analyze and systematize the studies focused on HSRT interventions and their effects on health outcomes in independent older adults. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Scielo) were used for the purposes of searching randomized controlled trials that measured at least one key outcome measure focusing on velocity-based training and health outcomes in older adults on 7 March 2022 and identified 1950 studies. At the end of the process, fourteen studies were included in this systematic review and ten studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The main results showed that HSRT interventions would improve health measures, mostly cognitive function (large effects, p = 0.001, SMD = 0.94), neuromuscular function (moderate effects, p = 0.003, SMD = 0.70), and physical function (moderate effects, p = 0.04, SMD = 0.55 and p = 0.009, SMD = −0.59). Additionally, the results suggested that interventions with ten weeks or more, performed three times a week, provide significant improvements in neuromuscular function. In this sense, HSRT is effective for improving overall health outcomes in older adults. Future studies should include proper follow-ups (e.g., minimum six months) to assess the durability of HSRT intervention effects on all health-related variables.
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Flywheel Training in Older Adults—A Systematic Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The process of healthy aging might be reconsidered, based on the nonfatal outcomes of falls in older adults. Flywheel training is a relatively new training method used by different age groups, which enables the muscles to contract at maximum force in minimum time. The study aim was to summarize the relevant literature about the effects of flywheel training in older adults and to determine its efficiency and feasibility. PRISMA guidelines were followed for both the search and analysis. Electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and SPORTDiscuss) yielded 9915 studies, but we have included studies published in English between 2005 and 2021, cross-sectional and pre-post treatments, with older adults (≥60 years) as the sample, where flywheel training was conducted. A total of nine studies have met the pre-defined criteria and entered the systematic review, with a total of 216 participants, both male and female. After analyzing the obtained results, it can be concluded that flywheel training showed physical, neuromuscular, and functional improvements in older adults. However, the review did not reveal an optimal duration, frequency, intensity, or volume. Furthermore, it can be stated that this training method can be considered as an appropriate form of activity in older adults, as a tool for improving overall health.
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10
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High-velocity resistance training mitigates physiological and functional impairments in middle-aged and older adults with and without mobility-limitation. GeroScience 2022; 44:1175-1197. [PMID: 35084687 PMCID: PMC8792527 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the neuromuscular, morphological, and functional responses to a high-velocity resistance training (HVRT) program between three cohorts: middle-aged adults (40–55 years, n = 18), healthy older adults (> 60 years, n = 18), and mobility-limited older adults (n = 8). Participants were tested before and after a 4-week control period and then assigned to a 12-week HVRT intervention. Investigated outcomes included ultrasound-derived muscle thickness and quality, maximal dynamic strength (1RM), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and muscle activation (sEMG), as well as muscle power and functional performance. After the intervention, quadriceps muscle thickness, 1RM, and sEMG improved in all three groups (all p < 0.05), whereas muscle quality improved only in middle-aged and older participants (p ≤ 0.001), and MVIC only in middle-aged and mobility-limited older adults (p < 0.05). With a few exceptions, peak power improved in all groups from 30–90% 1RM (p < 0.05) both when tested relative to pre-training or post-training 1RM workloads (all p < 0.05). Both mobility-limited older adults and older adults improved their short physical performance battery score (p < 0.05). Chair stand, stair climb, maximal gait speed, and timed up-and-go performance, on the other hand, improved in all three groups (p < 0.05), but no change was observed for habitual gait speed and 6-min walk test performance. Overall, our results demonstrate that a HVRT intervention can build a stronger foundation in middle-aged individuals so that they can better deal with age-related impairments at the same time that it can mitigate already present physiological and functional impairments in older adults with and without mobility-limitation.
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11
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Filho MM, Venturini GR, Moreira OC, Leitão L, Mira PAC, de Castro JBP, Aidar FJ, Novaes JDS, Vianna JM, Caputo Ferreira ME. Effects of Different Types of Resistance Training and Detraining on Functional Capacity, Muscle Strength, and Power in Older Women. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:984-990. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Schaun GZ, Bamman MM, Alberton CL. High-velocity resistance training as a tool to improve functional performance and muscle power in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2021; 156:111593. [PMID: 34656749 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aging process results in several physiological impairments that, in turn, may predispose older individuals to a series of restrictions on their functional capacity. These impairments are important to understand so that suitable conditions for healthier aging can be pursued. In this review, we first summarize the effects of aging on the neuromuscular system, as well as on the relation between the main age-associated physiological impairments and functional performance with an emphasis on muscle power output. We then proceed to discuss the effects of resistance training, specifically high-velocity resistance training (HVRT), on the aforementioned neuromuscular impairments, and on functional performance in healthy and mobility-limited older adults. Collectively, available evidence suggests that HVRT seems to be a safe and effective intervention for improving muscle power, functional performance, and mobility of older individuals. It also seems that mobility-limited older adults may improve power and functional performance to a greater extent than their healthy counterparts after HVRT, which is in line with the principle of diminishing returns. Considering that only a very limited number of investigations directly compared the effects of HVRT in more than one of the aforementioned groups, studies comparing the adaptations to HVRT of middle-aged adults and older adults with distinct functional capacities would be valuable to determine whether there are differences in neuromuscular adaptations, functional performance, and functional reserve among these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Z Schaun
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States of America
| | - Cristine L Alberton
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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13
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Streit IA, Pinto SS, Silva ADS, Bezerra EDS. Body weight multicomponent program improves power and functional capacity responses in older adults: A quasi-experimental study. Exp Gerontol 2021; 155:111553. [PMID: 34534623 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of multicomponent training with body weight on functional capacity response and power in aging persons. Twenty-seven active older women were assigned for convenience to control (active CG) or multicomponent training groups (MTG). The two groups exercised for 10 weeks, the active CG carried out the usual activities of the community service program, while the MTG followed a multicomponent training program. The countermovement and squat jump height (cm), medicine ball throwing distance (cm), time (s) to complete the tests: chair stand, timed up and go, and stair ascent and descent with 8 steps, and the total number of repetitions during 30 s of the tests: chair stand and arm curl were evaluated before (baseline) and after (post-training) the training period. For all analyses, we used estimation statistics, which focus on the effect size of the experiment/intervention, as opposed to significance testing. Changes over 10 weeks showed a large effect (d, >0.8) favoring the multicomponent training group compared to the active control group for all functional capacity performance and power variables (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, body weight multicomponent training is effective for improving basic functional capacity and upper and lower limb power abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Amanda Streit
- Programa Universitário de Extensão Comunitária "Idoso Feliz Participa Sempre", Faculdade de Educação Física e Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Faculdade de Educação Física e Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Suzy S Pinto
- Secretaria de Estado de Educação e Desporto do Amazonas (SEDUC-AM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SEMED), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Laboratório de Estudos do Desempenho Humano, Faculdade de Educação Física e Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Andreza Dos S Silva
- Programa Universitário de Extensão Comunitária "Idoso Feliz Participa Sempre", Faculdade de Educação Física e Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Ewertton de S Bezerra
- Programa Universitário de Extensão Comunitária "Idoso Feliz Participa Sempre", Faculdade de Educação Física e Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Laboratório de Estudos do Desempenho Humano, Faculdade de Educação Física e Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Faculdade de Educação Física e Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil..
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Prescription and Effects of Strength Training in Individuals with Intellectual Disability-A Systematic Review. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9090125. [PMID: 34564330 PMCID: PMC8470102 DOI: 10.3390/sports9090125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The practice of physical exercise (PE), especially strength training (ST), has health benefits in the healthy population; however, the literature is scarce in the recommendations related to the population with intellectual disability (ID). This study represents the first analysis on the topic and aims to examine the structure and efficacy of ST experimental intervention programs in individuals with ID. This systematic review was carried out between January and April 2021, using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases, according to the PRISMA guidelines. From a total of 166 studies, eight were included in the present systematic review. The studies included a total of 280 individuals (18.23 ± 2.86 years old). The main features of the exercise programs are: 12 weeks average duration, three weekly sessions of 45–60 min, six to seven exercises targeting the main muscle groups, two to three sets, 6–12 repetitions, and avoiding free weights for safety reasons. The main results showed increments in strength, balance and fat-free mass and decrements in fat mass and waist circumference. It is a useful guideline for PE technicians to prescribe and adjust correctly in order to not only promote physical fitness, but improve the quality of life of individuals with ID.
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Heavy Resistance Training in Older Adults: Effects of Type Exercise on Functional Capacity, Maximal Muscle Strength and Power. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-021-09440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Schons P, da Silva ES, Coertjens M, Oliveira HB, Fischer G, Costa RR, Preissler AAB, Knorst MM, Peyré-Tartaruga LA. The relationship between height of vertical jumps, functionality and fall episodes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case-control study. Exp Gerontol 2021; 152:111457. [PMID: 34157377 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the height of jumps and functional parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to those in healthy people, in addition to assessing the relationship among variables in patients with COPD. Twenty patients with COPD (forced expiratory volume [FEV1] % of predicted: 39.98 ± 11.69%; age: 62.95 ± 8.06 years) and 16 healthy people (FEV1% of predicted: 97.44 ± 14.45%; age: 59.94 ± 6.43 years) were evaluated, and all participants performed the Squat Jump (SJ) and Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) tests to assess rapid force considering the jumping height. Functional capacity was assessed using the self-selected walking speed tests, walking speed in 10 m, walking test in 6 min, balance on one leg, sitting and standing, timed up and go, and a stair-climbing test. In addition, the questionnaires on recall of falls, Falls Efficacy Scale-International (concern with falling), International Physical Activity Questionnaires, and Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire were administered. The height of the jumps showed no difference between the groups, but the COPD group performed worse in most functional tests and was more afraid of falling. The number of falls was correlated with height in the SJ (r = -0.51) and CMJ (r = -0.62) jumps (p < 0.05), and with the performance in different functional tests. We suggest that interventions targeting rapid force may bring improvements in functional mobility and physical fitness as well as reducing fall episodes in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Schons
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Edson Soares da Silva
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Coertjens
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Fischer
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rochelle Rocha Costa
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marli Maria Knorst
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Alexandre Peyré-Tartaruga
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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17
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Choi H, Hong N, Park N, Kim CO, Kim HC, Choi JY, Youm Y, Rhee Y. Computed Tomography-Derived Skeletal Muscle Radiodensity Predicts Peak Weight-Corrected Jump Power in Older Adults: The Korean Urban Rural Elderly (KURE) Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:764-774. [PMID: 33566115 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT)-derived skeletal muscle area (SMA) and skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) reflect distinctive quantitative and qualitative characteristics of skeletal muscles. However, data on whether CT-based muscle parameters, especially SMD, can predict muscle function is limited. In a prospective cohort, 1523 community-dwelling older adults who underwent abdominal CT scans and the countermovement two-legged jumping test on a ground reaction force platform were analyzed (mean age 74.7 years, 65.1% women). SMA and SMD were measured at third lumbar vertebra level (L3). Individuals with low jump power (peak weight-corrected jump power < 23.8 W/kg in men and < 19.0 W/kg in women using clinically validated threshold) were older; had lower SMA, SMD, and maximal grip strength values; and had lower chair rise test and timed up and go test performance than those without low jump power. SMD was positively associated with peak weight-corrected jump power (adjusted β = 0.33 and 0.23 per 1 HU increase in men and women, respectively, p < 0.001). One HU decrement in SMD was associated with 10% elevated odds of low jump power (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.10, p < 0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, height, inflammation, and insulin resistance markers, whereas the association of SMA with low jump power was attenuated (aOR 1.00, p = 0.721). SMD showed better discrimination for low jump power than SMA (AUC 0.699 vs. 0.617, p < 0.001), with additional improvement when added to SMA and conventional risk factors (AUC 0.745 to 0.773, p < 0.001). Therefore, CT-measured L3 SMD can be a sensitive surrogate marker for muscle function along with SMA in older adults, which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Choi
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Namki Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Narae Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Chang Oh Kim
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosik Youm
- Department of Sociology, Yonsei University College of Social Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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18
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Garnacho-Castaño MV, Faundez-Zanuy M, Serra-Payá N, Maté-Muñoz JL, López-Xarbau J, Vila-Blanch M. Reliability and Validity of the Polar V800 Sports Watch for Estimating Vertical Jump Height. JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2021; 20:149-157. [PMID: 33707998 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Polar V800 to measure vertical jump height. Twenty-two physically active healthy men (age: 22.89 ± 4.23 years; body mass: 70.74 ± 8.04 kg; height: 1.74 ± 0.76 m) were recruited for the study. The reliability was evaluated by comparing measurements acquired by the Polar V800 in two identical testing sessions one week apart. Validity was assessed by comparing measurements simultaneously obtained using a force platform (gold standard), high-speed camera and the Polar V800 during squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests. In the test-retest reliability, high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were observed (mean: 0.90, SJ and CMJ) in the Polar V800. There was no significant systematic bias ± random errors (p > 0.05) between test-retest. Low coefficients of variation (<5%) were detected in both jumps in the Polar V800. In the validity assessment, similar jump height was detected among devices (p > 0.05). There was almost perfect agreement between the Polar V800 compared to a force platform for the SJ and CMJ tests (Mean ICCs = 0.95; no systematic bias ± random errors in SJ mean: -0.38 ± 2.10 cm, p > 0.05). Mean ICC between the Polar V800 versus high-speed camera was 0.91 for the SJ and CMJ tests, however, a significant systematic bias ± random error (0.97 ± 2.60 cm; p = 0.01) was detected in CMJ test. The Polar V800 offers valid, compared to force platform, and reliable information about vertical jump height performance in physically active healthy young men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noemí Serra-Payá
- GRI-AFIRS, School of Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L Maté-Muñoz
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Moisés Vila-Blanch
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Higher Education Centre Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Hooshmand-Moghadam B, Eskandari M, Shabkhiz F, Mojtahedi S, Mahmoudi N. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in combination with resistance training reduced blood pressure in the elderly hypertensive men: A randomized controlled trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 87:3255-3267. [PMID: 33496985 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to determine the independent and combined effects of saffron and resistance training on blood pressure (BP) and some chemical biomarkers in the elderly with hypertension. METHODS The present study was a randomized clinical trial on hypertensive men aged 60-70 years who were assigned to a control group (CO) and 3 experimental groups; resistance training (RT); saffron (S); and resistance training + saffron (RTS) for 12 weeks. Dynamic resistance training was applied with moderate intensity. Patients in S and RTS received 1 tablet containing 200 mg of saffron daily. BP variables, chemical biomarkers and anthropometric indicators were measured at weeks 0, 6, 12 and 18. Data were analysed by repeated measurements ANOVA with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS In comparison to the CO (153.3 ± 1.18, CI = 10.9-20.2, P < .001) and S (143.3 ± 1.18, CI = 0.97-10.2, P = .01), RTS (137.7 ± 1.18) reduced systolic BP with the effect size partial η2 of 0.68. Nitric oxide increased in the RTS compared to the CO group (CI = 0.13-0.62, P = .001). There was a significant increase and decrease in adiponectin and endothelin-1 in the S (CI = 0.03-1.20, P = .012; CI = 4.30-17.3, P < .001) and RT (CI = 0.36-1.60, P < .001; CI = 2.26-15.3, P = .003) compared to the CO, respectively. The partial η2 for nitric oxide, adiponectin and ET-1 were 0.35, 0.35 and 0.38, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups for atrial natriuretic peptide. CONCLUSIONS Resistance training and consumption of saffron can improve BP in the elderly with hypertension by affecting the factors involved in altering vascular endothelial resistance. The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Iran's sports science research institution (IR.SSRC.REC.1398.020) and registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20190731044398N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Hooshmand-Moghadam
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Eskandari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shabkhiz
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Mojtahedi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Mahmoudi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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Pfeifer LO, Botton CE, Diefenthaeler F, Umpierre D, Pinto RS. Effects of a power training program in the functional capacity, on body balance and lower limb muscle strength of elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:1529-1537. [PMID: 33480514 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.11880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of interventions with muscle power training on balance and functionality in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are still poorly investigated. We evaluated the efficacy of a twelve-week power training program in the functional capacity, balance and lower limb muscle power and strength of elderly with T2DM. METHODS Twenty-one subjects (14 women and seven men) were allocated into two groups. One of the groups (PTG) performed a power training program twice a week (N.=11; age 70.5±7.8 years old), and the other was an active control group (CG) that performed a weekly stretching session (N.=10; age 66±3.2 years old). Outcomes of interest were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks, these included functional capacity, balance, muscle strength and power. RESULTS The PTG participants improved their dynamic balance (P=0.027) and decrease in the time to perform the gait speed test (P<0.001), evaluated by the short physical performance battery (SPPB). Also showed a statically significant change muscle power (P=0.034) and maximal dynamic knee extension strength (P=0.023), with increments of 24% and 34%, respectively, in comparison to the CG. Both groups showed significant changes in the performance of the five-times-sit-to-stand test (P<0.001) and the SPPB score (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS The power training program was able to promote improvements in some functional parameters as on the body balance and functional capacity and muscle strength of the elderly with T2DM. The training method was effective and safe, with no adverse effects during sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinéia O Pfeifer
- Exercise Pathophysiology Laboratory, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil -
| | - Cíntia E Botton
- Exercise Pathophysiology Laboratory, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Umpierre
- Exercise Pathophysiology Laboratory, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ronei S Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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21
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High-Speed Bodyweight Resistance Training Improves Functional Performance Through Maximal Velocity in Older Females. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 29:659-669. [PMID: 33361494 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The authors compared the effects of bodyweight resistance training at moderate- or high-speed conditions on muscle power, velocity of movement, and functional performance in older females. In a randomized, single-blinded noncontrolled trial, participants completed 12 weeks (three sessions/week) of bodyweight resistance training at high (n = 14; age = 70.6 ± 4.3 years) or moderate (n = 12; age = 72.8 ± 4.2 years) speeds. Data were analyzed with an analysis of variance (Group × Time) with α level set at <.05. After the intervention, timed up and go test performance (p < .05) and the rising from a chair test mean (22.4%) and maximal velocity (28.5%), mean (24.4%) and maximal power (27.7%), normalized mean (25.1%), and normalized maximal power (28.5%) increased in the high-speed group (p < .05). However, the moderate-speed group achieved no improvements (Δ6.7-14.4%; p > .2). The authors conclude that high-speed bodyweight resistance training is an effective and economically practical strategy to improve the functional capacity of older women relevant to daily life activities.
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Marques DL, Neiva HP, Marinho DA, Marques MC. Novel Resistance Training Approach to Monitoring the Volume in Older Adults: The Role of Movement Velocity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7557. [PMID: 33080817 PMCID: PMC7589697 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of velocity-monitored resistance training (RT) with a velocity loss of 20% on strength and functional capacity in institutionalized older adults. Thirty-nine participants (78.8 ± 6.7 years) were divided into a control group (CG; n = 20) or an RT group (n = 19). Over 10 weeks, the RT group performed two sessions per week, and the mean velocity of each repetition was monitored in the leg-press and chest-press exercises at 40-65% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). The set ended when the participants reached a velocity loss of 20%. The CG maintained their daily routine. At pre- and post-test, both groups were assessed in the 1RM leg-press, 1RM chest-press, handgrip strength, medicine ball throw (MBT), walking speed, and sit-to-stand (STS). At baseline, we did not find significant differences between groups. After 10 weeks, we observed significant differences (p < 0.001-0.01) between groups in the 1RM leg-press, 1RM chest-press, MBT-1 kg, and STS. The RT group performed a total number of repetitions of 437.6 ± 66.1 in the leg-press and 296.4 ± 78.9 in the chest-press. Our results demonstrate that velocity loss effectively prescribes the volume in older adults and that a threshold of 20% improves strength-related variables in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo L. Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (D.L.M.); (H.P.N.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Henrique P. Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (D.L.M.); (H.P.N.); (D.A.M.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel A. Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (D.L.M.); (H.P.N.); (D.A.M.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário C. Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (D.L.M.); (H.P.N.); (D.A.M.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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23
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Van Roie E, Walker S, Van Driessche S, Delabastita T, Vanwanseele B, Delecluse C. An age-adapted plyometric exercise program improves dynamic strength, jump performance and functional capacity in older men either similarly or more than traditional resistance training. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237921. [PMID: 32841300 PMCID: PMC7447006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Power declines at a greater rate during ageing and is more relevant for functional deterioration than either loss of maximum strength or muscle mass. Human movement typically consists of stretch-shortening cycle action. Therefore, plyometric exercises, using an eccentric phase quickly followed by a concentric phase to optimize power production, should resemble daily function more than traditional resistance training, which primarily builds force production capacity in general. However, it is unclear whether older adults can sustain such high-impact training. This study compared the effects of plyometric exercise (PLYO) on power, force production, jump and functional performance to traditional resistance training (RT) and walking (WALK) in older men. Importantly, feasibility was investigated. Forty men (69.5 ± 3.9 years) were randomized to 12-weeks of PLYO (N = 14), RT (N = 12) or WALK (N = 14). Leg press one-repetition maximum (1-RM), leg-extensor isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and rate of force development (RFD), jump and functional performance were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. One subject in RT (low back pain) and three in PLYO (2 muscle strains, 1 knee pain) dropped out. Adherence to (91.2 ± 4.4%) and acceptability of (≥ 7/10) PLYO was high. 1-RM improved more in RT (25.0 ± 10.0%) and PLYO (23.0 ± 13.6%) than in WALK (2.9 ± 13.7%) (p < 0.001). PLYO improved more on jump height, jump power, contraction time of jumps and stair climbing performance compared to WALK and/or RT (p < 0.05). MVC improved in RT only (p = 0.028) and RFD did not improve (p > 0.05). To conclude, PLYO is beneficial over RT for improving power, jump and stair climbing performance without compromising gains in strength. This form of training seems feasible, but contains an inherent higher risk for injuries, which should be taken into account when designing programs for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Van Roie
- Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Simon Walker
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Stijn Van Driessche
- Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tijs Delabastita
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Vanwanseele
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Delecluse
- Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Vasconcelos ABS, Resende-Neto AGD, Nogueira AC, Aragão-Santos JC, Monteiro MRP, Morais Junior GS, Avelar GG, Camargo EA, Nóbrega ODT, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME. Functional and traditional training improve muscle power and reduce proinflammatory cytokines in older women: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2020; 135:110920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Pinho JP, Forner-Cordero A, Rodrigues Pereira RM, Hernandez AJ, Dórea EL, Mezêncio B, Takayama L, Alvarenga JC, Serrão JC, Amadio AC. A High-Intensity Exercise Intervention Improves Older Women Lumbar Spine and Distal Tibia Bone Microstructure and Function: A 20-Week Randomized Controlled Trial. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2020; 8:2100108. [PMID: 31966932 PMCID: PMC6964965 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2019.2963189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The effects of ageing on bone can be mitigated with different types of physical training, such as power training. However, stimuli that combine increasing external and internal loads concomitantly may improve bone quality. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of a combined power and plyometric training on lumbar spine and distal tibia microstructure and function. Methods: 38 sedentary elderly women between 60 and 70 years were randomly allocated in experimental (N = 21) and control group (N = 17). The effects of the 20-week protocol on lumbar spine microstructure and tibia microstructure and function were assessed by trabecular bone score (TBS), high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and microfinite element analysis. Results: when compared to the effects found in the control group, the experimental group showed significant improvements in lumbar spine TBS (Hedges' g = 0.77); and in distal tibia trabecular thickness (g = 0.82) and trabecular bone mineral density (g=0.63). Conclusion: our findings underscore the effectiveness of the proposed intervention, suggesting it as a new strategy to slow down and even reverse the structural and functional losses in the skeletal system due to ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Pinho
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and SportsUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo05508-220Brazil
- Biomechatronics LaboratoryEscola Politécnica of the University of São PauloSão Paulo05508-220Brazil
| | - Arturo Forner-Cordero
- Biomechatronics LaboratoryEscola Politécnica of the University of São PauloSão Paulo05508-220Brazil
- Institute of Advanced StudiesSão Paulo05508-220Brazil
| | | | - Arnaldo José Hernandez
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo05508-220Brazil
| | - Egídio Lima Dórea
- University Hospital, University of São PauloSão Paulo05508-220Brazil
| | - Bruno Mezêncio
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and SportsUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo05508-220Brazil
| | - Liliam Takayama
- Biomechatronics LaboratoryEscola Politécnica of the University of São PauloSão Paulo05508-220Brazil
| | | | - Júlio Cerca Serrão
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and SportsUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo05508-220Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Amadio
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and SportsUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo05508-220Brazil
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Lemos ECWM, Guadagnin EC, Mota CB. Influence of strength training and multicomponent training on the functionality of older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2020v22e6070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Physical exercise is an important option to maintain functional independence in older adults, however, it is not clear which type of exercise is the most benefic: strength or multicomponent. The objective was to verify the effectiveness of strength training and multicomponent training on functionality of healthy older patients through a systematic review with meta-analysis. Registration number: CRD42017071887. Two independent evaluators searched Pubmed, Web of Science, PEDro, Cochrane and Lilacs databases. Of the 1434 studies found, 32 clinical trials that investigated the effects of strength training only and/or combined with other modalities (multicomponent) in older adults and evaluated the Timed up and Go (TUG), sit-to-stand (STS) and/or Berg Balance Scale (BBS were included. The methodological quality was evaluated with the Downs & Black scale. Data analysis was performed with the Software Review Manager. It was verified improvement in all the investigated outcomes when performing multicomponent training in comparison to control groups. Strength training, compared to control groups, showed benefit only for sit to stand test. Studies comparing the two trainings found no difference between them. The not high average score in the methodological quality assessment of the included studies is a limitation of the present study. In conclusion, both types of training were effective to improve functionality and are good strategies of training for older individuals. However, as the comparison between the two types of training was performed in few studies, it is not possible to infer which is more effective for the functionality, suggesting the realization of new clinical trials.
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Ramírez-Villada JF, Cadena-Duarte LL, Gutiérrez-Galvis AR, Argothy-Bucheli R, Moreno-Ramírez Y. Effects of explosive and impact exercises on gait parameters in elderly women. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v67n4.75051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested that physical activity programs combining low impact exercises and resistance exercises help maintaining functional capacity in older adults.Objective: To analyze the effects of an aquatic training program involving both impact and explosive exercises on gait parameters of women aged 60 and above.Materials and methods: 60 physically active women (64.08±3.98 years) were divided into 2 groups: those training in a pool by performing series of jumps, i.e., the experimental group (EG= 35), and the control group (CG=35). EG participants trained 3 times per week during 32 weeks in an hour per session basis. Body composition measurements, explosive strength, and gait parameters (in a 6 meters long track) were assessed using the center of pressure (COP) indicator before and after participating in the training program.Results: When comparing both groups, differences in explosive strength and power (EG vs. CG; p values=from 0.05 to 001) were observed, as well as changes in gait parameters related to the COP (EG vs. CG: p = 0.05-001), in particular EG participants had significant and positive changes.Conclusion: The aquatic training program described here produced an increase in muscle strength and muscle power, thus gait parameters were improved. Bearing this in mind, an improved availability of similar programs for older adults should be considered, since their participation in these programs could help them improve their functional capacity, and, thus, their quality of life.
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Marques DL, Neiva HP, Faíl LB, Gil MH, Marques MC. Acute effects of low and high-volume resistance training on hemodynamic, metabolic and neuromuscular parameters in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2019; 125:110685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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The Role of Genetic Profile in Functional Performance Adaptations to Exercise Training or Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Aging Phys Act 2019; 27:594-616. [PMID: 30676214 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2018-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Variations in genotype may contribute to heterogeneity in functional adaptations to exercise. Methods: A systematic search of eight databases was conducted, and 9,696 citations were screened. Results: Eight citations from seven studies measuring 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and nine different functional performance test outcomes were included in the review. There was one observational study of physical activity and six experimental studies of aerobic or resistance training. The ACE (D) allele, ACTN3 (RR) genotype, UCP2 (GG) genotype, IL-6-174 (GG) genotype, TNF-α-308 (GG) genotype, and IL-10-1082 (GG) genotype all predicted significantly superior adaptations in at least one functional outcome in older men and women after prescribed exercise or in those with higher levels of physical activity. Conclusion: There is a small amount of evidence that older adults may have better functional outcomes after exercise/physical activity if they have specific alleles related to musculoskeletal function or inflammation. However, more robust trials are needed.
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Carvalho LP, Pion CH, El Hajj Boutros G, Gaudreau P, Chevalier S, Bélanger M, Morais JA, Aubertin-Leheudre M. Effect of a 12-week mixed power training on physical function in dynapenic-obese older men: does severity of dynapenia matter? Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:977-984. [PMID: 30293107 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-1048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mobility disability affects nearly 15% of people aged 65 or over worldwide. Excess weight or obesity (OB), along with an accentuated loss of muscle strength (dynapenia), is recognized to be one of the most common risk factors for mobility impairment among the elderly. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of a 12-week mixed power training (MPT high-velocity resistance training mixed with functional exercises) on physical function in obese older men exhibiting different severities of dynapenia. METHODS Community-dwelling older men (69 ± 6 years) were assigned to the study if they were considered obese (OB, fat mass ≥ 25% body weight, BW) and to one of the two groups according to severity of dynapenia [(handgrip strength-HS)/BW]: type 1(OB-DY1) or type 2(OB-DY2), < 1 or 2SD from a young reference group. Participants followed a 12-week MPT, three times/week, 75 min/session. Main outcomes included the performance on the 4-m and 6-min walking tests, Timed Up and Go, stair and balance tests. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION At baseline, OB-DY1 performed better than OB-DY2 in all functional tests (p < 0.05). Following the intervention, medium-to-large training effect size (ES) were observed for fat (ES = 0.21) and lean (ES = 0.32, p < 0.001) masses, functional performance (ES 0.11-0.54, p < 0.05), HS (ES = 0.10, p < 0.05) and lower limb muscle strength (ES = 0.67, p < 0.001) and power (ES = 0.60, p < 0.05). Training-by-group interaction showed that OB-DY1 lost more FM (ES = 0.11, p = 0.03) and OB-DY2 improved more HS (ES = 0.19, p = 0.006) than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Seniors with obesity and severe dynapenia have poorer physical function than those in the early stage of dynapenia. Both seem to benefit from a high-velocity resistance training mixed with functional exercises, although by slightly different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia P Carvalho
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, (UQAM) Pavillon des sciences biologiques (SB), 4th Floor, 141 Avenue Président-Kennedy, SB-4615, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Charlotte H Pion
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Guy El Hajj Boutros
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, (UQAM) Pavillon des sciences biologiques (SB), 4th Floor, 141 Avenue Président-Kennedy, SB-4615, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Chevalier
- McGill University Health Centre, Research Institute and Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marc Bélanger
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, (UQAM) Pavillon des sciences biologiques (SB), 4th Floor, 141 Avenue Président-Kennedy, SB-4615, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - José A Morais
- McGill University Health Centre, Research Institute and Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, (UQAM) Pavillon des sciences biologiques (SB), 4th Floor, 141 Avenue Président-Kennedy, SB-4615, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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The effect of 12 weeks of combined upper- and lower-body high-intensity interval training on muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:661-671. [PMID: 30051418 PMCID: PMC6491660 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-1015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background High-intensity interval training (HIT) can impact cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness simultaneously, yet protocols typically focus on lower-body exercise. For older adults however, performing activities of daily living requires upper- and lower-body fitness. Aims To assess the effects of combined upper- and lower-body HIT on fitness in adults aged > 50 years. Methods Thirty-six adults (50–81 years; 21 male) were assigned via minimisation to either HIT (n = 18) or a no-exercise control group (CON, n = 18) following baseline assessment of leg extensor muscle power, handgrip strength, cardiorespiratory fitness (predicted VO2max) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The HIT group completed two training sessions per week for 12-weeks, performing a combination of upper-, lower- and full-body exercises using a novel hydraulic resistance ergometer. Data were analysed via ANCOVA with probabilistic inferences made about the clinical relevance of observed effects. Results All participants completed the intervention with mean (82 ± 6%HRmax) and peak (89 ± 6%HRmax) exercise heart rates confirming a high-intensity training stimulus. Compared with CON, HIT showed possibly small beneficial effects for dominant leg power (10.5%; 90% confidence interval 2.4–19.4%), non-dominant leg power (9.4%; 3.3–16.0%) and non-dominant handgrip strength (6.3%; 1.2–11.5%) while the intervention effect was likely trivial (5.9%; 0.5–11.5%) for dominant handgrip strength. There was a likely small beneficial effect for predicted VO2max (8.4%; 1.8–15.4%) and small-moderate improvements across several domains of HRQoL. Conclusion Combined upper- and lower-body HIT has small clinically relevant beneficial effects on muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40520-018-1015-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Machado CLF, Botton CE, Brusco CM, Pfeifer LO, Cadore EL, Pinto RS. Acute and chronic effects of muscle power training on blood pressure in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:153-159. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1590386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo Machado
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Ehlers Botton
- Exercise Pathophysiology Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Müller Brusco
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucinéia Orsolin Pfeifer
- Exercise Pathophysiology Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lusa Cadore
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Reducing Falls and Improving Balance Performance in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 2019:9626934. [PMID: 30918623 PMCID: PMC6409066 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9626934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that may increase the risk of falls, functional limitation, and balance deficits. Tai Chi was used as an option for improving balance in people with PD. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of Tai Chi on falls, balance, and functional mobility in individuals with PD. Method The literature search was conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PEDro, Medline, Embase, sportDISCUS, Trip, and the National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) analyzing the effects of Tai Chi, compared to no intervention or to other physical training, on falls, functional mobility, and balance in PD patients were selected. The outcome measurements included fall rates, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Reach (FR) test, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality and extracted data from the studies using the PEDro scale. Results Five RCTs that included a total of 355 PD patients were included in this review. The quality of evidence in these studies was rated as moderate to high. Compared to no intervention or other physical training, Tai Chi significantly decreased fall rates (odds ratio = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30 to 0.74, and p=0.001) and significantly improved balance and functional mobility (BBS mean difference (MD) = 3.47, 95% CI 2.11 to 4.80, and p < 0.001; FR MD = 3.55 cm, 95% CI 1.88 to 5.23, and p < 0.001; TUG MD = −1.06 s, 95% CI −1.61 to −0.51, and p < 0.001) in people with PD. Conclusion This meta-analysis provides moderate- to high-quality evidence from five RCTs that Tai Chi could be a good physical training strategy for preventing falls and improving balance and functional mobility in people with PD.
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Kang S. Difference of neuromuscular responses by additional loads during plyometric jump. J Exerc Rehabil 2018; 14:960-967. [PMID: 30656155 PMCID: PMC6323332 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1836428.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plyometric training is a training method to increase the motor output, stretch-shortening cycle which could be associated with power output. To increase the neuromuscular output, various training variables have been incorporated in training programs. Weight vest is one of the variables to develop it. However, how much load can effectively develop the neural response is still not clearly understood. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of additional external loads on neuromuscular response of lower body during plyometric jump. Total 19 men performed jump tests with weight vest (two jumps in each additional load; 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% of bodyweight [BW]). During the tests, neuromuscular responses of lower extremity were measured. In vertical jump, 0%BW group was higher than the other heavier loads. In rate of force development (RFD), 10%BW was higher than 15%BW and 20%BW. In 0-30 msec of interval RFD, the heavier load groups were greater than 0%BW and in 0-50 msec, 15%BW and 20%BW were higher than 0%BW. In neuromuscular efficiency (NME), 15%BW and 20%BW were greater than 0%BW in ankle joint. This research indicated that plyometric jump with additional load causes greater RFD and NME of lower extremity compared with jump training without additional load. During weight vest plyometric jump, 10%-20% of BW load is advantageous to NME of lower body and 10% of BW load is effective to develop RFD of lower extremity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Kang
- XION Sports Performance Training Center, Seoul, Korea
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Bezerra EDS, Orssatto LBDR, de Moura BM, Willardson JM, Simão R, Moro ARP. Mixed Session Periodization as a New Approach for Strength, Power, Functional Performance, and Body Composition Enhancement in Aging Adults. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:2795-2806. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Radaelli R, Brusco CM, Lopez P, Rech A, Machado CL, Grazioli R, Müller DC, Cadore EL, Pinto RS. Higher muscle power training volume is not determinant for the magnitude of neuromuscular improvements in elderly women. Exp Gerontol 2018; 110:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cadore EL, Menger E, Teodoro JL, da Silva LXN, Boeno FP, Umpierre D, Botton CE, Ferrari R, Cunha GDS, Izquierdo M, Pinto RS. Functional and physiological adaptations following concurrent training using sets with and without concentric failure in elderly men: A randomized clinical trial. Exp Gerontol 2018; 110:182-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Feasibility of a machine vs free weight strength training program and its effects on physical performance in nursing home residents: a pilot study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:819-828. [PMID: 28980220 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-017-0830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance training holds promise for nursing home residents to prevent further disabilities, falls, and fractures. Free weight as well as machine training may offer an efficient option to improve physical performance, but the feasibility of these training regimes among elderly who require continuous institutional care is still open. AIMS (1) To examine the feasibility of a 3-month machine vs. free weight strength training program in institutionalized older adults, and (2) to determine the effects on physical performance. METHODS This study is a two-arm, single-blind, randomized controlled feasibility study within a nursing home. 45 institutionalized elderly men and women (aged 83.8 ± 8.0, 12 men, 33 women) were randomly divided into two groups. The two groups completed either a free weight (FWT) or machine training (MT) for 12 weeks, twice per week, 45-60 min per session, in an individually supervised format. Performance was assessed with the 11-step stair-climbing test, 10-m walk test, Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), 30-s Chair Rising Test (CRT), grip strength, body mass index. RESULTS Indices of feasibility showed a recruitment and adherence rate of 53.6 and 87.5%, respectively. 35.6% of the participants dropped out after several weeks for personal reasons, illness, medical visits, or hospital stays. After the program no significant differences on motor performance were found between MT and FWT. However, there were significant improvements for both training groups on the TUG and the CRT. CONCLUSIONS The present pilot study showed that it is feasible to conduct a strength training program in institutionalized participants. The more robust changes in motor function could serve as a basis for large randomized clinical trials.
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Pinho JP, Mezêncio B, Hernandez AJ, Bonato J, Masuko W, Soncin R, Claudino JG, Serrão JC, Amadio AC. MODERATE INTENSITY IS A BETTER STIMULUS TO INDUCE QUADRIPECS FEMORIS POWER IN ELDERLY ADULTS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220182403181345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: The best strategy for improving knee extensor power, a major functional capacity indicator in older adults, is power training. Nonetheless, the training intensity required to induce optimal gains is yet to be found. Objective: Our purpose was to compare knee extensor peak power responses between low, moderate, and high intensity load conditions (30%, 50% and 70% of 1RM). Methods: Thirteen sedentary elderly women performed six knee extensions in each load condition, calculating knee extensor mechanical work/power output and knee extension peak angular velocity. Results: No difference in peak power was found between the high (207.0 ± 68.1 W) and moderate (206.1 ± 71.6 W) load conditions (p = 0.994), and both had higher values (p ≤0.004) than the low intensity condition (135.6 ± 56.3 W). Conclusion: Moderate load at 50% of 1RM appears to be the preferred strategy for inducing knee extensor power output because in contrast with the high intensity condition, the moderate load yielded higher angular peak velocity, which is also a functional indicator. Level of Evidence ll; Therapeutic studies - Investigating treatment results.
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Balsalobre-Fernández C, Cordón Á, Unquiles N, Muñoz-García D. Movement velocity in the chair squat is associated with measures of functional capacity and cognition in elderly people at low risk of fall. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4712. [PMID: 29736344 PMCID: PMC5933322 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between muscular performance consisting of a single repetition on the chair squat exercise (CSQ) and different measures of functional capacity, balance, quality of life and cognitive status in older adults. Methods A total of 40 participants (22 women, 18 men; age = 72.2 ± 4.9 years) joined the investigation. Muscular performance was assessed by measuring movement velocity in the CSQ with no external load using a validated smartphone application (PowerLift for iOS). Functional capacity, balance, quality of life and cognitive status were evaluated using the hand-grip strength (HGS) test, the Berg-scale, the EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D) and the Mini mental state examination questionnaire (MMSE). Finally, participants were divided into two subgroups (N = 20) according to their velocity in the CSQ exercise. Results Positive correlations were obtained between movement velocity in the CSQ and HGS (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), the Berg-scale (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), the EQ-5D (r = 0.34, p = 0.03) and the MMSE (r = 0.36, p = 0.02). Participants in the fastest subgroup showed very likely higher scores in the Berg-scale (ES = 1.15) and the HGS (ES = 1.79), as well as likely higher scores in the MMSE scale (ES = 0.69). Discussion These results could have potential clinical relevance as they support the use of a time-efficient, non-fatiguing test of muscular performance (i.e., the CSQ) to evaluate functional capacity and mental cognition in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Balsalobre-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Cordón
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazaret Unquiles
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz-García
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Instituto de Neurociencias y Ciencias del Movimiento, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Madrid, Spain
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Doerfler D, Gurney B, Mermier C, Rauh M, Black L, Andrews R. High-Velocity Quadriceps Exercises Compared to Slow-Velocity Quadriceps Exercises Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Clinical Study. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2018; 39:147-58. [PMID: 26428903 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite improvement in pain and perceived function in older adults following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), objective outcome measures of muscular impairment and ambulatory function demonstrate significant deficits. Evidence suggests that quadriceps power may play a greater role in ambulatory function than measures of strength alone following TKA. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of high-velocity (HV) quadriceps exercises with that of slow-velocity (SV) quadriceps exercises on functional outcomes and quadriceps power following TKA. METHODS This study was a randomized clinical study conducted in an outpatient physical therapy clinic. Twenty-one participants who were 4 to 6 weeks post unilateral TKA were randomly assigned to an HV or SV group. Participants performed an evidence-based standardized progressive resistance exercise program in addition to HV quadriceps exercises or SV quadriceps exercises. Participants attended 2 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Before and after the 8-week exercise intervention, participants completed a functional questionnaire, health survey, functional testing, and underwent quadriceps strength and power testing. RESULTS Both groups demonstrated improvements in ambulatory outcome measures, strength, speed, and power. The HV group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in distance walked and quadriceps strength than the SV group. LIMITATIONS These data should be considered preliminary because of a small sample size. CONCLUSION HV quadriceps exercises may be an effective rehabilitation strategy in conjunction with a standardized progressive resistance exercise program beginning 4 to 6 weeks after TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Doerfler
- 1Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Division of Physical Therapy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque. 2Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, Utah. 3Department of Health, Exercise, & Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. 4School of Exercise & Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. 5Outpatient Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Services, University of New Hospital
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Meseguer Zafra M, García-Cantó E, Rodríguez García PL, Pérez-Soto JJ, Tárraga López PJ, Rosa Guillamón A, Tarraga López ML. Influence of a physical exercise program on VO 2max in adults with cardiovascular risk factors. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2018; 30:95-101. [PMID: 29395495 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a physical exercise program on VO2max in sedentary subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample was composed of 214 patients (80 males, 134 females) with an average age of 52 years, who were referred to a physical exercise program from 2 primary care centres of Spanish southeast. It was implemented a 10 week program (3 training×1h/week) combining strength with cardiorespiratory fitness. TheVO2max was analyzed through the Rockport Walk Test (RWT) comparing the pre and post program measurements. RESULTS The results show significant improvements on VO2max for both genders (p<0,05). The most pronounced increase in VO2max was among males in the highest age band (56-73 years). CONCLUSIONS Prescribing and referral exercise programs from primary care centers must be considered as a resource for improving cardiorespiratory fitness in the population studied.
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Bezerra EDS, Moro ARP, Orssatto LBDR, da Silva ME, Willardson JM, Simão R. Muscular performance and body composition changes following multi-joint versus combined multi- and single-joint exercises in aging adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:602-608. [PMID: 29351383 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare muscular performance and body composition changes following low-volume resistance-training programs consisting of multi-joint (MJ) exercises (cable chest press and seated row) versus a combination of multi- and single-joint (MJ+SJ) exercises (cable chest press, seated row, biceps curl, and triceps extension). Thirty untrained healthy aging adults were randomly assigned to 3 groups: MJ (n = 11), MJ+SJ (n = 11), and control (n = 8). Twelve-repetition maximums (12-RMs) for the cable chest press and seated row, localized muscular endurance for the elbow flexors handgrip strength, and body composition were assessed before and after the 8-week training program. All comparisons were analyzed via a mixed-model analysis with repeated measures (group × time) and the Bonferroni post hoc test (p < 0.05). The MJ and MJ+SJ groups increased performance in the 12-RM cable chest press (MJ = 61.5% ± 24.6% and MJ+SJ = 71.1% ± 25.6%), 12-RM seated row (MJ = 46.4% ± 26.3% and MJ+SJ = 51.5% ± 21.0%), localized muscular endurance (MJ = 24.7% ± 16.7% and MJ+SJ = 37.0% ± 11.4%), and handgrip strength (MJ = 9.3% ± 10.4% and MJ+SJ = 16.6% ± 25.3%) after the intervention. Body composition (i.e., trunk and upper limb fat and lean mass) did not change for any groups. No significant differences were observed between the MJ versus the MJ+SJ protocols after the intervention for any variables. In conclusion, for aging adults, either MJ or MJ+SJ low-volume resistance training resulted in similar increases in 12-RM, localized muscular endurance, and handgrip strength, without changes in body composition after 8 weeks of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewertton de Souza Bezerra
- a Laboratório de Biomecânica, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP 88040-900, Brazil.,b Laboratório de Estudos do Desempenho Humano, Faculdade de Educação Física e Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Antônio Renato Pereira Moro
- a Laboratório de Biomecânica, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bet da Rosa Orssatto
- a Laboratório de Biomecânica, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Mariane Eichendorf da Silva
- a Laboratório de Biomecânica, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Simão
- d Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (EEFD/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21940-901, Brazil
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Miyamoto T, Kamada H, Moritani T. Acute cardiovascular responses to multiple sets of high-velocity resistance exercise in healthy adults. Res Sports Med 2017; 25:495-504. [DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2017.1365298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Miyamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamada
- Rehabilitation Center, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Celes R, Bottaro M, Cadore E, Dullius J, Schwartz F, Luzine F. Low-Load High-Velocity Resistance Exercises Improve Strength and Functional Capacity in Diabetic Patients. Eur J Transl Myol 2017; 27:6292. [PMID: 28713534 PMCID: PMC5505086 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2017.6292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of low-load high-velocity resistance exercises on neuromuscular and functional outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) during the early-phase of resistance training. Thirty participants with T2D performed 18 training sessions (6 weeks - 3x week) in one of two groups: low-load high-velocity exercises (LLHV, n=15, 62.1±10.5 years) or recreational activities (RA, n=15 56.7 ± 19.4 years). LLHV performed resistance exercises with 3x 8reps as fast as possible with 50-60% 1RM. RA performed light activities. Strength, power, and functional tests were assessed. There was significant increasing in the knee extension peak-torque at 60°/s (7.6%) and 180°/s (12.2%), rate of force development in the LLHV group (P<0.05), whereas there were no changes in the RA group. Significant increases in functional test were observed in the LLHV group (P<0.01) with no changes in the RA group. In conclusion, the LLHV induced marked improvements in neuromuscular parameters, as well as in the functional capacity of participants with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Celes
- University Center of Federal District, UDF, Brasília, Brazil.,University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Cadore
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Potiaumpai M, Gandia K, Rautray A, Prendergast T, Signorile JF. Optimal Loads for Power Differ by Exercise in Older Adults. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:2703-12. [PMID: 27386964 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Potiaumpai, M, Gandia, K, Rautray, A, Prendergast, T, and Signorile, JF. Optimal loads for power differ by exercise in older adults. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2703-2712, 2016-Power training in older adults has been shown to increase muscle strength, power, and physical function, and decrease the risk of falls and related injuries. Although there are clear indications that optimal loads for power vary due to biomechanical factors, no studies have attempted to determine the optimal loads for specific exercises used to improve muscle power. Using the load that maximizes power output for individual exercises can maximize power gains, improve training efficiency, and augment gains in physical function. Seventy community-dwelling older adults (age = 70.5 ± 5.7 years) participated in strength and power testing during 2 sessions, each lasting for 1.5 hours. Participants were tested on 6 different pneumatic resistance machines to determine their one repetition maximum (1RM) and power. Power testing was performed at loads between 30 and 90% of each participant's 1RM. For the chest press and seated row, the optimal load range was between 40 and 60% 1RM, with peak power at 50% (p < 0.001) for both machines. The LAT pull-down optimal load range was between 30 and 50%, with peak power occurring at 40% (p < 0.001). The leg curl and leg press optimal load range was between 50 and 70%, with peak power occurring at 60% (p < 0.001). Peak power for the calf raise occurred at 60% (p < 0.001). We conclude that different exercise movements require the use of different optimal load ranges to maximize muscle power in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Potiaumpai
- 1Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research and Active Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida; and 2Center on Aging, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Ramirez-Campillo R, Diaz D, Martinez-Salazar C, Valdés-Badilla P, Delgado-Floody P, Méndez-Rebolledo G, Cañas-Jamet R, Cristi-Montero C, García-Hermoso A, Celis-Morales C, Moran J, Buford TW, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Alonso-Martinez AM, Izquierdo M. Effects of different doses of high-speed resistance training on physical performance and quality of life in older women: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging 2016; 11:1797-1804. [PMID: 28008239 PMCID: PMC5167493 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s121313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the effects of two frequencies of high-speed resistance training (HSRT) on physical performance and quality of life of older women. METHODS A total of 24 older women participated in a 12-week HSRT program composed of either two or three sessions/week (equated for volume and intensity). Women were randomized into three arms: a control group (CG, n=8), a resistance training group performing two sessions/week (RT2, n=8), and a resistance training group performing three sessions/week (RT3, n=8). The training program for both experimental groups included exercises that required high-speed concentric muscle actions. RESULTS No baseline differences were observed among groups. Compared with the CG, both training groups showed similar small to moderate improvements (P<0.05) in muscle strength, power, functional performance, balance, and quality of life. CONCLUSION These results suggest that equated for volume and intensity, two and three training sessions/week of HSRT are equally effective for improving physical performance and quality of life of older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences
- Laboratory of Measurement and Assessment in Sports, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sports, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno
- Unit of Integrative Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, MEDS Clinic, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Diaz
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno
| | | | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Institute of Physical Activity and Health, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera
| | | | - Rodrigo Cañas-Jamet
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Sciences, Sport and Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | - Jason Moran
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute of Aging, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Navarre, Spain
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Improvement in functional performance with high-speed power training in older adults is optimized in those with the highest training velocity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:2327-2336. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Eccentric exercise has gained increasing attention as a suitable and promising intervention to delay or mitigate the known physical and physiological declines associated with aging. Determining the relative efficacy of eccentric exercise when compared with the more conventionally prescribed traditional resistance exercise will support evidence-based prescribing for the aging population. Thus, original research studies incorporating chronic eccentric exercise interventions in the older adult population were included in this review. The effects of a range of eccentric exercise modalities on muscular strength, functional capacity, body composition, muscle architecture, markers of muscle damage, the immune system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system, and rating of perceived exertion were all reviewed as outcomes of particular interest in the older adult. Muscular strength was found to increase most consistently compared with results from traditional resistance exercise. Functional capacity and body composition showed significant improvements with eccentric endurance protocols, especially in older, frail or sedentary cohorts. Muscle damage was avoided with the gradual progression of novel eccentric exercise, while muscle damage from intense acute bouts was significantly attenuated with repeated sessions. Eccentric exercise causes little cardiovascular stress; thus, it may not generate the overload required to elicit cardiovascular adaptations. An anabolic state may be achievable following eccentric exercise, while improvements to insulin sensitivity have not been found. Finally, rating of perceived exertion during eccentric exercise was often significantly lower than during traditional resistance exercise. Overall, evidence supports the prescription of eccentric exercise for the majority of outcomes of interest in the diverse cohorts of the older adult population.
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Physical activity in older age: perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty. Biogerontology 2016; 17:567-80. [PMID: 26936444 PMCID: PMC4889622 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity helps to improve physical and mental functions as well as reverse some effects of chronic disease to keep older people mobile and independent. Despite the highly publicised benefits of physical activity, the overwhelming majority of older people in the United Kingdom do not meet the minimum physical activity levels needed to maintain health. The sedentary lifestyles that predominate in older age results in premature onset of ill health, disease and frailty. Local authorities have a responsibility to promote physical activity amongst older people, but knowing how to stimulate regular activity at the population-level is challenging. The physiological rationale for physical activity, risks of adverse events, societal and psychological factors are discussed with a view to inform public health initiatives for the relatively healthy older person as well as those with physical frailty. The evidence shows that regular physical activity is safe for healthy and for frail older people and the risks of developing major cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, obesity, falls, cognitive impairments, osteoporosis and muscular weakness are decreased by regularly completing activities ranging from low intensity walking through to more vigorous sports and resistance exercises. Yet, participation in physical activities remains low amongst older adults, particularly those living in less affluent areas. Older people may be encouraged to increase their activities if influenced by clinicians, family or friends, keeping costs low and enjoyment high, facilitating group-based activities and raising self-efficacy for exercise.
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