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Machado IF, Palmeira CM, Rolo AP. Sestrin2 is a central regulator of mitochondrial stress responses in disease and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2025; 109:102762. [PMID: 40320152 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2025.102762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2025] [Revised: 04/09/2025] [Accepted: 04/30/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
Mitochondria supply most of the energy for cellular functions and coordinate numerous cellular pathways. Their dynamic nature allows them to adjust to stress and cellular metabolic demands, thus ensuring the preservation of cellular homeostasis. Loss of normal mitochondrial function compromises cell survival and has been implicated in the development of many diseases and in aging. Although exposure to continuous or severe stress has adverse effects on cells, mild mitochondrial stress enhances mitochondrial function and potentially extends health span through mitochondrial adaptive responses. Over the past few decades, sestrin2 (SESN2) has emerged as a pivotal regulator of stress responses. For instance, SESN2 responds to genotoxic, oxidative, and metabolic stress, promoting cellular defense against stress-associated damage. Here, we focus on recent findings that establish SESN2 as an orchestrator of mitochondrial stress adaptation, which is supported by its involvement in the integrated stress response, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy. Additionally, we discuss the integral role of SESN2 in mediating the health benefits of exercise as well as its impact on skeletal muscle, liver and heart injury, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo F Machado
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CiBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Doctoral Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CiBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CiBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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2
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Yang L, Chen Y, Wang S, Zhang C, Huang X, Du X, Zhou W, Wei F. Genomic insights into marine environment adaptation and conservation of the threatened olive ridley turtle ( Lepidochelys olivacea). iScience 2025; 28:111776. [PMID: 39925424 PMCID: PMC11804602 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2024] [Revised: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Sea turtles are marine flagship species and most of them are currently in a threatened state. Long-term surviving in the ocean has driven significant morphological and physiological changes for this group, which makes them an ideal model for studying adaptive evolution of marine environments. Herein, we present a chromosome-scale genome of Lepidochelys olivacea with a genome size of 2.22 Gb and a contig N50 of 97.3 Mb. Comparative genomic analyses uncovered a suite of adaptive changes in genes related to olfaction, vision, virus defense, and longevity, which may help explain the genetic underpinnings of its marine environment adaptation. We also observed that the genome-wide heterozygosity of L. olivacea was low (6.45e-4), consistent with its prolonged population decline. Overall, our study provides valuable genetic resources for understanding evolutionary adaptations to aquatic environment and for the conservation of this threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Guangdong Huidong Sea Turtle National Nature Reserve, Huizhou, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Marine Protected Area Administration of Sansha City, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenliang Zhou
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Fuwen Wei
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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3
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Shen X, Liao J, Yu S, Feng P, Wang G. Novel circular RNA Sestrin1 promotes chicken myoblast proliferation and differentiation via circSesn1/miR-16-5p/SESN1 pathway. Br Poult Sci 2024; 65:513-522. [PMID: 38828863 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2360004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
1. The development of chicken skeletal muscle is directly relevant to poultry husbandry production. Numerous studies have suggested that circular RNA play pivotal roles in muscle development. However, the functions and mechanisms of most circRNA in chicken myogenesis remain largely unknown.2. This study identified a novel circSESN1 based on existing sequencing data and examined its authenticity and subcellular localisation by enzyme digestion and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the expression levels of circSESN1 and the developmental stage of chicken muscle.3. Mechanistically, knockdown or overexpression of circSESN1 was performed in primary myoblasts to validate its function. The interactions between circSESN1, miR-16-5p, and the target gene sestrin 1 (SESN1) were investigated using bioinformatics analysis and a dual fluorescein reporter system. Real-time qPCR, a cell proliferation assay, and immunofluorescence staining techniques were used to investigate the promotion effect of circSESN1 on myoblast proliferation and differentiation by miR-16-5p/SESN1 pathway.4. The results demonstrated that the newly identified chicken circSESN1 directly sponges gga-miR-16-5p to regulate SESN1 gene expression, promoting myoblast proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialisation in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
| | - J Liao
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialisation in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
| | - S Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialisation in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
| | - P Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialisation in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
| | - G Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialisation in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
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4
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Yang Z, Ma X, Zhang D, Li B, Gao N, Li X, Mei C, Zan L. Bta-miR-330 promotes bovine intramuscular pre-adipocytes adipogenesis via targeting SESN3 to activate the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133650. [PMID: 38971288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Consumers are more inclined to choose beef with a high intramuscular fat content (IMF), which regulated by lots of factors. It is very significant to find a miRNA that plays a key role in the accumulation of IMF. In our study, we found that bta-miR-330 was highly expressed in Japanese black cattle and differentially expressed at intramuscular pre-adipocytes differentiation processes. Furthermore, we transfected the bta-miR-330 mimic & inhibitor in intramuscular pre-adipocytes. The results showed that bta-miR-330 inhibits the proliferation but promotes the adipogenesis of intramuscular pre-adipocytes. Subsequently, our study showed that bta-miR-330 binds to SESN3, which inhibits the adipogenesis of intramuscular pre-adipocytes. Moreover, we established the mechanism that bta-miR-330 promotes the adipogenesis of intramuscular pre-adipocytes by targeting SESN3 to activate the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Overall, our results revealed that bta-miR-330-SESN3-Akt-mTOR axis plays an important role in adipogenesis of intramuscular pre-adipocytes, which provides a molecular basis for increasing IMF content in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xinhao Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Dianqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Yangling Vocational & Technical College, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Ni Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Chugang Mei
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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5
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Fang H, Shi X, Wan J, Zhong X. Role of sestrins in metabolic and aging-related diseases. Biogerontology 2024; 25:9-22. [PMID: 37516672 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Sestrins are a type of highly conserved stress-inducing protein that has antioxidant and mTORC1 inhibitory functions. Metabolic dysfunction and aging are the main risk factors for development of human diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Sestrins have important roles in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-tumor functions, and aging by inhibiting the reactive oxygen species and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 pathways. In this review, the structure and biological functions of sestrins are summarized, and how sestrins are activated and contribute to regulation of the downstream signal pathways of metabolic and aging-related diseases are discussed in detail with the goal of providing new ideas and therapeutic targets for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiaomin Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Juyi Wan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Xiaolin Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Sousa JN, Queiroz LDRP, de Paula AMB, Guimarães ALS, Lescano CH, Aguilar CM, Pires de Oliveira I, Santos SHS. Gallic acid as a Sestrin (SESN2) activator and potential obesity therapeutic agent: A molecular docking study. Gene 2023; 883:147683. [PMID: 37536400 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Sestrins (SESNs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins among mammals. They have several body homeostatic functions such as antioxidant, metabolic, and anti-aging, and are required to regenerate hyperoxidized forms of peroxiredoxins and reactive oxygen species. Sestrin 2 has been studied as a therapeutic agent in obesity treatment. Gallic acid (GA) is a triphenolic compound with beneficial biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antioxidant effects. Recent studies demonstrated the GA's ability to reduce body weight gain and improve glycemic parameters. In this sense, the present study aims to investigate the GA activating potential of Sestrin using the molecular docking method. The 3D structure of gallic acid was retrieved from the NCBI PubChem database and the chemical structure of the Sestrin2 protein from the RCSB Protein Data Bank (5DJ4). The docking calculus was performed via UCSF Chimera and AutoDock Vinaprograms. The results showed that amino acids Arg390, Glu451, Trp444, Thr386, Arg448, Thr374, Tyr375, Asn376, Thr377, Leu389, His454, Ser450, His86, and Val455 are very important for GA stabilization, resembling the interactions that permit Leucine to activate SESN2. In this context, the obesity therapeutic property of GA can be understood from a Sestrin activating process through amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaciara Neves Sousa
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, UniversidadeEstadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lorena Dos Reis Pereira Queiroz
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, UniversidadeEstadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, UniversidadeEstadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, UniversidadeEstadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Caroline Honaiser Lescano
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Charles Martins Aguilar
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivan Pires de Oliveira
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, UniversidadeEstadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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7
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Hwang I, Kim M. Muscular Sestrins: Roles in Exercise Physiology and Stress Resistance. Biomolecules 2023; 13:722. [PMID: 37238592 PMCID: PMC10216764 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrins are a family of stress-inducible proteins that are critical for stress adaptation and the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. High expression of Sestrins is observed in skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues, suggesting their significance in the physiological homeostasis of these organs. Furthermore, expression of Sestrins is dynamically controlled in the tissues, based on the level of physical activity and the presence or absence of stress insults. Genetic studies in model organisms have shown that muscular Sestrin expression is critical for metabolic homeostasis, exercise adaptation, stress resistance, and repair and may mediate the beneficial effects of some available therapeutics. The current minireview summarizes and discusses recent findings that shed light on the role of Sestrins in regulating muscle physiology and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myungjin Kim
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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8
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Mavromatis LA, Rosoff DB, Bell AS, Jung J, Wagner J, Lohoff FW. Multi-omic underpinnings of epigenetic aging and human longevity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2236. [PMID: 37076473 PMCID: PMC10115892 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is accompanied by increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs; however, its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we use multi-omic methods to integrate genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data and identify biological associations with four measures of epigenetic age acceleration and a human longevity phenotype comprising healthspan, lifespan, and exceptional longevity (multivariate longevity). Using transcriptomic imputation, fine-mapping, and conditional analysis, we identify 22 high confidence associations with epigenetic age acceleration and seven with multivariate longevity. FLOT1, KPNA4, and TMX2 are novel, high confidence genes associated with epigenetic age acceleration. In parallel, cis-instrument Mendelian randomization of the druggable genome associates TPMT and NHLRC1 with epigenetic aging, supporting transcriptomic imputation findings. Metabolomics Mendelian randomization identifies a negative effect of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and associated lipoproteins on multivariate longevity, but not epigenetic age acceleration. Finally, cell-type enrichment analysis implicates immune cells and precursors in epigenetic age acceleration and, more modestly, multivariate longevity. Follow-up Mendelian randomization of immune cell traits suggests lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphocytic surface molecules affect multivariate longevity and epigenetic age acceleration. Our results highlight druggable targets and biological pathways involved in aging and facilitate multi-omic comparisons of epigenetic clocks and human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Mavromatis
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel B Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH-Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew S Bell
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeesun Jung
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josephin Wagner
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Wilson R, Le Bourgeois M, Perez M, Sarkies P. Fluctuations in chromatin state at regulatory loci occur spontaneously under relaxed selection and are associated with epigenetically inherited variation in C. elegans gene expression. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010647. [PMID: 36862744 PMCID: PMC10013927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Some epigenetic information can be transmitted between generations without changes in the underlying DNA sequence. Changes in epigenetic regulators, termed epimutations, can occur spontaneously and be propagated in populations in a manner reminiscent of DNA mutations. Small RNA-based epimutations occur in C. elegans and persist for around 3-5 generations on average. Here, we explored whether chromatin states also undergo spontaneous change and whether this could be a potential alternative mechanism for transgenerational inheritance of gene expression changes. We compared the chromatin and gene expression profiles at matched time points from three independent lineages of C. elegans propagated at minimal population size. Spontaneous changes in chromatin occurred in around 1% of regulatory regions each generation. Some were heritable epimutations and were significantly enriched for heritable changes in expression of nearby protein-coding genes. Most chromatin-based epimutations were short-lived but a subset had longer duration. Genes subject to long-lived epimutations were enriched for multiple components of xenobiotic response pathways. This points to a possible role for epimutations in adaptation to environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wilson
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marcos Perez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Sarkies
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Li N, Hua B, Chen Q, Teng F, Ruan M, Zhu M, Zhang L, Huo Y, Liu H, Zhuang M, Shen H, Zhu H. A sphingolipid-mTORC1 nutrient-sensing pathway regulates animal development by an intestinal peroxisome relocation-based gut-brain crosstalk. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111140. [PMID: 35905721 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mTOR-dependent nutrient-sensing and response machinery is the central hub for animals to regulate their cellular and developmental programs. However, equivalently pivotal nutrient and metabolite signals upstream of mTOR and developmental-regulatory signals downstream of mTOR are not clear, especially at the organism level. We previously showed glucosylceramide (GlcCer) acts as a critical nutrient and metabolite signal for overall amino acid levels to promote development by activating the intestinal mTORC1 signaling pathway. Here, through a large-scale genetic screen, we find that the intestinal peroxisome is critical for antagonizing the GlcCer-mTORC1-mediated nutrient signal. Mechanistically, GlcCer deficiency, inactive mTORC1, or prolonged starvation relocates intestinal peroxisomes closer to the apical region in a kinesin- and microtubule-dependent manner. Those apical accumulated peroxisomes further release peroxisomal-β-oxidation-derived glycolipid hormones that target chemosensory neurons and downstream nuclear hormone receptor DAF-12 to arrest the animal development. Our data illustrate a sophisticated gut-brain axis that predominantly orchestrates nutrient-sensing-dependent development in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Beilei Hua
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fukang Teng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Meiyu Ruan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mengnan Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yinbo Huo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Hongqin Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Min Zhuang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huali Shen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huanhu Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Dridi H, Forrester F, Umanskaya A, Xie W, Reiken S, Lacampagne A, Marks A. Role of oxidation of excitation-contraction coupling machinery in age-dependent loss of muscle function in C. elegans. eLife 2022; 11:75529. [PMID: 35506650 PMCID: PMC9113742 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-dependent loss of body wall muscle function and impaired locomotion occur within 2 weeks in C. elegans; however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In humans, age-dependent loss of muscle function occurs at about 80 years of age and has been linked to dysfunction of ryanodine receptor (RyR)/intracellular calcium (Ca2+) release channels on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Mammalian skeletal muscle RyR1 channels undergo age-related remodeling due to oxidative overload, leading to loss of the stabilizing subunit calstabin1 (FKBP12) from the channel macromolecular complex. This destabilizes the closed state of the channel resulting in intracellular Ca2+ leak, reduced muscle function, and impaired exercise capacity. We now show that the C. elegans RyR homolog, UNC-68, exhibits a remarkable degree of evolutionary conservation with mammalian RyR channels and similar age-dependent dysfunction. Like RyR1 in mammals UNC-68 encodes a protein that comprises a macromolecular complex which includes the calstabin1 homolog FKB-2 and is immunoreactive with antibodies raised against the RyR1 complex. Further, as in aged mammals, UNC-68 is oxidized and depleted of FKB-2 in an age-dependent manner, resulting in 'leaky' channels, depleted SR Ca2+ stores, reduced body wall muscle Ca2+ transients, and age-dependent muscle weakness. FKB-2 (ok3007)-deficient worms exhibit reduced exercise capacity. Pharmacologically induced oxidization of UNC-68 and depletion of FKB-2 from the channel independently caused reduced body wall muscle Ca2+ transients. Preventing FKB-2 depletion from the UNC-68 macromolecular complex using the Rycal drug S107 improved muscle Ca2+ transients and function. Taken together, these data suggest that UNC-68 oxidation plays a role in age-dependent loss of muscle function. Remarkably, this age-dependent loss of muscle function induced by oxidative overload, which takes ~2 years in mice and ~80 years in humans, occurs in less than 2-3 weeks in C. elegans, suggesting that reduced antioxidant capacity may contribute to the differences in life span amongst species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikel Dridi
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Frances Forrester
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Alisa Umanskaya
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Wenjun Xie
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Steven Reiken
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- U1046, Montpellier University, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
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12
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Wang D, Xu C, Yang W, Chen J, Ou Y, Guan Y, Guan J, Liu Y. E3 ligase RNF167 and deubiquitinase STAMBPL1 modulate mTOR and cancer progression. Mol Cell 2022; 82:770-784.e9. [PMID: 35114100 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is an essential metabolic hub that coordinates cellular metabolism with the availability of nutrients, including amino acids. Sestrin2 has been identified as a cytosolic leucine sensor that transmits leucine status signals to mTORC1. In this study, we identify an E3 ubiquitin ligase RING finger protein 167 (RNF167) and a deubiquitinase STAMBPL1 that function in concert to control the polyubiquitination level of Sestrin2 in response to leucine availability. Ubiquitination of Sestrin2 promotes its interaction with GATOR2 and inhibits mTORC1 signaling. Bioinformatic analysis reveals decreased RNF167 expression and increased STAMBPL1 expression in gastric and colorectal tumors. Knockout of STAMBPL1 or correction of the heterozygous STAMBPL1 mutation in a human colon cancer cell line suppresses xenograft tumor growth. Lastly, a cell-permeable peptide that blocks the STAMBPL1-Sestrin2 interaction inhibits mTORC1 and provides a potential option for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chenchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Yuan Pei College, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuhui Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jialiang Guan
- PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Beijing 100871, China.
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13
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Sanz B, Rezola-Pardo C, Arrieta H, Fraile-Bermúdez AB, Alonso-Puyo J, Molano I, Rodriguez-Larrad A, Irazusta J. Serum Sestrin-1 Concentration Is Higher in Frail than Non-Frail Older People Living in Nursing Homes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031079. [PMID: 35162104 PMCID: PMC8834059 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Given the increasing prevalence of frailty and its implications for public health, the identification of biomarkers to detect frailty is essential. Sestrin-1 is a protein with a protective role in muscle function. This study aimed to determine whether the serum sestrin-1 concentration differed between frail and non-frail populations and to investigate its association with frailty-related variables in 225 older women and men living in nursing homes (Gipuzkoa, Spain). Serum sestrin-1 concentration was measured by ELISA. Frailty, dependence, anthropometry, physical function, and physical activity were determined by validated tests and tools. The associations between sestrin-1 concentration and the other variables were determined using generalized linear models. The differences between frail and non-frail individuals were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U-test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to calculate the capability of sestrin-1 to detect frailty. Unexpectedly, frail individuals—according to the Fried Frailty Phenotype or the Clinical Frailty Scale—had higher serum sestrin-1 concentrations than non-frail individuals. Furthermore, the higher serum sestrin-1 concentration was associated with the increased frailty scores and dependence as well as the poorer physical function and the less physical activity. Given the contradictory results regarding serum sestrin-1 and frailty, further investigation is required to propose it as a molecular biomarker of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Sanz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (C.R.-P.); (J.A.-P.); (A.R.-L.); (J.I.)
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-946013307
| | - Chloe Rezola-Pardo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (C.R.-P.); (J.A.-P.); (A.R.-L.); (J.I.)
| | - Haritz Arrieta
- Department of Nursing II, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain;
| | - Ana Belén Fraile-Bermúdez
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Janire Alonso-Puyo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (C.R.-P.); (J.A.-P.); (A.R.-L.); (J.I.)
| | - Irene Molano
- Residencia Sanmarcosene, Carretera de San Marcos, s/n, 20100 Errenteria, Gipuzkoa, Spain;
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Larrad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (C.R.-P.); (J.A.-P.); (A.R.-L.); (J.I.)
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jon Irazusta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (C.R.-P.); (J.A.-P.); (A.R.-L.); (J.I.)
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
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14
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Lin W, Zhao J, Yan M, Li X, Yang K, Wei W, Zhang L, Chen J. SESN3 Inhibited SMAD3 to Relieve Its Suppression for MiR-124, Thus Regulating Pre-Adipocyte Adipogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121852. [PMID: 34946801 PMCID: PMC8701261 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sestrin-3, together with the other two members Sestrin-1 and Sestrin-2, belongs to the Sestrin family. The Sestrin protein family has been demonstrated to be involved in antioxidative, metabolic homeostasis, and even the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the adipogenic regulatory role of SESN3 in adipogenesis still needs to be further explored. In this study, we demonstrated SESN3 inhibited porcine pre-adipocyte proliferation, thus suppressing its adipogenesis. Meanwhile, SESN3 has been demonstrated to inhibit Smad3 thus protecting against NASH. Further, for our previous study, we found mmu-miR-124 involved in 3T3-L1 cell adipogenesis regulation. In this study, we also identified that ssc-miR-124 inhibited porcine pre-adipocyte proliferation, thus suppressing its adipogenesis, and the SMAD3 was an inhibitor of ssc-miR-124 by binding to its promoter. Furthermore, the ssc-miR-124 targeted porcine C/EBPα and GR and thus inhibited pre-adipocyte adipogenesis. In conclusion, SESN3 inhibited SMAD3, thus improving ssc-miR124, and then suppressed C/EBPα and GR to regulate pre-adipocytes adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18759141669
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15
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Alausa A, Victor UC, Celestine UO, Eweje IA, Balogun TA, Adeyemi R, Olatinwo M, Ogunlana AT, Oladipo O, Olaleke B. Phytochemical based sestrin2 pharmacological modulators in the treatment of adenocarcinomas. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS 2021; 1:100133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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16
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Adewale Q, Khan AF, Carbonell F, Iturria-Medina Y, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Integrated transcriptomic and neuroimaging brain model decodes biological mechanisms in aging and Alzheimer's disease. eLife 2021; 10:e62589. [PMID: 34002691 PMCID: PMC8131100 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by concurrent alterations in several biological factors. However, generative brain models of aging and AD are limited in incorporating the measures of these biological factors at different spatial resolutions. Here, we propose a personalized bottom-up spatiotemporal brain model that accounts for the direct interplay between hundreds of RNA transcripts and multiple macroscopic neuroimaging modalities (PET, MRI). In normal elderly and AD participants, the model identifies top genes modulating tau and amyloid-β burdens, vascular flow, glucose metabolism, functional activity, and atrophy to drive cognitive decline. The results also revealed that AD and healthy aging share specific biological mechanisms, even though AD is a separate entity with considerably more altered pathways. Overall, this personalized model offers novel insights into the multiscale alterations in the elderly brain, with important implications for identifying effective genetic targets for extending healthy aging and treating AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quadri Adewale
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Ahmed F Khan
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | | | - Yasser Iturria-Medina
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
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17
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Serum sestrins: potential predictive molecule in human sarcopenia. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:1315-1324. [PMID: 32594460 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging trajectory from a state of robustness and good health proceeds from sarcopenia to frailty followed by disability and death due to decline in skeletal muscle mass and function. Sarcopenia is now formally recognized as a muscle disease with an ICD-10-MC diagnosis code. The autophagic response seems to be affected in the skeletal muscle during aging contributing to sarcopenia. Sestrins (Sesns) proteins play a critical role in autophagy induction under cellular stress conditions. AIMS The study aims to identify sarcopenia in older adults using Asian Working group guidelines (AWGS) to determine clinically relevant cut-off levels for diagnosis and their association with antioxidant protein Sesns. METHODS The study recruited 102 older adults attending Geriatric medicine OPD AIIMS, New Delhi, India. The level of serum Sesns were evaluated by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and validated by immunoblotting. Fifty older adults were diagnosed as sarcopenics according to AWGS. RESULTS Sesn 1 (p = 0.0448) and Sesn 2 (p < 0.0001) levels were significantly reduced in sarcopenic compared to non-sarcopenic. ROC analysis showed a better cut-off of Sesn 2; 10.104 ng/µL with 92% sensitivity and 84% specificity. Even after adjusting the values with respect to confounding factors, Sesn levels remained significantly reduced in sarcopenics (p < 0.030). DISCUSSION The level of Sesn 2 showed positive co-relation with the characteristics of sarcopenia. This study first time reported the concentration of serum sestrin in sarcopenic older adults. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that sarcopenia can be diagnosed at the early stage by using the serum sestrin scale as one of the potential biomarker.
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18
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Ro SH, Fay J, Cyuzuzo CI, Jang Y, Lee N, Song HS, Harris EN. SESTRINs: Emerging Dynamic Stress-Sensors in Metabolic and Environmental Health. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603421. [PMID: 33425907 PMCID: PMC7794007 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper timely management of various external and internal stresses is critical for metabolic and redox homeostasis in mammals. In particular, dysregulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) triggered from metabolic stress and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from environmental and genotoxic stress are well-known culprits leading to chronic metabolic disease conditions in humans. Sestrins are one of the metabolic and environmental stress-responsive groups of proteins, which solely have the ability to regulate both mTORC activity and ROS levels in cells, tissues and organs. While Sestrins are originally reported as one of several p53 target genes, recent studies have further delineated the roles of this group of stress-sensing proteins in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, glucose and fat metabolism, and redox-function in metabolic disease and aging. In this review, we discuss recent studies that investigated and manipulated Sestrins-mediated stress signaling pathways in metabolic and environmental health. Sestrins as an emerging dynamic group of stress-sensor proteins are drawing a spotlight as a preventive or therapeutic mechanism in both metabolic stress-associated pathologies and aging processes at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Ro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Julianne Fay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Cesar I Cyuzuzo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Yura Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Naeun Lee
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Hyun-Seob Song
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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19
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Rai N, Dey S. Protective response of Sestrin under stressful conditions in aging. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101186. [PMID: 32992045 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aging at cellular level manifests itself in the form of uncontrolled formation of ROS, chronic inflammation, and increased susceptibility to cellular stress. Aging is often regarded as a risk factor for several diseases due to several age-associated pathological changes in cells. Sestrin (Sesn) is an important molecule for controlling normal cellular physiology and play a significant role in the progression of certain age-associated cellular pathologies. This review deals with the structure, function, regulation, signaling network, and the potential role of Sesn in age-associated cellular pathophysiology. The cellular response mediated by Sesn under stressful conditions and rescue mechanism is discussed. It would be interesting to find out the precise physiological role of Sesn in the regulation of cellular aging. The anti-aging activity of Sesn may benefit to prevent various age-associated diseases and have clinical utility in diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India.
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, 110029, India
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20
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Abstract
Sestrins are a family of proteins that respond to a variety of environmental stresses, including genotoxic, oxidative, and nutritional stresses. Sestrins affect multiple signaling pathways: AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin complexes, insulin-AKT, and redox signaling pathways. By regulating these pathways, Sestrins are thought to help adapt to stressful environments and subsequently restore cell and tissue homeostasis. In this review, we describe how Sestrins mediate physiological stress responses in the context of nutritional and chemical stresses (liver), physical movement and exercise (skeletal muscle), and chemical, physical, and inflammatory injuries (heart). These findings also support the idea that Sestrins are a molecular mediator of hormesis, a paradoxical beneficial effect of low- or moderate-level stresses in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungjin Kim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; ,
| | - Allison H Kowalsky
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; ,
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; ,
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21
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Yang F, Chen R. Sestrin1 exerts a cytoprotective role against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced neuronal injury by potentiating Nrf2 activation via the modulation of Keap1. Brain Res 2020; 1750:147165. [PMID: 33069734 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sestrin1 (Sesn1) acts as a stress-inducible protein that performs a remarkable cytoprotective function upon diverse cellular stresses. However, whether Sesn1 exerts a cytoprotective role in neurons following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is unknown. The goal of this work was to evaluate the role of Sesn1 in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced neuronal injury in vitro. The induction of Sesn1 was found in neurons exposed to OGD/R treatment. The silencing of Sesn1 rendered neurons more vulnerable to OGD/R injury, while the up-regulation of Sesn1 ameliorated OGD/R-induced neuronal injury by reducing apoptosis and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the up-regulation of Sesn1 promoted the activity of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by down-regulating the expression of the Kelchlike ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). The restoration of Keap1 or the suppression of Nrf2 remarkably abolished the Sesn1-induced neuroprotection effects in OGD/R-exposed neurons. In summary, our work indicates that Sesn1 is a remarkable neuroprotective protein that potentiates Nrf2 activation via Keap1 to ameliorate OGD/R-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, No. 38 Wenlin Road, Xianyang, 712000 Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Ruping Chen
- Yizhixin Biotechnology Institute, Xi'an, 710003 Shaanxi Province, China
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22
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Haidurov A, Budanov AV. Sestrin family - the stem controlling healthy ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111379. [PMID: 33022334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sestrins are a family of stress-responsive antioxidant proteins responsible for regulation of cell viability and metabolism. The best known Sestrin targets are mTORC1 and mTORC2 kinases that control different cellular processes including growth, viability, autophagy, and mitochondrial metabolism. Inactivation of the single Sestrin gene in invertebrates has an adverse impact on their healthspan and longevity, whereas each of the three Sestrin genes in mammals and other vertebrate organisms has a different impact on maintenance of a particular tissue, affecting its stress tolerance, function and regenerative capability. As a result, Sestrins attenuate ageing and suppress development of many age-related diseases including myocardial infarction, muscle atrophy, diabetes, and immune dysfunction, but exacerbate development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moreover, Sestrins play opposite roles in carcinogenesis in different tissues. Stem cells support tissue remodelling that influences ageing, and Sestrins might suppress ageing and age-related pathologies through control of stem cell biology. In this review, we will discuss the potential link between Sestrins, stem cells, and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Haidurov
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V Budanov
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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23
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Kim H, Jeon BT, Kim IM, Bennett SJ, Lorch CM, Viana MP, Myers JF, Trupp CJ, Whipps ZT, Kundu M, Chung S, Sun X, Khalimonchuk O, Lee J, Ro SH. Sestrin2 Phosphorylation by ULK1 Induces Autophagic Degradation of Mitochondria Damaged by Copper-Induced Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176130. [PMID: 32854424 PMCID: PMC7504119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective autolysosomal degradation of damaged mitochondria, also called mitophagy, is an indispensable process for maintaining integrity and homeostasis of mitochondria. One well-established mechanism mediating selective removal of mitochondria under relatively mild mitochondria-depolarizing stress is PINK1-Parkin-mediated or ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy. However, additional mechanisms such as LC3-mediated or ubiquitin-independent mitophagy induction by heavy environmental stress exist and remain poorly understood. The present study unravels a novel role of stress-inducible protein Sestrin2 in degradation of mitochondria damaged by transition metal stress. By utilizing proteomic methods and studies in cell culture and rodent models, we identify autophagy kinase ULK1-mediated phosphorylation sites of Sestrin2 and demonstrate Sestrin2 association with mitochondria adaptor proteins in HEK293 cells. We show that Ser-73 and Ser-254 residues of Sestrin2 are phosphorylated by ULK1, and a pool of Sestrin2 is strongly associated with mitochondrial ATP5A in response to Cu-induced oxidative stress. Subsequently, this interaction promotes association with LC3-coated autolysosomes to induce degradation of mitochondria damaged by Cu-induced ROS. Treatment of cells with antioxidants or a Cu chelator significantly reduces Sestrin2 association with mitochondria. These results highlight the ULK1-Sestrin2 pathway as a novel stress-sensing mechanism that can rapidly induce autophagic degradation of mitochondria under severe heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (H.K.); (B.T.J.); (I.M.K.); (S.J.B.); (C.M.L.); (M.P.V.); (J.F.M.); (C.J.T.); (Z.T.W.); (X.S.); (O.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Byeong Tak Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (H.K.); (B.T.J.); (I.M.K.); (S.J.B.); (C.M.L.); (M.P.V.); (J.F.M.); (C.J.T.); (Z.T.W.); (X.S.); (O.K.); (J.L.)
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Isaac M. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (H.K.); (B.T.J.); (I.M.K.); (S.J.B.); (C.M.L.); (M.P.V.); (J.F.M.); (C.J.T.); (Z.T.W.); (X.S.); (O.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Sydney J. Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (H.K.); (B.T.J.); (I.M.K.); (S.J.B.); (C.M.L.); (M.P.V.); (J.F.M.); (C.J.T.); (Z.T.W.); (X.S.); (O.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Carolyn M. Lorch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (H.K.); (B.T.J.); (I.M.K.); (S.J.B.); (C.M.L.); (M.P.V.); (J.F.M.); (C.J.T.); (Z.T.W.); (X.S.); (O.K.); (J.L.)
- Department of Biology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112, USA
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Martonio Ponte Viana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (H.K.); (B.T.J.); (I.M.K.); (S.J.B.); (C.M.L.); (M.P.V.); (J.F.M.); (C.J.T.); (Z.T.W.); (X.S.); (O.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jacob F. Myers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (H.K.); (B.T.J.); (I.M.K.); (S.J.B.); (C.M.L.); (M.P.V.); (J.F.M.); (C.J.T.); (Z.T.W.); (X.S.); (O.K.); (J.L.)
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA 18510, USA
| | - Caroline J. Trupp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (H.K.); (B.T.J.); (I.M.K.); (S.J.B.); (C.M.L.); (M.P.V.); (J.F.M.); (C.J.T.); (Z.T.W.); (X.S.); (O.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Zachary T. Whipps
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (H.K.); (B.T.J.); (I.M.K.); (S.J.B.); (C.M.L.); (M.P.V.); (J.F.M.); (C.J.T.); (Z.T.W.); (X.S.); (O.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Departments of Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Xinghui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (H.K.); (B.T.J.); (I.M.K.); (S.J.B.); (C.M.L.); (M.P.V.); (J.F.M.); (C.J.T.); (Z.T.W.); (X.S.); (O.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (H.K.); (B.T.J.); (I.M.K.); (S.J.B.); (C.M.L.); (M.P.V.); (J.F.M.); (C.J.T.); (Z.T.W.); (X.S.); (O.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaekwon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (H.K.); (B.T.J.); (I.M.K.); (S.J.B.); (C.M.L.); (M.P.V.); (J.F.M.); (C.J.T.); (Z.T.W.); (X.S.); (O.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Seung-Hyun Ro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (H.K.); (B.T.J.); (I.M.K.); (S.J.B.); (C.M.L.); (M.P.V.); (J.F.M.); (C.J.T.); (Z.T.W.); (X.S.); (O.K.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-472-5424
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Fan X, Zeng Y, Song W, Li J, Ai S, Yang D, Mao X, Yang M. The role of Sestrins in the regulation of the aging process. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 188:111251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Kovaleva IE, Tokarchuk AV, Zheltukhin AO, Dalina AA, Safronov GG, Evstafieva AG, Lyamzaev KG, Chumakov PM, Budanov AV. Mitochondrial localization of SESN2. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226862. [PMID: 32287270 PMCID: PMC7156099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SESN2 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved sestrin protein family found in most of the Metazoa species. The SESN2 gene is transcriptionally activated by many stress factors, including metabolic derangements, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and DNA-damage. As a result, SESN2 controls ROS accumulation, metabolism, and cell viability. The best-known function of SESN2 is the inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 kinase (mTORC1) that plays a central role in support of cell growth and suppression of autophagy. SESN2 inhibits mTORC1 activity through interaction with the GATOR2 protein complex preventing an inhibitory effect of GATOR2 on the GATOR1 protein complex. GATOR1 stimulates GTPase activity of the RagA/B small GTPase, the component of RagA/B:RagC/D complex, preventing mTORC1 translocation to the lysosomes and its activation by the small GTPase Rheb. Despite the well-established role of SESN2 in mTORC1 inhibition, other SESN2 activities are not well-characterized. We recently showed that SESN2 could control mitochondrial function and cell death via mTORC1-independent mechanisms, and these activities might be explained by direct effects of SESN2 on mitochondria. In this work, we examined mitochondrial localization of SESN2 and demonstrated that SESN2 is located on mitochondria and can be directly involved in the regulation of mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrei O. Zheltukhin
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Dalina
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigoriy G. Safronov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra G. Evstafieva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin G. Lyamzaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter M. Chumakov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Budanov
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
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26
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Stress Resistance Screen in a Human Primary Cell Line Identifies Small Molecules That Affect Aging Pathways and Extend Caenorhabditis elegans' Lifespan. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:849-862. [PMID: 31879284 PMCID: PMC7003076 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased resistance to environmental stress at the cellular level is correlated with the longevity of long-lived mutants and wild-animal species. Moreover, in experimental organisms, screens for increased stress resistance have yielded mutants that are long-lived. To find entry points for small molecules that might extend healthy longevity in humans, we screened ∼100,000 small molecules in a human primary-fibroblast cell line and identified a set that increased oxidative-stress resistance. Some of the hits fell into structurally related chemical groups, suggesting that they may act on common targets. Two small molecules increased C. elegans’ stress resistance, and at least 9 extended their lifespan by ∼10–50%. We further evaluated a chalcone that produced relatively large effects on lifespan and were able to implicate the activity of two, stress-response regulators, NRF2/skn-1 and SESN/sesn-1, in its mechanism of action. Our findings suggest that screening for increased stress resistance in human cells can enrich for compounds with promising pro-longevity effects. Further characterization of these compounds may reveal new ways to extend healthy human lifespan.
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27
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Segalés J, Perdiguero E, Serrano AL, Sousa-Victor P, Ortet L, Jardí M, Budanov AV, Garcia-Prat L, Sandri M, Thomson DM, Karin M, Hee Lee J, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Sestrin prevents atrophy of disused and aging muscles by integrating anabolic and catabolic signals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:189. [PMID: 31929511 PMCID: PMC6955241 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique property of skeletal muscle is its ability to adapt its mass to changes in activity. Inactivity, as in disuse or aging, causes atrophy, the loss of muscle mass and strength, leading to physical incapacity and poor quality of life. Here, through a combination of transcriptomics and transgenesis, we identify sestrins, a family of stress-inducible metabolic regulators, as protective factors against muscle wasting. Sestrin expression decreases during inactivity and its genetic deficiency exacerbates muscle wasting; conversely, sestrin overexpression suffices to prevent atrophy. This protection occurs through mTORC1 inhibition, which upregulates autophagy, and AKT activation, which in turn inhibits FoxO-regulated ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated proteolysis. This study reveals sestrin as a central integrator of anabolic and degradative pathways preventing muscle wasting. Since sestrin also protected muscles against aging-induced atrophy, our findings have implications for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Segalés
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28019, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eusebio Perdiguero
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio L Serrano
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Sousa-Victor
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Ortet
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Jardí
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrei V Budanov
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Laura Garcia-Prat
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28019, Madrid, Spain
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - David M Thomson
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28019, Madrid, Spain.
- ICREA, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Kowalsky AH, Namkoong S, Mettetal E, Park HW, Kazyken D, Fingar DC, Lee JH. The GATOR2-mTORC2 axis mediates Sestrin2-induced AKT Ser/Thr kinase activation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1769-1780. [PMID: 31915252 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sestrins represent a family of stress-inducible proteins that prevent the progression of many age- and obesity-associated disorders. Endogenous Sestrins maintain insulin-dependent AKT Ser/Thr kinase (AKT) activation during high-fat diet-induced obesity, and overexpressed Sestrins activate AKT in various cell types, including liver and skeletal muscle cells. Although Sestrin-mediated AKT activation improves metabolic parameters, the mechanistic details underlying such improvement remain elusive. Here, we investigated how Sestrin2, the Sestrin homolog highly expressed in liver, induces strong AKT activation. We found that two known targets of Sestrin2, mTOR complex (mTORC) 1 and AMP-activated protein kinase, are not required for Sestrin2-induced AKT activation. Rather, phosphoinositol 3-kinase and mTORC2, kinases upstream of AKT, were essential for Sestrin2-induced AKT activation. Among these kinases, mTORC2 catalytic activity was strongly up-regulated upon Sestrin2 overexpression in an in vitro kinase assay, indicating that mTORC2 may represent the major link between Sestrin2 and AKT. As reported previously, Sestrin2 interacted with mTORC2; however, we found here that this interaction occurs indirectly through GATOR2, a pentameric protein complex that directly interacts with Sestrin2. Deleting or silencing WDR24 (WD repeat domain 24), the GATOR2 component essential for the Sestrin2-GATOR2 interaction, or WDR59, the GATOR2 component essential for the GATOR2-mTORC2 interaction, completely ablated Sestrin2-induced AKT activation. We also noted that Sestrin2 also directly binds to the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT and induces AKT translocation to the plasma membrane. These results uncover a signaling mechanism whereby Sestrin2 activates AKT through GATOR2 and mTORC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Ho Kowalsky
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Sim Namkoong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Mettetal
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Cell Biology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dubek Kazyken
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Diane C Fingar
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
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29
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Wang LX, Zhu XM, Yao YM. Sestrin2: Its Potential Role and Regulatory Mechanism in Host Immune Response in Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2797. [PMID: 31867002 PMCID: PMC6904332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sestrin2 (SESN2), a highly evolutionarily conserved protein, is critically involved in cellular responses to various stresses. SESN2 has a protective effect on physiological and pathological states mainly via regulating oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, metabolism, and inflammation. In recent years, breakthrough investigations with regard to the regulation and signaling mechanisms of SESN2 have markedly deepened our understanding of its potential role as well as its significance in host response. However, the functions of SESN2 in the immune system and inflammation remain elusive. It has been documented that many immune cells positively express SESN2 and, in turn, that SESN2 might modulate cellular activities. This review incorporates recent progress and aims to provide novel insight into the protective role and regulatory pathway of SESN2, which acts as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in the context of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xue Wang
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhu
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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30
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Srikanth K, Kumar H, Park W, Byun M, Lim D, Kemp S, Te Pas MFW, Kim JM, Park JE. Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome Response to Heat Stress in Kenyan Chicken Ecotypes Adapted to Low and High Altitudes Reveal Differences in Thermal Tolerance and Stress Response. Front Genet 2019; 10:993. [PMID: 31681427 PMCID: PMC6798392 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) negatively affects chicken performance. Agricultural expansion will happen in regions that experience high ambient temperatures, where fast-growing commercial chickens are vulnerable. Indigenous chickens of such regions, due to generations of exposure to environmental challenges, might have higher thermal tolerance. In this study, two indigenous chicken ecotypes, from the hot and humid Mombasa (lowland) and the colder Naivasha (highland) regions, were used to investigate the effects of acute (5 h, 35°C) and chronic (3 days of 35°C for 8 h/day) HS on the cardiac and skeletal muscle, through RNA sequencing. The rectal temperature gain and the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) [False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.05] were two times higher in the acute stage than in the chronic stage in both ecotypes, suggesting that cyclic exposure to HS can lead to adaptation. A tissue- and stage-specific difference in response to HS was observed, with peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor (PPAR) signaling and mitogen-activate protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, enriched in heart and skeletal muscle, respectively, and the p53 pathway enriched only in the acute stage in both tissues. The acute and chronic stage DEGs were integrated by a region-specific gene coexpression network (GCN), and genes with the highest number of connections (hub genes) were identified. The hub genes in the lowland network were CCNB2, Crb2, CHST9, SESN1, and NR4A3, while COMMD4, TTC32, H1F0, ACYP1, and RPS28 were the hub genes in the highland network. Pathway analysis of genes in the GCN showed that p53 and PPAR signaling pathways were enriched in both low and highland networks, while MAPK signaling and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum were enriched only in the gene network of highland chickens. This shows that to dissipate the accumulated heat, to reduce heat induced apoptosis, and to promote DNA damage repair, the ecotypes activated or suppressed different genes, indicating the differences in thermal tolerance and HS response mechanisms between the ecotypes. This study provides information on the HS response of chickens, adapted to two different agro climatic environments, extending our understanding of the mechanisms of HS response and the effect of adaptation in counteracting HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Srikanth
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Himansu Kumar
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Woncheoul Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Mijeong Byun
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Dajeong Lim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Steve Kemp
- Animal Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marinus F W Te Pas
- Wageningen UR Livestock Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jun-Mo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, South Korea
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31
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Blackwell TK, Sewell AK, Wu Z, Han M. TOR Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans Development, Metabolism, and Aging. Genetics 2019; 213:329-360. [PMID: 31594908 PMCID: PMC6781902 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Target of Rapamycin (TOR or mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, development, and behaviors by modulating protein synthesis, autophagy, and multiple other cellular processes in response to changes in nutrients and other cues. Over recent years, TOR has been studied intensively in mammalian cell culture and genetic systems because of its importance in growth, metabolism, cancer, and aging. Through its advantages for unbiased, and high-throughput, genetic and in vivo studies, Caenorhabditis elegans has made major contributions to our understanding of TOR biology. Genetic analyses in the worm have revealed unexpected aspects of TOR functions and regulation, and have the potential to further expand our understanding of how growth and metabolic regulation influence development. In the aging field, C. elegans has played a leading role in revealing the promise of TOR inhibition as a strategy for extending life span, and identifying mechanisms that function upstream and downstream of TOR to influence aging. Here, we review the state of the TOR field in C. elegans, and focus on what we have learned about its functions in development, metabolism, and aging. We discuss knowledge gaps, including the potential pitfalls in translating findings back and forth across organisms, but also describe how TOR is important for C. elegans biology, and how C. elegans work has developed paradigms of great importance for the broader TOR field.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Keith Blackwell
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aileen K Sewell
- Department of MCDB, University of Colorado at Boulder, and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Ziyun Wu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Min Han
- Department of MCDB, University of Colorado at Boulder, and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boulder, Colorado
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32
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Chen SD, Yang JL, Lin TK, Yang DI. Emerging Roles of Sestrins in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Beyond. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8071001. [PMID: 31324048 PMCID: PMC6678886 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for the operation of regular neuronal function. However, heightened oxidative stress with increased contents of oxidation markers in DNA, lipids, and proteins with compromised antioxidant capacity may play a harmful role in the brain and may be implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Sestrins, a family of evolutionarily-conserved stress-inducible proteins, are actively regulated by assorted stresses, such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Three highly homologous genes that encode sestrin1, sestrin2, and sestrin3 proteins exist in the genomes of vertebrates. Under stressful conditions, sestrins are activated with versatile functions to cope with different types of stimuli. A growing body of evidence suggests that sestrins, especially sestrin2, can counteract oxidative stress, lessen mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression, and promote cell survival, thereby playing a critical role in aging-related disorders including neurodegeneration. Strategies capable of augmenting sestrin expression may; thus, facilitate cell adaptation to stressful conditions or environments through stimulation of antioxidant response and autophagy process, which may carry clinical significance in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
- Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine; Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Lin Yang
- Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine; Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ding-I Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10629, Taiwan.
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33
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Cordani M, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Strippoli R, Bazhin AV, Donadelli M. Sestrins at the Interface of ROS Control and Autophagy Regulation in Health and Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1283075. [PMID: 31205582 PMCID: PMC6530209 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1283075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy are two highly complex and interrelated components of cell physiopathology, but our understanding of their integration and their contribution to cell homeostasis and disease is still limited. Sestrins (SESNs) belong to a family of highly conserved stress-inducible proteins that orchestrate antioxidant and autophagy-regulating functions protecting cells from various noxious stimuli, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and metabolic stress. They are also relevant modulators of metabolism as positive regulators of the key energy sensor AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Since perturbations in these pathways are central to multiple disorders, SESNs might constitute potential novel therapeutic targets of broad interest. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of regulatory and effector networks of SESNs, highlighting their significance as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for different diseases, such as aging-related diseases, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit “Unidad de Nanobiotecnología”, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Mechanoadaptation & Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Section of Molecular Genetics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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34
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Wang H, Li N, Shao X, Li J, Guo L, Yu X, Sun Y, Hao J, Niu H, Xiang J, Li X, Han X. Increased plasma sestrin2 concentrations in patients with chronic heart failure and predicted the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events: A 36-month follow-up cohort study. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:338-344. [PMID: 31059702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous study had demonstrated that sestrin2 (Sesn2) expression was increased in human failing heart. Although, the circulating Sesn2 concentrations in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) remains unknown. This study investigated plasma Sesn2 concentrations in patients with CHF and the role between Sesn2 and the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events. METHODS A total of 80 control subjects and 220 CHF patients were enrolled and the Sesn2 concentrations of each sample were measured. Additionally, the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events in each CHF patient were followed prospectively for 36 months. RESULTS Increased plasma Sesn2 concentrations were found in CHF patients and gradually increased from New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II to IV. The Sesn2 concentrations were positively correlated with N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) but negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in CHF patients. The ROC curve suggested that Sesn2 had a certain value in predicting major adverse cardiac events during CHF patients, although, the predictive role of Sesn2 is not as good as NT-pro BNP. In addition, the multivariate Cox hazard analysis was performed after the CHF patients were divided into 3 groups (low, middle, and high) base on the plasma Sesn2 concentrations category, and the results showed that both high and middle Sesn2 concentrations increased the incidence of major adverse cardiac events when compared with low Sesn2 group. Furthermore, CHF patients with major adverse cardiac events showed higher Sesn2 concentrations when compared with CHF without major adverse cardiac events. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed after the CHF patients were divided into 2 groups according to the median Sesn2 concentrations and the results revealed that patients with high Sesn2 concentrations had a higher risk of major adverse cardiac events compared with those with low Sesn2. CONCLUSIONS Plasma Sesn2 concentrations were increased in CHF patients and positively correlated with the severity of CHF. Increased Sesn2 concentrations significantly increased the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events and suggested poor outcome in CHF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xingyan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuehui Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinlin Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Huaimin Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of geriatric medicine,Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xuebin Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Discovery of NV-5138, the first selective Brain mTORC1 activator. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4107. [PMID: 30858438 PMCID: PMC6412019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) has been linked to several important chronic medical conditions many of which are associated with advancing age. A variety of inputs including the amino acid leucine are required for full mTORC1 activation. The cytoplasmic proteins Sestrin1 and Sestrin2 specifically bind to the multiprotein complex GATOR2 and communicate leucine sufficiency to the mTORC1 pathway activation complex. Herein, we report NV-5138, a novel orally bioavailable compound that binds to Sestrin2 and activates mTORC1 both in vitro and in vivo. NV-5138 like leucine transiently activates mTORC1 in several peripheral tissues, but in contrast to leucine uniquely activates this complex in the brain due lack of metabolism and utilization in protein synthesis. As such, NV-5138 will permit the exploration in areas of unmet medical need including neuropsychiatric conditions and cognition which have been linked to the activation status of mTORC1.
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Xiao T, Zhang L, Huang Y, Shi Y, Wang J, Ji Q, Ye J, Lin Y, Liu H. Sestrin2 increases in aortas and plasma from aortic dissection patients and alleviates angiotensin II-induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis via the Nrf2 pathway. Life Sci 2018; 218:132-138. [PMID: 30594664 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress is closely related to aortic dissection (AD). Sestrin2 (Sesn2) is an important antioxidant protein, and this study aimed to investigate whether Sesn2 participates in AD and the possible mechanisms. METHODS Sesn2 expression was detected in aortas collected from AD patients and normal donors. In addition, blood samples were collected from AD patients and non-AD (NAD) patients, and the plasma Sesn2 levels were measured. Furthermore, the effects of Sesn2 on angiotensin (Ang) II-induced smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis were investigated in vitro. RESULTS Compared with the aortas from normal donors, aortas from AD patients had significantly increased Sesn2. Sesn2 was mainly secreted by macrophages, and low levels were secreted by CD4+ T lymphocytes, but not SMCs. Plasma Sesn2 levels were also increased in AD patients compared with NAD patients. Sesn2 levels were negatively corrected with superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels but positively corrected with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in AD patients. In co-cultures of macrophages and SMCs, Sesn2 overexpression in macrophages significantly reduced Ang II-induced SMC apoptosis, and this effect could be reversed by Nrf2 silencing. CONCLUSIONS Sesn2 is increased in both aortas and plasma from AD patients. Sesn2 may alleviate Ang II-induced SMC apoptosis and participate in AD via the Nrf2 pathway. Sesn2 may be a new target in the treatment and prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Longhua Central Hospital Affiliated Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518110, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Longhua Central Hospital Affiliated Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518110, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Emergency & Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingwei Ji
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China; Emergency & Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yingzhong Lin
- Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Longhua Central Hospital Affiliated Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518110, China.
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Dalina AA, Kovaleva IE, Budanov AV. Sestrins are Gatekeepers in the Way from Stress to Aging and Disease. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318060043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zeng N, D'Souza RF, Mitchell CJ, Cameron-Smith D. Sestrins are differentially expressed with age in the skeletal muscle of men: A cross-sectional analysis. Exp Gerontol 2018; 110:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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López-Lluch G, Hernández-Camacho JD, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Navas P. Mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolism and ageing: shared mechanisms and outcomes? Biogerontology 2018; 19:461-480. [PMID: 30143941 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9768-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key in the metabolism of aerobic organisms and in ageing progression and age-related diseases. Mitochondria are essential for obtaining ATP from glucose and fatty acids but also in many other essential functions in cells including aminoacids metabolism, pyridine synthesis, phospholipid modifications and calcium regulation. On the other hand, the activity of mitochondria is also the principal source of reactive oxygen species in cells. Ageing and chronic age-related diseases are associated with the deregulation of cell metabolism and dysfunction of mitochondria. Cell metabolism is controlled by three major nutritional sensors: mTOR, AMPK and Sirtuins. These factors control mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics by regulating fusion, fission and turnover through mito- and autophagy. A complex interaction between the activity of these nutritional sensors, mitochondrial biogenesis rate and dynamics exists and affect ageing, age-related diseases including metabolic disease. Further, mitochondria maintain a constant communication with nucleus modulating gene expression and modifying epigenetics. In this review we highlight the importance of mitochondria in ageing and the repercussion in the progression of age-related diseases and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Juan Diego Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel J Moreno Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
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Li Z, Xu Y, Lin Y. Transcriptome analyses reveal genes of alternative splicing associated with muscle development in chickens. Gene 2018; 676:146-155. [PMID: 30010040 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) of pre-mRNA is a central mode of genetic regulation in higher eukaryotes. High-throughput experimental verification of alternative splice forms, functional characterization, and regulation of alternative splicing are key directions for research. However, little information is available on the transcriptome-wide changes during different ages in different chicken breeds. In this study, the sequencing reads of chicken muscle tissues collected from White feather broiler (day 42) and Luning Chicken (day 70, 120, 150) were mapped to the chicken genome. Results showed that a total of 16,958 genes were annotated, with 2230 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) when comparing White feather broiler and Luning Chicken, and an average of 700 DEGs when comparing different ages in Luning Chicken. Functional classification by Gene Ontology (GO) and pathways analysis for selecting the genes showed most DEGs were related to muscle development and immune response. Of the 16,958 genes, a total of 6249 genes (36.85%) underwent AS events, and over 40% were specifically expressed in each library. Additionally, 6 DEGs (SRPK3, ENSGALG00000022884, CCL4, GATM, SESN1, PTTG1IP) involved in muscle development and immunity response were found to be alternatively spliced among all the four muscle tissues. In conclusion, we present a complete dataset involving the spatial and temporal transcriptome of chicken muscle tissue using RNA -seq. These data will facilitate the understanding of the effects of breed and age on the development of muscle and uncover that AS events of candidate genes may have important functional roles in regulation of muscle development in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Yaou Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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Detienne G, De Haes W, Mergan L, Edwards SL, Temmerman L, Van Bael S. Beyond ROS clearance: Peroxiredoxins in stress signaling and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 44:33-48. [PMID: 29580920 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants were long predicted to have lifespan-promoting effects, but in general this prediction has not been well supported. While some antioxidants do seem to have a clear effect on longevity, this may not be primarily as a result of their role in the removal of reactive oxygen species, but rather mediated by other mechanisms such as the modulation of intracellular signaling. In this review we discuss peroxiredoxins, a class of proteinaceous antioxidants with redox signaling and chaperone functions, and their involvement in regulating longevity and stress resistance. Peroxiredoxins have a clear role in the regulation of lifespan and survival of many model organisms, including the mouse, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Recent research on peroxiredoxins - in these models and beyond - has revealed surprising new insights regarding the interplay between peroxiredoxins and longevity signaling, which will be discussed here in detail. As redox signaling is emerging as a potentially important player in the regulation of longevity and aging, increased knowledge of these fascinating antioxidants and their mode(s) of action is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giel Detienne
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wouter De Haes
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lucas Mergan
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Samantha L Edwards
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sven Van Bael
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Rai N, Venugopalan G, Pradhan R, Ambastha A, Upadhyay AD, Dwivedi S, Dey AB, Dey S. Exploration of Novel Anti-Oxidant Protein Sestrin in Frailty Syndrome in Elderly. Aging Dis 2018; 9:220-227. [PMID: 29896412 PMCID: PMC5963344 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty in elderly is very much familiar with a decline in the musculoskeletal system. Muscle degeneration in the lower organism was observed due to loss of anti-oxidant protein Sestrin. The aim of the study is to determine the level of Sestrin1 and Sestrin2 in the serum of frail and non-frail elderly to associate their impact in frailty syndrome. Subjects with age ≥ 65 years were enrolled from Geriatric Medicine OPD of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (N= 92). Among them, 51 subjects were identified as frail and rest 41 were regarded as non-frail according to “deficit accumulation model of Rockwood.” The study was performed by surface plasmon resonance and validated by western blot. Sestrin1 and Sestrin2 were found to be significantly reduced in frail compare to non-frail elderly. Furthermore, even after the adjustment for age, gender and education, the level of Sestrin1 and Sestrin2 remain significantly lower across the groups. The Sestrin1 level was significantly lower in various categories like age, gender, BMI, education, ADL, number of co-morbidity along with other clinico-pathological features. ROC analysis also revealed the distinction of frail and non-frail in respect to serum Sestrin1 and Sestrin2. This study highlighted the new and promising role of serum Sestrin in frail and non-frail elderly. In future, it can be utilized as molecular marker to assess the potential diagnostic value for clinical purpose.
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MiR-16-5p targets SESN1 to regulate the p53 signaling pathway, affecting myoblast proliferation and apoptosis, and is involved in myoblast differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:367. [PMID: 29511169 PMCID: PMC5840423 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of myoblasts are essential processes in skeletal muscle development. During this developmental process, microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles. In our previous RNA-seq study (accession number GSE62971), we found that miR-16-5p was differentially expressed between fast and slow growth in chicken. In this study, we report that miR-16-5p could inhibit myoblast proliferation, promote myoblast apoptosis, and repress myoblast differentiation by directly binding to the 3′ UTR of SESN1, which is also differentially expressed. Overexpression of SESN1 significantly promoted the proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and induced differentiation of myoblasts. Conversely, its loss of function hampered myoblast proliferation, facilitated myoblast apoptosis, and inhibited myoblast differentiation. Interestingly, we found SESN1 could regulate p53 by a feedback mechanism, thereby participating in the regulation of p53 signaling pathway, which suggests that this feedback is indispensable for myoblast proliferation and apoptosis. Altogether, these data demonstrated that miR-16-5p directly targets SESN1 to regulate the p53 signaling pathway, and therefore affecting myoblast proliferation and apoptosis. Additionally, SESN1 targets myogenic genes to control myoblast differentiation.
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Antikainen H, Driscoll M, Haspel G, Dobrowolski R. TOR-mediated regulation of metabolism in aging. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1219-1233. [PMID: 28971552 PMCID: PMC5676073 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is regulated by the mTOR kinase, a key component of the molecular nutrient sensor pathway that plays a central role in cellular survival and aging. The mTOR pathway promotes protein and lipid synthesis and inhibits autophagy, a process known for its contribution to longevity in several model organisms. The nutrient‐sensing pathway is regulated at the lysosomal membrane by a number of proteins for which deficiency triggers widespread aging phenotypes in tested animal models. In response to environmental cues, this recently discovered lysosomal nutrient‐sensing complex regulates autophagy transcriptionally through conserved factors, such as the transcription factors TFEB and FOXO, associated with lifespan extension. This key metabolic pathway strongly depends on nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization, a cellular phenomenon gradually lost during aging. In this review, we discuss the current progress in understanding the contribution of mTOR‐regulating factors to autophagy and longevity. Furthermore, we review research on the regulation of metabolism conducted in multiple aging models, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila and mouse, and human iPSCs. We suggest that conserved molecular pathways have the strongest potential for the development of new avenues for treatment of age‐related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Antikainen
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences New Jersey Institute of Technology Rutgers University Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Monica Driscoll
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Rutgers University Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Gal Haspel
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences New Jersey Institute of Technology Rutgers University Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences New Jersey Institute of Technology Rutgers University Newark NJ 07102 USA
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Ye J, Wang M, Xu Y, Liu J, Jiang H, Wang Z, Lin Y, Wan J. Sestrins increase in patients with coronary artery disease and associate with the severity of coronary stenosis. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 472:51-57. [PMID: 28732653 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sestrins (Sesns) family, which including three members Sesn1, Sesn2 and Sesn3, is known as stress-inducible proteins and participate in multiple diseases via regulating oxidative stress, inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate the plasma levels and the clinical significance of Sesns in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS In the case-control study, 119 CAD patients, including stable angina pectoris (SAP, n=44), unstable angina pectoris (UAP, n=41) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI, n=29) were included. Patients with chest pain syndrome but excluded CAD (n=35) were enrolled as control. Plasma levels of Sesn1, Sesn2, Sesn3, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in all patients were measured and analyzed. RESULTS Compared with control group, plasma levels of Sesn1, Sesn2 and Sesn3 were significantly increased in patients with SAP, UAP and AMI. In addition, a significant lower SOD levels and higher MDA levels were observed in CAD patients, Sesn1/2/3 levels were negatively correlated with SOD levels and positively correlated with MDA levels. Gensini Score were positively correlated with Sesn1/2/3 levels and MDA levels, whereas negatively correlated with SOD levels. Furthermore, as the main risk factors for CAD, the elderly and obesity increased plasma Sesn2 levels, diabetes increased both plasma Sesn2 and Sesn3 levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study was the first to report that the plasma Sesns levels were increased in CAD patients and positively related to the severity of coronary heart disease. Although the exact mechanisms of Sesns in CAD are still unknown, alleviated oxidative stress may be the possible reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China; Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huimin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yingzhong Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China; Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Shi X, Xu L, Doycheva DM, Tang J, Yan M, Zhang JH. Sestrin2, as a negative feedback regulator of mTOR, provides neuroprotection by activation AMPK phosphorylation in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in rat pups. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:1447-1460. [PMID: 27381825 PMCID: PMC5453464 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16656201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a condition caused by reduced oxygen and cerebral blood flow to the brain resulting in neurological impairments. Effective therapeutic treatments to ameliorate these disabilities are still lacking. We sought to investigate the role of sestrin2, a highly conserved stress-inducible protein, in a neonatal rat hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy model. Ten-day-old rat pups underwent right common carotid artery ligation followed by 2.5 h hypoxia. At 1 h post hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, rats were intranasally administered with recombinant human sestrin2 and sacrificed for brain infarct area measurement, Fluoro-Jade C, immunofluorescence staining, Western blot, and neurological function testing. rh-sestrin2 reduced brain infarct area, brain atrophy, apoptosis, ventricular area enlargement, and improved neurological function. Western blot showed that sestrin2 expression levels were increased after treatment with rh-sestrin2, and sestrin2 exerts neuroprotective effects via activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway which in turn inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin signaling resulting in the attenuation of apoptosis. In conclusions: Sestrin2 plays an important neuroprotective role after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and serves as a negative feedback regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin. Administration of rh-sestrin2 not only reduced infarct area and brain atrophy, but also significantly improved neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudan Shi
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,2 Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- 2 Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Desislava Met Doycheva
- 2 Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- 2 Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Min Yan
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - John H Zhang
- 2 Departments of Anesthesiology and Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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López-Lluch G. Mitochondrial activity and dynamics changes regarding metabolism in ageing and obesity. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 162:108-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Lanna A, Gomes DCO, Muller-Durovic B, McDonnell T, Escors D, Gilroy DW, Lee JH, Karin M, Akbar AN. A sestrin-dependent Erk-Jnk-p38 MAPK activation complex inhibits immunity during aging. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:354-363. [PMID: 28114291 PMCID: PMC5321575 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including Erk, Jnk and p38 regulate diverse cellular functions, and are thought to be controlled by independent upstream activation cascades. Here we show that the sestrins bind to and co-ordinate simultaneous Erk, Jnk and p38 MAPK activation in T lymphocytes within a new immune-inhibitory complex (sestrin-MAPK Activation Complex; sMAC). Whereas sestrin ablation resulted in broad reconstitution of immune function in stressed T cells, inhibition of individual MAPKs only allowed partial functional recovery. T cells from old humans and mice were more likely to form the sMAC, and disruption of this complex restored antigen-specific functional responses in these cells. Correspondingly, sestrin deficiency or simultaneous inhibition of all three MAPKs enhanced vaccine responsiveness in old mice. Thus, disruption of sMAC provides a foundation for rejuvenating immunity during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lanna
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel C O Gomes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.,Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas/Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Thomas McDonnell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Escors
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.,Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, Fundación Miguel Servet, IdisNA, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, London, UK
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
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49
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Mlitz V, Gendronneau G, Berlin I, Buchberger M, Eckhart L, Tschachler E. The Expression of the Endogenous mTORC1 Inhibitor Sestrin 2 Is Induced by UVB and Balanced with the Expression Level of Sestrin 1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166832. [PMID: 27861561 PMCID: PMC5115827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrin 2 (SESN2) is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) which controls central cellular processes such as protein translation and autophagy. Previous studies have suggested that SESN2 itself is subjected to regulation at multiple levels. Here, we investigated the expression of SESN2 in the skin and in isolated skin cells. SESN2 was detected by immunofluorescence analysis in fibroblasts and keratinocytes of human skin. Differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes was not associated with altered SESN2 expression and siRNA-mediated knockdown of SESN2 did not impair stratum corneum formation in vitro. However, SESN2 was increased in both cell types when the expression of its paralog SESN1 was blocked by siRNA-mediated knock down, indicating a compensatory mechanism for the control of expression. Irradiation with UVB but not with UVA significantly increased SESN2 expression in both keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Upregulation of SESN2 expression could be completely blocked by suppression of p53. These results suggest that SESN2 is dispensable for normal epidermal keratinization but involved in the UVB stress response of skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Mlitz
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Irina Berlin
- Department of Biology and Women Beauty, Chanel R&T, Pantin, France
| | - Maria Buchberger
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (ET); (LE)
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (ET); (LE)
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50
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Zhao B, Shah P, Qiang L, He TC, Budanov A, He YY. Distinct Role of Sesn2 in Response to UVB-Induced DNA Damage and UVA-Induced Oxidative Stress in Melanocytes. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 93:375-381. [PMID: 27463837 DOI: 10.1111/php.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, including both UVB and UVA irradiation, is the major risk factor for causing skin cancer including melanoma. Recently, we have shown that Sesn2, a member of the evolutionarily conserved stress-inducible protein family Sestrins (Sesn), is upregulated in human melanomas as compared to melanocytes in normal human skin, suggesting an oncogenic role of Sesn2. However, the role of Sesn2 in UVB and UVA response is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that both UVB and UVA induce Sesn2 upregulation in melanocytes and melanoma cells. UVB induces Sesn2 expression through the p53 and AKT3 pathways. Sesn2 negatively regulates UVB-induced DNA damage repair. In comparison, UVA induces Sesn2 upregulation through mitochondria but not Nrf2. Sesn2 ablation increased UVA-induced Nrf2 induction and inhibits UVA-induced ROS production, indicating that Sesn2 acts as an upstream regulator of Nrf2. These findings suggest previously unrecognized mechanisms in melanocyte response to UVB and UVA irradiation and potentially in melanoma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Palak Shah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Lei Qiang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrey Budanov
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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