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Askvig JM, Dalzell TS, Toumeh N, Kuball PT, Whiteman ST, Bye EW, Andersen MJ, McCarthy MG, Irmen RE, Bexell SH, Benolken MM, Maruska BL, Nordmann SE. Age-dependent increase in Thy-1 protein in the rat supraoptic nucleus. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03501. [PMID: 32181386 PMCID: PMC7066247 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature mammalian CNS neurons often do not recover successfully following injury. To this point, unilateral lesion of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract results in collateral sprouting from uninjured axons of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) in 35-day-old but not in 125-day-old rats. Thus, it appears that there are age-related changes within the SON that preclude the older rat from recovering following axotomy. We hypothesize that the intrinsic capacity for axon reorganization may depend, in part, on age-related alterations in cell adhesion molecules that allow normal astrocyte-neuron interactions in the SON. In support of our hypothesis, numerous reports have shown that Thy-1 is increased in neurons at the cessation of axon outgrowth. Therefore, we compared protein levels of Thy-1 and the Thy-1 interacting integrin subunits, alpha-v (αv), beta-3 (ß3), and beta-5 (ß5), in 35- and 125-day-old SON using western blot analysis. Our results demonstrated that there was significantly more Thy-1 protein in the 125-day-old SON compared to 35-day-old SON, but no change in the protein levels of the integrin subunits. Furthermore, we localized Thy-1-, αv integrin-, ß3 integrin-, and ß5 integrin-immunoreactivity to both neurons and astrocytes in the SON. Altogether, our results suggest that the observed increase in Thy-1 protein levels in the SON with age may contribute to an environment that prevents collateral axonal sprouting in the SON of the 125-day-old rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Askvig
- Department of Biology, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN, 56562, USA
| | - Talia S Dalzell
- Department of Biology, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN, 56562, USA
| | - Nadia Toumeh
- Department of Biology, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN, 56562, USA
| | - Phillip T Kuball
- Department of Biology, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN, 56562, USA
| | - Sara T Whiteman
- Department of Biology, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN, 56562, USA
| | - Erik W Bye
- Department of Biology, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN, 56562, USA
| | | | | | - Riley E Irmen
- Department of Biology, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN, 56562, USA
| | - Sydney H Bexell
- Department of Biology, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN, 56562, USA
| | - Molly M Benolken
- Department of Biology, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN, 56562, USA
| | - Brooke L Maruska
- Department of Biology, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN, 56562, USA
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Yan L, Sun X, Wang Z, Song M, Zhang Z. Regulation of social behaviors by p-Stat3 via oxytocin and its receptor in the nucleus accumbens of male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). Horm Behav 2020; 119:104638. [PMID: 31765660 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Social behavior plays a significant role in the formation of social structure and population regulation in both animals and humans. Oxytocin (OXT) and its receptor (OXTR) are well known for regulating social behaviors, but their upstream regulating factors are rarely investigated. We hypothesized that the phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-Stat3) may regulate social and aggressive behaviors via the OXT system in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). To test this hypothesis, OXT, p-Stat3 inhibitor, OXTR antagonist, and OXT plus p-Stat3 inhibitor were infused, respectively, into the NAc in the brain of male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) - a social rodent species in grassland of Inner Mongolia, China. Our data showed that blockage of p-Stat3-Tyr705 signaling pathway in the NAc not only increased aggressive behavior but also impaired social recognition of male Brandt's voles via its effects on the expression of local OXT and OXTR. These results have illustrated a novel signaling pathway of p-Stat3-Tyr705 in regulating social behaviors via the OXT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiuping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zuoxin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Mingjing Song
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Modgil S, Bammidi S, Banik A, Sharma VL, Anand A. Alpha lipoic acid attenuates the long-term effects of lead exposure in retinal ischemic injury mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:15548-15558. [PMID: 30945075 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure is reported to be unsafe for humans. There have been several studies documenting acute and chronic Pb toxicity on the organ systems. New studies suggest that early-life exposure to such environmental toxins may increase the susceptibility to late-onset degenerative disorders. We aimed to examine the long-term effects of early-life postnatal exposure of Pb on retinal degeneration. Pb exposure (200 ppm) was provided either at postnatal day 1 through lactation (early-life exposure) or at 7th week of age (adulthood exposure) directly through drinking water for 20 days. The Pb-treated mice were followed till 20 weeks of age. At 20th week, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was induced in these mice by pterygopalatine artery ligation. Further, alpha lipoic acid (ALA) was administered to examine its neuroprotective effects against retinal damage. Histological and molecular analysis revealed that Pb-treated mice had greater retinal damage after I/R injury as compared to untreated or ALA treated mice, suggesting that ALA protects the early-life Pb exposure and its consequent impact on later life. The elevated levels of glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and reduced levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) upon ALA pre-treatment suggest that it probably exerts anti-inflammatory effects via upregulation of neurotrophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Modgil
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sridhar Bammidi
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Avijit Banik
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Askvig JM, Watt JA. Absence of axonal sprouting following unilateral lesion in 125-day-old rat supraoptic nucleus may be due to age-dependent decrease in protein levels of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:2291-2301. [PMID: 30861131 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Within the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of a 35-day-old rat, we previously demonstrated a collateral sprouting response that reinnervates the partially denervated neural lobe (NL) after unilateral lesion of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract. Others have shown a decreased propensity for axonal sprouting in an aged brain; therefore, to see if the SON exhibits a decreased propensity for axonal sprouting as the animal ages, we performed a unilateral lesion in the 125-day-old rat SON. Ultrastructural analysis of axon profiles in the NL of the 125-day-old rat demonstrated an absence of axonal sprouting following injury. We previously demonstrated that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) promotes process outgrowth from injured magnocellular neuron axons in vitro. Thus, we hypothesized that the lack of axonal sprouting in the 125-day-old rat SON may be due to a reduction in CNTF or the CNTF receptor components. To this point, we found that as the rat ages there is significantly less CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFRα) protein in the uninjured, 125-day-old rat compared to the uninjured, 35-day-old rat. We also observed that protein levels of CNTF and the CNTF receptor components were increased in the SON and NL following injury in the 35-day-old rat, but there was no difference in the protein levels in the 125-day-old rat. Altogether, the results presented herein demonstrate that the plasticity within the SON is highly dependent on the age of the rat, and that a decrease in CNTFRα protein levels in the 125-day-old rat may contribute to the loss of axonal sprouting following axotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Askvig
- Department of Biology, Concordia College, Moorhead, Minnesota
| | - John A Watt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota
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Kazim SF, Cardenas-Aguayo MDC, Arif M, Blanchard J, Fayyaz F, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K. Sera from children with autism induce autistic features which can be rescued with a CNTF small peptide mimetic in rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118627. [PMID: 25769033 PMCID: PMC4359103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized clinically by impairments in social interaction and verbal and non-verbal communication skills as well as restricted interests and repetitive behavior. It has been hypothesized that altered brain environment including an imbalance in neurotrophic support during early development contributes to the pathophysiology of autism. Here we report that sera from children with autism which exhibited abnormal levels of various neurotrophic factors induced cell death and oxidative stress in mouse primary cultured cortical neurons. The effects of sera from autistic children were rescued by pre-treatment with a ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) small peptide mimetic, Peptide 6 (P6), which was previously shown to exert its neuroprotective effect by modulating CNTF/JAK/STAT pathway and LIF signaling and by enhancing brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Similar neurotoxic effects and neuroinflammation were observed in young Wistar rats injected intracerebroventricularly with autism sera within hours after birth. The autism sera injected rats demonstrated developmental delay and deficits in social communication, interaction, and novelty. Both the neurobiological changes and the behavioral autistic phenotype were ameliorated by P6 treatment. These findings implicate the involvement of neurotrophic imbalance during early brain development in the pathophysiology of autism and a proof of principle of P6 as a potential therapeutic strategy for autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faraz Kazim
- Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (NYSIBR), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
- Neural and Behavioral Science Graduate Program, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- SUNY Downstate/NYSIBR Center for Developmental Neuroscience (CDN), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria del Carmen Cardenas-Aguayo
- Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (NYSIBR), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Arif
- Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (NYSIBR), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Julie Blanchard
- Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (NYSIBR), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Fatima Fayyaz
- Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (NYSIBR), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Inge Grundke-Iqbal
- Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (NYSIBR), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (NYSIBR), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
- SUNY Downstate/NYSIBR Center for Developmental Neuroscience (CDN), Staten Island, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Askvig JM, Watt JA. The MAPK and PI3K pathways mediate CNTF-induced neuronal survival and process outgrowth in hypothalamic organotypic cultures. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:217-31. [PMID: 25698661 PMCID: PMC4580676 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While collateral sprouting has been shown to occur in a variety of neuronal populations, the factor or factors responsible for mediating the sprouting response remain largely un-defined. There is evidence indicating that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) may play an important role in promoting neuronal survival and process outgrowth in neuronal phenotypes tested to date. We previously demonstrated that the astrocytic Jak-STAT pathway is necessary to mediate CNTF-induced oxytocinergic (OT) neuronal survival; however, the mechanism (s) of CNTF-mediated process outgrowth remain unknown. Our working hypothesis is that CNTF mediates differential neuroprotective responses via different intracellular signal transduction pathways. In order to test this hypothesis, we utilized stationary hypothalamic organotypic cultures to assess the contribution of the MAPK-ERK and PI3-AKT pathways to OT neuron survival and process outgrowth. Our results demonstrate that the MAPK-ERK½ pathway mediates CNTF-induced neuronal survival. Moreover, we show that inhibition of the p38-, JNK-MAPK, and mTOR pathways prevents loss OT neurons following axotomy. We also provide quantitative evidence indicating that CNTF promotes process outgrowth of OT neurons via the PI3K-AKT pathway. Together, these data indicate that distinct intracellular signaling pathways mediate diverse neuroprotective processes in response to CNTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Askvig
- Department of Biology, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN, 56562, USA.
| | - John A Watt
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Room 1701 Stop 9037, 501 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Katiella K, Huang W. Chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft combined with ciliary neurotrophic factor promotes sciatic nerve repair. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1358-64. [PMID: 25221592 PMCID: PMC4160866 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.137588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft can reduce postoperative immune rejection, similar to an autologous nerve graft, and can guide neural regeneration. However, it remains poorly understood whether a chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft combined with neurotrophic factors provides a good local environment for neural regeneration. This study investigated the repair of injured rat sciatic nerve using a chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft combined with ciliary neurotrophic factor. An autologous nerve anastomosis group and a chemical acellular allogeneic nerve bridging group were prepared as controls. At 8 weeks after repair, sciatic functional index, evoked potential amplitude of the soleus muscle, triceps wet weight recovery rate, total number of myelinated nerve fibers and myelin sheath thickness were measured. For these indices, values in the three groups showed the autologous nerve anastomosis group > chemically extracted acellular nerve graft + ciliary neurotrophic factor group > chemical acellular allogeneic nerve bridging group. These results suggest that chemically extracted acellular nerve grafts combined with ciliary neurotrophic factor can repair sciatic nerve defects, and that this repair is inferior to autologous nerve anastomosis, but superior to chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve bridging alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Zhang
- Institute of International Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China ; Institute of Clinical Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Kaka Katiella
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Keasey MP, Kang SS, Lovins C, Hagg T. Inhibition of a novel specific neuroglial integrin signaling pathway increases STAT3-mediated CNTF expression. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:35. [PMID: 23693126 PMCID: PMC3691611 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) expression is repressed in astrocytes by neuronal contact in the CNS and is rapidly induced by injury. Here, we defined an inhibitory integrin signaling pathway. Results The integrin substrates laminin, fibronectin and vitronectin, but not collagen, thrombospondin or fibrinogen, reduced CNTF expression in C6 astroglioma cells. Antibodies against αv and β5, but not α6 or β1, integrin induced CNTF. Together, the ligand and antibody specificity suggests that CNTF is repressed by αvβ5 integrin. Antibodies against Thy1, an abundant neuronal surface protein whose function is unclear, induced CNTF in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures indicating that it is a neuroglial CNTF repressor. Inhibition of the integrin signaling molecule Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) or the downstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) or p38 MAPK, greatly induced CNTF mRNA and protein expression within 4 hours. This selective inhibitory pathway phosphorylated STAT3 on its inhibitory ser-727 residue interfering with activity of the pro-transcription Tyr-705 residue. STAT3 can activate CNTF transcription because it bound to its promoter and FAK antagonist-induced CNTF was reduced by blocking STAT3. Microinjection of FAK inhibitor directly into the brain or spinal cord in adult mice rapidly induced CNTF mRNA and protein expression. Importantly, systemic treatment with FAK inhibitors over 3 days induced CNTF in the subventricular zone and increased neurogenesis. Conclusions Neuron-astroglia contact mediated by integrins serves as a sensor to enable rapid neurotrophic responses and provides a new pharmacological avenue to exploit the neuroprotective properties of endogenous CNTF.
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