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Miguez A, Gomis C, Vila C, Monguió-Tortajada M, Fernández-García S, Bombau G, Galofré M, García-Bravo M, Sanders P, Fernández-Medina H, Poquet B, Salado-Manzano C, Roura S, Alberch J, Segovia JC, Allen ND, Borràs FE, Canals JM. Soluble mutant huntingtin drives early human pathogenesis in Huntington's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:238. [PMID: 37535170 PMCID: PMC10400696 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable inherited brain disorder characterised by massive degeneration of striatal neurons, which correlates with abnormal accumulation of misfolded mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein. Research on HD has been hampered by the inability to study early dysfunction and progressive degeneration of human striatal neurons in vivo. To investigate human pathogenesis in a physiologically relevant context, we transplanted human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) from control and HD patients into the striatum of new-born mice. Most hNPCs differentiated into striatal neurons that projected to their target areas and established synaptic connexions within the host basal ganglia circuitry. Remarkably, HD human striatal neurons first developed soluble forms of mHTT, which primarily targeted endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and nuclear membrane to cause structural alterations. Furthermore, HD human cells secreted extracellular vesicles containing mHTT monomers and oligomers, which were internalised by non-mutated mouse striatal neurons triggering cell death. We conclude that interaction of mHTT soluble forms with key cellular organelles initially drives disease progression in HD patients and their transmission through exosomes contributes to spread the disease in a non-cell autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Miguez
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Creatio, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Neurology-Neuroimmunology Department, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cinta Gomis
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Creatio, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Vila
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Creatio, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Monguió-Tortajada
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-García
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Bombau
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Creatio, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Galofré
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Creatio, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Bravo
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Phil Sanders
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Creatio, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Fernández-Medina
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Creatio, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Poquet
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Creatio, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Salado-Manzano
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Creatio, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Roura
- ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Creatio, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Carlos Segovia
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas D Allen
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Francesc E Borràs
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
- Nephrology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Universitary Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Josep M Canals
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Creatio, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Magrassi L, Nato G, Delia D, Buffo A. Cell-Autonomous Processes That Impair Xenograft Survival into the Cerebellum. THE CEREBELLUM 2022; 21:821-825. [PMID: 35578085 PMCID: PMC9411236 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In immunocompetent animals, numerous factors including the immune system of the host regulate the survival of neuro-glial precursors transplanted into the cerebellum. We transplanted human neuro-glial precursors derived in vitro from partial differentiation of IPS cells into the developing cerebellum of mice and rats before maturation of the host immune system. These approaches should facilitate the development of immune-tolerance for the transplanted cells. However, we found that human cells survived the engraftment and integrated into the host cerebellum and brain stem up to about 1 month postnatally when they were rejected in both species. On the contrary, when we transplanted the same cells in NOD-SCID mice, they survived indefinitely. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the slower pace of differentiation of human neural precursors compared to that of rodents restricts the induction of immune-tolerance to human antigens expressed before completion of the maturation of the immune system. As predicted by our hypothesis, when we engrafted the human neuro-glial precursor cells either in a more mature state or mixed with extracts from adult cerebellum, we prolonged the survival of the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Magrassi
- Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
- Istituto Di Genetica Molecolare IGM-CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giulia Nato
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043, Torino, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and System Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin, Italy
| | - Domenico Delia
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Buffo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, 10043, Torino, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, Torino, Italy
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3
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Mogensen FLH, Delle C, Nedergaard M. The Glymphatic System (En)during Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7491. [PMID: 34299111 PMCID: PMC8305763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system is a fluid-transport system that accesses all regions of the brain. It facilitates the exchange of cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid and clears waste from the metabolically active brain. Astrocytic endfeet and their dense expression of the aquaporin-4 water channels promote fluid exchange between the perivascular spaces and the neuropil. Cerebrospinal and interstitial fluids are together transported back to the vascular compartment by meningeal and cervical lymphatic vessels. Multiple lines of work show that neurological diseases in general impair glymphatic fluid transport. Insofar as the glymphatic system plays a pseudo-lymphatic role in the central nervous system, it is poised to play a role in neuroinflammation. In this review, we discuss how the association of the glymphatic system with the meningeal lymphatic vessel calls for a renewal of established concepts on the CNS as an immune-privileged site. We also discuss potential approaches to target the glymphatic system to combat neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Lind-Holm Mogensen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (F.L.-H.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Christine Delle
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (F.L.-H.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (F.L.-H.M.); (C.D.)
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Nato G, Corti A, Parmigiani E, Jachetti E, Lecis D, Colombo MP, Delia D, Buffo A, Magrassi L. Immune-tolerance to human iPS-derived neural progenitors xenografted into the immature cerebellum is overridden by species-specific differences in differentiation timing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:651. [PMID: 33436685 PMCID: PMC7803978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We xeno-transplanted human neural precursor cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells into the cerebellum and brainstem of mice and rats during prenatal development or the first postnatal week. The transplants survived and started to differentiate up to 1 month after birth when they were rejected by both species. Extended survival and differentiation of the same cells were obtained only when they were transplanted in NOD-SCID mice. Transplants of human neural precursor cells mixed with the same cells after partial in vitro differentiation or with a cellular extract obtained from adult rat cerebellum increased survival of the xeno-graft beyond one month. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the slower pace of differentiation of human neural precursors compared to that of rodents restricts induction of immune-tolerance to human antigens expressed before completion of maturation of the immune system. With further maturation the transplanted neural precursors expressed more mature antigens before the graft were rejected. Supplementation of the immature cells suspensions with more mature antigens may help to induce immune-tolerance for those antigens expressed only later by the engrafted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Nato
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), 10043, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Parmigiani
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), 10043, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Lecis
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Paolo Colombo
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenico Delia
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy.,IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Buffo
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), 10043, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Magrassi
- Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. .,Istituto Di Genetica Molecolare IGM-CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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5
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Ogawa Y, Tanaka E, Sato Y, Tsuji M. Brain damage caused by neonatal hypoxia-ischemia and the effects of hypothermia in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Exp Neurol 2020; 337:113577. [PMID: 33359474 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of brain damage in newborns. Although therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to be neuroprotective against neonatal HIE in clinical trials, its effect is not satisfactory. Cell-based therapies have attracted much attention as novel treatments for HIE. Preclinical studies on a variety of human cell transplantation methods have been performed in immunodeficient/immunosuppressed animals, such as severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, which lack functional T and B lymphocytes. The detailed characteristics of neonatal HIE in SCID mice, however, have not been delineated. In preclinical studies, novel therapies for neonatal HIE should be evaluated in combination with hypothermia, which has become a standard treatment for neonatal HIE. However, the effects of hypothermia in SCID mice have not been delineated. In the present study, we compared neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage in SCID mice and wild-type mice treated with or without hypothermia. Male and female mouse pups were subjected to HI insult induced by unilateral common carotid artery ligation combined with systemic hypoxia on postnatal day 12. In the first 4 h after HI insult, body temperature was maintained at 36 °C for the normothermia groups or 32 °C for the hypothermia groups. The severity of brain damage in SCID mice did not differ from that in wild-type mice based on most evaluations, i.e., cerebral blood flow, hemiparesis, muscle strength, spontaneous activity, cerebral hemispheric volume, neuropathological injury, and serum cytokine levels, although spleen weight, brain weight, leukocyte counts and the levels of some cytokines in the peripheral blood were different between genotypes. The effects of hypothermia in SCID mice were comparable to those in wild-type mice based on most evaluations. Taken together, these findings indicate that SCID mice can be used as an appropriate preclinical model for cell therapies for neonatal HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ogawa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Emi Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal - Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan.
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D'Alessio R, Koukouli F, Blanchard S, Catteau J, Raïs C, Lemonnier T, Féraud O, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Groszer M, Maskos U. Long-term development of human iPSC-derived pyramidal neurons quantified after transplantation into the neonatal mouse cortex. Dev Biol 2020; 461:86-95. [PMID: 31982375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the main obstacles for studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human neurodevelopment in vivo is the scarcity of experimental models. The discovery that neurons can be generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) paves the way for novel approaches that are stem cell-based. Here, we developed a technique to follow the development of transplanted hiPSC-derived neuronal precursors in the cortex of mice over time. Using post-mortem immunohistochemistry we quantified the differentiation and maturation of dendritic patterns of the human neurons over a total of six months. In addition, entirely hiPSC-derived neuronal parenchyma was followed over eight months using two-photon in vivo imaging through a cranial window. We found that transplanted hiPSC-derived neuronal precursors exhibit a "protracted" human developmental programme in different cortical areas. This offers novel possibilities for the sequential in vivo study of human cortical development and its alteration, followed in "real time".
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa D'Alessio
- Institut Pasteur, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Département de Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 3571, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Fani Koukouli
- Institut Pasteur, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Département de Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 3571, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Blanchard
- Institut Pasteur, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Département de Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 3571, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Julie Catteau
- Institut Pasteur, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Département de Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 3571, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Célia Raïs
- Institut Pasteur, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Département de Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 3571, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Lemonnier
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Féraud
- INSERM UMR 935, ESTeam Paris Sud, SFR André Lwoff, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France; Infrastructure Nationale INGESTEM, Université Paris Sud, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- INSERM UMR 935, ESTeam Paris Sud, SFR André Lwoff, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France; Infrastructure Nationale INGESTEM, Université Paris Sud, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Groszer
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Institut Pasteur, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Département de Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 3571, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France.
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Fainstein N, Ben-Hur T. Brain Region-Dependent Rejection of Neural Precursor Cell Transplants. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:136. [PMID: 29760649 PMCID: PMC5936755 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of CNS as an immune-privileged site has been challenged by the occurrence of immune surveillance and allogeneic graft rejection in the brain. Here we examined whether the immune response to allogeneic neural grafts is determined by the site of implantation in the CNS. Dramatic regional differences were observed between immune responses to allogeneic neural precursor/stem cell (NPC) grafts in the striatum vs. the hippocampus. Striatal grafts were heavily infiltrated with IBA-1+ microglia/macrophages and CD3+ T cells and completely rejected. In contrast, hippocampal grafts exhibited milder IBA-1+ cell infiltration, were not penetrated efficiently by CD3+ cells, and survived efficiently for at least 2 months. To evaluate whether the hippocampal protective effect is universal, astrocytes were then transplanted. Allogeneic astrocyte grafts elicited a vigorous rejection process from the hippocampus. CD200, a major immune-inhibitory signal, plays an important role in protecting grafts from rejection. Indeed, CD200 knock out NPC grafts were rejected more efficiently than wild type NPCs from the striatum. However, lack of CD200 expression did not elicit NPC graft rejection from the hippocampus. In conclusion, the hippocampus has partial immune-privilege properties that are restricted to NPCs and are CD200-independent. The unique hippocampal milieu may be protective for allogeneic NPC grafts, through host-graft interactions enabling sustained immune-regulatory properties of transplanted NPCs. These findings have implications for providing adequate immunosuppression in clinical translation of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Fainstein
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamir Ben-Hur
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Shin JE, Jung K, Kim M, Hwang K, Lee H, Kim IS, Lee BH, Lee IS, Park KI. Brain and spinal cord injury repair by implantation of human neural progenitor cells seeded onto polymer scaffolds. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-18. [PMID: 29674624 PMCID: PMC5938022 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and spinal cord injury (SCI) lead to extensive tissue loss and axonal degeneration. The combined application of the polymer scaffold and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) has been reported to enhance neural repair, protection and regeneration through multiple modes of action following neural injury. This study investigated the reparative ability and therapeutic potentials of biological bridges composed of human fetal brain-derived NPCs seeded upon poly(glycolic acid)-based scaffold implanted into the infarction cavity of a neonatal HI brain injury or the hemisection cavity in an adult SCI. Implantation of human NPC (hNPC)–scaffold complex reduced the lesion volume, induced survival, engraftment, and differentiation of grafted cells, increased neovascularization, inhibited glial scar formation, altered the microglial/macrophage response, promoted neurite outgrowth and axonal extension within the lesion site, and facilitated the connection of damaged neural circuits. Tract tracing demonstrated that hNPC–scaffold grafts appear to reform the connections between neurons and their targets in both cerebral hemispheres in HI brain injury and protect some injured corticospinal fibers in SCI. Finally, the hNPC–scaffold complex grafts significantly improved motosensory function and attenuated neuropathic pain over that of the controls. These findings suggest that, with further investigation, this optimized multidisciplinary approach of combining hNPCs with biomaterial scaffolds provides a more versatile treatment for brain injury and SCI. Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with human fetal brain cells can help repair neurological injuries in rodents. A team led by Kook In Park and Il-Shin Lee from the Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, created a mesh of plastic fibers that they bathed in neural progenitor cells. Over the course of several days, these cells differentiated into different types of brain cells, including neurons and glia. The researchers implanted these cell-scaffold complexes into the sites of injury in two rodent models: newborn mice with oxygen deprivation to the brain, and adult rats with severed spinal cords. In both cases, the treatment helped the injured tissues heal and improved the neurological or motor function of the animals. The authors suggest these tissue-engineered structures could also help people with brain or spine injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Jung
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Miri Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kyujin Hwang
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Haejin Lee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Il-Sun Kim
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Brain Research Institute, Epilepsy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Il-Shin Lee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Kook In Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea. .,Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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9
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Qian Y, Zhao X, Han Q, Chen W, Li H, Yuan W. An integrated multi-layer 3D-fabrication of PDA/RGD coated graphene loaded PCL nanoscaffold for peripheral nerve restoration. Nat Commun 2018; 9:323. [PMID: 29358641 PMCID: PMC5778129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a conductive nanomaterial, graphene has huge potentials in nerve function restoration by promoting electrical signal transduction and metabolic activities with unique topological properties. Polydopamine (PDA) and arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) can improve cell adhesion in tissue engineering. Here we report an integrated 3D printing and layer-by-layer casting (LBLC) method in multi-layered porous scaffold fabrication. The scaffold is composed of single-layered graphene (SG) or multi-layered graphene (MG) and polycaprolactone (PCL). The electrically conductive 3D graphene scaffold can significantly improve neural expression both in vitro and in vivo. It promotes successful axonal regrowth and remyelination after peripheral nerve injury. These findings implicate that graphene-based nanotechnology have great potentials in peripheral nerve restoration in preclinical and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qixin Han
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Medicine, University of California, 1450 Third St., San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Weien Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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10
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Tom CM, Younesi S, Meer E, Bresee C, Godoy M, Mattis VB. Survival of iPSC-derived grafts within the striatum of immunodeficient mice: Importance of developmental stage of both transplant and host recipient. Exp Neurol 2017; 297:118-128. [PMID: 28760579 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of the striatum can occur in multiple disorders with devastating consequences for the patients. Infantile infections with streptococcus, measles, or herpes can cause striatal necrosis associated with dystonia or dyskinesia; and in patients with Huntington's disease the striatum undergoes massive degeneration, leading to behavioral, psychological and movement issues, ultimately resulting in death. Currently, only supportive therapies are available for striatal degeneration. Clinical trials have shown some efficacy using transplantation of fetal-derived primary striatal progenitors. Large banks of fetal progenitors that give rise to medium spiny neurons (MSNs), the primary neuron of the striatum, are needed to make transplantation therapy a reality. However, fetal tissue is of limited supply, has ethical concerns, and is at risk of graft immunorejection. An alternative potential source of MSNs is induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), adult somatic tissues reprogrammed back to a stem cell fate. Multiple publications have demonstrated the ability to differentiate striatal MSNs from iPSCs. Previous publications have demonstrated that the efficacy of fetal progenitor transplants is critically dependent upon the age of the donor embryo/fetus as well as the age of the transplant recipient. With the advent of iPSC technology, a question that remains unanswered concerns the graft's "age," which is crucial since transplanting pluripotent cells has an inherent risk of over proliferation and teratoma formation. Therefore, in order to also determine the effect of transplant recipient age on the graft, iPSCs were differentiated to three stages along a striatal differentiation paradigm and transplanted into the striatum of both neonatal and adult immunodeficient mice. This study demonstrated that increased murine transplant-recipient age (adult vs neonate) resulted in decreased graft survival and volume/rostro-caudal spread after six weeks in vivo, regardless of "age" of the cells transplanted. Importantly, this study implicates that the in vivo setting may provide a better neurogenic niche for iPSC-based modeling as compared to the in vitro setting. Together, these results recapitulate findings from fetal striatal progenitor transplantation studies and further demonstrate the influence of the host environment on cellular survival and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton M Tom
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shahab Younesi
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Elana Meer
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Catherine Bresee
- Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Marlesa Godoy
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Virginia B Mattis
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Orthotopic xenotransplantation studies represent the final stage in preclinical cancer research and could facilitate the implementation of precision medicine. To date, these xenografts have been tested in immunodeficient animals, but complete elimination of the adaptive immunity is a significant drawback. We present a method of efficient human glioblastoma (GBM) cell engraftment in adult mice with intact immune systems, mediated by a transient blockade of T-cell co-stimulation. Compared to transplants grown in immunodeficient hosts, the resulting tumors more accurately resemble the clinical pathophysiology of patient GBMs, which are characterized by blood-brain-barrier leakage and strong neo-vascularization. We expect our method to have great utility for studying human tumor cell biology, particularly in the field of cancer immunotherapy and in studies on microenvironmental interactions. Given the straightforward approach, the method may also be applicable to other tumor types and additional model organisms.
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12
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Neurogenin-2-transduced human neural progenitor cells attenuate neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Transl Res 2017; 183:121-136.e9. [PMID: 28081931 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury leads to high mortality and neurodevelopmental disabilities. Multipotent neural progenitor cells (NPCs) with self-renewing capacity have the potential to reduce neuronal loss and improve the compromised environment in the HI brain injury. However, the therapeutic efficacy of neuronal-committed progenitor cells and the underlying mechanisms of recovery are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study investigated the regenerative ability and action mechanisms of neuronally committed human NPCs (hNPCs) transduced with neurogenin-2 (NEUROG2) in neonatal HI brain injury. NEUROG2- or green fluorescent protein (GFP)-encoding adenoviral vector-transduced hNPCs (NEUROG2- or GFP-NPCs) were transplanted into neonatal mouse brains with HI injury. Grafted NEUROG2-NPCs showed robust dispersion and engraftment, prolonged survival, and neuronal differentiation in HI brain injury. NEUROG2-NPCs significantly improved neurological behaviors, decreased cellular apoptosis, and increased the neurite outgrowth and axonal sprouting in HI brain injury. In contrast, GFP-NPC grafts moderately enhanced axonal extension with limited behavioral recovery. Notably, NEUROG2-NPCs showed increased secretion of multiple factors, such as nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3 (NTF3), fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and thrombospondins 1 and 2 (THBS 1/2), which promoted SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell survival and neurite outgrowth. Thus, we postulate that NEUROG2-expressing human NPCs facilitate functional recovery after neonatal HI brain injury via their ability to secrete multiple factors that enhance neuronal survival and neuroplasticity.
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13
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Goldberg NRS, Marsh SE, Ochaba J, Shelley BC, Davtyan H, Thompson LM, Steffan JS, Svendsen CN, Blurton-Jones M. Human Neural Progenitor Transplantation Rescues Behavior and Reduces α-Synuclein in a Transgenic Model of Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1477-1490. [PMID: 28225193 PMCID: PMC5464354 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders sharing the common feature of misfolding and accumulation of the presynaptic protein α‐synuclein (α‐syn) into insoluble aggregates. Within this diverse group, Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is characterized by the aberrant accumulation of α‐syn in cortical, hippocampal, and brainstem neurons, resulting in multiple cellular stressors that particularly impair dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission and related motor and cognitive function. Recent studies show that murine neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation can improve cognitive or motor function in transgenic models of Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease, and DLB. However, examination of clinically relevant human NSCs in these models is hindered by the challenges of xenotransplantation and the confounding effects of immunosuppressant drugs on pathology and behavior. To address this challenge, we developed an immune‐deficient transgenic model of DLB that lacks T‐, B‐, and NK‐cells, yet exhibits progressive accumulation of human α‐syn (h‐α‐syn)‐laden inclusions and cognitive and motor impairments. We demonstrate that clinically relevant human neural progenitor cells (line CNS10‐hNPCs) survive, migrate extensively and begin to differentiate preferentially into astrocytes following striatal transplantation into this DLB model. Critically, grafted CNS10‐hNPCs rescue both cognitive and motor deficits after 1 and 3 months and, furthermore, restore striatal dopamine and glutamate systems. These behavioral and neurochemical benefits are likely achieved by reducing α‐syn oligomers. Collectively, these results using a new model of DLB demonstrate that hNPC transplantation can impact a broad array of disease mechanisms and phenotypes and suggest a cellular therapeutic strategy that should be pursued. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1477–1490
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R S Goldberg
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Irvine, California, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Samuel E Marsh
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Irvine, California, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Joseph Ochaba
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Brandon C Shelley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, California, USA
| | - Leslie M Thompson
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Irvine, California, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Joan S Steffan
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Irvine, California, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, Irvine, California, USA
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14
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Sokol J, Lippert T, Borlongan CV, Stuppia L. Translating amniotic fluid-derived stem cells for transplantation in stroke. Chin Neurosurg J 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41016-016-0055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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15
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Wiles K, Fishman JM, De Coppi P, Birchall MA. The Host Immune Response to Tissue-Engineered Organs: Current Problems and Future Directions. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:208-19. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin A. Birchall
- UCL Ear Institute & Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Heuer A, Kirkeby A, Pfisterer U, Jönsson ME, Parmar M. hESC-derived neural progenitors prevent xenograft rejection through neonatal desensitisation. Exp Neurol 2016; 282:78-85. [PMID: 27235932 PMCID: PMC4920671 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies for neurological disorders are rapidly moving towards use in clinical trials. Before initiation of clinical trials, extensive pre-clinical validation in appropriate animal models is essential. However, grafts of human cells into the rodent brain are rejected within weeks after transplantation and the standard methods of immune-suppression for the purpose of studying human xenografts are not always sufficient for the long-term studies needed for transplanted human neurons to maturate, integrate and provide functional benefits in the host brain. Neonatal injections in rat pups using human fetal brain cells have been shown to desensitise the host to accept human tissue grafts as adults, whilst not compromising their immune system. Here, we show that differentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be used for desensitisation to achieve long-term graft survival of human stem cell-derived neurons in a xenograft setting, surpassing the time of conventional pharmacological immune-suppressive treatments. The use of hESCs for desensitisation opens up for a widespread use of the technique, which will be of great value when performing pre-clinical evaluation of stem cell-derived neurons in animal models. Neonatal desensitisation prevents graft rejection in a xenograft rat model. Successful neonatal desensitisation using hESC-derived progenitors Grafted human neurons survive beyond the time of conventional immune suppression. Multiple breaches of the BBB do not affect graft protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heuer
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Agnete Kirkeby
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Human Neural Development, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Pfisterer
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie E Jönsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Parmar
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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17
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Haus DL, López-Velázquez L, Gold EM, Cunningham KM, Perez H, Anderson AJ, Cummings BJ. Transplantation of human neural stem cells restores cognition in an immunodeficient rodent model of traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2016; 281:1-16. [PMID: 27079998 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in humans can result in permanent tissue damage and has been linked to cognitive impairment that lasts years beyond the initial insult. Clinically effective treatment strategies have yet to be developed. Transplantation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) has the potential to restore cognition lost due to injury, however, the vast majority of rodent TBI/hNSC studies to date have evaluated cognition only at early time points, typically <1month post-injury and cell transplantation. Additionally, human cell engraftment and long-term survival in rodent models of TBI has been difficult to achieve due to host immunorejection of the transplanted human cells, which confounds conclusions pertaining to transplant-mediated behavioral improvement. To overcome these shortfalls, we have developed a novel TBI xenotransplantation model that utilizes immunodeficient athymic nude (ATN) rats as the host recipient for the post-TBI transplantation of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derived NSCs and have evaluated cognition in these animals at long-term (≥2months) time points post-injury. We report that immunodeficient ATN rats demonstrate hippocampal-dependent spatial memory deficits (Novel Place, Morris Water Maze), but not non-spatial (Novel Object) or emotional/anxiety-related (Elevated Plus Maze, Conditioned Taste Aversion) deficits, at 2-3months post-TBI, confirming that ATN rats recapitulate some of the cognitive deficits found in immunosufficient animal strains. Approximately 9-25% of transplanted hNSCs survived for at least 5months post-transplantation and differentiated into mature neurons (NeuN, 18-38%), astrocytes (GFAP, 13-16%), and oligodendrocytes (Olig2, 11-13%). Furthermore, while this model of TBI (cortical impact) targets primarily cortex and the underlying hippocampus and generates a large lesion cavity, hNSC transplantation facilitated cognitive recovery without affecting either lesion volume or total spared cortical or hippocampal tissue volume. Instead, we have found an overall increase in host hippocampal neuron survival in hNSC transplanted animals and demonstrate that a correlation exists between hippocampal neuron survival and cognitive performance. Together, these findings support the use of immunodeficient rodents in models of TBI that involve the transplantation of human cells, and suggest that hNSC transplantation may be a viable, long-term therapy to restore cognition after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Haus
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine,CA 92697-1750, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine,CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Luci López-Velázquez
- UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine,CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Eric M Gold
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine,CA 92697-1750, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine,CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Kelly M Cunningham
- UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine,CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Harvey Perez
- UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine,CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Aileen J Anderson
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine,CA 92697-1750, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine,CA 92697-1750, USA; Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine,CA 92697-1750, USA; UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine,CA 92697-1750, USA
| | - Brian J Cummings
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine,CA 92697-1750, USA; Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine,CA 92697-1750, USA; Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine,CA 92697-1750, USA; UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine,CA 92697-1750, USA.
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18
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Carvajal HG, Suárez-Meade P, Borlongan CV. Amnion-derived stem cell transplantation: A novel treatment for neurological disorders. Brain Circ 2016; 2:1-7. [PMID: 30276271 PMCID: PMC6126246 DOI: 10.4103/2394-8108.178537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we evaluated the literature reporting the use of amniotic stem cells (ASCs) in regenerative medicine for the treatment of neurological disorders. There is an increasing amount of evidence that indicates the exacerbation of the primary injury by inflammation in neurological disorders characterized by rampant inflammation, thereby increasing damage to the central nervous system (CNS). To address this, we focus on the amnion cells' anti-inflammatory properties, which make their transplantation a promising treatment for these disorders. In addition, we offered insights into new applications of the ASC in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio G Carvajal
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Paola Suárez-Meade
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA
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19
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Elias M, Hoover J, Nguyen H, Reyes S, Lawton C, Borlongan CV. Stroke therapy: the potential of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2015; 10:321-326. [PMID: 26401122 DOI: 10.2217/fnl.15.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Elias
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jaclyn Hoover
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, FL 33612, USA
| | - Stephanny Reyes
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, FL 33612, USA
| | - Christopher Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, FL 33612, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, FL 33612, USA ; Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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20
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Bernau K, Lewis CM, Petelinsek AM, Reagan MS, Niles DJ, Mattis VB, Meyerand ME, Suzuki M, Svendsen CN. In Vivo Tracking of Human Neural Progenitor Cells in the Rat Brain Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Not Enhanced by Ferritin Expression. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:575-92. [PMID: 26160767 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid growth in the field of stem cell research has generated a lot of interest in their therapeutic use, especially in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), unique in their capability to differentiate into cells of the neural lineage, have been widely investigated due to their ability to survive, thrive, and migrate toward injured tissues. Still, one of the major roadblocks for clinical applicability arises from the inability to monitor these cells following transplantation. Molecular imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been explored to assess hNPC transplant location, migration, and survival. Here we investigated whether inducing hNPCs to overexpress ferritin (hNPCs(Fer)), an iron storage protein, is sufficient to track these cells long term in the rat striatum using MRI. We found that increased hypointensity on MRI images could establish hNPC(Fer) location. Unexpectedly, however, wild-type hNPC transplants were detected in a similar manner, which is likely due to increased iron accumulation following transplantation-induced damage. Hence, we labeled hNPCs with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles to further increase iron content in an attempt to enhance cell contrast in MRI. SPIO-labeling of hNPCs (hNPCs-SPIO) achieved increased hypointensity, with significantly greater area of decreased T2* compared to hNPC(Fer) (p < 0.0001) and all other controls used. However, none of the techniques could be used to determine graft rejection in vivo, which is imperative for understanding cell behavior following transplantation. We conclude that in order for cell survival to be monitored in preclinical and clinical settings, another molecular imaging technique must be employed, including perhaps multimodal imaging, which would utilize MRI along with another imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Bernau
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, WI, USA
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21
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Roberton VH, Rosser AE, Kelly CM. Neonatal desensitization for the study of regenerative medicine. Regen Med 2015; 10:265-74. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement is a therapeutic option for numerous diseases of the CNS. Current research has identified a number of potential human donor cell types, for which preclinical testing through xenotransplantation in animal models is imperative. Immune modulation is necessary to promote donor cell survival for sufficient time to assess safety and efficacy. Neonatal desensitization can promote survival of human donor cells in adult rat hosts with little impact on the health of the host and for substantially longer than conventional methods, and has subsequently been applied in a range of studies with variable outcomes. Reviewing these findings may provide insight into the method and its potential for use in preclinical studies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria H Roberton
- Brain Repair Group, Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Anne E Rosser
- Brain Repair Group, Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine & Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Claire M Kelly
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Western Avenue, Cardiff, CF5 2YB, UK
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22
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Sareen D, Gowing G, Sahabian A, Staggenborg K, Paradis R, Avalos P, Latter J, Ornelas L, Garcia L, Svendsen CN. Human induced pluripotent stem cells are a novel source of neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) that migrate and integrate in the rodent spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2707-28. [PMID: 24610630 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) into the brain or spinal cord to replace lost cells, modulate the injury environment, or create a permissive milieu to protect and regenerate host neurons is a promising therapeutic strategy for neurological diseases. Deriving NPCs from human fetal tissue is feasible, although problematic issues include limited sources and ethical concerns. Here we describe a new and abundant source of NPCs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). A novel chopping technique was used to transform adherent iPSCs into free-floating spheres that were easy to maintain and were expandable (EZ spheres) (Ebert et al. [2013] Stem Cell Res 10:417-427). These EZ spheres could be differentiated towards NPC spheres with a spinal cord phenotype using a combination of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) mitogens. Suspension cultures of NPCs derived from human iPSCs or fetal tissue have similar characteristics, although they were not similar when grown as adherent cells. In addition, iPSC-derived NPCs (iNPCs) survived grafting into the spinal cord of athymic nude rats with no signs of overgrowth and with a very similar profile to human fetal-derived NPCs (fNPCs). These results suggest that human iNPCs behave like fNPCs and could thus be a valuable alternative for cellular regenerative therapies of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Sareen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048
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