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Lanzillotta C, Baniowska MR, Prestia F, Sette C, Nalesso V, Perluigi M, Barone E, Duchon A, Tramutola A, Herault Y, Di Domenico F. Shaping down syndrome brain cognitive and molecular changes due to aging using adult animals from the Ts66Yah murine model. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 196:106523. [PMID: 38705491 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common condition with intellectual disability and is caused by trisomy of Homo sapiens chromosome 21 (HSA21). The increased dosage of genes on HSA21 is associated with early neurodevelopmental changes and subsequently at adult age with the development of Alzheimer-like cognitive decline. However, the molecular mechanisms promoting brain pathology along aging are still missing. The novel Ts66Yah model represents an evolution of the Ts65Dn, used in characterizing the progression of brain degeneration, and it manifest phenotypes closer to human DS condition. In this study we performed a longitudinal analysis (3-9 months) of adult Ts66Yah mice. Our data support the behavioural alterations occurring in Ts66Yah mice at older age with improvement in the detection of spatial memory defects and also a new anxiety-related phenotype. The evaluation of hippocampal molecular pathways in Ts66Yah mice, as effect of age, demonstrate the aberrant regulation of redox balance, proteostasis, stress response, metabolic pathways, programmed cell death and synaptic plasticity. Intriguingly, the genotype-driven changes observed in those pathways occur early promoting altered brain development and the onset of a condition of premature aging. In turn, aging may account for the subsequent hippocampal deterioration that fall in characteristic neuropathological features. Besides, the analysis of sex influence in the alteration of hippocampal mechanisms demonstrate only a mild effect. Overall, data collected in Ts66Yah provide novel and consolidated insights, concerning trisomy-driven processes that contribute to brain pathology in conjunction with aging. This, in turn, aids in bridging the existing gap in comprehending the intricate nature of DS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Monika Rataj Baniowska
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Francesca Prestia
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Sette
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valérie Nalesso
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Arnaud Duchon
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France.
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Victorino DB, Faber J, Pinheiro DJLL, Scorza FA, Almeida ACG, Costa ACS, Scorza CA. Toward the Identification of Neurophysiological Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome: A Potential Role for Cross-Frequency Phase-Amplitude Coupling Analysis. Aging Dis 2023; 14:428-449. [PMID: 37008053 PMCID: PMC10017148 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) mechanisms play a central role in brain activity. Pathophysiological mechanisms leading to many brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), may produce unique patterns of brain activity detectable by electroencephalography (EEG). Identifying biomarkers for AD diagnosis is also an ambition among research teams working in Down syndrome (DS), given the increased susceptibility of people with DS to develop early-onset AD (DS-AD). Here, we review accumulating evidence that altered theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) may be one of the earliest EEG signatures of AD, and therefore may serve as an adjuvant tool for detecting cognitive decline in DS-AD. We suggest that this field of research could potentially provide clues to the biophysical mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in DS-AD and generate opportunities for identifying EEG-based biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic utility in DS-AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella B Victorino
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo / Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jean Faber
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo / Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniel J. L. L Pinheiro
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo / Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fulvio A Scorza
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo / Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Antônio C. G Almeida
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Federal University of São João Del Rei, Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | - Alberto C. S Costa
- Division of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo / Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Lia A, Sansevero G, Chiavegato A, Sbrissa M, Pendin D, Mariotti L, Pozzan T, Berardi N, Carmignoto G, Fasolato C, Zonta M. Rescue of astrocyte activity by the calcium sensor STIM1 restores long-term synaptic plasticity in female mice modelling Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1590. [PMID: 36949142 PMCID: PMC10033875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium dynamics in astrocytes represent a fundamental signal that through gliotransmitter release regulates synaptic plasticity and behaviour. Here we present a longitudinal study in the PS2APP mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) linking astrocyte Ca2+ hypoactivity to memory loss. At the onset of plaque deposition, somatosensory cortical astrocytes of AD female mice exhibit a drastic reduction of Ca2+ signaling, closely associated with decreased endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ concentration and reduced expression of the Ca2+ sensor STIM1. In parallel, astrocyte-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity declines in the somatosensory circuitry, anticipating specific tactile memory loss. Notably, we show that both astrocyte Ca2+ signaling and long-term synaptic plasticity are fully recovered by selective STIM1 overexpression in astrocytes. Our data unveil astrocyte Ca2+ hypoactivity in neocortical astrocytes as a functional hallmark of early AD stages and indicate astrocytic STIM1 as a target to rescue memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Lia
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sansevero
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Chiavegato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Miriana Sbrissa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Diana Pendin
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Letizia Mariotti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Berardi
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carmignoto
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Cristina Fasolato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Micaela Zonta
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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Farrell C, Mumford P, Wiseman FK. Rodent Modeling of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome: In vivo and ex vivo Approaches. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:909669. [PMID: 35747206 PMCID: PMC9209729 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.909669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There are an estimated 6 million people with Down syndrome (DS) worldwide. In developed countries, the vast majority of these individuals will develop Alzheimer's disease neuropathology characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles within the brain, which leads to the early onset of dementia (AD-DS) and reduced life-expectancy. The mean age of onset of clinical dementia is ~55 years and by the age of 80, approaching 100% of individuals with DS will have a dementia diagnosis. DS is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21) thus an additional copy of a gene(s) on the chromosome must cause the development of AD neuropathology and dementia. Indeed, triplication of the gene APP which encodes the amyloid precursor protein is sufficient and necessary for early onset AD (EOAD), both in people who have and do not have DS. However, triplication of other genes on Hsa21 leads to profound differences in neurodevelopment resulting in intellectual disability, elevated incidence of epilepsy and perturbations to the immune system. This different biology may impact on how AD neuropathology and dementia develops in people who have DS. Indeed, genes on Hsa21 other than APP when in three-copies can modulate AD-pathogenesis in mouse preclinical models. Understanding this biology better is critical to inform drug selection for AD prevention and therapy trials for people who have DS. Here we will review rodent preclinical models of AD-DS and how these can be used for both in vivo and ex vivo (cultured cells and organotypic slice cultures) studies to understand the mechanisms that contribute to the early development of AD in people who have DS and test the utility of treatments to prevent or delay the development of disease.
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Tallino S, Winslow W, Bartholomew SK, Velazquez R. Temporal and brain region-specific elevations of soluble Amyloid-β 40-42 in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13590. [PMID: 35290711 PMCID: PMC9009111 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a leading cause of intellectual disability that also results in hallmark Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies such as amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau. The Ts65Dn mouse model is commonly used to study DS, as trisomic Ts65Dn mice carry 2/3 of the triplicated gene homologues as occur in human DS. The Ts65Dn strain also allows investigation of mechanisms common to DS and AD pathology, with many of these triplicated genes implicated in AD; for example, trisomic Ts65Dn mice overproduce amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is then processed into soluble Aβ40-42 fragments. Notably, Ts65Dn mice show alterations to the basal forebrain, which parallels the loss of function in this region observed in DS and AD patients early on in disease progression. However, a complete picture of soluble Aβ40-42 accumulation in a region-, age-, and sex-specific manner has not yet been characterized in the Ts65Dn model. Here, we show that trisomic mice accumulate soluble Aβ40-42 in the basal forebrain, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum in an age-specific manner, with elevation in the frontal cortex and hippocampus as early as 4 months of age. Furthermore, we detected sex differences in accumulation of Aβ40-42 within the basal forebrain, with females having significantly higher Aβ40-42 at 7-8 months of age. Lastly, we show that APP expression in the basal forebrain and hippocampus inversely correlates with Aβ40-42 levels. This spatial and temporal characterization of soluble Aβ40-42 in the Ts65Dn model allows for further exploration of the role soluble Aβ plays in the progression of other AD-like pathologies in these key brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Tallino
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Wendy Winslow
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Samantha K. Bartholomew
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Ramon Velazquez
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium Phoenix Arizona USA
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Atas-Ozcan H, Brault V, Duchon A, Herault Y. Dyrk1a from Gene Function in Development and Physiology to Dosage Correction across Life Span in Down Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1833. [PMID: 34828439 PMCID: PMC8624927 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is the main cause of intellectual disabilities with a large set of comorbidities from developmental origins but also that appeared across life span. Investigation of the genetic overdosage found in Down syndrome, due to the trisomy of human chromosome 21, has pointed to one main driver gene, the Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1a). Dyrk1a is a murine homolog of the drosophila minibrain gene. It has been found to be involved in many biological processes during development and in adulthood. Further analysis showed its haploinsufficiency in mental retardation disease 7 and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease. DYRK1A plays a role in major developmental steps of brain development, controlling the proliferation of neural progenitors, the migration of neurons, their dendritogenesis and the function of the synapse. Several strategies targeting the overdosage of DYRK1A in DS with specific kinase inhibitors have showed promising evidence that DS cognitive conditions can be alleviated. Nevertheless, providing conditions for proper temporal treatment and to tackle the neurodevelopmental and the neurodegenerative aspects of DS across life span is still an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Atas-Ozcan
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Véronique Brault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Arnaud Duchon
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Celphedia, Phenomin-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
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7
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Scabia G, Testa G, Scali M, Del Turco S, Desiato G, Berardi N, Sale A, Matteoli M, Maffei L, Maffei M, Mainardi M. Reduced ccl11/eotaxin mediates the beneficial effects of environmental stimulation on the aged hippocampus. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:234-244. [PMID: 34418501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A deterioration in cognitive performance accompanies brain aging, even in the absence of neurodegenerative pathologies. However, the rate of cognitive decline can be slowed down by enhanced cognitive and sensorimotor stimulation protocols, such as environmental enrichment (EE). Understanding how EE exerts its beneficial effects on the aged brain pathophysiology can help in identifying new therapeutic targets. In this regard, the inflammatory chemokine ccl11/eotaxin-1 is a marker of aging with a strong relevance for neurodegenerative processes. Here, we demonstrate that EE in both elderly humans and aged mice decreases circulating levels of ccl11. Interfering, in mice, with the ccl11 decrease induced by EE ablated the beneficial effects on long-term memory retention, hippocampal neurogenesis, activation of local microglia and of ribosomal protein S6. On the other hand, treatment of standard-reared aged mice with an anti-ccl11 antibody resulted in EE-like improvements in spatial memory, hippocampal neurogenesis, and microglial activation. Taken together, our findings point to a decrease in circulating ccl11 concentration as a key mediator of the enhanced hippocampal function resulting from exposure to EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Scabia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Pisa, Italy; Obesity and Lipodystrophies Center at Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Testa
- Laboratory of Biology "Bio@SNS", Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Scali
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Del Turco
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Genni Desiato
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Berardi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sale
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lamberto Maffei
- Laboratory of Biology "Bio@SNS", Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Pisa, Italy; Obesity and Lipodystrophies Center at Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marco Mainardi
- Laboratory of Biology "Bio@SNS", Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa, Italy.
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8
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Zhang X, Shi X, Wang J, Xu Z, He J. Enriched environment remedies cognitive dysfunctions and synaptic plasticity through NMDAR-Ca 2+-Activin A circuit in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20748-20761. [PMID: 34462377 PMCID: PMC8436900 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) is one of the critical factors in the occurrence and development of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Apoptosis of nerve cells and changes in synaptic activity after CCI are the key factors to induce VCI. Synaptic stimulation up-regulates intraneuronal Ca2+ level through N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) via induction of the activity-regulated inhibitor of death (AID) expression to produce active-dependent neuroprotection. Moreover, the regulation of synaptic plasticity could improve cognition and learning ability. Activin A (ActA), an exocrine protein of AID, can promote NMDAR phosphorylation and participate in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. We previously found that exogenous ActA can improve the cognitive function of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia and enhance the oxygenated glucose deprivation of intracellular Ca2+ level. In addition to NMDAR, the Wnt pathway is critical in the positive regulation of LTP through activation or inhibition. It plays an essential role in synaptic transmission and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. The enriched environment can increase ActA expression during CCI injury. We speculated that the NMDAR-Ca2+-ActA signal pathway has a loop-acting mode, and the environmental enrichment could improve chronic cerebral ischemia cognitive impairment via NMDAR-Ca2+-ActA, Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in this process. For the hypothesis verification, this study intends to establish chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) rat model, explore the improvement effect of enriched environment on VCI, detect the changes in plasticity of synaptic morphology and investigate the regulatory mechanism NMDAR-Ca2+-ActA-Wnt/β-catenin signaling loop, providing a therapeutic method for the treatment of CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaoqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongxin Xu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinting He
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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9
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Henrique AM, Gianetti NG, Ferrari MFR. Parkin is downregulated among autophagy-related proteins prior to hyperphosphorylation of Tau in TS65DN mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 561:59-64. [PMID: 34015759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a pathway through which cells execute a plethora of functions, such as macromolecules and organelles quality control, recycling of building blocks and apoptosis. Numerous studies have shown in the past that autophagy is an important mechanism associated with the pathology of various neurodegenerative diseases, whose impairment may lead to several disease-characteristic phenotypes (e.g. misfolded protein and defective organelles accumulation). With this in mind, we aimed to investigate whether alterations in expression of autophagy-related proteins would show before hyperphosphorylation of Tau, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). After analyzing 7 different proteins, we observed that, while Pink1 and p62 show an age-related reduction in the Ts65Dn mice respectively in the locus coeruleus and hippocampus, Parkin shows an age-genotype interaction-associated reduction in both brain areas. This suggests potential outcomes in pathways associated with Parkin that could relate to later stages of the disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Henrique
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nathália G Gianetti
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Merari F R Ferrari
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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10
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Zuliani I, Lanzillotta C, Tramutola A, Francioso A, Pagnotta S, Barone E, Perluigi M, Di Domenico F. The Dysregulation of OGT/OGA Cycle Mediates Tau and APP Neuropathology in Down Syndrome. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:340-363. [PMID: 33258073 PMCID: PMC8116370 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a nutrient-related post-translational modification that, since its discovery some 30 years ago, has been associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. As reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD), flaws in the cerebral glucose uptake translate into reduced hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux and subsequently lead to aberrant protein O-GlcNAcylation. Notably, the reduction of O-GlcNAcylated proteins involves also tau and APP, thus promoting their aberrant phosphorylation in AD brain and the onset of AD pathological markers. Down syndrome (DS) individuals are characterized by the early development of AD by the age of 60 and, although the two conditions present the same pathological hallmarks and share the alteration of many molecular mechanisms driving brain degeneration, no evidence has been sought on the implication of O-GlcNAcylation in DS pathology. Our study aimed to unravel for the first time the role of protein O-GlcNacylation in DS brain alterations positing the attention of potential trisomy-related mechanisms triggering the aberrant regulation of OGT/OGA cycle. We demonstrate the disruption of O-GlcNAcylation homeostasis, as an effect of altered OGT and OGA regulatory mechanism, and confirm the relevance of O-GlcNAcylation in the appearance of AD hallmarks in the brain of a murine model of DS. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the neuroprotective effects of brain-targeted OGA inhibition. Indeed, the rescue of OGA activity was able to restore protein O-GlcNAcylation, and reduce AD-related hallmarks and decreased protein nitration, possibly as effect of induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Zuliani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pagnotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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11
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Roper RJ, Goodlett CR, Martínez de Lagrán M, Dierssen M. Behavioral Phenotyping for Down Syndrome in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 10:e79. [PMID: 32780566 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability, characterized by alterations in different behavioral symptom domains: neurodevelopment, motor behavior, and cognition. As mouse models have the potential to generate data regarding the neurological basis for the specific behavioral profile of DS, and may indicate pharmacological treatments with the potential to affect their behavioral phenotype, it is important to be able to assess disease-relevant behavioral traits in animal models in order to provide biological plausibility to the potential findings. The field is at a juncture that requires assessments that may effectively translate the findings acquired in mouse models to humans with DS. In this article, behavioral tests are described that are relevant to the domains affected in DS. A neurodevelopmental behavioral screen, the balance beam test, and the Multivariate Concentric Square Field test to assess multiple behavioral phenotypes and locomotion are described, discussing the ways to merge these findings to more fully understand cognitive strengths and weaknesses in this population. New directions for approaches to cognitive assessment in mice and humans are discussed. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preweaning neurodevelopmental battery Basic Protocol 2: Balance beam Basic Protocol 3: Multivariate concentric square field test (MCSF).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Martínez de Lagrán
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Voluntary Physical Exercise Reduces Motor Dysfunction and Hampers Tumor Cell Proliferation in a Mouse Model of Glioma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165667. [PMID: 32764487 PMCID: PMC7460183 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Currently, high-grade gliomas are the most difficult brain cancers to treat and all the approved experimental treatments do not offer long-term benefits regarding symptom improvement. Epidemiological studies indicate that exercise decreases the risk of brain cancer mortality, but a direct relationship between physical exercise and glioma progression has not been established so far. Here, we exploited a mouse model of high-grade glioma to directly test the impact of voluntary physical exercise on the tumor proliferation and motor capabilities of affected animals. We report that exposing symptomatic, glioma-bearing mice to running wheels (i) reduced the proliferation rate of tumors implanted in the motor cortex and (ii) delayed glioma-induced motor dysfunction. Thus, voluntary physical exercise might represent a supportive intervention that complements existing neuro-oncologic therapies, contributing to the preservation of functional motor ability and counteracting the detrimental effects of glioma on behavioral output.
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13
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Morè L, Lauterborn JC, Papaleo F, Brambilla R. Enhancing cognition through pharmacological and environmental interventions: Examples from preclinical models of neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 110:28-45. [PMID: 30981451 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this review we discuss the role of environmental and pharmacological treatments to enhance cognition with special regards to neurodevelopmental related disorders and aging. How the environment influences brain structure and function, and the interactions between rearing conditions and gene expression, are fundamental questions that are still poorly understood. We propose a model that can explain some of the discrepancies in findings for effects of environmental enrichment on outcome measures. Evidence of a direct causal correlation of nootropics and treatments that enhanced cognition also will be presented, and possible molecular mechanisms that include neurotrophin signaling and downstream pathways underlying these processes are discussed. Finally we review recent findings achieved with a wide set of behavioral and cognitive tasks that have translational validity to humans, and should be useful for future work on devising appropriate therapies. As will be discussed, the collective findings suggest that a combinational therapeutic approach of environmental enrichment and nootropics could be particularly successful for improving learning and memory in both developmental disorders and normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Morè
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, PR1 2XT, Preston, UK.
| | - Julie C Lauterborn
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, UK.
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14
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Martínez Cué C, Dierssen M. Plasticity as a therapeutic target for improving cognition and behavior in Down syndrome. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 251:269-302. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Cannavo C, Tosh J, Fisher EMC, Wiseman FK. Using mouse models to understand Alzheimer's disease mechanisms in the context of trisomy of chromosome 21. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 251:181-208. [PMID: 32057307 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
People who have Down syndrome are at significantly elevated risk of developing early onset Alzheimer's disease that causes dementia (AD-DS). Here we review recent progress in modeling the development of AD-DS in mouse models. These studies provide insight into mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease and generate new clinical research questions. In addition, they suggest potential new targets for disease prevention therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cannavo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute at University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Tosh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances K Wiseman
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute at University College, London, United Kingdom.
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16
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Hamlett ED, Ledreux A, Gilmore A, Vazey EM, Aston-Jones G, Boger HA, Paredes D, Granholm ACE. Inhibitory designer receptors aggravate memory loss in a mouse model of down syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104616. [PMID: 31678403 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pontine nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) is the primary source of noradrenergic (NE) projections to the brain and is important for working memory, attention, and cognitive flexibility. Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) with high penetrance and often exhibit working memory deficits coupled with degeneration of LC-NE neurons early in the progression of AD pathology. Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) are chemogenetic tools that allow targeted manipulation of discrete neuronal populations in the brain without the confounds of off-target effects. We utilized male Ts65Dn mice (a mouse model for DS), and male normosomic (NS) controls to examine the effects of inhibitory DREADDs delivered via an AAV vector under translational control of the synthetic PRSx8, dopamine β hydroxylase (DβH) promoter. This chemogenetic tool allowed LC inhibition upon administration of the inert DREADD ligand, clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). DREADD-mediated LC inhibition impaired performance in a novel object recognition task and reversal learning in a spatial task. DREADD-mediated LC inhibition gave rise to an elevation of α-adrenoreceptors both in NS and in Ts65Dn mice. Further, microglial markers showed that the inhibitory DREADD stimulation led to increased microglial activation in the hippocampus in Ts65Dn but not in NS mice. These findings strongly suggest that LC signaling is important for intact memory and learning in Ts65Dn mice and disruption of these neurons leads to increased inflammation and dysregulation of adrenergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Hamlett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Aurélie Ledreux
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Anah Gilmore
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Elena M Vazey
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Gary Aston-Jones
- Rutgers Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Heather A Boger
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Daniel Paredes
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
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17
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From Basic Visual Science to Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Voyage of Environmental Enrichment-Like Stimulation. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:5653180. [PMID: 31198418 PMCID: PMC6526521 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5653180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes and environmental stimuli cooperate in the regulation of brain development and formation of the adult neuronal architecture. Genetic alterations or exposure to perturbing environmental conditions, therefore, can lead to altered neural processes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and brain disabilities. In this context, environmental enrichment emerged as a promising and noninvasive experimental treatment for favoring recovery of cognitive and sensory functions in different neurodevelopmental disorders. The aim of this review is to depict, mainly through the much explicative examples of amblyopia, Down syndrome, and Rett syndrome, the increasing interest in the potentialities and applications of enriched environment-like protocols in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders and the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of these protocols, which might lead to development of pharmacological interventions.
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18
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McMurphy T, Huang W, Queen NJ, Ali S, Widstrom KJ, Liu X, Xiao R, Siu JJ, Cao L. Implementation of environmental enrichment after middle age promotes healthy aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:1698-1721. [PMID: 30036185 PMCID: PMC6075449 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With increases in life expectancy, it is vital to understand the dynamics of aging, their interaction with lifestyle factors, and the connections to age-related disease processes. Our work on environmental enrichment (EE), a housing environment boosting mental health, has revealed a novel anticancer and anti-obesity phenotype mediated by a brain-fat axis: the hypothalamic-sympathoneural-adipocyte (HSA) axis in young animals. Here we investigated EE effects on healthspan and lifespan when initiated after middle age. Short-term EE for six weeks activated the HSA axis in 10-month-old mice. Long-term EE for twelve months reduced adiposity, improved glucose tolerance, decreased leptin levels, enhanced motor abilities, and inhibited anxiety. In addition to adipose remodeling, EE decreased age-related liver steatosis, reduced hepatic glucose production, and increased glucose uptake by liver and adipose tissue contributing to the improved glycemic control. The EE-induced liver modulation was associated with a suppression of protein kinase Cε. Moreover, EE down-regulated the expression of inflammatory genes in the brain, adipose, and liver. EE initiated at 18-month of age significantly improved glycemic control and showed a trend of positive impact on mean lifespan. These data suggest that EE induces metabolic and behavioral adaptations that are shared by factors known to increase healthspan and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis McMurphy
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Nicholas J. Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Seemaab Ali
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kyle J. Widstrom
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xianglan Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Run Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jason J. Siu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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19
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Herault Y, Delabar JM, Fisher EMC, Tybulewicz VLJ, Yu E, Brault V. Rodent models in Down syndrome research: impact and future opportunities. Dis Model Mech 2018; 10:1165-1186. [PMID: 28993310 PMCID: PMC5665454 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. To date, a multiplicity of mouse models with Down-syndrome-related features has been developed to understand this complex human chromosomal disorder. These mouse models have been important for determining genotype-phenotype relationships and identification of dosage-sensitive genes involved in the pathophysiology of the condition, and in exploring the impact of the additional chromosome on the whole genome. Mouse models of Down syndrome have also been used to test therapeutic strategies. Here, we provide an overview of research in the last 15 years dedicated to the development and application of rodent models for Down syndrome. We also speculate on possible and probable future directions of research in this fast-moving field. As our understanding of the syndrome improves and genome engineering technologies evolve, it is necessary to coordinate efforts to make all Down syndrome models available to the community, to test therapeutics in models that replicate the whole trisomy and design new animal models to promote further discovery of potential therapeutic targets. Summary: Mouse models have boosted therapeutic options for Down syndrome, and improved models are being developed to better understand the pathophysiology of this genetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.,T21 Research Society, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), 75013 Paris
| | - Jean M Delabar
- T21 Research Society, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), 75013 Paris.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR8251, CNRS, 75205 Paris, France.,INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France.,Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225, INSERM UMRS 975, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- T21 Research Society, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), 75013 Paris.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,LonDownS Consortium, London, W1T 7NF UK
| | - Victor L J Tybulewicz
- T21 Research Society, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), 75013 Paris.,LonDownS Consortium, London, W1T 7NF UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eugene Yu
- T21 Research Society, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), 75013 Paris.,The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Department of Cancer Genetics and Genetics Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Division of Graduate School, Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Veronique Brault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
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20
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Powers BE, Santiago NA, Strupp BJ. Rapid forgetting of social learning in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome: New evidence for hippocampal dysfunction. Behav Neurosci 2018; 132:51-56. [PMID: 29553775 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome recapitulates the hallmark areas of dysfunction that characterize the human disorder, including impaired performance in tasks designed to tap hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Unfortunately, performance in the water maze tasks most commonly used for this purpose can be affected by behavioral and/or physiological abnormalities characteristic of Ts65Dn mice (e.g., thigmotaxis, susceptibility to hypothermia, stress reactivity), which complicates interpretation of impaired performance. The current study assessed hippocampal function in Ts65Dn mice using the social transmission of food preference (STFP) paradigm, which does not entail water escape or aversive reinforcement, and thus avoids these interpretive confounds. We tested Ts65Dn mice and disomic controls on this task using 1- and 7-day retention intervals. The Ts65Dn mice exhibited normal learning and memory following the 1-day retention interval, but rapid forgetting of the socially acquired information, evidenced by impaired performance following the 7-day retention interval. The STFP paradigm can be a valuable tool for studies using the Ts65Dn mouse model to evaluate potential therapies that may ameliorate hippocampal dysfunction and aging-related cognitive decline in Down syndrome. (PsycINFO Database Record
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21
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Head E, Helman AM, Powell D, Schmitt FA. Down syndrome, beta-amyloid and neuroimaging. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 114:102-109. [PMID: 28935420 PMCID: PMC5748259 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of Aβ in AD pathogenesis in Down syndrome and current approaches for imaging Aβ in vivo. We will describe how Aβ deposits with age, the posttranslational modifications that can occur, and detection in biofluids. Three unique case studies describing partial trisomy 21 cases without APP triplication, and the occurrences of low level mosaic trisomy 21 in an early onset AD patient are presented. Brain imaging for Aβ includes those by positron emission tomography and ligands (Pittsburgh Compound B, Florbetapir, and FDDNP) that bind Aβ have been published and are summarized here. In combination, we have learned a great deal about Aβ in DS in terms of characterizing age of onset of this pathology and it is exciting to note that there is a clinical trial in DS targeting Aβ that may lead to clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Head
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, 800 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Alex M Helman
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, 800 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; University of Kentucky, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; University of Kentucky, Department of Neurology, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - David Powell
- University of Kentucky, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, 800 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; University of Kentucky, Department of Neurology, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
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22
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Illouz T, Madar R, Griffioen K, Okun E. A protocol for quantitative analysis of murine and human amyloid-β1-40 and 1-42. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 291:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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García-Cerro S, Rueda N, Vidal V, Lantigua S, Martínez-Cué C. Normalizing the gene dosage of Dyrk1A in a mouse model of Down syndrome rescues several Alzheimer's disease phenotypes. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 106:76-88. [PMID: 28647555 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intellectual disability that characterizes Down syndrome (DS) is primarily caused by prenatal changes in central nervous system growth and differentiation. However, in later life stages, the cognitive abilities of DS individuals progressively decline due to accelerated aging and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. The AD neuropathology in DS has been related to the overexpression of several genes encoded by Hsa21 including DYRK1A (dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A), which encodes a protein kinase that performs crucial functions in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways that contribute to normal brain development and adult brain physiology. Studies performed in vitro and in vivo in animal models overexpressing this gene have demonstrated that the DYRK1A gene also plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative processes found in DS. The Ts65Dn (TS) mouse bears a partial triplication of several Hsa21 orthologous genes, including Dyrk1A, and replicates many DS-like abnormalities, including age-dependent cognitive decline, cholinergic neuron degeneration, increased levels of APP and Aβ, and tau hyperphosphorylation. To use a more direct approach to evaluate the role of the gene dosage of Dyrk1A on the neurodegenerative profile of this model, TS mice were crossed with Dyrk1A KO mice to obtain mice with a triplication of a segment of Mmu16 that includes this gene, mice that are trisomic for the same genes but only carry two copies of Dyrk1A, euploid mice with a normal Dyrk1A dosage, and CO animals with a single copy of Dyrk1A. Normalizing the gene dosage of Dyrk1A in the TS mouse rescued the density of senescent cells in the cingulate cortex, hippocampus and septum, prevented cholinergic neuron degeneration, and reduced App expression in the hippocampus, Aβ load in the cortex and hippocampus, the expression of phosphorylated tau at the Ser202 residue in the hippocampus and cerebellum and the levels of total tau in the cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Thus, the present study provides further support for the role of the Dyrk1A gene in several AD-like phenotypes found in TS mice and indicates that this gene could be a therapeutic target to treat AD in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana García-Cerro
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Pharmacology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Verónica Vidal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Sara Lantigua
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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24
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Shields N, Plant S, Warren C, Wollersheim D, Peiris C. Do adults with Down syndrome do the same amount of physical activity as adults without disability? A proof of principle study. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2017; 31:459-465. [PMID: 28960662 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compared levels of physical activity completed by adults with and without Down syndrome. METHOD Fifteen adults with and 15 adults without Down syndrome matched for age and gender, took part. The intensity and duration of physical activity were measured using RT3 accelerometers worn for seven days. RESULTS Only, 12 participants with Down syndrome had complete physical activity data, and these participants and their matched controls (total: six females, 18 males; aged 25.8 ± 9.7) were included in the analyses. There were significantly lower levels of moderate and vigorous physical activity per day for people with Down syndrome (median = 27 min) compared to those without (median = 101 min) (p < .001). Participants without disability were twice more likely to achieve recommended levels of physical activity than people with Down syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Adults with Down syndrome appear to participate in lower levels of physical activity than adults without Down syndrome. Further research should validate these estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Shields
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - Samantha Plant
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - Catherine Warren
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - Dennis Wollersheim
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - Casey Peiris
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
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25
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Sansevero G, Sale A. Environment as therapy: neuroscience for intellectual disability and dementia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:5682-5683. [PMID: 28086230 PMCID: PMC5351579 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Sale
- Neuroscience Institute of CNR, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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