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Lanzillotta C, Baniowska MR, Prestia F, Sette C, Nalesso V, Perluigi M, Barone E, Duchon A, Tramutola A, Herault Y, Di Domenico F. Shaping down syndrome brain cognitive and molecular changes due to aging using adult animals from the Ts66Yah murine model. Neurobiol Dis 2024:106523. [PMID: 38705491 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common condition with intellectual disability and is caused by trisomy of Homo sapiens chromosome 21 (HSA21). The increased dosage of genes on HSA21 is associated with early neurodevelopmental changes and subsequently at adult age with the development of Alzheimer-like cognitive decline. However, the molecular mechanisms promoting brain pathology along aging are still missing. The novel Ts66Yah model represents an evolution of the Ts65Dn, used in characterizing the progression of brain degeneration, and it manifest phenotypes closer to human DS condition. In this study we performed a longitudinal analysis (3-9 months) of adult Ts66Yah mice. Our data support the behavioural alterations occurring in Ts66Yah mice at older age with improvement in the detection of spatial memory defects and also a new anxiety-related phenotype. The evaluation of hippocampal molecular pathways in Ts66Yah mice, as effect of age, demonstrate the aberrant regulation of redox balance, proteostasis, stress response, metabolic pathways, programmed cell death and synaptic plasticity. Intriguingly, the genotype-driven changes observed in those pathways occur early promoting altered brain development and the onset of a condition of premature aging. In turn, aging may account for the subsequent hippocampal deterioration that fall in characteristic neuropathological features. Besides, the analysis of sex influence in the alteration of hippocampal mechanisms demonstrate only a mild effect. Overall, data collected in Ts66Yah provide novel and consolidated insights, concerning trisomy-driven processes that contribute to brain pathology in conjunction with aging. This, in turn, aids in bridging the existing gap in comprehending the intricate nature of DS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Monika Rataj Baniowska
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Francesca Prestia
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Sette
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valérie Nalesso
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Arnaud Duchon
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France.
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Ripoli C, Dagliyan O, Renna P, Pastore F, Paciello F, Sollazzo R, Rinaudo M, Battistoni M, Martini S, Tramutola A, Sattin A, Barone E, Saneyoshi T, Fellin T, Hayashi Y, Grassi C. Engineering memory with an extrinsically disordered kinase. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh1110. [PMID: 37967196 PMCID: PMC10651130 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity plays a crucial role in memory formation by regulating the communication between neurons. Although actin polymerization has been linked to synaptic plasticity and dendritic spine stability, the causal link between actin polymerization and memory encoding has not been identified yet. It is not clear whether actin polymerization and structural changes in dendritic spines are a driver or a consequence of learning and memory. Using an extrinsically disordered form of the protein kinase LIMK1, which rapidly and precisely acts on ADF/cofilin, a direct modifier of actin, we induced long-term enlargement of dendritic spines and enhancement of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus on command. The activation of extrinsically disordered LIMK1 in vivo improved memory encoding and slowed cognitive decline in aged mice exhibiting reduced cofilin phosphorylation. The engineered memory by an extrinsically disordered LIMK1 supports a direct causal link between actin-mediated synaptic transmission and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Ripoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Onur Dagliyan
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pietro Renna
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pastore
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paciello
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Raimondo Sollazzo
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rinaudo
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Battistoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Martini
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sattin
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Takeo Saneyoshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tommaso Fellin
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Yasunori Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Tramutola A, Bakels HS, Perrone F, Di Nottia M, Mazza T, Abruzzese MP, Zoccola M, Pagnotta S, Carrozzo R, de Bot ST, Perluigi M, van Roon-Mom WMC, Squitieri F. GLUT-1 changes in paediatric Huntington disease brain cortex and fibroblasts: an observational case-control study. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104849. [PMID: 37898095 PMCID: PMC10630613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric Huntington disease with highly expanded mutations (HE-PHD; >80 CAG repeats) presents atypically, compared to adult-onset Huntington disease (AOHD), with neurodevelopmental delay, epilepsy, abnormal brain glucose metabolism, early striatal damage, and reduced lifespan. Since genetic GLUT-1 deficiency syndrome shows a symptom spectrum similar to HE-PHD, we investigated the potential role of the two main glucose transporters, GLUT-1 and GLUT-3, in HE-PHD. METHODS We compared GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 protein expression in HE-PHD, juvenile-onset (JOHD), and AOHD brains (n = 2; n = 3; n = 6) and periphery (n = 3; n = 2; n = 2) versus healthy adult controls (n = 6; n = 6). We also investigated mitochondrial complexes and hexokinase-II protein expression. FINDINGS GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 expression were significantly lower in HE-PHD frontal cortex (p = 0.009, 95% [CI 13.4, 14.7]; p = 0.017, 95% [CI 14.2, 14.5]) versus controls. In fibroblasts, GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 expression were lower compared to controls (p < 0.0001, 95% [CI 0.91, 1.09]; p = 0.046, 95% [CI 0.93, 1.07]). In the frontal cortex, this occurred without evidence of extensive neuronal degeneration. Patients with HE-PHD had deregulated mitochondrial complex expression, particularly complexes II-III, levels of which were lower in frontal cortex versus controls (p = 0.027, 95% [CI 17.1, 17.6]; p = 0.002, 95% CI [16.6, 16.9]) and patients with AOHD (p = 0.052, 95% [CI 17.0, 17.6]; p = 0.002, 95% [CI 16.6, 16.7]). Hexokinase-II expression was also lower in HE-PHD frontal cortex and striatum versus controls (p = 0.010, 95% [CI 17.8, 18.2]; p = 0.045, 95% [CI 18.6, 18.7]) and in frontal cortex versus patients with AOHD (p = 0.013, 95% [CI 17.7, 18.1]). Expression JOHD levels were consistently different to those of HE-PHD but similar to those of AOHD. INTERPRETATION Our data suggest a dysfunctional hypometabolic state occurring specifically in paediatric Huntington disease brains. FUNDING '5 × 1000' Personal Income Tax donation to LIRH Foundation; Italian Ministry of HealthRC2301MH04 and RF-2016-02364123 to CSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Hannah S Bakels
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, ZA Leiden 2311, the Netherlands
| | - Federica Perrone
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (CSS) Research Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Michela Di Nottia
- Unit of Cellular Biology and Mitochondrial Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesú Children's Hospital, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (CSS) Research Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Abruzzese
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (CSS) Research Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Martina Zoccola
- Unit of Cellular Biology and Mitochondrial Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesú Children's Hospital, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Sara Pagnotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Unit of Cellular Biology and Mitochondrial Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesú Children's Hospital, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Susanne T de Bot
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, ZA Leiden 2311, the Netherlands
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Squitieri
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (CSS) Research Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy; Centre for Rare Neurological Diseases (CMRN), Italian League for Research on Huntington (LIRH) Foundation, Viale di Villa Massimo 4, Rome 00161, Italy.
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Cimini FA, Tramutola A, Barchetta I, Ceccarelli V, Gangitano E, Lanzillotta S, Lanzillotta C, Cavallo MG, Barone E. Dynamic Changes of BVRA Protein Levels Occur in Response to Insulin: A Pilot Study in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087282. [PMID: 37108445 PMCID: PMC10138944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliverdin reductase-A (BVRA) is involved in the regulation of insulin signaling and the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Previous research showed that BVRA alterations are associated with the aberrant activation of insulin signaling in dysmetabolic conditions. However, whether BVRA protein levels change dynamically within the cells in response to insulin and/or glucose remains an open question. To this aim, we evaluated changes of intracellular BVRA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in a group of subjects with different levels of insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, we looked for significant correlations with clinical measures. Our data show that BVRA levels change dynamically during the OGTT in response to insulin, and greater BVRA variations occur in those subjects with lower insulin sensitivity. Changes of BVRA significantly correlate with indexes of increased insulin resistance and insulin secretion (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and insulinogenic index). At the multivariate regression analysis, the insulinogenic index independently predicted increased BVRA area under curve (AUC) during the OGTT. This pilot study showed, for the first time, that intracellular BVRA protein levels change in response to insulin during OGTT and are greater in subjects with lower insulin sensitivity, supporting the role of BVR-A in the dynamic regulation of the insulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Agata Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Gangitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Pagnotta S, Tramutola A, Barone E, Di Domenico F, Pittalà V, Salerno L, Folgiero V, Caforio M, Locatelli F, Petrini S, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M. CAPE and its synthetic derivative VP961 restore BACH1/NRF2 axis in Down Syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 183:1-13. [PMID: 35283228 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cells possess several mechanisms to counteract the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), including enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, an important sensor involved in the anti-oxidant response is KEAP1-NRF2-ARE signaling complex. Under oxidative stress (OS), the transcription factor NRF2 can dissociate from the KEAP1-complex in the cytosol and translocate into the nucleus to promote the transcriptional activation of anti-oxidant genes, such as heme oxygenase 1 and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase. Within this context, the activation of NRF2 response is further regulated by BACH1, a transcription repressor, that compete with the KEAP1-NRF2-ARE complex. In this work, we focused on the role of BACH1/NRF2 ratio in the regulation of the anti-oxidant response, proposing their antithetical relation as a valuable target for a therapeutic strategy to test drugs able to exert neuroprotective effects, notably in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Among these, Down syndrome (DS) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by BACH1 gene triplication that likely results in the impairment of NRF2 causing increased OS. Our results revealed that BACH1 overexpression alters the BACH1/NRF2 ratio in the nucleus and disturbs the induction of antioxidant response genes ultimately resulting in the accumulation of oxidative damage both in Ts2Cje mice (a mouse model of DS) and human DS lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Based on this evidence, we tested Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) and the synthetic analogue VP961, which have been proven to modulate NRF2 activity. We showed that CAPE and VP961 administration to DS LCLs was able to promote NRF2 nuclear translocation, which resulted in the amelioration of antioxidant response. Overall, our study supports the hypothesis that BACH1 triplication in DS subjects is implicated in the alteration of redox homeostasis and therapeutic strategies to overcome this effect are under investigation in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pagnotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliiated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliiated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliiated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliiated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Folgiero
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Caforio
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliiated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
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Perluigi M, Picca A, Montanari E, Calvani R, Marini F, Matassa R, Tramutola A, Villani A, Familiari G, Domenico FD, Butterfield DA, Oh KJ, Marzetti E, Valentini D, Barone E. Aberrant crosstalk between insulin signaling and mTOR in young Down syndrome individuals revealed by neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:1498-1510. [PMID: 34812584 PMCID: PMC10131479 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intellectual disability, accelerated aging, and early-onset Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration are key brain pathological features of Down syndrome (DS). Although growing research aims at the identification of molecular pathways underlying the aging trajectory of DS population, data on infants and adolescents with DS are missing. METHODS Neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles (nEVs) were isolated form healthy donors (HDs, n = 17) and DS children (n = 18) from 2 to 17 years of age and nEV content was interrogated for markers of insulin/mTOR pathways. RESULTS nEVs isolated from DS children were characterized by a significant increase in pIRS1Ser636 , a marker of insulin resistance, and the hyperactivation of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K axis downstream from IRS1, likely driven by the higher inhibition of Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). High levels of pGSK3βSer9 were also found. CONCLUSIONS The alteration of the insulin-signaling/mTOR pathways represents an early event in DS brain and likely contributes to the cerebral dysfunction and intellectual disability observed in this unique population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elita Montanari
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Matassa
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- Pediatric Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Barchetta I, Ceccarelli V, Cimini FA, Barone E, Sentinelli F, Coluzzi M, Chiappetta C, Bertoccini L, Tramutola A, Labbadia G, Di Cristofano C, Silecchia G, Leonetti F, Cavallo MG. Circulating dipeptidyl peptidase-4 is independently associated with the presence and severity of NAFLD/NASH in individuals with and without obesity and metabolic disease. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:979-988. [PMID: 32852705 PMCID: PMC8049937 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) levels are associated to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in humans; initial evidence reported a relationship between DPP4 and chronic liver diseases. Aim of this study was to investigate hepatic and systemic DPP4 levels/activity in relation to NAFLD/NASH in individuals with and without metabolic disease. METHODS We recruited fifty-two obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery and intra-operative liver biopsy at Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. The association between DPP4 levels/activity and NAFLD was also evaluated in 126 non-obese individuals recruited in the same setting. RESULTS NAFLD patients had significantly higher circulating DPP4 activity than no-NAFLD in both the obese and non-obese cohorts; plasma DPP4 activity and levels linearly correlated with steatosis grade and inflammation at the liver biopsy. Hepatic DPP4 mRNA was not associated to either its circulating levels/activity or NAFLD. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis on all the study participants (n = 178), higher circulating DPP4 activity was associated with NAFLD independently of potential confounders with OR (95% CI): 3.5 (1.2-10.21), p = 0.022. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the coexistence of increased plasma DPP4 levels and activity in NAFLD. Circulating DPP4 measurement may represent a novel cost-effective strategy for NAFLD/NASH risk stratification and a potential tool for monitoring disease's progression in established NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Flavia A Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sentinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Coluzzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Chiappetta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoccini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Labbadia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Di Cristofano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Silecchia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Frida Leonetti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria G Cavallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Zuliani I, Lanzillotta C, Tramutola A, Barone E, Perluigi M, Rinaldo S, Paone A, Cutruzzolà F, Bellanti F, Spinelli M, Natale F, Fusco S, Grassi C, Di Domenico F. High-Fat Diet Leads to Reduced Protein O-GlcNAcylation and Mitochondrial Defects Promoting the Development of Alzheimer's Disease Signatures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073746. [PMID: 33916835 PMCID: PMC8038495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The disturbance of protein O-GlcNAcylation is emerging as a possible link between altered brain metabolism and the progression of neurodegeneration. As observed in brains with Alzheimer's disease (AD), flaws of the cerebral glucose uptake translate into reduced protein O-GlcNAcylation, which promote the formation of pathological hallmarks. A high-fat diet (HFD) is known to foster metabolic dysregulation and insulin resistance in the brain and such effects have been associated with the reduction of cognitive performances. Remarkably, a significant role in HFD-related cognitive decline might be played by aberrant protein O-GlcNAcylation by triggering the development of AD signature and mitochondrial impairment. Our data support the impairment of total protein O-GlcNAcylation profile both in the brain of mice subjected to a 6-week high-fat-diet (HFD) and in our in vitro transposition on SH-SY5Y cells. The reduction of protein O-GlcNAcylation was associated with the development of insulin resistance, induced by overfeeding (i.e., defective insulin signaling and reduced mitochondrial activity), which promoted the dysregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) flux, through the AMPK-driven reduction of GFAT1 activation. Further, we observed that a HFD induced the selective impairment of O-GlcNAcylated-tau and of O-GlcNAcylated-Complex I subunit NDUFB8, thus resulting in tau toxicity and reduced respiratory chain functionality respectively, highlighting the involvement of this posttranslational modification in the neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Zuliani
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Alessio Paone
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Bellanti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Matteo Spinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.N.); (S.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesca Natale
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.N.); (S.F.); (C.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.N.); (S.F.); (C.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.N.); (S.F.); (C.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Lanzillotta C, Tramutola A, Di Giacomo G, Marini F, Butterfield DA, Di Domenico F, Perluigi M, Barone E. Insulin resistance, oxidative stress and mitochondrial defects in Ts65dn mice brain: A harmful synergistic path in down syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:152-170. [PMID: 33516914 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of brain insulin signaling with reduced downstream neuronal survival and plasticity mechanisms are fundamental abnormalities observed in Alzheimer disease (AD). This phenomenon, known as brain insulin resistance, is associated with poor cognitive performance and is driven by the inhibition of IRS1. Since Down syndrome (DS) and AD neuropathology share many common features, we investigated metabolic aspects of neurodegeneration in DS and whether they contribute to early onset AD in DS. We evaluated levels and activation of proteins belonging to the insulin signaling pathway (IR, IRS1, BVR-A, MAPK, PTEN, Akt, GSK3β, PKCζ, AS160, GLUT4) in the frontal cortex of Ts65dn (DS model) (n = 5-6/group) and euploid mice (n = 6/group) at different ages (1, 3, 9 and 18 months). Furthermore, we analyzed whether changes of brain insulin signaling were associated with alterations of: (i) proteins regulating brain energy metabolism (mitochondrial complexes, hexokinase-II, Sirt1); (ii) oxidative stress (OS) markers (iii) APP cleavage; and (iv) proteins mediating synaptic plasticity mechanisms (PSD95, syntaxin-1 and BDNF). Ts65dn mice showed an overall impairment of the above-mentioned pathways, mainly characterized by defects of proteins activation state. Such alterations start early in life (at 1 month, during brain maturation). In particular, accumulation of inhibited IRS1, together with the uncoupling among the proteins downstream from IRS1 (brain insulin resistance), characterize Ts65dn mice. Furthermore, reduced levels of mitochondrial complexes and Sirt1, as well as increased indices of OS also were observed. These alterations precede the accumulation of APP-C99 in Ts65dn mice. Tellingly, oxidative stress levels were negatively associated with IR, IRS1 and AS160 activation as well as mitochondrial complexes levels in Ts65dn mice, suggesting a role for oxidative stress in the observed alterations. We propose that a close link exists among brain insulin resistance, mitochondrial defects and OS that contributes to brain dysfunctions observed in DS, likely favoring the development of AD in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Graziella Di Giacomo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0055, USA
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
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10
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Zuliani I, Lanzillotta C, Tramutola A, Francioso A, Pagnotta S, Barone E, Perluigi M, Di Domenico F. The Dysregulation of OGT/OGA Cycle Mediates Tau and APP Neuropathology in Down Syndrome. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:340-363. [PMID: 33258073 PMCID: PMC8116370 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a nutrient-related post-translational modification that, since its discovery some 30 years ago, has been associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. As reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD), flaws in the cerebral glucose uptake translate into reduced hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux and subsequently lead to aberrant protein O-GlcNAcylation. Notably, the reduction of O-GlcNAcylated proteins involves also tau and APP, thus promoting their aberrant phosphorylation in AD brain and the onset of AD pathological markers. Down syndrome (DS) individuals are characterized by the early development of AD by the age of 60 and, although the two conditions present the same pathological hallmarks and share the alteration of many molecular mechanisms driving brain degeneration, no evidence has been sought on the implication of O-GlcNAcylation in DS pathology. Our study aimed to unravel for the first time the role of protein O-GlcNacylation in DS brain alterations positing the attention of potential trisomy-related mechanisms triggering the aberrant regulation of OGT/OGA cycle. We demonstrate the disruption of O-GlcNAcylation homeostasis, as an effect of altered OGT and OGA regulatory mechanism, and confirm the relevance of O-GlcNAcylation in the appearance of AD hallmarks in the brain of a murine model of DS. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the neuroprotective effects of brain-targeted OGA inhibition. Indeed, the rescue of OGA activity was able to restore protein O-GlcNAcylation, and reduce AD-related hallmarks and decreased protein nitration, possibly as effect of induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Zuliani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pagnotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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11
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Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of a protein are chemical modifications that play a key role because they regulate almost all cellular events, including gene expression, signal transduction, protein-protein interaction, cell-cell interaction, and communication. Defects in PTMs have been linked to numerous developmental disorders and human diseases, highlighting the importance of PTMs in maintaining normal cellular states. PTMs reversibly or irreversibly alter the structure and properties of proteins through biochemical reactions, thus extending protein function beyond what is dictated by gene transcripts. As analytical approaches have evolved, the biological influences of many types of PTMs have been identified and are routinely analyzed in many systems.Among several types of PTMs, polyubiquitination-addition of ubiquitin (often in the form of polymers) to substrates-governs a variety of biological processes ranging from proteolysis to DNA damage response. The functional flexibility of this modification correlates with the existence of a large number of ubiquitinating enzymes that form distinct ubiquitin polymers, which in turn result in different signals. Thus, the need of specific and sensitive methods for the analysis of the complexity of ubiquitin chain linkage is needed to understand how this structural diversity could translate into various cellular functions. In this section, we described a detailed protocol to enrich polyubiquitinated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Lanzillotta C, Zuliani I, Tramutola A, Abisambra JF, Barone E, Perluigi M, Domenico FD. PERK inhibition promotes the rescue of protein translation and Nrf2‐related antioxidant response. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.041867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Lanzillotta C, Tramutola A, Di Domenico F, Vasavda C, Paul BD, Snyder S, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M, Duarte JM, Barone E. Loss of biliverdin reductase‐a (BVR‐A) impairs beneficial effects of CNS insulin on brain energy metabolism favoring the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.039511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joao M.N. Duarte
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Lund University Lund Sweden
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14
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Domenico FD, Zuliani I, Lanzillotta C, Barone E, Fusco S, Grassi C, Tramutola A, Perluigi M. High fat diet leads to aberrant protein O‐GlcNAcylation and to the development of Alzheimer disease signatures in mice. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.039449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
- University of Rome Sapienza Rome Italy
| | | | | | | | - Salvatore Fusco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy
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15
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Domenico FD, Zuliani I, Perluigi M, Lanzillotta C, Barone E, Tramutola A. Aberrant protein O‐GlcNAcylation drives AD‐like neurodegeneration in DS mice. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.039361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Bouzidi A, Magnifico MC, Paiardini A, Macone A, Boumis G, Giardina G, Rinaldo S, Liberati FR, Lauro C, Limatola C, Lanzillotta C, Tramutola A, Perluigi M, Sgarbi G, Solaini G, Baracca A, Paone A, Cutruzzolà F. Cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase controls lung adenocarcinoma cells migratory ability by modulating AMP kinase activity. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1012. [PMID: 33243973 PMCID: PMC7691363 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient utilization and reshaping of metabolism in cancer cells is a well-known driver of malignant transformation. Less clear is the influence of the local microenvironment on metastasis formation and choice of the final organ to invade. Here we show that the level of the amino acid serine in the cytosol affects the migratory properties of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. Inhibition of serine or glycine uptake from the extracellular milieu, as well as knockdown of the cytosolic one-carbon metabolism enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT1), abolishes migration. Using rescue experiments with a brain extracellular extract, and direct measurements, we demonstrate that cytosolic serine starvation controls cell movement by increasing reactive oxygen species formation and decreasing ATP levels, thereby promoting activation of the AMP sensor kinase (AMPK) by phosphorylation. Activation of AMPK induces remodeling of the cytoskeleton and finally controls cell motility. These results highlight that cytosolic serine metabolism plays a key role in controlling motility, suggesting that cells are able to dynamically exploit the compartmentalization of this metabolism to adapt their metabolic needs to different cell functions (movement vs. proliferation). We propose a model to explain the relevance of serine/glycine metabolism in the preferential colonization of the brain by LUAD cells and suggest that the inhibition of serine/glycine uptake and/or cytosolic SHMT1 might represent a successful strategy to limit the formation of brain metastasis from primary tumors, a major cause of death in these patients. Lung cancer is a very aggressive tumor that often forms brain metastases. We show that lung cancer cells motility, fundamental for the formation of metastases, is controlled by amino acids such as serine and glycine, abundant in brain microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Bouzidi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Magnifico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paiardini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Boumis
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giardina
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Liberati
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Clotilde Lauro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Paone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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17
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Lanzillotta C, Zuliani I, Tramutola A, Barone E, Blarzino C, Folgiero V, Caforio M, Valentini D, Villani A, Locatelli F, Butterfield DA, Head E, Perluigi M, Abisambra JF, Di Domenico F. Chronic PERK induction promotes Alzheimer-like neuropathology in Down syndrome: Insights for therapeutic intervention. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 196:101892. [PMID: 32795489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in neurobiology is the identification of the mechanisms by which protein misfolding leads to cellular toxicity. Many neurodegenerative disorders, in which aberrant protein conformers aggregate into pathological inclusions, present the chronic activation of the PERK branch of the unfolded protein response. The adaptive effects of the PERK pathway include reduction of translation by transient inhibition of eIF2α and antioxidant protein production via induction of Nrf2 transcription factor. In contrast, PERK prolonged activation leads to sustained reduction in protein synthesis and induction of cell death pathways. To further investigate the role of the PERK pathway in neurodegenerative disorders, we focused on Down syndrome (DS), in which aging confers a high risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). By investigating human DS frontal cortices, we found early and sustained PERK activation associated with the induction of eIF2α and ATF4 downstream signals. We also observed that the Nrf2 response is uncoupled from PERK and its antioxidant effects are repressed in a mechanism implicating the transcription repressor Bach1. The pharmacological inhibition of PERK in DS mice reduced eIF2α-related translational repression and promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation, favoring the rescue of Nrf2/Bach1 imbalance. The further analysis of peripheral cells from living DS individuals provided strong support of the pathological link between PERK and trisomy 21. Our results suggest that failure to regulate the PERK pathway is a peculiar characteristic of DS pathology and it may represent an essential step to promote cellular dysfunction, which actively contributes in the brain to the early development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zuliani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Blarzino
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Folgiero
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Caforio
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Diletta Valentini
- Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jose F Abisambra
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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18
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Tramutola A, Lanzillotta C, Di Domenico F, Head E, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M, Barone E. Brain insulin resistance triggers early onset Alzheimer disease in Down syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 137:104772. [PMID: 31987911 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of insulin signaling pathway with reduced downstream neuronal survival and plasticity mechanisms is a fundamental abnormality observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. This phenomenon, known as brain insulin resistance, is associated with poor cognitive performance and is driven by the uncoupling of insulin receptor (IR) from its direct substrate (IRS1). Considering that Down syndrome (DS) and AD neuropathology share many common features, we investigated metabolic aspects of neurodegeneration, i.e., brain insulin resistance, in DS and whether it would contribute to early onset AD in DS population. Changes of levels and activation of main brain proteins belonging to the insulin signaling pathway (i.e., IR, IRS1, PTEN, GSK3β, PKCζ, AS160, GLUT4) were evaluated. Furthermore, we analyzed whether changes of these proteins were associated with alterations of: (i) proteins regulating brain energy metabolism; (ii) APP cleavage; and (ii) regulation of synaptic plasticity mechanisms in post-mortem brain samples collected from people with DS before and after the development of AD pathology (DSAD) compared with their age-matched controls. We found that DS cases were characterized by key markers of brain insulin resistance (reduced IR and increased IRS1 inhibition) early in life. Furthermore, downstream from IRS1, an overall uncoupling among the proteins of insulin signaling was observed. Dysregulated brain insulin signaling was associated with reduced hexokinase II (HKII) levels and proteins associated with mitochondrial complexes levels as well as with reduced levels of syntaxin in DS cases. Tellingly, these alterations precede the development of AD neuropathology and clinical presentations in DS. We propose that markers of brain insulin resistance rise earlier with age in DS compared with the general population and may contribute to the cognitive impairment associated with the early development of AD in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Markey Cancer Center, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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19
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Di Domenico F, Zuliani I, Tramutola A. Shining a light on defective autophagy by proteomics approaches: implications for neurodegenerative illnesses. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:951-964. [PMID: 31709850 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1691919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Autophagy is one of the most conserved clearance systems through which eukaryotes manage to handle dysfunctional and excess organelles and macromolecules. This catabolic process has not only a role in the maintenance of basal turnover of cellular components, but it is also essential in cells adaptation to stress conditions. In the last decades, defects in autophagic machinery have been identified as a feature in neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has become an important tool in the comprehensive analysis of proteins involved in the autophagic flux.Area covered: In this review, we discuss recent contributions of proteomic techniques in the study of defective autophagy related to neurodegenerative illness. Particular emphasis is given to the identification of i) shared autophagic markers between different disorders, which support common pathological mechanisms; ii) unique autophagic signature, which could aid to discriminate among diseases.Expert opinion: Proteomic approaches are valuable in the identification of alterations of components to the autophagic process at different steps of the process. The investigation of autophagic defects associated with neurological disorders is crucial in order to unravel all the potential mechanism leading to neurodegeneration and propose effective therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zuliani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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20
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Barchetta I, Ciccarelli G, Barone E, Cimini FA, Ceccarelli V, Bertoccini L, Sentinelli F, Tramutola A, Del Ben M, Angelico F, Baroni MG, Lenzi A, Cavallo MG. Greater circulating DPP4 activity is associated with impaired flow-mediated dilatation in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:1087-1094. [PMID: 31431395 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a key enzyme involved in the regulation of the incretin system exerted by cleaving the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1); the blockage of DPP4, exerted by the antidiabetic agents DPP4-inhibitors (DPP4-I), results in greater GLP-1 concentration and improved glycaemic control. DPP4 acts also as a pro-inflammatory molecule and mediates vascular damage in experimental models. The relationship between DPP4 activity and endothelial function in diabetes has not been explored yet. Aim of this study was to investigate systemic plasma DPP4 activity in relation to endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty-two T2DM individuals were recruited in our Diabetes outpatient clinics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. All participants underwent complete clinical work-up; endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) test; plasma DPP4 activity was assessed by measuring the 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) cleavage rate from the synthetic substrate H-glycyl-prolyl-AMC and compared with DPP4 activity measured in sixty-two age-, sex-, BMI-matched non-diabetic subjects. Patients with T2DM had significantly higher DPP4 activity than non-diabetic individuals (211,466 ± 87657 vs 158,087 ± 60267 nmol/min/ml, p < 0.001); in T2DM patients, greater DPP4 activity significantly correlated with lower FMD whereas was not associated with BMI and metabolic control. Greater systemic DPP4 activity was an independent predictor of reduced FMD after adjusting for age, gender and other confounders. CONCLUSIONS Circulating DPP4 activity is increased in individuals with T2DM and associated with signs of endothelial dysfunction such as impaired FMD. DPP4 may negatively affect endothelial function through mechanisms beyond glucose homeostasis and metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gea Ciccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia A Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Bertoccini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Del Ben
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelico
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marco G Baroni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Maria G Cavallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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21
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Barone E, Tramutola A, Arena A, Di Domenico F, Head E, Perluigi M. P4-030: THE EARLY ONSET OF BRAIN INSULIN RESISTANCE IN DOWN SYNDROME: ROLE OF TRIPLICATED MIR802. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Head
- Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility; University of California Irvine; Irvine CA USA
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22
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Barone E, Sharma N, Tramutola A, Lanzillotta C, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M. P4-153: LOSS OF BILIVERDIN REDUCTASE-A FAVORS TAU HYPER-PHOSPHORYLATION IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Lanzillotta C, Tramutola A, Meier S, Schmitt F, Barone E, Perluigi M, Di Domenico F, Abisambra JF. Early and Selective Activation and Subsequent Alterations to the Unfolded Protein Response in Down Syndrome Mouse Models. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:347-359. [PMID: 29439332 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder and the leading genetic cause of intellectual disability in humans, which results from the triplication of chromosome 21. DS individuals have an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology and dementia by the age of 40 due to the triplication of several genes involved in the formation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Further, DS and AD are characterized by the aberrant accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins resulting from over-burdened protein quality control systems. The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers a cellular stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR). Long-term activation of the UPR mediates neuronal dysfunction in AD. We hypothesized that the UPR is impacted in a mouse model of DS. To test this, we performed gene and protein expression analysis of ER stress markers in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS at 3, 9, and 18 months. We identified activation of the PERK pathway in Ts65Dn DS mice at 3 months of age compared to euploid controls. We also determined that the early and overt UPR activation decreased with age, the UPR signal was significantly reduced by 18 months. Our data suggest that UPR activation in DS mouse models occurs early before consistent brain neurodegeneration and might be an essential contributor to dys-proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Shelby Meier
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Frederick Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Epilepsy Center (EpiC) and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de alud, Avenida Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jose F Abisambra
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Epilepsy Center (EpiC) and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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24
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Di Domenico F, Tramutola A, Barone E, Lanzillotta C, Defever O, Arena A, Zuliani I, Foppoli C, Iavarone F, Vincenzoni F, Castagnola M, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M. Restoration of aberrant mTOR signaling by intranasal rapamycin reduces oxidative damage: Focus on HNE-modified proteins in a mouse model of down syndrome. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101162. [PMID: 30876754 PMCID: PMC6859577 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidences support the notion that the impairment of intracellular degradative machinery is responsible for the accumulation of oxidized/misfolded proteins that ultimately results in the deposition of protein aggregates. These events are key pathological aspects of "protein misfolding diseases", including Alzheimer disease (AD). Interestingly, Down syndrome (DS) neuropathology shares many features with AD, such as the deposition of both amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Studies from our group and others demonstrated, in DS brain, the dysfunction of both proteasome and autophagy degradative systems, coupled with increased oxidative damage. Further, we observed the aberrant increase of mTOR signaling and of its down-stream pathways in both DS brain and in Ts65Dn mice. Based on these findings, we support the ability of intranasal rapamycin treatment (InRapa) to restore mTOR pathway but also to restrain oxidative stress resulting in the decreased accumulation of lipoxidized proteins. By proteomics approach, we were able to identify specific proteins that showed decreased levels of HNE-modification after InRapa treatment compared with vehicle group. Among MS-identified proteins, we found that reduced oxidation of arginase-1 (ARG-1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) might play a key role in reducing brain damage associated with synaptic transmission failure and tau hyperphosphorylation. InRapa treatment, by reducing ARG-1 protein-bound HNE levels, rescues its enzyme activity and conceivably contribute to the recovery of arginase-regulated functions. Further, it was shown that PP2A inhibition induces tau hyperphosphorylation and spatial memory deficits. Our data suggest that InRapa was able to rescue PP2A activity as suggested by reduced p-tau levels. In summary, considering that mTOR pathway is a central hub of multiple intracellular signaling, we propose that InRapa treatment is able to lower the lipoxidation-mediated damage to proteins, thus representing a valuable therapeutic strategy to reduce the early development of AD pathology in DS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Universidad Autònoma de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de alud, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Olivia Defever
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zuliani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesira Foppoli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica, IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia - Rome and Istituto per la Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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25
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Cimini FA, Arena A, Barchetta I, Tramutola A, Ceccarelli V, Lanzillotta C, Fontana M, Bertoccini L, Leonetti F, Capoccia D, Silecchia G, Di Cristofano C, Chiappetta C, Di Domenico F, Baroni MG, Perluigi M, Cavallo MG, Barone E. Reduced biliverdin reductase-A levels are associated with early alterations of insulin signaling in obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1490-1501. [PMID: 30826467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) is a serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase involved in the regulation of insulin signaling. In vitro studies have demonstrated that BVR-A is a substrate of the insulin receptor and regulates IRS1 by avoiding its aberrant activation, and in animal model of obesity the loss of hepatic BVR-A has been associated with glucose/insulin alterations and fatty liver disease. However, no studies exist in humans. Here, we evaluated BVR-A expression levels and activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from obese subjects and matched lean controls and we investigated the related molecular alterations of the insulin along with clinical correlates. We showed that BVR-A levels are significantly reduced in obese subjects and associated with a hyper-activation of the IR/IRS1/Akt/GSK-3β/AS160/GLUT4 pathway. Low BVR-A levels also associate with the presence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, NASH and visceral adipose tissue inflammation. These data suggest that the reduction of BVR-A may be responsible for early alterations of the insulin signaling pathway in obesity and in this context may represent a novel molecular target to be investigated for the comprehension of the process of insulin resistance development in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Agata Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoccini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Frida Leonetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Danila Capoccia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Silecchia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Di Cristofano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Chiappetta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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26
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Sharma N, Tramutola A, Lanzillotta C, Arena A, Blarzino C, Cassano T, Butterfield DA, Di Domenico F, Perluigi M, Barone E. Loss of biliverdin reductase-A favors Tau hyper-phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 125:176-189. [PMID: 30738142 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyper-active GSK-3β favors Tau phosphorylation during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Akt is one of the main kinases inhibiting GSK-3β and its activation occurs in response to neurotoxic stimuli including, i.e., oxidative stress. Biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) is a scaffold protein favoring the Akt-mediated inhibition of GSK-3β. Reduced BVR-A levels along with increased oxidative stress were observed early in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice (at 6 months), thus suggesting that loss of BVR-A could be a limiting factor in the oxidative stress-induced Akt-mediated inhibition of GSK-3β in AD. We evaluated changes of BVR-A, Akt, GSK-3β, oxidative stress and Tau phosphorylation levels: (a) in brain from young (6-months) and old (12-months) 3xTg-AD mice; and (b) in post-mortem inferior parietal lobule (IPL) samples from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), from AD and from age-matched controls. Furthermore, similar analyses were performed in vitro in cells lacking BVR-A and treated with H2O2. Reduced BVR-A levels along with: (a) increased oxidative stress; (b) reduced GSK-3β inhibition; and (c) increased Tau Ser404 phosphorylation (target of GSK-3β activity) without changes of Akt activation in young mice, were observed. Similar findings were obtained in MCI, consistent with the notion that this is a molecular mechanism disrupted in humans. Interestingly, cells lacking BVR-A and treated with H2O2 showed reduced GSK-3β inhibition and increased Tau Ser404 phosphorylation, which resulted from a defect of Akt and GSK-3β physical interaction. Reduced levels of Akt/GSK-3β complex were confirmed in both young 3xTg-AD and MCI brain. We demonstrated that loss of BVR-A impairs the neuroprotective Akt-mediated inhibition of GSK-3β in response to oxidative stress, thus contributing to Tau hyper-phosphorylation in early stage AD. Such changes potential provide promising therapeutic targets for this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Carla Blarzino
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via L. Pinto, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Markey Cancer Center, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy.
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27
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Tramutola A, Abate G, Lanzillotta C, Triani F, Barone E, Iavarone F, Vincenzoni F, Castagnola M, Marziano M, Memo M, Garrafa E, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M, Di Domenico F, Uberti D. Protein nitration profile of CD3 + lymphocytes from Alzheimer disease patients: Novel hints on immunosenescence and biomarker detection. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:430-439. [PMID: 30321702 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive form of dementia characterized by increased production of amyloid-β plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated oxidative stress, reduced protein clearance, among other. Several studies showed systemic modifications of immune and inflammatory systems due, in part, to decreased levels of CD3+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood in AD. Considering that oxidative stress, both in the brain and in the periphery, can influence the activation and differentiation of T-cells, we investigated the 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) proteome of blood T-cells derived from AD patients compared to non-demented (ND) subjects by using a proteomic approach. 3-NT is a formal protein oxidation and index of nitrosative stress. We identified ten proteins showing increasing levels of 3-NT in CD3+ T-cells from AD patients compared with ND subjects. These proteins are involved in energy metabolism, cytoskeletal structure, intracellular signaling, protein folding and turnover, and antioxidant response and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism that impact reduced T-cell differentiation in AD. Our results highlight the role of peripheral oxidative stress in T-cells related to immune-senescence during AD pathology focusing on the specific targets of protein nitration that conceivably can be suitable to further therapies. Further, our data demonstrate common targets of protein nitration between the brain and the periphery, supporting their significance as disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Abate
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Triani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, and/or Dip. di Diagnostica di Laboratorio e Malattie Infettive, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, and/or Dip. di Diagnostica di Laboratorio e Malattie Infettive, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, and/or Dip. di Diagnostica di Laboratorio e Malattie Infettive, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Marziano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emirena Garrafa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Tramutola A, Lanzillotta C, Barone E, Arena A, Zuliani I, Mosca L, Blarzino C, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M, Di Domenico F. Intranasal rapamycin ameliorates Alzheimer-like cognitive decline in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:28. [PMID: 30410750 PMCID: PMC6218962 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Down syndrome (DS) individuals, by the age of 40s, are at increased risk to develop Alzheimer-like dementia, with deposition in brain of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Our laboratory recently demonstrated the disturbance of PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in DS brain, prior and after the development of Alzheimer Disease (AD). The aberrant modulation of the mTOR signalling in DS and AD age-related cognitive decline affects crucial neuronal pathways, including insulin signaling and autophagy, involved in pathology onset and progression. Within this context, the therapeutic use of mTOR-inhibitors may prevent/attenuate the neurodegenerative phenomena. By our work we aimed to rescue mTOR signalling in DS mice by a novel rapamycin intranasal administration protocol (InRapa) that maximizes brain delivery and reduce systemic side effects. Methods Ts65Dn mice were administered with InRapa for 12 weeks, starting at 6 months of age demonstrating, at the end of the treatment by radial arms maze and novel object recognition testing, rescued cognition. Results The analysis of mTOR signalling, after InRapa, demonstrated in Ts65Dn mice hippocampus the inhibition of mTOR (reduced to physiological levels), which led, through the rescue of autophagy and insulin signalling, to reduced APP levels, APP processing and APP metabolites production, as well as, to reduced tau hyperphosphorylation. In addition, a reduction of oxidative stress markers was also observed. Discussion These findings demonstrate that chronic InRapa administration is able to exert a neuroprotective effect on Ts65Dn hippocampus by reducing AD pathological hallmarks and by restoring protein homeostasis, thus ultimately resulting in improved cognition. Results are discussed in term of a potential novel targeted therapeutic approach to reduce cognitive decline and AD-like neuropathology in DS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tramutola
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.,2Universidad Autònoma de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de alud, Avenida Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Arena
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zuliani
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Blarzino
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- 3Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055 USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- a Department of Biochemical Sciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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Tramutola A, Sharma N, Barone E, Lanzillotta C, Castellani A, Iavarone F, Vincenzoni F, Castagnola M, Butterfield DA, Gaetani S, Cassano T, Perluigi M, Di Domenico F. Proteomic identification of altered protein O-GlcNAcylation in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3309-3321. [PMID: 30031227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PET scan analysis demonstrated the early reduction of cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients that can make neurons vulnerable to damage via the alteration of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Defective HBP leads to flawed protein O-GlcNAcylation coupled, by a mutual inverse relationship, with increased protein phosphorylation on Ser/Thr residues. Altered O-GlcNAcylation of Tau and APP have been reported in AD and is closely related with pathology onset and progression. In addition, type 2 diabetes patients show an altered O-GlcNAcylation/phosphorylation that might represent a link between metabolic defects and AD progression. Our study aimed to decipher the specific protein targets of altered O-GlcNAcylation in brain of 12-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice compared with age-matched non-Tg mice. Hence, we analysed the global O-GlcNAc levels, the levels and activity of OGT and OGA, the enzymes controlling its cycling and protein specific O-GlcNAc levels using a bi-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) approach. Our data demonstrate the alteration of OGT and OGA activation coupled with the decrease of total O-GlcNAcylation levels. Data from proteomics analysis led to the identification of several proteins with reduced O-GlcNAcylation levels, which belong to key pathways involved in the progression of AD such as neuronal structure, protein degradation and glucose metabolism. In parallel, we analysed the O-GlcNAcylation/phosphorylation ratio of IRS1 and AKT, whose alterations may contribute to insulin resistance and reduced glucose uptake. Our findings may contribute to better understand the role of altered protein O-GlcNAcylation profile in AD, by possibly identifying novel mechanisms of disease progression related to glucose hypometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Universidad Autònoma de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de alud, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Castellani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Tramutola A, Triani F, Di Domenico F, Barone E, Cai J, Klein JB, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. Poly-ubiquitin profile in Alzheimer disease brain. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 118:129-141. [PMID: 30003951 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of memory, reasoning and other cognitive functions. Pathologically, patients with AD are characterized by deposition of senile plaques (SPs), formed by β-amyloid (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles (NTFs) that consist of aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The accumulation of insoluble protein aggregates in AD brain can be associated with an impairment of degradative systems. This current study investigated if the disturbance of protein polyubiquitination is associated with AD neurodegeneration. By using a novel proteomic approach, we found that 13 brain proteins are increasingly polyubiquitinated in AD human brain compared to age-matched controls. Moreover, the majority of the identified proteins were previously found to be oxidized in our prior proteomics, and these proteins are mainly involved in protein quality control and glucose metabolism. This is the first study showing alteration of the poly-ubiquitin profile in AD brain compared with healthy controls. Understanding the onset of the altered ubiquitin profile in AD brain may contribute to identification of key molecular regulators of cognitive decline. In AD, deficits of the proteolytic system may further exacerbate the accumulation of oxidized/misfolded/polyubiquitinated proteins that are not efficiently degraded and may become harmful to neurons and contribute to AD neuropathology and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Triani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Nephrology and Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jon B Klein
- Department of Nephrology and Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Di Domenico F, Tramutola A, Foppoli C, Head E, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. mTOR in Down syndrome: Role in Aß and tau neuropathology and transition to Alzheimer disease-like dementia. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 114:94-101. [PMID: 28807816 PMCID: PMC5748251 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and degradation, longevity and cytoskeletal formation. The mTOR pathway represents a key growth and survival pathway involved in several diseases such as cancer, obesity, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies linked the alterations of mTOR pathway to age-dependent cognitive decline, pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) and AD-like dementia in Down syndrome (DS). DS is the most frequent chromosomal abnormality that causes intellectual disability. The neuropathology of AD in DS is complex and involves impaired mitochondrial function, defects in neurogenesis, increased oxidative stress, altered proteostasis and autophagy networks as a result of triplication of chromosome 21(chr 21). The chr21 gene products are considered a principal neuropathogenic moiety in DS. Several genes involved respectively in the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), two main pathological hallmarks of AD, are mapped on chr21. Further, in subjects with DS the activation of mTOR signaling contributes to Aβ generation and the formation of NFT. This review discusses recent research highlighting the complex role of mTOR associated with the presence of two hallmarks of AD pathology, senile plaques (composed mostly of fibrillar Aß peptides), and NFT (composed mostly of hyperphosphorylated tau protein). Oxidative stress, associated with chr21-related Aβ and mitochondrial alterations, may significantly contribute to this linkage of mTOR to AD-like neuropathology in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Cesira Foppoli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
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Di Domenico F, Tramutola A, Butterfield DA. Role of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) in the pathogenesis of alzheimer disease and other selected age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:253-261. [PMID: 27789292 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in various and numerous pathological states including several age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Peroxidation of the membrane lipid bilayer is one of the major sources of free radical-mediated injury that directly damages neurons causing increased membrane rigidity, decreased activity of membrane-bound enzymes, impairment of membrane receptors and altered membrane permeability and eventual cell death. Moreover, the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids leads to the formation of aldehydes, which can act as toxic by-products. One of the most abundant and cytotoxic lipid -derived aldehydes is 4-hydroxy 2-nonenal (HNE). HNE toxicity is mainly due to the alterations of cell functions by the formation of covalent adducts of HNE with proteins. A key marker of lipid peroxidation, HNE-protein adducts, were found to be elevated in brain tissues and body fluids of Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis subjects and/or models of the respective age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Although only a few proteins were identified as common targets of HNE modification across all these listed disorders, a high overlap of these proteins occurs concerning the alteration of common pathways, such as glucose metabolism or mitochondrial function that are known to contribute to cognitive decline. Within this context, despite the different etiological and pathological mechanisms that lead to the onset of different neurodegenerative diseases, the formation of HNE-protein adducts might represent the shared leit-motif, which aggravates brain damage contributing to disease specific clinical presentation and decline in cognitive performance observed in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA.
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Barone E, Triani F, Tramutola A, Di Domenico F, Cassano T, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M. [P4–032]: BILIVERDIN REDUCTASE‐A MEDIATES THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF INTRANASAL INSULIN ADMINISTRATION ON AD PATHOLOGY IN THE BRAIN OF 3XTG‐AD MICE. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Perluigi M, Domenico F, Tramutola A, Cassano T, Sharma N. [O2–02–04]: ALTERED PROTEIN
O
‐GLCNACYLATION PROFILE REVEALED BY PROTEOMICS: NOVEL INSIGHTS ON PROTEIN SIGNALING MECHANISMS IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.07.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Perluigi
- Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- University of FoggiaFoggiaItaly
| | - Fabio Domenico
- Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | - Tommaso Cassano
- Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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Tramutola A, Di Domenico F, Barone E, Arena A, Giorgi A, di Francesco L, Schininà ME, Coccia R, Head E, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M. Polyubiquitinylation Profile in Down Syndrome Brain Before and After the Development of Alzheimer Neuropathology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:280-298. [PMID: 27627691 PMCID: PMC5327052 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Among the putative mechanisms proposed to be common factors in Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, deficits in protein quality control (PQC) have emerged as a unifying mechanism of neurodegeneration. Considering that disturbance of protein degradation systems is present in DS and that oxidized/misfolded proteins require polyubiquitinylation for degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system, this study investigated if dysregulation of protein polyubiquitinylation is associated with AD neurodegeneration in DS. RESULTS Postmortem brains from DS cases before and after development of AD neuropathology and age-matched controls were analyzed. By selectively isolating polyubiquitinated proteins, we were able to identify specific proteins with an altered pattern of polyubiquitinylation as a function of age. Interestingly, we found that oxidation is coupled with polyubiquitinylation for most proteins mainly involved in PQC and energy metabolism. INNOVATION This is the first study showing alteration of the polyubiquitinylation profile as a function of aging in DS brain compared with healthy controls. Understanding the onset of the altered ubiquitome profile in DS brain may contribute to identification of key molecular regulators of age-associated cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS Disturbance of the polyubiquitinylation machinery may be a key feature of aging and neurodegeneration. In DS, age-associated deficits of the proteolytic system may further exacerbate the accumulation of oxidized/misfolded/polyubiquitinated proteins, which is not efficiently degraded and may become harmful to neurons and contribute to AD neuropathology. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 280-298.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tramutola
- 1 Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Italy, Rome
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- 1 Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Italy, Rome
| | - Eugenio Barone
- 1 Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Italy, Rome
| | - Andrea Arena
- 1 Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Italy, Rome
| | - Alessandra Giorgi
- 1 Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Italy, Rome
| | - Laura di Francesco
- 1 Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Italy, Rome
| | | | - Raffaella Coccia
- 1 Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Italy, Rome
| | - Elizabeth Head
- 2 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- 2 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky.,4 Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- 1 Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Italy, Rome
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Tramutola A, Pupo G, Di Domenico F, Barone E, Arena A, Lanzillotta C, Brokeaart D, Blarzino C, Head E, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M. Activation of p53 in Down Syndrome and in the Ts65Dn Mouse Brain is Associated with a Pro-Apoptotic Phenotype. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:359-371. [PMID: 26967221 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, resulting from trisomy of chromosome 21. The main feature of DS neuropathology includes early onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with deposition of senile plaques and tangles. We hypothesized that apoptosis may be activated in the presence of AD neuropathology in DS, thus we measured proteins associated with upstream and downstream pathways of p53 in the frontal cortex from DS cases with and without AD pathology and from Ts65Dn mice, at different ages. We observed increased acetylation and phosphorylation of p53, coupled to reduced MDM2/p53 complex level and lower levels of SIRT1. Activation of p53 was associated with a number of targets (BAX, PARP1, caspase-3, p21, heat shock proteins, and PGC1α) that were modulated in both DS and DS/AD compared with age-matched controls. In particular, the most relevant changes (increased p-p53 and acetyl-p53 and reduced formation of MDM2/p53 complex) were found to be modified only in the presence of AD pathology in DS. In addition, a similar pattern of alterations in the p53 pathway was found in Ts65Dn mice. These results suggest that p53 may integrate different signals, which can result in a pro-apoptotic-phenotype contributing to AD neuropathology in people with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilda Pupo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Salud, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Carla Blarzino
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center of Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Sanders-Brown Center of Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- a Department of Biochemical Sciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- a Department of Biochemical Sciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- a Department of Biochemical Sciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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Tramutola A, Arena A, Cini C, Butterfield DA, Barone E. Modulation of GLP-1 signaling as a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 17:59-75. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1246183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi-Fanelli’, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi-Fanelli’, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Cini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi-Fanelli’, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi-Fanelli’, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Salud, Santiago, Chile
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Tramutola A, Lanzillotta C, Di Domenico F. Targeting mTOR to reduce Alzheimer-related cognitive decline: from current hits to future therapies. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 17:33-45. [PMID: 27690737 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1244482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mTOR pathway is involved in the regulation of a wide repertoire of cellular functions in the brain and its dysregulation is emerging as a leitmotif in a large number of neurological disorders. In AD, altered mTOR signaling contributes to the inhibition of autophagy deposition of Aβ and tau aggregates and to the alteration of several neuronal metabolic pathways. Areas covered: In this review, we report all the current findings on the use of mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin, rapalogues) in the treatment of AD. These results support the role of mTOR inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents able to reduce AD hallmarks and recover cognitive performances. Expert commentary: Despite mTOR inhibitors appearing to be ideal compounds to counteract AD, further studies are needed in order to gain knowledge on the involvement of aberrant mTOR in AD, and to standardize a valuable therapeutic approach that can be translated to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tramutola
- a Department of Biochemical Sciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- a Department of Biochemical Sciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- a Department of Biochemical Sciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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Tramutola A, Lanzillotta C, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. Oxidative stress, protein modification and Alzheimer disease. Brain Res Bull 2016; 133:88-96. [PMID: 27316747 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects the elderly population with complex etiology. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain different causes of AD, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. In this review, we focus attention on the oxidative-stress hypothesis of neurodegeneration and we discuss redox proteomics approaches to analyze post-mortem human brain from AD brain. Collectively, these studies have provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms involved both in the pathogenesis and progression of AD, demonstrating the impairment of numerous cellular processes such as energy production, cellular structure, signal transduction, synaptic function, mitochondrial function, cell cycle progression, and degradative systems. Each of these cellular functions normally contributes to maintain healthy neuronal homeostasis, so the deregulation of one or more of these functions could contribute to the pathology and clinical presentation of AD. In particular, we discuss the evidence demonstrating the oxidation/dysfunction of a number of enzymes specifically involved in energy metabolism that support the view that reduced glucose metabolism and loss of ATP are crucial events triggering neurodegeneration and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - C Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - M Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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Barone E, Di Domenico F, Cassano T, Arena A, Tramutola A, Lavecchia MA, Coccia R, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M. Impairment of biliverdin reductase-A promotes brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer disease: A new paradigm. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 91:127-42. [PMID: 26698666 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies suggest a link between peripheral insulin resistance and cognitive dysfunction. Interestingly, post-mortem analyses of Alzheimer disease (AD) subjects demonstrated insulin resistance in the brain proposing a role for cognitive deficits observed in AD. However, the mechanisms responsible for the onset of brain insulin resistance (BIR) need further elucidations. Biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) emerged as a unique Ser/Thr/Tyr kinase directly involved in the insulin signaling and represents an up-stream regulator of the insulin signaling cascade. Because we previously demonstrated the oxidative stress (OS)-induced impairment of BVR-A in human AD brain, we hypothesize that BVR-A dysregulation could be associated with the onset of BIR in AD. In the present work, we longitudinally analyze the age-dependent changes of (i) BVR-A protein levels and activation, (ii) total oxidative stress markers levels (PC, HNE, 3-NT) as well as (iii) IR/IRS1 levels and activation in the hippocampus of the triple transgenic model of AD (3xTg-AD) mice. Furthermore, ad hoc experiments have been performed in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to clarify the molecular mechanism(s) underlying changes observed in mice. Our results show that OS-induced impairment of BVR-A kinase activity is an early event, which starts prior the accumulation of Aβ and tau pathology or the elevation of TNF-α, and that greatly contribute to the onset of BIR along the progression of AD pathology in 3xTg-Ad mice. Based on these evidence we, therefore, propose a new paradigm for which: OS-induced impairment of BVR-A is firstly responsible for a sustained activation of IRS1, which then causes the stimulation of negative feedback mechanisms (i.e. mTOR) aimed to turn-off IRS1 hyper-activity and thus BIR. Similar alterations characterize also the normal aging process in mice, positing BVR-A impairment as a possible bridge in the transition from normal aging to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Salud, Avenida Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Angelo Lavecchia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Raffaella Coccia
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Markey Cancer Center, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA.
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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Di Domenico F, Pupo G, Giraldo E, Badìa MC, Monllor P, Lloret A, Schininà ME, Giorgi A, Cini C, Tramutola A, Butterfield DA, Viña J, Perluigi M. Oxidative signature of cerebrospinal fluid from mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease patients. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 91:1-9. [PMID: 26675344 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies suggest that pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain begin around 10-20 years before the onset of cognitive impairment. Biomarkers that can support early diagnosis and predict development of dementia would, therefore, be crucial for patient care and evaluation of drug efficacy. Although cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ42, tau, and p-tau are well-established diagnostic biomarkers of AD, there is an urgent need to identify additional molecular alterations of neuronal function that can be evaluated at the systemic level. OBJECTIVES This study was focused on the analysis of oxidative stress-related modifications of the CSF proteome, from subjects with AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). METHODS A targeted proteomics approach has been employed to discover novel CSF biomarkers that can augment the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of current leading CSF biomarkers. CSF samples from aMCI, AD and control individuals (CTR) were collected and analyzed using a combined redox proteomics approach to identify the specific oxidatively modified proteins in AD and aMCI compared with controls. RESULTS The majority of carbonylated proteins identified by redox proteomics are found early in the progression of AD, i.e., oxidatively modified CSF proteins were already present in aMCI compared with controls and remain oxidized in AD, thus suggesting that dysfunction of selected proteins initiate many years before severe dementia is diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS The above findings highlight the presence of early oxidative damage in aMCI before clinical dementia of AD is manifested. The identification of early markers of AD that may be detected peripherally may open new prospective for biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Pupo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Esther Giraldo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari-Carmen Badìa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Monllor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Lloret
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alessandra Giorgi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - D Allan Butterfield
- Sanders-Brown Centre of Aging, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - José Viña
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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Tramutola A, Lanzillotta C, Arena A, Barone E, Perluigi M, Di Domenico F. Increased Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Contributes to the Accumulation of Protein Oxidative Damage in a Mouse Model of Down's Syndrome. NEURODEGENER DIS 2015; 16:62-8. [PMID: 26606243 DOI: 10.1159/000441419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by increased levels of oxidative stress and an altered mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/autophagy axis; however, the mutual relationship between these two events is controversial. Previous studies in Down's syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggested that the accumulation of protein oxidative damage results from the increased free radical production, mainly related to metabolic alterations, mitochondrial degeneration and amyloid-β deposition, and aberrant activity of protein degradative systems. SUMMARY This study analyzed mTOR signaling in Ts65Dn mice, a model of DS, at 6 and 12 months of age compared with euploid mice showing the early aberrant hyperphosphorylation of mTOR coupled with the reduction of autophagosome formation. Moreover, the evaluation of protein oxidation shows an increase in protein nitration and protein-bound 4-hydroxynonenal in 12-month-old Ts65Dn mice suggesting the potential involvement of altered autophagy in the buildup of protein oxidative damage. In addition, data obtained on cell culture support the protective role of autophagy in reducing protein oxidation. KEY MESSAGES Overall, this study provides further evidence for the role of mTOR hyperactivation and reduced autophagy in the accumulation of protein oxidative damage during DS and AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Triplett JC, Tramutola A, Swomley A, Kirk J, Grimes K, Lewis K, Orr M, Rodriguez K, Cai J, Klein JB, Perluigi M, Buffenstein R, Butterfield DA. Age-related changes in the proteostasis network in the brain of the naked mole-rat: Implications promoting healthy longevity. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015; 1852:2213-24. [PMID: 26248058 PMCID: PMC4845741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The naked mole-rat (NMR) is the longest-lived rodent and possesses several exceptional traits: marked cancer resistance, negligible senescence, prolonged genomic integrity, pronounced proteostasis, and a sustained health span. The underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to these extraordinary attributes are currently under investigation to gain insights that may conceivably promote and extend human health span and lifespan. The ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosomal systems play a vital role in eliminating cellular detritus to maintain proteostasis and have been previously shown to be more robust in NMRs when compared with shorter-lived rodents. Using a 2-D PAGE proteomics approach, differential expression and phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in proteostasis networks were evaluated in the brains of NMRs in an age-dependent manner. We identified 9 proteins with significantly altered levels and/or phosphorylation states that have key roles involved in proteostasis networks. To further investigate the possible role that autophagy may play in maintaining cellular proteostasis, we examined aspects of the PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis as well as levels of Beclin-1, LC3-I, and LC3-II in the brain of the NMR as a function of age. Together, these results show that NMRs maintain high levels of autophagy throughout the majority of their lifespan and may contribute to the extraordinary health span of these rodents. The potential of augmenting human health span via activating the proteostasis network will require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy C Triplett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aaron Swomley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - Jessime Kirk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - Kelly Grimes
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States
| | - Kaitilyn Lewis
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States
| | - Miranda Orr
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States
| | - Karl Rodriguez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Nephrology and Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Jon B Klein
- Department of Nephrology and Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, United States.
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States.
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Ianniello RG, Ricciardi A, Parente E, Tramutola A, Reale A, Zotta T. Aeration and supplementation with heme and menaquinone affect survival to stresses and antioxidant capability of Lactobacillus casei strains. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Tramutola A, Triplett JC, Di Domenico F, Niedowicz DM, Murphy MP, Coccia R, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. Alteration of mTOR signaling occurs early in the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD): analysis of brain from subjects with pre-clinical AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment and late-stage AD. J Neurochem 2015; 133:739-49. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Judy C. Triplett
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kentucky; Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Dana M. Niedowicz
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; University of Kentucky; Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; University of Kentucky; Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Raffaella Coccia
- Department of Biochemical Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kentucky; Lexington Kentucky USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; University of Kentucky; Lexington Kentucky USA
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Ricciardi A, Parente E, Tramutola A, Guidone A, Ianniello RG, Pavlidis D, Tsakalidou E, Zotta T. Evaluation of a differential medium for the preliminary identification of members of the Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei groups. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-1004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Di Domenico F, Pupo G, Tramutola A, Giorgi A, Schininà ME, Coccia R, Head E, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M. Redox proteomics analysis of HNE-modified proteins in Down syndrome brain: clues for understanding the development of Alzheimer disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:270-280. [PMID: 24675226 PMCID: PMC4686229 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, due to partial or complete triplication of chromosome 21. DS subjects are characterized by a number of abnormalities including premature aging and development of Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology after approximately 40 years of age. Several studies show that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of neurodegeneration in the DS population. Increased lipid peroxidation is one of the main events causing redox imbalance within cells through the formation of toxic aldehydes that easily react with DNA, lipids, and proteins. In this study we used a redox proteomics approach to identify specific targets of 4-hydroxynonenal modifications in the frontal cortex from DS cases with and without AD pathology. We suggest that a group of identified proteins followed a specific pattern of oxidation in DS vs young controls, probably indicating characteristic features of the DS phenotype; a second group of identified proteins showed increased oxidation in DS/AD vs DS, thus possibly playing a role in the development of AD. The third group of comparison, DS/AD vs old controls, identified proteins that may be considered specific markers of AD pathology. All the identified proteins are involved in important biological functions including intracellular quality control systems, cytoskeleton network, energy metabolism, and antioxidant response. Our results demonstrate that oxidative damage is an early event in DS, as well as dysfunctions of protein-degradation systems and cellular protective pathways, suggesting that DS subjects are more vulnerable to oxidative damage accumulation that might contribute to AD development. Further, considering that the majority of proteins have been already demonstrated to be oxidized in AD brain, our results strongly support similarities with AD in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Pupo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giorgi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Coccia
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA; Department of Chemistry and Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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50
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Perluigi M, Pupo G, Tramutola A, Cini C, Coccia R, Barone E, Head E, Butterfield DA, Di Domenico F. Neuropathological role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in Down syndrome brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1144-53. [PMID: 24735980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability characterized by the presence of three copies of chromosome 21 (Chr21). Individuals with DS have sufficient neuropathology for a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) after the age of 40years. The aim of our study is to gain new insights in the molecular mechanisms impaired in DS subjects that eventually lead to the development of dementia. We evaluate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in the frontal cortex from DS cases (under the age of 40years) and DS with AD neuropathology compared with age-matched controls (Young and Old). The PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis may control several key pathways involved in AD that, if aberrantly regulated, affect amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and tau phosphorylation. Our results show a hyperactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in individuals with DS, with and without AD pathology, in comparison with respective controls. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR deregulation results in decreased autophagy, inhibition of IRS1 and GSK3β activity. Moreover, our data suggest that aberrant activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis acts in parallel to RCAN1 in phosphorylating tau, in DS and DS/AD. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the neuropathological mechanisms that may be engaged during the development of AD in DS. We suggest that deregulation of this signaling cascade is already evident in young DS cases and persist in the presence of AD pathology. The impairment of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in DS population might represent a key-contributing factor to the neurodegenerative process that culminates in Alzheimer-like dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Pupo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Coccia
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA; Department of Chemistry and Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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