1
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Rahnama H, Moradi AB, Moradi F, Noormohamadi N. Compositional and Morphological Analysis of Salt Stress Tolerant Mannitol-1-phosphate Dehydrogenase (mtlD)-Transgenic Potato Plants. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:670-675. [PMID: 37801204 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Undesired effects often occur in genetically modified (GM) plants, especially during metabolite engineering. Nevertheless, conducting a comparative study between GM and non-GM plants can identify the unintended alterations and facilitate the risk assessment of GM crops. This research compared the morphology and composition of a transgenic potato plant expressing mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mtlD), with its non-transgenic counterpart. The results indicated significant differences in plant height, number of leaves, length and width of leaves, as well as tuber number and weight between the transgenic and non-transgenic plants. However, compositional analysis revealed no significant differences in soluble protein, starch, total sugar, fructose, fiber, and ascorbate contents between mtlD-GM and non-GM potatoes. Nevertheless, sucrose and glucose levels were found to be higher in the transgenic potato tubers and leaves, respectively, when compared to the non-transgenic plants. In addition to ammonium, potassium, chloride, nitrite, and nitrate levels, significant differences were observed in the amino acids asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, serine, and valine between the GM and non-GM plants. Apart from the target gene product, mannitol, all the changes in chemical compositions observed in the transgenic potato plants fell within the ranges of normal variability for potato plants. Moreover, despite some phenotypical differences between the mtlD-GM potato and its non-GM counterpart, it is believed that this variation is a common phenomenon among potato varieties. In conclusion, the morphological and compositional analysis of the mtlD-GM potato plant revealed substantial equivalence with its non-transgenic counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rahnama
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Amir Bahram Moradi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Foad Moradi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Noormohamadi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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2
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Movahedi A, Aghaei-Dargiri S, Li H, Zhuge Q, Sun W. CRISPR Variants for Gene Editing in Plants: Biosafety Risks and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16241. [PMID: 38003431 PMCID: PMC10671001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR genome editing technology is a crucial tool for enabling revolutionary advancements in plant genetic improvement. This review shows the latest developments in CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system variants, discussing their benefits and limitations for plant improvement. While this technology presents immense opportunities for plant breeding, it also raises serious biosafety concerns that require careful consideration, including potential off-target effects and the unintended transfer of modified genes to other organisms. This paper highlights strategies to mitigate biosafety risks and explores innovative plant gene editing detection methods. Our review investigates the international biosafety guidelines for gene-edited crops, analyzing their broad implications for agricultural and biotechnology research and advancement. We hope to provide illuminating and refined perspectives for industry practitioners and policymakers by evaluating CRISPR genome enhancement in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Movahedi
- Department of Biology and the Environment, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Soheila Aghaei-Dargiri
- Department of Biological Control Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran 19858-13111, Iran
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Biology and the Environment, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qiang Zhuge
- Department of Biology and the Environment, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weibo Sun
- Department of Biology and the Environment, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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3
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Ogawa T, Kato K, Asuka H, Sugioka Y, Mochizuki T, Nishiuchi T, Miyahara T, Kodama H, Ohta D. Multi-omics Analyses of Non-GM Tomato Scion Engrafted on GM Rootstocks. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2023; 11:41-53. [PMID: 37745161 PMCID: PMC10514396 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.d-23-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Grafting has been widely applied in agricultural production in order to utilize agriculturally valuable traits. The use of genetically modified (GM) plants for grafting with non-GM crops will soon be implemented to generate chimeric plants (transgrafting)*, and the non-GM edible portions thus obtained could fall outside of the current legal regulations. A number of metabolites and macromolecules are reciprocally exchanged between scion and rootstock, affecting the crop properties as food. Accordingly, the potential risks associated with grafting, particularly those related to transgrafting with GM plants, should be carefully evaluated based on scientific evidence. In this study, we prepared a hetero-transgraft line composed of non-GM tomato scion and GM-tobacco rootstock expressing firefly luciferase. We also prepared a homograft line (both rootstock and scion are from non-GM tomato) and a heterograft line (non-GM tobacco rootstock and non-GM tomato scion). The non-GM tomato fruits were harvested from these grafted lines and subjected to comprehensive characterization by multi-omics analysis. Proteomic analysis detected tobacco-derived proteins from both heterograft and hetero-transgraft lines, suggesting protein transfer from the tobacco rootstock to the tomato fruits. No allergenicity information is available for these two tobacco-derived proteins. The transcript levels of the genes encoding two allergenic tomato intrinsic proteins (Sola l 4.0101 and Sola l 4.0201) decreased in the heterograft and hetero-transgraft lines. Several differences were observed in the metabolic profiles, including α-tomatine and nicotine. The accumulation of tobacco-derived nicotine in the tomato fruits of both heterograft and hetero-transgraft lines indicated that the transfer of unfavorable metabolites from rootstock to scion should be assessed as a food safety concern. Further investigations are needed to clarify whether variable environmental conditions and growth periods may influence the qualities of the non-GM edible parts produced by such transgrafted plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University,
1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka
Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kanae Kato
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka
Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Harue Asuka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka
Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugioka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka
Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University,
1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka
Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and
Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
- Division of Integrated Omics Research, Bioscience Core Facility,
Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, 13-1
Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Taira Miyahara
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 1-33
Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kodama
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 1-33
Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Daisaku Ohta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University,
1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka
Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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4
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Li S, Zhou Q, Zhang L, Zhang S, Zhou X, Wu C, Qian ZY. A 90-day rodent feeding study with grain for genetically modified maize L4 conferring insect resistance and glyphosate tolerance. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113733. [PMID: 36966880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
A 90-day rat feeding study was performed to conduct a safety assessment on L4, a multi-gene genetically modified maize, conferring "Bt" insect resistance and glyphosate tolerance. A total of 140 Wistar rats were assigned to seven groups, 10 animals/group/sex, which comprised three genetically modified groups fed diets containing different concentrations of L4, three corresponding non-genetically modified groups fed diets containing different concentrations of zheng58 (parent plants), and a basal diet group fed the standard basal diet for 13 weeks. The fed diets contained L4 and Zheng58 at w/w% percentages of 12.5%, 25.0%, and 50% of the total. Animals were evaluated on some research parameters, including general behaviour, body weight/gain, feed consumption/efficiency, ophthalmology, clinical pathology, organ weights, and histopathology. Throughout the feeding trial, all animals were in good condition. No mortality and no biologically relevant effects or toxicologically significant alterations were observed in the total research parameters of the rats in the genetically modified groups compared with those in the basal diet group or their corresponding non-genetically modified groups. No adverse effects were observed in any of the animals. The results indicated that L4 is as safe and wholesome as conventional, non-genetically modified control maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Yinghua Liu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Shufei Li
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Qinghong Zhou
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Zhi Yong Qian
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China.
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5
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Shcherban AB. Plant genome modification: from induced mutagenesis to genome editing. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:684-696. [DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Shcherban
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS
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6
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xu W, Li R, Zhang D, Yang L. Development and performance evaluation of whole-genome sequencing with paired-end and mate-pair strategies in molecular characterization of GM crops: One GM rice 114-7-2 line as an example. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100061. [PMID: 35415698 PMCID: PMC8991703 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Basic data for the safety assessment of transgenic line involves the molecular characterization of the integration site of exogenous DNA, flanking sequences, copy number, and unintended plasmid backbone residues. However, performing a full molecular characterization remains challenging, especially for GMOs that possess complex exogenous DNA integrations. We established two whole-genome sequencing strategies: paired-end and mate-pair, to characterize the exogenous DNA integration of a human serum albumin gene into rice line 114-7-2, and evaluated the performance of these two strategies in the molecular characterization of transgenic line. The results showed the existence of two exogenous DNA insertion loci (Chr 01 and Chr 04) and their corresponding flanking sequences, five copies of the exogenous rHSA gene, and the presence of unintended residual plasmid backbone sequences. However, the WGS-MP strategy demonstrated higher efficiency, lower cost, and lower background noise compared with the WGS-PE analysis, especially for identification of the exogenous DNA integration site.
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Key Words
- BHQ, black hole quencher
- CTAB, Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide
- FAM, 6-carboxyfluorescein
- GM rice line 114-7-2
- GMO, genetically modified organism
- ISAAA, International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications
- MP, mate-pair
- Mate pair
- Molecular characterization
- NGS, Next-generation sequencing
- NOS, nopaline synthase
- PE, paired-end
- Paired-end
- WGS, whole-genome sequencing
- WT, Wild type
- Whole-genome sequencing
- ddPCR, Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rong Li
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Litao Yang
- National Center for the Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Organisms, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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7
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Dong S, He K, Guan L, Shi Q, Wu J, Feng J, Yang W, Shi X. Construction and Characterization of a Single-Chain Variable Fragment (scFv) for the Detection of Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac Toxins from the Anti-Cry1Ab Monoclonal Antibody. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Mullins E, Bresson J, Dalmay T, Dewhurst IC, Epstein MM, George Firbank L, Guerche P, Hejatko J, Naegeli H, Nogué F, Rostoks N, Sánchez Serrano JJ, Savoini G, Veromann E, Veronesi F, Fernandez Dumont A, Moreno FJ. Scientific Opinion on development needs for the allergenicity and protein safety assessment of food and feed products derived from biotechnology. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07044. [PMID: 35106091 PMCID: PMC8787593 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This Scientific Opinion addresses the formulation of specific development needs, including research requirements for allergenicity assessment and protein safety, in general, which is urgently needed in a world that demands more sustainable food systems. Current allergenicity risk assessment strategies are based on the principles and guidelines of the Codex Alimentarius for the safety assessment of foods derived from 'modern' biotechnology initially published in 2003. The core approach for the safety assessment is based on a 'weight-of-evidence' approach because no single piece of information or experimental method provides sufficient evidence to predict allergenicity. Although the Codex Alimentarius and EFSA guidance documents successfully addressed allergenicity assessments of single/stacked event GM applications, experience gained and new developments in the field call for a modernisation of some key elements of the risk assessment. These should include the consideration of clinical relevance, route of exposure and potential threshold values of food allergens, the update of in silico tools used with more targeted databases and better integration and standardisation of test materials and in vitro/in vivo protocols. Furthermore, more complex future products will likely challenge the overall practical implementation of current guidelines, which were mainly targeted to assess a few newly expressed proteins. Therefore, it is timely to review and clarify the main purpose of the allergenicity risk assessment and the vital role it plays in protecting consumers' health. A roadmap to (re)define the allergenicity safety objectives and risk assessment needs will be required to inform a series of key questions for risk assessors and risk managers such as 'what is the purpose of the allergenicity risk assessment?' or 'what level of confidence is necessary for the predictions?'.
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9
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Shokravi H, Shokravi Z, Heidarrezaei M, Ong HC, Rahimian Koloor SS, Petrů M, Lau WJ, Ismail AF. Fourth generation biofuel from genetically modified algal biomass: Challenges and future directions. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131535. [PMID: 34329137 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering applications in the field of biofuel are rapidly expanding due to their potential to boost biomass productivity while lowering its cost and enhancing its quality. Recently, fourth-generation biofuel (FGB), which is biofuel obtained from genetically modified (GM) algae biomass, has gained considerable attention from academic and industrial communities. However, replacing fossil resources with FGB is still beset with many challenges. Most notably, technical aspects of genetic modification operations need to be more fully articulated and elaborated. However, relatively little attention has been paid to GM algal biomass. There is a limited number of reviews on the progress and challenges faced in the algal genetics of FGB. Therefore, the present review aims to fill this gap in the literature by recapitulating the findings of recent studies and achievements on safe and efficient genetic manipulation in the production of FGB. Then, the essential issues and parameters related to genome editing in algal strains are highlighted. Finally, the main challenges to FGB pertaining to the diffusion risk and regulatory frameworks are addressed. This review concluded that the technical and biosafety aspects of FGB, as well as the complexity and diversity of the related regulations, legitimacy concerns, and health and environmental risks, are among the most important challenges that require a strong commitment at the national/international levels to reach a global consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoofar Shokravi
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zahra Shokravi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran, Markazi, Iran
| | - Mahshid Heidarrezaei
- School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Centre for Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies, and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentska 2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Petrů
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies, and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentska 2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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10
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Zhao P, Huang X, Tao H, Li Y, Sun L, Hu J. The antibody orientational labeled by StaphylococcusA protein improve the sensitivity of Gold Immunochromatography Assay. Anal Biochem 2021; 641:114403. [PMID: 34610335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The antibody of Cry1Ab-51 was immobilized orientationly in a simple and effective way on Colloidal gold nanoparticles(CGNP) by The staphylococcal protein A(SPA) affinity with the FC fragement of mouse IgG.The lateral flow detection test strip assembled with the probe by orientational labeled method at the optimum operational conditons (new probe) is 10 times more sensitive than the test strip assembled with the probe labeled by Adsorption(conventionally probe). The affinity experiment have shown that the affinity of the new probe is much higher than the conventionally probe. The Immunochromatography gold strip(ICG strip) assembled by the new probe was highly specific to Cry1Ab with no cross-reaction with other transgenic proteins. And it was proved that the specificity of the new probe have no significant change. Furthermore, the ICG strips assembled by the new probe could be stored for 12 months under dry conditions without significant loss of sensitivity.The Orientational labeling the antibodies with Staphylococcus A protein on Colloidal gold proved to be suitable for improving the sensitivity of the ICG strips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Zhao
- Shaanxi Province Research Center of Cell Immunological Engineering and Technology, Central Lab of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Haiqiang Tao
- Shaanxi HaiNa Bio-tech Co. Ltd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Shaanxi Province Research Center of Cell Immunological Engineering and Technology, Central Lab of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Shaanxi Province Research Center of Cell Immunological Engineering and Technology, Central Lab of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Shaanxi Province Research Center of Cell Immunological Engineering and Technology, Central Lab of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
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11
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van Ree R, Sapiter Ballerda D, Berin MC, Beuf L, Chang A, Gadermaier G, Guevera PA, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Islamovic E, Koski L, Kough J, Ladics GS, McClain S, McKillop KA, Mitchell-Ryan S, Narrod CA, Pereira Mouriès L, Pettit S, Poulsen LK, Silvanovich A, Song P, Teuber SS, Bowman C. The COMPARE Database: A Public Resource for Allergen Identification, Adapted for Continuous Improvement. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:700533. [PMID: 35386979 PMCID: PMC8974746 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.700533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation: The availability of databases identifying allergenic proteins via a transparent and consensus-based scientific approach is of prime importance to support the safety review of genetically-modified foods and feeds, and public safety in general. Over recent years, screening for potential new allergens sequences has become more complex due to the exponential increase of genomic sequence information. To address these challenges, an international collaborative scientific group coordinated by the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI), was tasked to develop a contemporary, adaptable, high-throughput process to build the COMprehensive Protein Allergen REsource (COMPARE) database, a publicly accessible allergen sequence data resource along with bioinformatics analytical tools following guidelines of FAO/WHO and CODEX Alimentarius Commission. Results: The COMPARE process is novel in that it involves the identification of candidate sequences via automated keyword-based sorting algorithm and manual curation of the annotated sequence entries retrieved from public protein sequence databases on a yearly basis; its process is meant for continuous improvement, with updates being transparently documented with each version; as a complementary approach, a yearly key-word based search of literature databases is added to identify new allergen sequences that were not (yet) submitted to protein databases; in addition, comments from the independent peer-review panel are posted on the website to increase transparency of decision making; finally, sequence comparison capabilities associated with the COMPARE database was developed to evaluate the potential allergenicity of proteins, based on internationally recognized guidelines, FAO/WHO and CODEX Alimentarius Commission
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald van Ree
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dexter Sapiter Ballerda
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (JIFSAN), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - M. Cecilia Berin
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laurent Beuf
- Limagrain Field Seeds, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, Chappes, France
| | - Alexander Chang
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (JIFSAN), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Gabriele Gadermaier
- Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Paul A. Guevera
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (JIFSAN), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | | | - Emir Islamovic
- Regulatory Science Seeds and Traits, BASF Corporation, Morrisville, NC, United States
| | - Liisa Koski
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI), Washington, DC, United States
| | - John Kough
- Office of Pesticide Programs, Microbial Pesticides Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Scott McClain
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Kyle A. McKillop
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (JIFSAN), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | | | - Clare A. Narrod
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (JIFSAN), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Lucilia Pereira Mouriès
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI), Washington, DC, United States
- *Correspondence: Lucilia Pereira Mouriès
| | - Syril Pettit
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Lars K. Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andre Silvanovich
- Bayer U.S., Crop Science Regulatory Science Building FF4, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Ping Song
- Seeds Regulatory Science, Corteva Agriscience LLC, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Suzanne S. Teuber
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Davis, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, CA, United States
| | - Christal Bowman
- Formerly: Human Safety Regulatory Toxicology, Bayer CropScience LP, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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12
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Adeyeye SAO, Ashaolu TJ, Bolaji OT, Abegunde TA, Omoyajowo AO. Africa and the Nexus of poverty, malnutrition and diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:641-656. [PMID: 34259104 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1952160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the nexus of poverty, malnutrition and diseases in Africa, the challenges, implications and their mitigation. The paper takes a critical look at available literatures on the primary causes, modes, implications and solutions to the problems of poverty, malnutrition and diseases in Africa continent. Poverty and malnutrition are outcomes of uncontrolled rapid population growth, inefficient agricultural and industrial practices, high debt profile of many African countries due to poor governance and corruption, diseases such as AIDS epidemic, malaria, Ebola virus and COVID-19 pandemic, poor and inadequate health infrastructure and armed conflicts. African poverty scenario entails non-availability of basic human needs which makes many Africans to be very poor. Despite abundance of natural resources, the gross domestic product per capita of many African countries is among the lowest of list of nations of the world. According United Nation in 2009, 22 of 24 nations among the "Low Human Development" nations of the world on the UN's Human Development Index were found in sub-Saharan Africa. Out of the 50 countries on the United Nation list of least developed countries, 34 of them were in Africa. According to FAO data over 200 million people in sub-Saharan Africa were undernourished in 2014-2016. The prevalence of undernourishment in sub-Saharan Africa rose from 181 million in 2010 to 222 million in 2016. In 2016, Africa had the highest prevalence of undernourishment in the world and estimated to be 20% of the population. While this was alarming in Eastern Africa where one-third of the population is suspected to be undernourished. In a similar data, World Bank also found that sub-Saharan Africa Poverty and Equity Data was 47% with over 500 million people in abject poverty in 2012. Poverty is the major cause of hunger and malnutrition in Africa while hunger and malnutrition escalated the problem of diseases in African continent. Poverty has continued to torment Africa as a result of poor and harmful economic policies, conflict and war, environmental factors like drought and climate change and population growth, poor leadership and greed. With the advent of COVID-19, the problem of poverty, malnutrition and diseases has been escalated and in many African countries people find it difficult to make ends meet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ayofemi O Adeyeye
- Department of Food Technology, Hindustan Institute of Technology & Science, Hindustan University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tolulope J Ashaolu
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.,Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Olusola T Bolaji
- Department of Food Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Nigeria
| | | | - Adetola O Omoyajowo
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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13
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Dong S, Guan L, He K, Yang W, Deng W, Yuan S, Feng J. Screening of anti-idiotypic domain antibody from phage library for development of Bt Cry1A simulants. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1346-1351. [PMID: 34004200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-idiotypic antibody technique is a new approach for the rapid development of insecticidal protein. In this study, anti-Cry1A polyclonal antibodies were used as antigen to screen the anti-idiotypic antibody that can simulate Cry1A toxins from a phage display human domain antibody (DAB) library. After four rounds of panning, five positive clones that have binding activities with anti-Cry1A polyclonal antibodies were obtained. Indirect competitive ELISA (IC-ELISA) results showed that the positive clone D6 showed significant inhibition for the binding of Cry1A toxins with anti-Cry1A polyclonal antibodies, and the inhibition ratio increased with the increase of D6 content. While, B3, F4, G5, C7 and the controls showed no obvious inhibition to Cry1A toxins. The results suggest that D6 is the "β" subtype anti-idiotypic antibody, which can simulate Cry1A toxins and competitive binding with anti-Cry1A polyclonal antibodies. Meanwhile, D6 had certain binding activity with the brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) of p. xylostella, which was the receptor of Cry1A toxins. The results of bioassay showed that D6 had certain insecticidal activity, and the lethal concentration of 50% (LC50) was 976 ng/cm2. This study provides basic materials and experience for the development of Cry toxin simulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Dong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China.
| | - Lingjun Guan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Kangli He
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Deng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuzhong Yuan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China.
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Engineered Maize Hybrids with Diverse Carotenoid Profiles and Potential Applications in Animal Feeding. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33783733 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-7360-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Multi-gene transformation methods need to be able to introduce multiple transgenes into plants in order to reconstitute a transgenic locus where the introduced genes express in a coordinated manner and do not segregate in subsequent generations. This simultaneous multiple gene transfer enables the study and modulation of the entire metabolic pathways and the elucidation of complex genetic control circuits and regulatory hierarchies. We used combinatorial nuclear transformation to produce multiplex-transgenic maize plants. In proof of principle experiments, we co-expressed five carotenogenic genes in maize endosperm. The resulting combinatorial transgenic maize plant population, equivalent to a "mutant series," allowed us to identify and complement rate-limiting steps in the extended endosperm carotenoid pathway and to recover corn plants with extraordinary levels of β-carotene and other nutritionally important carotenoids. We then introgressed the induced (transgenic) carotenoid pathway in a transgenic line accumulating high levels of nutritionally important carotenoids into a wild-type yellow-endosperm variety with a high β:ε ratio. Novel hybrids accumulated zeaxanthin at unprecedented amounts. We introgressed the same pathway into a different yellow corn line with a low β:ε ratio. The resulting hybrids, in this case, had a very different carotenoid profile. The role of genetic background in determining carotenoid profiles in corn was elucidated, and further rate-limiting steps in the pathway were identified and resolved in hybrids. Astaxanthin accumulation was engineered by overexpression of a β-carotene ketolase in maize endosperm. In early experiments, limited astaxanthin accumulation in transgenic maize plants was attributed to a bottleneck in the conversion of adonixanthin (4-ketozeaxanthin) to astaxanthin. More recent experiments showed that a synthetic β-carotene ketolase with a superior β-carotene/zeaxanthin ketolase activity is critical for the high-yield production of astaxanthin in maize endosperm. Engineered lines were used in animal feeding experiments which demonstrated not only the safety of the engineered lines but also their efficacy in a range of different animal production applications.
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15
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Liu Y, Wang W, Li Y, Liu F, Han W, Li J. Transcriptomic and proteomic responses to brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in cultivated and Bt-transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) and wild rice (O. rufipogon). J Proteomics 2020; 232:104051. [PMID: 33217583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Strategies are still employed to reduce insect damage in crop production, including conventional breeding with wild germplasm resources and transgenic technology with foreign genes' insertion. Cultivated and Bt-transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) and two ecotypes of wild rice (O. rufipogon) were treated by a 72 h feeding of brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens). Under the feeding of N. lugens, compared with the cultivated rice (568 and 4), more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified in transgenic rice (2098 and 11) and two wild ecotypes (1990, 39 and 1932, 25, respectively). The iTRAQ analysis showed 79 DAPs and confirmed the results of RNA-seq, which showed the least GO terms and KEGG pathways responding to herbivory in the cultivated rice. DAPs significantly enriched two GO terms that are related with Bph14 and Bph33 genes in rice. Most of DEGs and DAPs were related to plant biological processes of plant-pathogen interaction and plant hormone signal transduction, and hormone signaling and transcription factors regulate the immune response of rice to BPH. Our results demonstrated the similarity in the wild rice and Bt-transgenic rice for their transcriptomic and proteomic response to herbivory, while cultivated rice lacked enough pathways in response to herbivory. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The iTRAQ analysis and RNA-seq were employed 39 to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) in seedlings of cultivated, Bt-transgenic and two wild rice ecotypes under feeding of brown plant hopper. Wild rice showed DEGs and DAPs related to biochemical pathways of plant pathogen interactions and plant hormone signal transductions, while cultivated rice lacked enough pathways in response to herbivory. Crop domestication weakened the response of plants to herbivory, while the insertion of Bt gene might promote the response of plants to herbivory. Growing environment plays an important role in regulating gene networks of plant response to herbivory. Our results highlighted the importance of conservation of crop wild species. SIGNIFICANCE: Insect damage is one of main factors in reducing agricultural production, and technologies and methods were employed to control insect pests in agricultural systems. Transgenic technology is developed to produce insect-resistant crops, but receive concerns on biosafety risks. Alternatively, crop wild species are important genetic resource in crop breeding to produce trait-specific varieties. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of plant response to herbivory in wild, Bt-transgenic and cultivated rice, and found crop domestication weakened the response of plants to herbivory. The insertion of foreign Bt gene may promote the expression of other genes. In addition, our results showed growing environment plays an important role in regulating gene networks of plant response to herbivory. These results highlight the importance of wild species conservation, with the strategy of in situ conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, CAS, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Weijuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Junsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Pachapur PK, Pachapur VL, Brar SK, Galvez R, Le Bihan Y, Surampalli RY. Food Security and Sustainability. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119434016.ch17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Dong S, Gao M, Bo Z, Guan L, Hu X, Zhang H, Liu B, Li P, He K, Liu X, Zhang C. Production and characterization of a single-chain variable fragment antibody from a site-saturation mutagenesis library derived from the anti-Cry1A monoclonal antibody. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:60-69. [PMID: 31954781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There are plenty of applications of Cry1A toxins (Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac) in genetically modified crops, and it is necessary to establish corresponding detection methods. In this study, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) with high affinities to Cry1A toxins was produced. First, the variable regions of heavy (VH) and light chain (VL) were amplified from hybridoma cell 5B5 which secrete anti-Cry1A monoclonal antibody (mAb) and then spliced into scFv-5B5 by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (SOE-PCR). Subsequently, site-saturation mutagenesis was performed after homology modeling and molecular docking, which showed that asparagine35, phenylalanine36, isoleucine104, tyrosine105, and serine196, respectively, located in VH complementarity-determining region (CDR1 and CDR3) and VL framework region (FR3) were key amino acid sites. Then, the mutagenesis scFv library (1.35 × 105 CFU/mL) was constructed and a mutant scFv-2G12 with equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) value of 9.819 × 10-9 M against Cry1Ab toxin, which was lower than scFv-5B5 (2.025 × 10-8 M) was obtained by biopanning. Then, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 4.6-9.2 and 11.1-17.1 ng mL-1 respectively for scFv-2G12, which were lower than scFv-5B5 (12.4-22.0 and 23.6-39.7 ng mL-1). Results indicated the promising prospect of scFv-2G12 used for the detection of Cry1A toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Dong
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China; College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Meijing Gao
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zongyi Bo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Lingjun Guan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hanxiaoya Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Pan Li
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Kangli He
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, PR China.
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18
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Giraldo PA, Shinozuka H, Spangenberg GC, Cogan NO, Smith KF. Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Feed: Is There Any Difference From Food? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1592. [PMID: 31921242 PMCID: PMC6918800 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Food security is one of major concerns for the growing global population. Modern agricultural biotechnologies, such as genetic modification, are a possible solution through enabling an increase of production, more efficient use of natural resources, and reduced environmental impacts. However, new crop varieties with altered genetic materials may be subjected to safety assessments to fulfil the regulatory requirements, prior to marketing. The aim of the assessment is to evaluate the impact of products from the new crop variety on human, animal, and the environmental health. Although, many studies on the risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) food have been published, little consideration to GM feedstuff has been given, despite that between 70 to 90% of all GM crops and their biomass are used as animal feed. In addition, in some GM plants such as forages that are only used for animal feeds, the assessment of the genetic modification may be of relevance only to livestock feeding. In this article, the regulatory framework of GM crops intended for animal feed is reviewed using the available information on GM food as the baseline. Although, the majority of techniques used for the safety assessment of GM food can be used in GM feed, many plant parts used for livestock feeding are inedible to humans. Therefore, the concentration of novel proteins in different plant tissues and level of exposure to GM feedstuff in the diet of target animals should be considered. A further development of specific methodologies for the assessment of GM crops intended for animal consumption is required, in order to provide a more accurate and standardized assessment to the GM feed safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Giraldo
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, The Centre for AgriBiosciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hiroshi Shinozuka
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, The Centre for AgriBiosciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - German C. Spangenberg
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, The Centre for AgriBiosciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, AgriBio, The Centre for AgriBiosciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Noel O.I. Cogan
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, The Centre for AgriBiosciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, AgriBio, The Centre for AgriBiosciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin F. Smith
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Hamilton, VIC, Australia
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19
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Bhatti F, Asad S, Khan QM, Mobeen A, Iqbal MJ, Asif M. Risk assessment of genetically modified sugarcane expressing AVP1 gene. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 130:267-275. [PMID: 31132391 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Biosafety is a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses social, societal, ethical issues and policies for the regulations of genetically modified (GM) organisms. The potential health risks associated with GM sugarcane containing AVP1 gene confers resistance against drought and salinity were evaluated by animal feeding studies and some genotoxicity assays. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity examinations were carried out via oral dose administration of GM sugarcane juice supplemented with the normal diet (modified from certified rodent standard diet) on Wistar rats. AVP1 protein concentration in sugarcane juice was 1mg/1 mL. Biochemical, haematological blood analyses were performed and the results revealed that there were non-significant differences among all the treatment groups; GM sugarcane juice, non-GM sugarcane juice and the control group (normal diet and water). Genotoxicity assessment based on the comet assay and the micronucleus assay data exhibited that AVP1 GM sugarcane was not genotoxic or cytotoxic in rat's peripheral blood. These research findings supported the conclusion that GM AVP1 sugarcane was non-toxic in experimental animals. Therefore, data generated through this research work would be helpful for the commercial release of GM AVP1 sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Bhatti
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P. O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Asad
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P. O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Qaiser Mahmood Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P. O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ameena Mobeen
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P. O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Javed Iqbal
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P. O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P. O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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20
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Bhagat YS, Bhat RS, Kolekar RM, Patil AC, Lingaraju S, Patil RV, Udikeri SS. Remusatia vivipara lectin and Sclerotium rolfsii lectin interfere with the development and gall formation activity of Meloidogyne incognita in transgenic tomato. Transgenic Res 2019; 28:299-315. [PMID: 30868351 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Root knot nematodes are serious threats to growth and yield of solaneous crops including tomato. In this study, a binary vector carrying Remusatia vivipara (rvl1) and Sclerotium rolfsii (srl1) lectin genes were introduced independently into Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Pusa Ruby via Agrobacterium tumefaciens for resistance against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. In total, one hundred and one rvl1 and srl1-transformed plants exhibiting kanamycin resistance were confirmed to carry transgenes as detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 4.59% transformation efficiency. Genetic analysis of T1 progeny confirmed Mendelian segregation of the introduced genes. Three events each of rvl1 and srl1 transgenic tomato were randomly selected for further confirmation by Southern and TAIL-PCR analyses. All three events of srl1 transgenics showed single copy transgene, whereas two rvl1 transgenic events showed single copy of transgene, while remaining event showed two copies of transgenes. Site of integration obtained for rvl1 and srl1 transgenic events by TAIL-PCR revealed that all the three events of rvl1 and srl1 transgenics differed for their site of integration and insertion sites did not contain any predicted gene. Moreover, expression of the rvl1 and srl1 transgenes was detected by haemagglutination assay in all three events of rvl1 and srl1, but not in non-transgenic tomato plant. Homozygous progenies of these events were grown and inoculated with M. incognita. Development and reproduction of M. incognita was severely affected in transgenic tomato plants expressing RVL1 and SRL1 exhibiting the high levels of resistance compared to non-transgenic plants. Therefore, these transgenic lines demonstrate a promising potential for variety development of tomato lines with enhanced resistance against M. incognita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh S Bhagat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Dharwad, 580005, India.
| | - Ramesh S Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Dharwad, 580005, India
| | - Rohini M Kolekar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Dharwad, 580005, India
| | - Ashlesha C Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - S Lingaraju
- Insititute of Organic Farming, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Dharwad, 580005, India
| | - R V Patil
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Bijapur, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 586103, India
| | - S S Udikeri
- Agriculture Research Station, Dharwad Farm, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Dharwad, 580005, India
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21
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Chinnadurai P, Stojšin D, Liu K, Frierdich GE, Glenn KC, Geng T, Schapaugh A, Huang K, Deffenbaugh AE, Liu ZL, Burzio LA. Variability of CP4 EPSPS expression in genetically engineered soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). Transgenic Res 2018; 27:511-524. [PMID: 30173346 PMCID: PMC6267263 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The expression of the CP4 EPSPS protein in genetically engineered (GE) soybean confers tolerance to the Roundup® family of agricultural herbicides. This study evaluated the variability of CP4 EPSPS expression using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in soybean tissues collected across diverse germplasm and 74 different environments in Argentina, Brazil and the USA. Evaluated material included single and combined (stacked) trait products with other GE traits in entries with cp4 epsps gene at one or two loci. The highest level of CP4 EPSPS was observed in leaf tissues, intermediate in forage and seed, and lowest in root tissues. Varieties with two loci had approximately twice the level of CP4 EPSPS expression compared to one locus entries. Variable and non-directional level of CP4 EPSPS was observed with other factors like genetic background, trait stacking, growing region or season. The maximum and average CP4 EPSPS expression levels in seed provided large margins of exposure (MOE of approximately 4000 and 11,000, respectively), mitigating concerns over exposure to this protein in food and feed from soybean varieties tolerant to Roundup® herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duška Stojšin
- Bayer Crop Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Kang Liu
- Bayer Crop Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Gregory E Frierdich
- Bayer Crop Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Kevin C Glenn
- Bayer Crop Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Tao Geng
- Bayer Crop Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Adam Schapaugh
- Bayer Crop Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Keguo Huang
- Bayer Crop Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | | | - Zi L Liu
- Bayer Crop Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Luis A Burzio
- Bayer Crop Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
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22
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Park D, Park SH, Kim YS, Choi BS, Kim JK, Kim NS, Choi IY. NGS sequencing reveals that many of the genetic variations in transgenic rice plants match the variations found in natural rice population. Genes Genomics 2018; 41:213-222. [PMID: 30406575 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the transformation process can induce mutations in host plants, molecular characterization of the associated genomic changes is important not only for practical food safety but also for understanding the fundamental theories of genome evolution. OBJECTIVES To investigate a population-scale comparative study of the genome-wide spectrum of sequence variants in the transgenic genome with the variations present in 3000 rice varieties. RESULTS On average, we identified 19,273 SNPs (including Indels) per transgenic line in which 10,729 SNPs were at the identical locations in the three transgenic rice plants. We found that these variations were predominantly present in specific regions in chromosomes 8 and 10. Majority (88%) of the identified variations were detected at the same genomic locations as those in natural rice population, implying that the transgenic induced mutations had a tendency to be common alleles. CONCLUSION Genomic variations in transgenic rice plants frequently occurred at the same sites as the major alleles found in the natural rice population, which implies that the sequence variations occur within the limits of a biological system to ensure survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doori Park
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotech Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotech Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | | | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotech Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea.
| | - Nam-Soo Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
- Institute of Bioscience and Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
| | - Ik-Young Choi
- Department of Agriculture and Life Industry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
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Development of an immunochromatographic assay for the specific detection of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ab toxin. Anal Biochem 2018; 567:1-7. [PMID: 30130490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cry1Ab has been widely used in genetically modified (GM) crops and its amino acid sequence had high identity to Cry1Ac toxin. Existing nanogold immunochromatographic strips cannot distinguish Cry1Ab from Cry1Ac toxin. In this study, a rapid (5-6 min), qualitative nanogold immunochromatographic strip was successfully developed for the specific detection of Cry1Ab toxin. The assay was based on double antibody sandwich format with the visual detection limit (vLOD) of 0.1 μg mL-1. The results of immunochromatographic assay were all positive validated against the DAS-ELISA (recoveries between 109.6 and 111.8%). In addition, 10%, 5% and 0% error probability results were found in 20 times repeated tests for Cry1Ab concentration of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 μg mL-1, respectively, demonstrating the reproducibility of the test strip. Furthermore, the test strip could be stored for 3 months under dry conditions without significant loss of sensitivity. Furthermore, the practical sample analysis results showed that the test strip was able to detect the presence of Cry1Ab in GM materials containing as low as 0.5% MON 810 Bt maize which indicated the practical value of the test strip. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection of Cry1Ab by immunochromatographic assay without interference from Cry1Ac toxin.
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Hokanson KE, Ellstrand N, Raybould A. The Integration of Science and Policy in Regulatory Decision-Making: Observations on Scientific Expert Panels Deliberating GM Crops in Centers of Diversity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1157. [PMID: 30135695 PMCID: PMC6092496 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Panels of experts with specialized knowledge and experience are often convened to identify and analyze information relevant for risk assessments of GM crops. A perspective on the use of such scientific expert panels is shared here based on panels convened to inform the regulatory strategy for three separate projects developing GM crops for cultivation in Africa: a nutritionally enhanced sorghum, an insect resistant cowpea, and a virus resistant cassava. The panels were convened specifically to consider the risks associated with gene flow from a genetically modified (GM) crop to naturally occurring 'wild' relatives of that crop. In these cases, the experts used problem formulation to identify effects that regulatory authorities may consider to be harmful ("harms") and formulate plausible scenarios that might lead to them, and the availability of information that could determine the likelihood of the steps in the pathway. These panels and the use of problem formulation worked well to gather the existing information and consider the likelihood of harm from gene flow in centers of diversity. However, one important observation from all of these cases is that it is outside the remit of such scientific expert panels to make decisions dependent on policy, such as which harms should be considered and what information should be considered essential in order for a regulatory authority to make a decision about the acceptable level of risk. These experiences of expert panels to inform GM crop risk assessment demonstrate the challenge of integrating science and policy for effective regulatory decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Hokanson
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Norman Ellstrand
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Alan Raybould
- Regulatory Science, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland
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Zou S, Lu J, Luo Y, Qi X, Delaney B, Xu W, Huang K, He X. The food safety of DP-356Ø43 soybeans on SD rats reflected by physiological variables and fecal microbiota during a 90-day feeding study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 97:144-151. [PMID: 29940211 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is an important food resource for the eastern countries and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified soybeans (GMS) were widely developed to deal with weeds problems. Unprocessed soybean flour instead of dehulled and defatted soybean meal was used to reflect the safety of soybean food in whole. Rats were given formulated diets containing DP-356Ø43 or non-GM soybean JACK at an incorporation rate of 7.5%, 15%, or 30% (w/w), respectively for 90 days. Targeted traditional toxicological response variables were measured to reflect the holistic health of animals. No treatment-related adverse or toxic effects were observed based on an examination of the daily clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, and organ weight or based on gross and histopathological examination. The results demonstrate that the soybean DP-356Ø43 is as safe for consumption as conventional soybean JACK. In the current study, the effect of a herbicide-tolerant GMS DP-356043 on identified intestinal microbiota was evaluated in a rodent feeding study compared with its conventional control JACK. Feces samples from rats consuming different diets were collected before the start of the experiment (time 0) and at monthly intervals (at the end of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd months) over the course of 90 days. Six types of bacterias shared by humans and rats were detected with Q-PCR. The results of QPCR indicated that the GMS 356Ø43 had a comparable effect on the abundance of Bifidobacterium group, Clostridium perfringens subgroup, Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides-Prevotella group as the non-GMS JACK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Zou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science &, Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically modified Organism(Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiao Lu
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science &, Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically modified Organism(Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhe Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science &, Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically modified Organism(Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | | | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science &, Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically modified Organism(Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science &, Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically modified Organism(Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science &, Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically modified Organism(Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
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26
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Xu X, Chen H, Cao Y, Lin Y, Liu J. A Novel Fluorescent Nanoparticle for Sensitive Detection of Cry1Ab Protein In Vitro and In Vivo. J Fluoresc 2018; 28:863-869. [PMID: 29992458 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of CoFe2O4 doping Ag2S dendrimer-modified nanoparticles (CoFe2O4-Ag2S DMNs) in Cry1Ab protein detection and imaging. The near-infrared Ag2S quantum dots were first prepared by using the thermal decomposition method, followed by modification of the water-soluble quantum dots using the method of solvent evaporation and ligand exchange, and finally the fluorescent magnetic bifunctional nanoparticles were obtained by binding with CoFe2O4. As-prepared CoFe2O4-Ag2S DMNs were characterized by fluorescence (FL) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results showed that Ag2S DMNs could sensitively detect Cry1Ab both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the enhanced FL intensity as a function of the concentration is notably consistent with the Langmuir binding isotherm equation in the range of 0-200 ng/mL of Cry1Ab proteins. The detection limit of this method was found to be 0.2 ng/mL. Meanwhile, the fluorescence wavelength was extended to the second near-infrared range (NIR-II, 1.0~1.4 μm), which enables in vivo imaging. This study highlights the importance of NIR QDs doping magnetic materials as a new method to trace Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in insects and their potential applications in in vivo NIR tissue imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuancheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun'an Liu
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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27
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Gardner CM, Gwin CA, Gunsch CK. A survey of crop-derived transgenes in activated and digester sludges in wastewater treatment plants in the United States. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:1810-1818. [PMID: 29676738 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of transgenic crops has become increasingly common in the United States over the last several decades. Increasing evidence suggests that DNA may be protected from enzymatic digestion and acid hydrolysis in the digestive tract, suggesting that crop-derived transgenes may enter into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) intact. Given the historical use of antibiotic resistance genes as selection markers in transgenic crop development, it is important to consider the fate of these transgenes. Herein we detected and quantified crop-derived transgenes in WWTPs. All viable US WWTP samples were found to contain multiple gene targets (p35, nos, bla and nptII) at significantly higher levels than control samples. Control wastewater samples obtained from France, where transgenic crops are not cultivated, contained significantly fewer copies of the nptII gene than US activated and digester sludges. No significant differences were measured for the bla antibiotic resistance gene (ARG). In addition, a nested PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assay was developed that targeted the bla ARG located in regions flanked by the p35 promoter and nos terminator. Overall this work suggests that transgenic crops may have provided an environmental source of nptII; however, follow-up studies are needed to ascertain the viability of these genes as they exit WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Gardner
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA E-mail: ; Present address: Duke University, Box 90287 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Carley A Gwin
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA E-mail: ; Present address: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bucknell University 1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Claudia K Gunsch
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA E-mail: ; Present address: Duke University, Box 90287 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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29
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Lu M, Jin Y, Ballmer-Weber B, Goodman RE. A comparative study of human IgE binding to proteins of a genetically modified (GM) soybean and six non-GM soybeans grown in multiple locations. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 112:216-223. [PMID: 29307601 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prior to commercialization, genetically modified (GM) crops are evaluated to determine the allergenicity of the newly expressed protein. Some regulators require an evaluation of endogenous allergens in commonly allergenic crops including soybean to determine if genetic transformation increased endogenous allergen concentrations, even asking for IgE testing using sera from individual sensitized subjects. Little is known about the variability of the expression of endogenous allergens among non-GM varieties or under different environmental conditions. We tested IgE binding to endogenous allergenic proteins in an experimental non-commercial GM line, a non-GM near-isoline control, and five non-GM commercial soybean lines replicated at three geographically separated locations. One-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) immunoblotting and ELISA were performed using serum or plasma from eleven soybean allergic patients. The results of immunoblots and ELISA showed no significant differences in IgE binding between the GM line and its non-GM near-isoline control. However, some distinct differences in IgE binding patterns were observed among the non-GM commercial soybean lines and between different locations, highlighting the inherent variability in endogenous allergenic proteins. Understanding the potential variability in the levels of endogenous allergens is necessary to establish a standard of acceptance for GM soybeans compared to non-GM soybean events and lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Yuan Jin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Barbara Ballmer-Weber
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Richard E Goodman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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30
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Ashraf A, Abd Rahman F, Abdullah N. Poultry Feed in Malaysia: An Insight into the Halalan Toyyiban Issues. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL HALAL CONFERENCE (INHAC 2016) 2018:511-531. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7257-4_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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31
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Adeyeye SAO, Adebayo-Oyetoro AO, Tiamiyu HK. Poverty and malnutrition in Africa: a conceptual analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-02-2017-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the concept of poverty and malnutrition in Africa, implications and the way out.
Design/methodology/approach
Several literatures were reviewed on the causes, modes, implications and solutions to the contemporary challenges of poverty and malnutrition in Africa.
Findings
Poverty and malnutrition are two sides of a coin that are ravaging the African continent. These were as a result of underdevelopment, maladministration and lack of focus and vision by the generations of leaders saddled with administration in different African countries. Poverty in Africa embraces lack of basic human needs faced by people in African society. Many African nations are very poor, and their income per capita or gross domestic product per capita fall toward the bottom of list of nations of the world, despite a wealth of natural resources. In 2009, according to United Nations (UN), 22 of 24 nations identified as having “Low Human Development” on the UN’s Human Development Index were in sub-Saharan Africa and 34 of the 50 nations on the UN list of least developed countries are in Africa. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that 233 million people in sub-Saharan Africa were hungry/undernourished in 2014-2016 (its most recent estimate). In total, 795 million people were hungry worldwide. According to the World Bank, sub-Saharan Africa was the area with the second largest number of hungry people, as Asia had 512 million, mainly due to the much larger population of Asia when compared to sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank also reported in 2012 that sub-Saharan Africa Poverty and Equity Data was 501 million people, or 47 per cent Poverty has also been reported as the principal cause of hunger in Africa and the principal causes of poverty have been found to be harmful economic systems, conflict, environmental factors such as drought and climate change and population growth.
Originality/value
This study examined the concept of poverty and malnutrition in Africa, the implications and the way out.
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32
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Zheng S, Qin G, Tian H, Zhang F. Three-dimensional structure of Gly m 5 (β-conglycinin) plays an important role in its stability and overall allergenicity. Food Chem 2017; 234:381-388. [PMID: 28551251 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To date, there is insufficient knowledge regarding the relationship of the allegenicity and the three-dimensional structure of Gly m 5 (β-conglycinin), a major allergen in soybean. In the present study, allergen Gly m 5 was demonstrated to generate three major digestion-resistant fragments when it was subjected to in vitro digestion. The largest fragment corresponded to the main body of the monomer and two smaller fragments corresponded to the main bodies of two modules of the monomer. Two major protease cleavage sites were located in the regions near to the connection between two modules. Coincidentally, the major digestion-resistant fragments were demonstrated to contain intact IgE epitopes and be capable to induce basophil histamine release in Gly m 5 sensitised piglets, indicating that the three-dimensional structure of Gly m 5 afforded the molecule some protection from complete degradation into small peptides and amino acids, and contributed to its overall allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugui Zheng
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China.
| | - Guixin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin 130118, PR China
| | - He Tian
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
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Park D, Park SH, Ban YW, Kim YS, Park KC, Kim NS, Kim JK, Choi IY. A bioinformatics approach for identifying transgene insertion sites using whole genome sequencing data. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:67. [PMID: 28810845 PMCID: PMC5558722 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically modified crops (GM crops) have been developed to improve the agricultural traits of modern crop cultivars. Safety assessments of GM crops are of paramount importance in research at developmental stages and before releasing transgenic plants into the marketplace. Sequencing technology is developing rapidly, with higher output and labor efficiencies, and will eventually replace existing methods for the molecular characterization of genetically modified organisms. METHODS To detect the transgenic insertion locations in the three GM rice gnomes, Illumina sequencing reads are mapped and classified to the rice genome and plasmid sequence. The both mapped reads are classified to characterize the junction site between plant and transgene sequence by sequence alignment. RESULTS Herein, we present a next generation sequencing (NGS)-based molecular characterization method, using transgenic rice plants SNU-Bt9-5, SNU-Bt9-30, and SNU-Bt9-109. Specifically, using bioinformatics tools, we detected the precise insertion locations and copy numbers of transfer DNA, genetic rearrangements, and the absence of backbone sequences, which were equivalent to results obtained from Southern blot analyses. CONCLUSION NGS methods have been suggested as an effective means of characterizing and detecting transgenic insertion locations in genomes. Our results demonstrate the use of a combination of NGS technology and bioinformatics approaches that offers cost- and time-effective methods for assessing the safety of transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doori Park
- Department of Agriculture and Life Industry, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotech Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, 25354 Republic of Korea
- Present address: Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Yong Wook Ban
- Department of Agriculture and Life Industry, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
- Department of Forest Resources, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotech Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, 25354 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Cheul Park
- Department of Agriculture and Life Industry, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Soo Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotech Institute/GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, 25354 Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Young Choi
- Department of Agriculture and Life Industry, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
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Naegeli H, Birch AN, Casacuberta J, De Schrijver A, Gralak MA, Guerche P, Jones H, Manachini B, Messéan A, Nielsen EE, Nogué F, Robaglia C, Rostoks N, Sweet J, Tebbe C, Visioli F, Wal JM, Eigenmann P, Epstein M, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Koning F, Lovik M, Mills C, Moreno FJ, van Loveren H, Selb R, Fernandez Dumont A. Guidance on allergenicity assessment of genetically modified plants. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04862. [PMID: 32728397 PMCID: PMC7384481 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This document provides supplementary guidance on specific topics for the allergenicity risk assessment of genetically modified plants. In particular, it supplements general recommendations outlined in previous EFSA GMO Panel guidelines and Implementing Regulation (EU) No 503/2013. The topics addressed are non-IgE-mediated adverse immune reactions to foods, in vitro protein digestibility tests and endogenous allergenicity. New scientific and regulatory developments regarding these three topics are described in this document. Considerations on the practical implementation of those developments in the risk assessment of genetically modified plants are discussed and recommended, where appropriate.
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35
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Yang QQ, He XY, Wu HY, Zhang CQ, Zou SY, Lang TQ, Sun SSM, Liu QQ. Subchronic feeding study of high-free-lysine transgenic rice in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:214-222. [PMID: 28442410 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysine is considered to be the first essential amino acid in rice. An elite High-Free-Lysine transgenic line HFL1 was previously produced by metabolic engineering to regulate lysine metabolism. In this study, a 90-day toxicology experiment was undertaken to investigate the potential health effect of feeding different doses of HFL1 rice to Sprague-Dawley rats. During the trial, body weight gain, food consumption and food efficiency were recorded, and no adverse effect was observed in rats fed transgenic (T) rice diets compared with non-transgenic (N) or control diets. At both midterm and final assessments, hematological parameters and serum chemistry were measured, and organ weights and histopathology were examined at the end of the trial. There was no diet-related difference in most hematological or serum chemistry parameters or organ weights between rats fed the T diets and those fed the N or control diets. Some parameters were found to differ between T groups and their corresponding N and/or control groups, but no adverse histological effect was observed. Taken together, the data from the current trial demonstrates that high lysine transgenic rice led to no adverse effect in Sprague-Dawley rats given a diet containing up to 70% HFL1 rice in 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Yun He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chang-Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shi-Ying Zou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tian-Qi Lang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Samuel Sai-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Qiao-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- J.L. Vicini
- Regulatory Policy and Scientific Affairs, Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO 63167
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37
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Naegeli H, Birch AN, Casacuberta J, De Schrijver A, Gralak MA, Jones H, Manachini B, Messéan A, Nielsen EE, Nogué F, Robaglia C, Rostoks N, Sweet J, Tebbe C, Visioli F, Wal JM, Álvarez F, Ardizzone M, Liu Y, Neri FM, Ramon M. Scientific opinion on an application by Dow AgroSciences LLC (EFSA-GMO-NL-2012-106) for the placing on the market of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant soybean DAS-44406-6 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04738. [PMID: 32625444 PMCID: PMC7009884 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean DAS‐44406‐6 expresses 5‐enolpyruvyl‐shikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (2mEPSPS), conferring tolerance to glyphosate‐based herbicides, aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase (AAD‐12), conferring tolerance to 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and other related phenoxy herbicides, and phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT), conferring tolerance to glufosinate ammonium‐based herbicides. The molecular characterisation data and bioinformatics analyses did not identify issues requiring assessment for food/feed safety. The agronomic and phenotypic characteristics revealed no relevant differences between soybean DAS‐44406‐6 and its conventional counterpart, except for pod count, seed count and yield. The compositional analysis identified no differences requiring further assessment, except for an increase (up to 31%) in lectin activity in soybean DAS‐44406‐6. Such increase is unlikely to raise additional concerns for food/feed safety and nutrition of soybean DAS‐44406‐6 as compared to its conventional counterpart and non‐GM reference varieties. There were no concerns regarding the potential toxicity and allergenicity of the three newly expressed proteins, and no evidence that the genetic modification might significantly change the overall allergenicity of soybean DAS‐44406‐6. Soybean DAS‐44406‐6 is as nutritious as its conventional counterpart and the non‐GM soybean reference varieties tested. There are no indications of an increased likelihood of establishment and spread of occasional feral soybean DAS‐44406‐6 plants, unless exposed to the intended herbicides. The likelihood of environmental effects from the accidental release of viable seeds from soybean DAS‐44406‐6 into the environment is therefore very low. The post‐market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses of soybean DAS‐44406‐6. In conclusion, the GMO Panel considers that the information available for soybean DAS‐44406‐6 addresses the scientific comments raised by Member States and that soybean DAS‐44406‐6, as described in this application, is as safe as its conventional counterpart and non‐GM soybean reference varieties with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment in the context of the scope of this application.
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Naegeli H, Birch AN, Casacuberta J, De Schrijver A, Gralak MA, Jones H, Manachini B, Messéan A, Nielsen EE, Nogué F, Robaglia C, Rostoks N, Sweet J, Tebbe C, Visioli F, Wal JM, Ardizzone M, Devos Y, Gomes A, Liu Y, Neri FM, Olaru I. Scientific Opinion on an application by Dow AgroSciences LLC (EFSA-GMO-NL-2011-91) for the placing on the market of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant soybean DAS-68416-4 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04719. [PMID: 32625430 PMCID: PMC7010147 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean DAS-68416-4 was developed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation to express the aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase-12 (AAD-12) protein, conferring tolerance to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and other related phenoxy herbicides, and the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) protein, conferring tolerance to glufosinate ammonium-based herbicides. The molecular characterisation data and bioinformatics analyses did not identify issues requiring further assessment for food/feed safety. The agronomic and phenotypic characteristics tested revealed no relevant differences between soybean DAS-68416-4 and its conventional counterpart, except for 'days to 50% flowering'. The compositional analysis identified no differences requiring further assessment, except for an increase (up to 36%) in lectin activity in soybean DAS-68416-4. Such increase is unlikely to raise additional concerns for food/feed safety and nutrition for soybean DAS-68416-4 as compared to its conventional counterpart and the non-GM reference varieties. There were no concerns regarding the potential toxicity and allergenicity of the two newly expressed proteins, and no evidence that the genetic modification might significantly change the overall allergenicity of soybean DAS-68416-4. Soybean DAS-68416-4 is as nutritious as its conventional counterpart and the non-GM reference varieties. There are no indications of an increased likelihood of establishment and spread of occasional feral soybean DAS-68416-4 plants, unless these are exposed to the intended herbicides. The likelihood of environmental effects resulting from the accidental release of viable seeds from soybean DAS-68416-4 into the environment is therefore very low. The post-market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses of soybean DAS-68416-4. The GMO Panel concludes that the information available addresses the scientific comments of the Member States and that soybean DAS-68416-4, as described in this application, is as safe as its conventional counterpart and the tested non-GM reference varieties with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment in the context of the scope of this application.
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Dong S, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang C, Xie Y, Zhong J, Xu C, Liu X. Establishment of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for specific detection of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ab toxin utilizing a monoclonal antibody produced with a novel hapten designed with molecular model. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:1985-1994. [PMID: 28078413 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cry1Ab toxin is commonly expressed in genetically modified crops in order to control chewing pests. At present, the detection method with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on monoclonal antibody cannot specifically detect Cry1Ab toxin for Cry1Ab's amino acid sequence and spatial structure are highly similar to Cry1Ac toxin. In this study, based on molecular design, a novel hapten polypeptide was synthesized and conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Then, through animal immunization with this antigen, a monoclonal antibody named 2C12, showing high affinity to Cry1Ab and having no cross reaction with Cry1Ac, was produced. The equilibrium dissociation constant (K D) value of Cry1Ab toxin with MAb 2C12 was 1.947 × 10-8 M. Based on this specific monoclonal antibody, a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was developed for the specific determination of Cry1Ab toxin and the LOD and LOQ values were determined as 0.47 ± 0.11 and 2.43 ± 0.19 ng mL-1, respectively. The average recoveries of Cry1Ab from spiked rice leaf and rice flour samples ranged from 75 to 115%, with coefficient of variation (CV) less than 8.6% within the quantitation range (2.5-100 ng mL-1), showing good accuracy for the quantitative detection of Cry1Ab toxin in agricultural samples. In conclusion, this study provides a new approach for the production of high specific antibody and the newly developed DAS-ELISA is a useful method for Cry1Ab monitoring in agriculture products. Graphical Abstract Establishment of a DAS-ELISA for the specific detecting of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ab toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Dong
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China.,College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Yajing Xie
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhong
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Chongxin Xu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China. .,College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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40
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Abstract
A number of genetically modified (GM) crops bioengineered to express agronomic traits including herbicide resistance and insect tolerance have been commercialized. Safety studies conducted for the whole grains and food and feed fractions obtained from GM crops (i.e., bioengineered foods) bear similarities to and distinctive differences from those applied to substances intentionally added to foods (e.g., food ingredients). Similarities are apparent in common animal models, route of exposure, duration, and response variables typically assessed in toxicology studies. However, because of differences in the nutritional and physical properties of food ingredients and bioengineered foods and in the fundamental goals of the overall safety assessment strategies for these different classes of substances, there are recognizable differences in the individual components of the safety assessment process. The fundamental strategic difference is that the process for food ingredients is structured toward quantitative risk assessment whereas that for bioengineered foods is structured for the purpose of qualitative risk assessment. The strategy for safety assessment of bioengineered foods focuses on evaluating the safety of the transgenic proteins used to impart the desired trait or traits and to demonstrate compositional similarity between the grains of GM and non-GM comparator crops using analytical chemistry and, in some cases, feeding studies. Despite these differences, the similarities in the design of safety studies conducted with bioengineered foods should be recognized by toxicologists. The current paper reviews the basic principles of safety assessment for bioengineered foods and compares them with the testing strategies applied to typical food ingredients. From this comparison it can be seen that the strategies used to assess the safety of bioengineered foods are at least as robust as that used to assess the safety of typical food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Delaney
- Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., DuPont Agriculture and Nutrition, Johnston, Iowa, USA
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Tan Y, Yi X, Wang L, Peng C, Sun Y, Wang D, Zhang J, Guo A, Wang X. Comparative Proteomics of Leaves from Phytase-Transgenic Maize and Its Non-transgenic Isogenic Variety. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1211. [PMID: 27582747 PMCID: PMC4987384 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate unintended effects in genetically modified crops (GMCs), a comparative proteomic analysis between the leaves of the phytase-transgenic maize and the non-transgenic plants was performed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. A total of 57 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were successfully identified, which represents 44 unique proteins. Functional classification of the identified proteins showed that these DEPs were predominantly involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism category, followed by post-translational modification. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that most of the DEPs participated in carbon fixation in photosynthesis. Among them, 15 proteins were found to show protein-protein interactions with each other, and these proteins were mainly participated in glycolysis and carbon fixation. Comparison of the changes in the protein and tanscript levels of the identified proteins showed that most proteins had a similar pattern of changes between proteins and transcripts. Our results suggested that although some significant differences were observed, the proteomic patterns were not substantially different between the leaves of the phytase-transgenic maize and the non-transgenic isogenic type. Moreover, none of the DEPs was identified as a new toxic protein or an allergenic protein. The differences between the leaf proteome might be attributed to both genetic modification and hybrid influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Tan
- College of Agriculture, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Xiaoping Yi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Cunzhi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Anping Guo
- College of Agriculture, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- College of Agriculture, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
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Abstract
The rapid adoption of transgenic crops in the United States, Argentina, and Canada stands in strong contrast to the situation in the European Union (EU), where a de facto moratorium has been in place since 1998. This article reviews recent scientific literature relevant to the problematic introduction of transgenic crops in the EU to assess if there are specific reasons why transgenic crops have a potentially greater adverse impact on sustainable agriculture in the EU context than elsewhere. Sustainable agriculture integrates three main goals: environmental health, economic profitability, and socioeconomic equity. Transgenic crops do not appear a suitable tool for sustainable agriculture in the EU due to specific environmental, economic, and socioeconomic reasons. Therefore, a moratorium on transgenic crops based on the precautionary principle should be officially adopted until proper risk assessment. In addition, agroecological alternatives to transgenic crops fit better the EU vision of agriculture.
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Lin HT, Lee WC, Tsai YT, Wu JH, Yen GC, Yeh SD, Cheng YH, Chang SC, Liao JW. Subchronic Immunotoxicity Assessment of Genetically Modified Virus-Resistant Papaya in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5935-5940. [PMID: 27396727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Papaya is an important fruit that provides a variety of vitamins with nutritional value and also holds some pharmacological properties, including immunomodulation. Genetically modified (GM) papaya plants resistant to Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) infection have been generated by cloning the coat protein gene of the PRSV which can be used as a valuable strategy to fight PRSV infection and to increase papaya production. In order to assess the safety of GM papaya as a food, this subchronic study was conducted to assess the immunomodulatory responses of the GM papaya line 823-2210, when compared with its parent plant of non-GM papaya, Tainung-2 (TN-2), in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Both non-GM and GM 823-2210 papaya fruits at low (1 g/kg bw) and high (2 g/kg bw) dosages were administered via daily oral gavage to male and female rats consecutively for 90 days. Immunophenotyping, mitogen-induced splenic cell proliferation, antigen-specific antibody response, and histopathology of the spleen and thymus were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Results of immunotoxicity assays revealed no consistent difference between rats fed for 90 days with GM 823-2210 papaya fruits, as opposed to those fed non-GM TN-2 papaya fruits, suggesting that with regard to immunomodulatory responses, GM 823-2210 papaya fruits maintain substantial equivalence to fruits of their non-GM TN-2 parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Tang Lin
- Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare , Taipei City115, Taiwan, Republic of China
- College of Bioresources, National I-Lan University , I-Lan 260, Taiwan 260, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Cheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jhaol-Huei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Huey Cheng
- National Plant Genetic Resources Center, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute , Taichung 413, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Chieh Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Dong S, Zhang C, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhong J, Xie Y, Xu C, Ding Y, Zhang L, Liu X. Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody Broadly Recognizing Cry1 Toxins by Use of Designed Polypeptide as Hapten. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7023-32. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sa Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory
of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory
Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for
Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute
of Food Quality Safety and Detection Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory
of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory
Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for
Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute
of Food Quality Safety and Detection Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory
of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory
Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for
Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute
of Food Quality Safety and Detection Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory
of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory
Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for
Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute
of Food Quality Safety and Detection Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory
of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory
Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for
Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute
of Food Quality Safety and Detection Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajing Xie
- Key Laboratory
of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory
Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for
Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute
of Food Quality Safety and Detection Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongxin Xu
- Key Laboratory
of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory
Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for
Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute
of Food Quality Safety and Detection Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Ding
- Key Laboratory
of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory
Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for
Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute
of Food Quality Safety and Detection Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory
of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory
Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for
Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute
of Food Quality Safety and Detection Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory
of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory
Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for
Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, and Institute
of Food Quality Safety and Detection Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
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45
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A risk-based approach to the regulation of genetically engineered organisms. Nat Biotechnol 2016; 34:493-503. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Henderson N, Harmon M, Zhong CX. PCR-Based Detection and Quantification of a Transgenic Glyphosate-Tolerant Canola Using a Novel Reference Gene System. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Guttikonda SK, Marri P, Mammadov J, Ye L, Soe K, Richey K, Cruse J, Zhuang M, Gao Z, Evans C, Rounsley S, Kumpatla SP. Molecular Characterization of Transgenic Events Using Next Generation Sequencing Approach. PLoS One 2016. [PMID: 26908260 DOI: 10.1016/j.futures.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Demand for the commercial use of genetically modified (GM) crops has been increasing in light of the projected growth of world population to nine billion by 2050. A prerequisite of paramount importance for regulatory submissions is the rigorous safety assessment of GM crops. One of the components of safety assessment is molecular characterization at DNA level which helps to determine the copy number, integrity and stability of a transgene; characterize the integration site within a host genome; and confirm the absence of vector DNA. Historically, molecular characterization has been carried out using Southern blot analysis coupled with Sanger sequencing. While this is a robust approach to characterize the transgenic crops, it is both time- and resource-consuming. The emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has provided highly sensitive and cost- and labor-effective alternative for molecular characterization compared to traditional Southern blot analysis. Herein, we have demonstrated the successful application of both whole genome sequencing and target capture sequencing approaches for the characterization of single and stacked transgenic events and compared the results and inferences with traditional method with respect to key criteria required for regulatory submissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K Guttikonda
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States of America
| | - Pradeep Marri
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States of America
| | - Jafar Mammadov
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States of America
| | - Liang Ye
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States of America
| | - Khaing Soe
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Richey
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States of America
| | - James Cruse
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States of America
| | - Meibao Zhuang
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States of America
| | - Zhifang Gao
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States of America
| | - Clive Evans
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States of America
| | - Steve Rounsley
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States of America
| | - Siva P Kumpatla
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States of America
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48
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Liu C, Zhou Z, Zou L, Cao YC, Liu J, Lin Y. High Sensitivity Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac Protein Detections Using Fluorescein Diacetate Nanoparticles. J Fluoresc 2015; 26:451-7. [PMID: 26642804 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive transgenic protein analysis method was proposed here based on fluorescein diacetate (FDA). First, FDA was prepared by the ball mill to harvest the nano-sized organic particles. Further examines showed that the FDA size can be controlled by the speed of centrifugation which can obtain FDA in well-distributed size. Cy3 antibody immobilization tests showed that the proteins can attach onto the FDA particles while keep bioactivities. FDA and Cry1Ac antibody immunoassay tests showed that when the FDA particle was in 150 nm, the linear range was 0.01 ng/L-30 μg/mL. And it has the lower detection limitation of 0.01 ng/L, which is 100 times more sensitive than the ELISA methods. These results indicate that the FDA related immunoassays are the promising approach in the transgenic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Linling Zou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Jun'An Liu
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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49
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Rubio-Infante N, Moreno-Fierros L. An overview of the safety and biological effects of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins in mammals. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:630-48. [PMID: 26537666 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Crystal proteins (Cry) produced during the growth and sporulation phases of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacterium are known as delta endotoxins. These toxins are being used worldwide as bioinsecticides to control pests in agriculture, and some Cry toxins are used against mosquitoes to control vector transmission. This review summarizes the relevant information currently available regarding the biosafety and biological effects that Bt and its insecticidal Cry proteins elicit in mammals. This work was performed because of concerns regarding the possible health impact of Cry toxins on vertebrates, particularly because Bt toxins might be associated with immune-activating or allergic responses. The controversial data published to date are discussed in this review considering earlier toxicological studies of B. thuringiensis, spores, toxins and Bt crops. We discussed the experimental studies performed in humans, mice, rats and sheep as well as in diverse mammalian cell lines. Although the term 'toxic' is not appropriate for defining the effects these toxins have on mammals, they cannot be considered innocuous, as they have some physiological effects that may become pathological; thus, trials that are more comprehensive are necessary to determine their effects on mammals because knowledge in this field remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Rubio-Infante
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad en Mucosas, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, 54090, Estado de México, México
| | - Leticia Moreno-Fierros
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad en Mucosas, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, 54090, Estado de México, México
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50
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Pinto CEM, Farias DF, Carvalho AFU, Oliveira JTA, Pereira ML, Grangeiro TB, Freire JEC, Viana DA, Vasconcelos IM. Food safety assessment of an antifungal protein from Moringa oleifera seeds in an agricultural biotechnology perspective. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 83:1-9. [PMID: 26032632 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mo-CBP3 is an antifungal protein produced by Moringa oleifera which has been investigated as potential candidate for developing transgenic crops. Before the use of novel proteins, food safety tests must be conducted. This work represents an early food safety assessment of Mo-CBP3, using the two-tiered approach proposed by ILSI. The history of safe use, mode of action and results for amino acid sequence homology using the full-length and short contiguous amino acids sequences indicate low risk associated to this protein. Mo-CBP3 isoforms presented a reasonable number of alignments (>35% identity) with allergens in a window of 80 amino acids. This protein was resistant to pepsin degradation up to 2 h, but it was susceptible to digestion using pancreatin. Many positive attributes were presented for Mo-CBP3. However, this protein showed high sequence homology with allergens and resistance to pepsin digestion that indicates that further hypothesis-based testing on its potential allergenicity must be done. Additionally, animal toxicity evaluations (e.g. acute and repeated dose oral exposure assays) must be performed to meet the mandatory requirements of several regulatory agencies. Finally, the approach adopted here exemplified the importance of performing an early risk assessment of candidate proteins for use in plant transformation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clidia E M Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Davi F Farias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Ana F U Carvalho
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José T A Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mirella L Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Thalles B Grangeiro
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José E C Freire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Viana
- State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60740-903, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ilka M Vasconcelos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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