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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Engel K, Fowler PJ, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gundert‐Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Boon P, Cheyns K, Crebelli R, FitzGerald R, Lambré C, Mirat M, Ulbrich B, Vleminckx C, Mech A, Rincon AM, Tard A, Horvath Z, Wright M. Follow‐up of the re‐evaluation of sulfur dioxide (E 220), sodium sulfite (E 221), sodium bisulfite (E 222), sodium metabisulfite (E 223), potassium metabisulfite (E 224), calcium sulfite (E 226), calcium bisulfite (E 227) and potassium bisulfite (E 228). EFSA J 2022; 20:e07594. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Gao J, Zhang H, Xiong P, Yan X, Liao C, Jiang G. Application of electrophysiological technique in toxicological study: From manual to automated patch-clamp recording. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhai Y, Huang XL, Ma HJ, Zhou XH, Zhou JL, Fan YM. Sulfur dioxide reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats. Cent Eur J Immunol 2019; 44:226-236. [PMID: 31933533 PMCID: PMC6953369 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.89593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies suggested that sulfur dioxide (SO2) can be produced endogenously by pulmonary vessels and attenuate acute lung injury (ALI) with vasorelaxant effects. This study was conducted to determine whether SO2 can inhibit lung inflammation and relax pulmonary arteries via inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-eight adult male Sprague Dawley rats (250~300 g) were randomly divided into six treatment groups: control (n = 8), control + SO2 (n = 8), control + L-aspartic acid-β-hydroxamate (HDX) (n = 8), LPS (n = 8), LPS + SO2 (n = 8) and LPS + HDX (n = 8). RESULTS Six hours after LPS treatment, rats exhibited elevated pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), marked pulmonary structure injury with elevated pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and CD11b, along with decreased pulmonary SO2 production and reduced pulmonary aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) activity. Pretreatment with SO2 saline solution significantly reduced, while HDX (AAT inhibitor) aggravated, the pathogenesis of LPS-induced ALI. Moreover, SO2 saline solution significantly down-regulated expression of Raf-1, MEK-1 and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK). It also prevented pulmonary hypertension in association with an up-regulated SO2/AAT pathway. However, HDX advanced pulmonary hypertension and inflammatory responses in the lung were associated with a down-regulated SO2/AAT pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SO2 markedly relieved inflammatory responses, in association with Raf-1, MEK-1 and p-ERK during ALI induced by LPS. The down-regulation of the SO2/AAT pathway may be involved in the mechanism(s) of LPS-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin-Li Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui-Jie Ma
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jun-Lin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Min Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Lai MC, Hung TY, Lin KM, Sung PS, Wu SJ, Yang CS, Wu YJ, Tsai JJ, Wu SN, Huang CW. Sodium Metabisulfite: Effects on Ionic Currents and Excitotoxicity. Neurotox Res 2017; 34:1-15. [PMID: 29188487 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
How sodium metabisulfite (SMB; Na2S2O5), a popular food preservative and antioxidant, interacts with excitable membrane and induces excitotoxicity is incompletely understood. In this study, the patch-clamp technique was used to investigate and record the electrophysiological effect of SMB on electrically excitable HL-1 cardiomyocytes and NSC-34 neurons, as well as its relationship to pilocarpine-induced seizures and neuronal excitotoxicity in rats. We used Western blotting, to analyze sodium channel expression on hippocampi after chronic SMB treatment. It was found that voltage-gated Na+ current (I Na) was stimulated, and current inactivation and deactivation were slowed in SMB-treated (30 μM) HL-1 cardiomyocytes. SMB-induced increases of I Na were attenuated in cells treated with ranolazine (10 μM) or eugenol (30 μM). The current-voltage relationship of I Na shifted to slightly more negative potentials in SMB-treated cells, the peak I Na with an EC50 value of 18 μM increased, and the steady-state inactivation curve of I Na shifted to a more positive potential. However, the tail component of the rapidly activating delayed-rectifier K+ current (I Kr) was dose-dependently inhibited. Cell-attached voltage-clamp recordings in SMB-treated cells showed that the frequency of action currents and prolonged action potential were higher. In SMB-treated NSC-34 neurons, the peak I Na was higher; however, neither the time to peak nor the inactivation time constant (I Na) changed. Pilocarpine-induced seizures were exacerbated, and acute neuronal damage and chronic mossy fiber sprouting increased in SMB-treated rats. Western blotting showed higher expression of the sodium channel in cells after chronic SMB treatment. We conclude that SMB contributes to the sodium channel-activating mechanism through which it alters cellular excitability and excitotoxicity in wide-spectrum excitable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chi Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yu Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Min Lin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Shan Sung
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jong Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Wu
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jane Tsai
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Zhao YR, Wang D, Liu Y, Shan L, Zhou JL. The PI3K/Akt, p38MAPK, and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways mediate the protection of SO2 against acute lung injury induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion in rats. J Physiol Sci 2016; 66:229-39. [PMID: 26541157 PMCID: PMC10716937 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is naturally synthesized by glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) from L-cysteine in mammalian cells. We found that SO2 may have a protective effect on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats. The PI3K/Akt, p38MAPK, and JAK2/STAT3 pathways are crucial in cell signaling transduction. The present study aims to verify the role of SO2 on limb I/R-induced ALI, and investigate whether PI3K/Akt, p38MAPK, and JAK2/STAT3 pathways were involved, as well as the relationship among the three pathways; we used specific inhibitors (LY294002, SB03580, and Stattic) to block them, respectively. The experimental methods of Western, ELISA, TUNEL, etc., were used to test the results. In the I/R group, the parameters of lung injury (MDA, MPO, TUNEL, cytokines) increased significantly, but the administration of Na2SO3/NaHSO3 attenuated the damage in the lung. The Western results showed that the rat's lung exist expression of P-STAT3, P-AKT, and P-p38 proteins. After I/R, P-STAT3, P-Akt, and P-p38 proteins expression all increased. After using Na2SO3/NaHSO3, P-Akt, and P-p38 proteins expression increased, but P-STAT3 protein expression decreased. We also found a strange phenomenon; compared to the I/R + SO2 group, the administration of stattic, P-p38 protein expression showed no change, but P-Akt protein expression increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, SO2 has a protective effect on rats with limb I/R-induced ALI. The JAK2/STAT3, PI3K/Akt, and p38MAPK pathways are likely all involved in the process, and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway may have an impact on the P13K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Rui Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Gong Ren Ti Yu Chang Nan Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Gong Ren Ti Yu Chang Nan Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Gong Ren Ti Yu Chang Nan Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Gong Ren Ti Yu Chang Nan Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Lin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Gong Ren Ti Yu Chang Nan Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Q, Bai Y, Yang Z, Tian J, Meng Z. The molecular mechanisms of sodium metabisulfite on the expression of K ATP and L-Ca2+ channels in rat hearts. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 72:440-6. [PMID: 26015265 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sodium metabisulfite (SMB) is used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in a variety of drugs and foods. However, there are few reported studies about its side effects. This study is to investigate the SMB effects on the expression of ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP) and L-type calcium (L-Ca(2+)) channels in rat hearts. The results show that the mRNA and protein levels of the KATP channel subunits Kir6.2 and SUR2A were increased by SMB; on the contrary, SMB at 520 mg/kg significantly decreased the expression of the L-Ca(2+) channel subunits Cav1.2 and Cav1.3. This suggests that SMB can activate the expression of KATP channel by increasing the mRNA and protein levels of Kir6.2 and SUR2A, while it inhibits the expression of L-Ca(2+) channels by decreasing the mRNA and protein levels of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 in rat hearts. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of the SMB effect on rat hearts might be related to the increased expression of KATP channels and the decreased expression of L-Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxi Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhenhua Yang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ziqiang Meng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Zhang Q, Bai Y, Tian J, Lei X, Li M, Yang Z, Meng Z. Effects of sodium metabisulfite on the expression of BK(Ca), K(ATP), and L-Ca(2+) channels in rat aortas in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 284:151-162. [PMID: 25463229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sodium metabisulfite (SMB) is most commonly used as the preservative in many food preparations and drugs. So far, few studies about its negative effects were reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of SMB on the expression of big-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BKCa), ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP), and L-type calcium (L-Ca(2+)) channels in rat aorta in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that the mRNA and protein levels of the BKCa channel subunits α and β1 of aorta in rats were increased by SMB in vivo and in vitro. Similarly, the expression of the KATP channel subunits Kir6.1, Kir6.2, and SUR2B were increased by SMB. However, SMB at the highest concentration significantly decreased the expression of the L-Ca(2+) channel subunits Cav1.2 and Cav1.3. These results suggest that SMB can activate BKCa and KATP channels by increasing the expression of α, β1, and Kir6.1, Kir6.2, SUR2B respectively, while also inhibit L-Ca(2+) channels by decreasing the expression of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 of aorta in rats. The molecular mechanism of SMB-induced vasorelaxant effect might be related to the expression changes of BKCa, KATP, and L-Ca(2+) channels subunits. Further work is needed to determine the relative contribution of each channel in SMB-mediated vasorelaxant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxi Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaodong Lei
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhenhua Yang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ziqiang Meng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Huang XL, Liu Y, Zhou JL, Qin YC, Ren XB, Zhou XH, Cao H. Role of Sulfur Dioxide in Acute Lung Injury Following Limb Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2013; 27:389-97. [PMID: 23801594 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Li Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang; People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics; Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing; People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Lin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics; Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing; People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chao Qin
- Department of Orthopedics; Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing; People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bao Ren
- Department of Emergency, Southwestern Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing; People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang; People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Cao
- Department of Pathophysiology; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang; People's Republic of China
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Meng Z. The vasodilator mechanisms of sodium metabisulfite on precontracted isolated aortic rings in rats: signal transduction pathways and ion channels. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3114-9. [PMID: 22727858 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sodium metabisulfite (SMB) is most commonly used as a food additives, however few study was performed on the vasodilator effect of SMB. In the present paper, the vasodilator effects of SMB and roles of Ca(2+) and K(+) channels as well as the cGMP pathway on isolated rat aortic rings were studied. The results show that: (1) SMB could relax isolated aortic rings precontracted by norepinephrine in a concentration-dependent manner. The maximal endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was approximately 20% whereas that not depending on the presence of the endothelium was more than 90%. (2) The vasorelaxant effects induced by 50 or 200 μM SMB were partially inhibited by iberiotoxin, NS-2028 or l-NNA. The vasorelaxation of 1000 μM SMB was partially inhibited by nifedipine or glibenclamide. The SMB induced vasorelaxation was partially inhibited by tetraethylammonium. These results led to the conclusions that the vasorelaxation of SMB at low concentrations (<400 μM) was endothelium-dependent and mediated by the cGMP pathway and BK(Ca) channel, but at high concentrations (>500 μM) was endothelium-independent and mediated by K(ATP) channel and L-type Ca(2+) channel. The maximal allowable concentration from China and the acceptable daily intake level from WHO of SMB as a food additive should be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Toxicology, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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The vasodilator mechanism of sulfur dioxide on isolated aortic rings of rats: Involvement of the K+ and Ca2+ channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 602:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Meng Z, Zhang H. The Vasodilator Effect and Its Mechanism of Sulfur Dioxide-Derivatives on Isolated Aortic Rings of Rats. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 19:979-86. [PMID: 17849282 DOI: 10.1080/08958370701515175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The vasodilator effect of exogenous sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) derivatives (mixture of sodium bisulfite and sodium sulfite, 3:1 M/M in neutral solution) on rat vascular system was studied in order to explore the mechanism of blood pressure lowered by SO(2) and its derivatives. Isolated rat aortic rings were perfused in bath tubes containing various chemicals and their tensions were recorded. The results showed: (1) The SO(2) derivatives could relax isolated aorta precontracted by norepinephrine (NE) or potassium chloride (KCl) in a dose-dependent manner. (2) This vasodilator effect was attenuated after preincubation with indomethacin, but was not affected by N-L-nitro-arginine, methylene blue, and propranolol, and was independent of the aorta endothelium. (3) The vasoconstriction responses induced by NE, KCl, or Ca(2+) were antagonized by SO(2) derivatives in a noncompetitive manner. (4) The vasoconstrictions of two components (initial fast vasoconstriction induced by intracellular Ca(2+) release and sustained vasoconstriction evoked by extracellular Ca(2+) influx) were also inhibited by SO(2) derivatives. These results led to the conclusions: The SO(2) derivatives could cause vasorelaxation by a direct role of the chemicals on aortic smooth muscle cells. It was not dependent on vascular endothelium and was independent of nitric oxide (NO). It is suggested that SO(2) and its derivatives might be also vasoactive substances that modulate changes of blood pressure, like other gasotransmitters. The vasorelaxation might be related to the inhibition effects of SO(2) derivatives on Ca(2+) entry through both potential-dependent calcium channels and receptor-operating calcium channels, and also to the inhibition of intracellular Ca(2+) release. The vasorelaxation was at partly related to the increase of prostacyclin (PGI(2)) induced by SO(2) derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Meng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Toxicology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
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Vasodilatation of sulfur dioxide derivatives and signal transduction. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 467:291-6. [PMID: 17923104 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The vasodilatation of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) derivatives on the rat thoracic aortic rings and its cell signal transduction pathway were studied. The levels of cAMP, cGMP, PGI(2), TXA(2) and activities of PKA and adenylyl cyclase (AC) in the rings exposed to SO(2) derivatives were determined. The results indicated that SO(2) derivatives could dose-dependently relax the isolated rat aorta rings with or without endothelium precontracted by NE, no difference was found between the rings with and without endothelium; Levels of cAMP, PGI(2), AC activity and PKA activity in the aortic rings were significantly increased by the derivatives in a dose-related way; No change of cGMP and TXA(2) levels in rings was observed; cAMP/cGMP and PGI(2)/TXA(2) ratios were increased significantly by the SO(2) derivatives. These results led to the conclusions that SO(2) derivatives might cause the endothelium-independent vasorelaxation effect, and the vasorelaxation was mediated in partly by the signal transduction pathway of PGI(2)-AC-cAMP-PKA.
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Yargicoglu P, Sahin E, Gümüşlü S, Ağar A. The effect of sulfur dioxide inhalation on active avoidance learning, antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation during aging. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2007; 29:211-8. [PMID: 17197156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of SO2 was examined on active avoidance learning, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the activities of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in young (3 months), middle-age (12 months ), and old (24 months) Swiss male albino rats. Ten ppm SO2 was administered to the animals of SO2 groups in an exposure chamber for 1 h/day x 7 days/week x 6 weeks while control groups were exposed to filtered air in the same condition. The most prominent effect of aging on active performance was also observed in the older group. SO2 exposure significantly decreased the active avoidance learning in the young group, but it had no effect on this parameter in the middle-aged and the older group compared with their corresponding control groups. SO2 exposure resulted in increased levels of Cu, Zn-SOD activity while decreased level of GSH-Px activity in all experimental groups compared with their corresponding control groups. CAT activities were unaltered. TBARS levels of all SO2 exposed groups were significantly increased compared with their respective control groups. In conclusion, results from the present research showed that SO2 exposure resulted in an increase in the lipid peroxidation and caused alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, SO2 exposure impaired cognitive function only in the young rats during the acquisition phase of active avoidance learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piraye Yargicoglu
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Arapsuyu, 07070 Antalya, Turkey.
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Effects of lithium chloride on outward potassium currents in acutely isolated hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-006-2076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Oztürk OH, Küçükatay V, Yönden Z, Ağar A, Bağci H, Delibaş N. Expressions of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors NR2A and NR2B subunit proteins in normal and sulfite-oxidase deficient rat’s hippocampus: effect of exogenous sulfite ingestion. Arch Toxicol 2006; 80:671-9. [PMID: 16858610 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-006-0125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfites whether ingested or produced through the sulfur-containing amino acids metabolism of the animal are very active molecules and can cause cellular toxicity. Sulfite oxidase (SOX), a heme- and molybdenum containing mitochondrial enzyme, prevents mammalian cells from adverse effects of sulfite toxicity by metabolizing sulfite to sulfate. The present study was aimed to investigate effect of sulfite on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) NR2A and NR2B subunits in hippocampus of normal and SOX-deficient rats. Rats were divided into four groups; (1) control group, which was given rat chow and tap water ad libitum (C), (2) sulfite group, treated with sulfite (25 mg/kg) in drinking water and commercial rat chow ad libitum (S), (3) SOX-deficient group, maintained on high-W/Mo-deficient regimen to produce SOX deficiency (D), and (4) SOX-deficient + sulfite group (DS), prepared as those in the third group and were afterwards given sulfite (25 mg/kg) additionally. Whole treatment schedule were continued for 6 weeks. Sulfite treatment caused a decrease of NR2A and NR2B subunits of the NMDAR in hippocampus of rats in S and DS groups. Interestingly, similar decrement was observed in D group, probably due to increased endogenous sulfite production. In summary, the results indicated that feeding sulfite to the rats may cause down-regulation of NMDARs by degrading NR2A and NR2B subunits of it, which may be considered as a neuro-compensatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oktay Hasan Oztürk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
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Zhang CF, Yang P. Zinc-induced aggregation of Abeta (10-21) potentiates its action on voltage-gated potassium channel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:43-9. [PMID: 16674922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Zinc may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through influencing the conformation and neurotoxicity of amyloid beta-proteins (Abeta). Zn(2+) induces rapid aggregation of synthetic or endogenous Abeta in a pH-dependent fashion. Here we show for the first time that Zn(2+)-induced aggregation of Abeta (10-21) potentiates its action on outward potassium currents in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Using the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique, we showed that Abeta (10-21) blocked the fast-inactivating outward potassium current (I(A)) in a concentration- and aggregation-dependent manner, but with no effect on the delayed rectifier potassium current (I(K)). Both the unaggregated and aggregated forms of Abeta (10-21) significantly shifted the activation curve and the inactivation curve of I(A) to more negative potentials. But the aggregated form has more effects than the unaggregated form. These data indicated that aggregation of amyloid fragments by zinc ions is required in order to obtain full modulatory effects on potassium channel currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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