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Silva AR, de Souza e Souza KFC, Souza TBD, Younes-Ibrahim M, Burth P, de Castro Faria Neto HC, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF. The Na/K-ATPase role as a signal transducer in lung inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1287512. [PMID: 38299144 PMCID: PMC10827986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is marked by damage to the capillary endothelium and alveolar epithelium following edema formation and cell infiltration. Currently, there are no effective treatments for severe ARDS. Pathologies such as sepsis, pneumonia, fat embolism, and severe trauma may cause ARDS with respiratory failure. The primary mechanism of edema clearance is the epithelial cells' Na/K-ATPase (NKA) activity. NKA is an enzyme that maintains the electrochemical gradient and cell homeostasis by transporting Na+ and K+ ions across the cell membrane. Direct injury on alveolar cells or changes in ion transport caused by infections decreases the NKA activity, loosening tight junctions in epithelial cells and causing edema formation. In addition, NKA acts as a receptor triggering signal transduction in response to the binding of cardiac glycosides. The ouabain (a cardiac glycoside) and oleic acid induce lung injury by targeting NKA. Besides enzymatic inhibition, the NKA triggers intracellular signal transduction, fostering proinflammatory cytokines production and contributing to lung injury. Herein, we reviewed and discussed the crucial role of NKA in edema clearance, lung injury, and intracellular signaling pathway activation leading to lung inflammation, thus putting the NKA as a protagonist in lung injury pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Thamires Bandeira De Souza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Younes-Ibrahim
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Burth
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Li T, Su D, Lu H, Gao Y, Liu Y, Wang S, Hou Y, Qin K, Que X, Chen X, Qin B, Wang Z, Deng Y. Recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide attenuates ischemic brain injury in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and cell apoptosis via activation of PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:2751-2763. [PMID: 37847304 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke followed by cerebral artery occlusion is a main cause of chronic disability worldwide. Recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) has been reported to alleviate sepsis-induced cognitive dysfunction and brain I/R injury. However, the function and molecular mechanisms of rhBNP in ischemic brain injury have not been clarified. For establishment of an animal model of ischemic brain injury, C57BL/6 mice were treated with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery for 1 h and reperfusion for 24 h. After subcutaneous injection of rhBNP into model mice, neurologic deficits were assessed by evaluating behavior of mice according to Longa scoring system, and TTC staining was utilized to determine the brain infarct size of mice. The levels of oxidative stress markers, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were detected in hippocampal tissues of mice by corresponding kits. Cell apoptosis in hippocampus tissues was examined by TUNEL staining. Protein levels of antioxidant enzymes (HO-1 and NQO1) in cerebral cortex, apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase), and PI3K/AKT pathway-associated factors in hippocampus were tested by western blot analysis. The results revealed that injection of rhBNP decreased neurologic deficit scores, the percent of brain water content, and infarct volume. Additionally, rhBNP downregulated MDA level, upregulated the levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH in hippocampus of mice, and increased protein levels of HO-1 and NQO1 in the cortex. Cell apoptosis in hippocampus tissues of model mice was inhibited by rhBNP which was shown as the reduced TUNEL-positive cells, the decreased Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9 protein levels, and the enhanced Bcl-2 protein level. In addition, rhBNP treatment activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and upregulated the protein levels of HO-1 and NRF2. Overall, rhBNP activates the PI3K/AKT/HO-1/NRF2 pathway to attenuate ischemic brain injury in mice after MCAO by suppression of cell apoptosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, 530031, China
| | - DaJing Su
- Department of Neurology, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, 530031, China
| | - HuaWen Lu
- Department of Neurology, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, 530031, China
| | - YunQing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, 530031, China
| | - YongGang Liu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, 530031, China
| | - ShaoHua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, 530031, China
| | - YuTing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, 530031, China
| | - KeMin Qin
- Department of Neurology, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, 530031, China
| | - XianTing Que
- Department of Neurology, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, 530031, China
| | - XiaoPing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, 530031, China
| | - BaiLing Qin
- Department of Neurology, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, 530031, China
| | - ZiJun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, 530031, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Medical Records, Nanning Second People's Hospital, No. 13, Dancun Road, Jiangnan District, Nanning, 530031, Guangxi, China.
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Hashemi Karoii D, Azizi H, Skutella T. Altered G-Protein Transduction Protein Gene Expression in the Testis of Infertile Patients with Nonobstructive Azoospermia. DNA Cell Biol 2023; 42:617-637. [PMID: 37610843 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that several members of the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) superfamily play crucial roles in the maintenance of ion-water homeostasis of the sperm and Sertoli cells, development of the germ cells, formation of the blood barrier, and maturation of sperm. The GPCR, guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor, membrane traffic protein, and small GTPase genes were analyzed by microarray and bioinformatics (3513 sperm and Sertoli cell genes). In the microarray analyses of three human cases with different nonobstructive azoospermia sperm, the expression of GOLGA8IP, OR2AT4, PHKA1, A2M, OR56A1, SEMA3G, LRRC17, APP, ARHGAP33, RABGEF1, NPY2R, GHRHR, LTB4R2, GRIK5, OR6K6, NAPG, OR6C65, VPS35, FPR3, and ARL4A was upregulated, while expression of MARS, SIRPG, OGFR, GPR150, LRRK1, and NGEF was downregulated. There was an increase in GBP3, GBP3, TNF, TGFB3, and CLTC expression in the Sertoli cells of three human cases with NOA, whereas expression of PAQR4, RRAGD, RAC2, SERPINB8, IRPB1, MRGPRF, RASA2, SIRPG, RGS2, RAP2A, RAB2B, ARL17, SERINC4, XIAP, DENND4C, ANKRA2, CSTA, STX18, and SNAP23 were downregulated. A combined analysis of Enrich Shiny Gene Ontology (GO), STRING, and Cytoscape was used to predict proteins' molecular interactions and then to recognize master pathways. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the biological process (BP), regulation of protein metabolic process, regulation of small GTPase-mediated signal transduction were significantly expressed in up-/downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in sperm. In molecular function (MF) experiments of DEGs that were up-/downregulated, it was found that GPCR activity, guanyl ribonucleotide binding, GTPase activity and nucleoside-triphosphatase activity were overexpressed. An analysis of GO enrichment findings of Sertoli cells showed BP and MF to be common DEGs. When these gene mutations have been validated, they can be used to create new GPCR antagonists or agonists that are receptor-selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Hashemi Karoii
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Thomas Skutella
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Xu WJ, Wu Q, He WN, Wang S, Zhao YL, Huang JX, Yan XS, Jiang R. Interleukin-6 and pulmonary hypertension: from physiopathology to therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181987. [PMID: 37449201 PMCID: PMC10337993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive, pulmonary vascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of PH is complex and remains unclear. Existing studies have suggested that inflammatory factors are key factors in PH. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system. Current studies reveal that IL-6 is elevated in the serum of patients with PH and it is negatively correlated with lung function in those patients. Since IL-6 is one of the most important mediators in the pathogenesis of inflammation in PH, signaling mechanisms targeting IL-6 may become therapeutic targets for this disease. In this review, we detailed the potential role of IL-6 in accelerating PH process and the specific mechanisms and signaling pathways. We also summarized the current drugs targeting these inflammatory pathways to treat PH. We hope that this study will provide a more theoretical basis for targeted treatment in patients with PH in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ni He
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Lin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Xia Huang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Shen Yan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Xu H, Xu S, Li L, Wu Y, Mai S, Xie Y, Tan Y, Li A, Xue F, He X, Li Y. Integrated metabolomics, network pharmacology and biological verification to reveal the mechanisms of Nauclea officinalis treatment of LPS-induced acute lung injury. Chin Med 2022; 17:131. [PMID: 36434729 PMCID: PMC9700915 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe inflammatory disease, underscoring the urgent need for novel treatments. Nauclea officinalis Pierre ex Pitard (Danmu in Chinese, DM) is effective in treating inflammatory respiratory diseases. However, there is still no evidence of its protective effect against ALI. METHODS Metabolomics was applied to identify the potential biomarkers and pathways in ALI treated with DM. Further, network pharmacology was introduced to predict the key targets of DM against ALI. Then, the potential pathways and key targets were further verified by immunohistochemistry and western blot assays. RESULTS DM significantly improved lung histopathological characteristics and inflammatory response in LPS-induced ALI. Metabolomics analysis showed that 16 and 19 differential metabolites were identified in plasma and lung tissue, respectively, and most of these metabolites tended to recover after DM treatment. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that the PI3K/Akt pathway may be the main signaling pathway of DM against ALI. The integrated analysis of metabolomics and network pharmacology identified 10 key genes. These genes are closely related to inflammatory response and cell apoptosis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and western blot verified that DM could regulate inflammatory response and cell apoptosis by affecting the PI3K/Akt pathway, and expression changes in Bax and Bcl-2 were also triggered. CONCLUSION This study first integrated metabolomics, network pharmacology and biological verification to investigate the potential mechanism of DM in treating ALI, which is related to the regulation of inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. And the integrated analysis can provide new strategies and ideas for the study of traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Hainan 571199 Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sicong Xu
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, 571199 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyan Li
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Hainan 571199 Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhuang Wu
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Hainan 571199 Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiying Mai
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Hainan 571199 Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqiang Xie
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, 571199 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinfeng Tan
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Hainan 571199 Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ailing Li
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 368 Yehai Av., Haikou, 571199 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengming Xue
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 368 Yehai Av., Haikou, 571199 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning He
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 368 Yehai Av., Haikou, 571199 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Li
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of R&D on Tropic Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, No. 3 Xueyuan Road, Hainan 571199 Haikou, People’s Republic of China ,grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 368 Yehai Av., Haikou, 571199 Hainan People’s Republic of China
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Hu Q, Luo K, Liu P, Mei Y. To discuss the mechanism of colchicine in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction based on network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30720. [PMID: 36197265 PMCID: PMC9509177 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of action of colchicine in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction (ACI) based on network pharmacology. The Swiss Target Prediction Database and CTD database were used to predict the target information of colchicine. ACI-related targets were retrieved using the GeneCards database, and the target protein interaction network (PPI) and active ingredient-target network were obtained by combining Cytoscape 3.7.1 software and R language. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis and gene function analysis (GO) enrichment analysis were performed using R language to preliminarily explore the multiple pharmacological mechanisms of action of colchicine. There were 200 targets identified by network parameter analysis; 958 ACI targets were identified. Overlapping comparisons allowed the extraction of 143 overlapping targets, and the top 30 targets were screened according to the topological isomerization parameters. Component-target networks were constructed. A PPI of overlapping targets was established to identify key targets. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis and GO functional enrichment analysis were performed to explore the multiple mechanisms of action of colchicine in the treatment of ACI. Colchicine treatment of ACI is characterized by multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway, and can exert complex network regulation through the interaction between different targets, providing a new idea and new basis for further exploration of the mechanism of action of colchicine in the treatment of ACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Institute of Geriatrics of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Qiaoxia Hu, Department of Geriatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Institute of Geriatrics of Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Ningbo 315020, China (e-mail: )
| | - Kena Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Institute of Geriatrics of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Puheng Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Institute of Geriatrics of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yifei Mei
- Department of Geriatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Institute of Geriatrics of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Moradian R, Najdegerami EH, Nikoo M, Nejati V. Ameliorating Effects of Bioactive Peptides Extracted from Litopenaeus vannamei Wastes on Oxidative Stress, Glucose Regulation, and Autophagy Gene Expression in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver-Induced Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022; 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36062167 PMCID: PMC9436606 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2679634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of bioactive peptides from Litopenaeus vannamei on oxidative stress, glucose regulation, and autophagy gene expression in the induced nonalcoholic fatty liver rats. Bioactive peptides used in the current study were extracted in a progressive rise in temperature (40–60°C) (GP). For this purpose, twenty-four healthy male rats (initial weight, 230.1 ± 22 g) were divided in four experimental groups including control (standard diet), HFD (high-fat diet), HFD + GP20, and 300 (high-fat diet + 20, 300 mg peptides/kg body weight). After 70 days, the results indicated that experimental treatments did not affect the body and liver weight (P > 0.05), although the higher liver weight was seen in HFD treatment. Based on these results, the use of GP peptides improved antioxidant enzymes and decreased MDA concentration, and a significant difference was observed between peptide treatments and HFD (P < 0.05). In comparison to the HFD group, significantly lower liver enzymes (ALT and AST) were seen in peptide treatments (P < 0.05). Also, the results indicated that the lowest amylase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and inflammation cytokines (TNF-ɑ and IL-6) were seen in peptide groups. The autophagy gene expression was measured in the liver cells, and the results showed that, unlike HFD treatment, the use of GP peptides decreased Beclin 1, Atg7, and P62 expression in male rat's livers. Overall, the results of the current study demonstrated that the use of GP peptides at low concentration shows significant hypoglycemia and antioxidant properties in nonalcoholic fatty liver-induced rats.
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Abstract
Significance: Previously, sulfur dioxide (SO2) was recognized as an air pollutant. However, it is found to be endogenously produced in mammalian tissues. As a new gasotransmitter, SO2 is involved in regulating the structure and function of blood vessels, heart, lung, gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, etc.Recent Advances: Increasing evidence showed that endogenous SO2 regulates cardiovascular physiological processes, such as blood pressure control, vasodilation, maintenance of the normal vascular structure, and cardiac negative inotropy. Under pathological conditions including hypertension, atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, aging endothelial dysfunction, myocardial injury, myocardial hypertrophy, diabetic myocardial fibrosis, sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, acute lung injury, colitis, epilepsy-related brain injury, depression and anxiety, and addictive drug reward memory consolidation, endogenous SO2 protects against the pathological changes via different molecular mechanisms and the disturbed SO2/aspartate aminotransferase pathway is likely involved in the mechanisms for the earlier mentioned pathologic processes. Critical Issues: A comprehensive understanding of the biological effects of endogenous SO2 is extremely important for the development of novel SO2 therapy. In this review, we summarized the biological effects, mechanism of action, SO2 detection methods, and its related prodrugs. Future Directions: Further studies should be conducted to understand the effects of endogenous SO2 in various physiological and pathophysiological processes and clarify its underlying mechanisms. More efficient and accurate SO2 detection methods, as well as specific and effective SO2-releasing systems should be designed for the treatment and prevention of clinical related diseases. The translation from SO2 basic medical research to its clinical application is also worthy of further study. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 256-274.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boyang Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Feng Y, Ye X, Peng H, Du J, Yao X, Huang Y, Jin H, Du J. Endogenous SO 2 Controls Cell Apoptosis: The State-of-the-Art. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:729728. [PMID: 34692686 PMCID: PMC8529009 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.729728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SO2, previously known as the product of industrial waste, has recently been proven to be a novel gasotransmitter in the cardiovascular system. It is endogenously produced from the metabolism pathway of sulfur-containing amino acids in mammalians. Endogenous SO2 acts as an important controller in the regulation of many biological processes including cardiovascular physiological and pathophysiological events. Recently, the studies on the regulatory effect of endogenous SO2 on cell apoptosis and its pathophysiological significance have attracted great attention. Endogenous SO2 can regulate the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, neuron, alveolar macrophages, polymorphonuclear neutrophils and retinal photoreceptor cells, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, myocardial injury, brain injury, acute lung injury, and retinal disease. Therefore, in the present study, we described the current findings on how endogenous SO2 is generated and metabolized, and we summarized its regulatory effects on cell apoptosis, underlying mechanisms, and pathophysiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University/Children’s Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University/Children’s Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiantong Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Yao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University/Children’s Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Meng F, Zhang Z, Chen C, Liu Y, Yuan D, Hei Z, Luo G. PI3K/AKT activation attenuates acute kidney injury following liver transplantation by inducing FoxO3a nuclear export and deacetylation. Life Sci 2021; 272:119119. [PMID: 33508296 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication of autologous orthotopic liver transplantation (AOLT). Apoptosis has been shown to be involved in renal ischemia/reperfusion, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is involved in numerous cell processes, including promoting cell survival and inhibiting apoptosis. We aimed to verify whether the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway participates in the development of post-AOLT AKI. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent AOLT with or without treatment with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1, a PI3K/AKT activator) and LY294002 (a PI3K/AKT inhibitor; n = 8/group). NRK-52E cells (rat renal tubular epithelial cell line) were subjected to hypoxia-re-oxygenation to mimic renal cell I/R injury in vitro, and confirm whether silencing information regulator 1 (SIRT1) mediated the protective effects of PI3K/AKT by deacetylating forkhead protein O3a (FoxO3a). KEY FINDINGS During the reperfusion stage, kidney injury peaked at 8 h after reperfusion, then gradually recovered, which was consistent with the dynamic changes in apoptosis and the protein expressions of Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim), Fas ligand (FasL), and nuclear FoxO3a AKT phosphorylation and nuclear SIRT1 protein expression were also upregulated. IGF-1 application decreased Bim, FasL, and nuclear FoxO3a protein expressions, and protected against apoptosis and AKI. In NRK-52E cells, IGF-1 upregulated nuclear SIRT1 expression, reduced FoxO3a acetylation, downregulated Bim and FasL protein expressions, and attenuated apoptosis and AKI; these effects were reversed by SIRT1 blocking. CONCLUSION The activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway not only induced FoxO3a nuclear export but also deacetylation through upregulating nuclear SIRT1 expression to attenuate post-AOLT AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanbing Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chaojin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Dongdong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Ziqing Hei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Gangjian Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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11
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Ding Q, Zhu W, Diao Y, Xu G, Wang L, Qu S, Shi Y. Elucidation of the Mechanism of Action of Ginseng Against Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by a Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:611794. [PMID: 33746744 PMCID: PMC7970560 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.611794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex cascade that develops from acute lung injury (ALI). Ginseng can be used to treat ALI/ARDS. Studies have shown that some of ingredients in ginseng had anti-inflammation, antioxidative, and immune regulation effects and can protect alveolar epithelial cells in mice. However, the potential targets, biological processes, and pathways related to ginseng against ALI/ARDS have not been investigated systematically. We employed network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experiments to explore the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanism of action of ginseng against ALI/ARDS. We identified 25 compounds using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry and their 410 putative targets through database analyses. Sixty-nine of them were considered to be key targets of ginseng against ALI/ARDS according to overlapping with ALI/ARDS-related targets and further screening in a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-AkT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were recognized to have critical roles for ginseng in ALI/ARDS treatment. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), MAPK1, and interleukin (IL) 2 were the top six nodes identified by analyses of a compound–target-pathway network. Molecular docking showed that most of the ingredients in ginseng could combine well with the six nodes. Ginseng could reduce the pathologic damage, neutrophil aggregation, proinflammatory factors, and pulmonary edema in vivo and inhibit the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway through downregulating expressions of STAT3, VEGFA, FGF2, PIK3CA, MAPK1, and IL2. Our study provides a theoretical basis for ginseng treatment of ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ding
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenxiang Zhu
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yirui Diao
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gonghao Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sihao Qu
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Shi X, Gao Y, Song L, Zhao P, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Sun R, Du Y, Gong M, Gao Q, Shi Y, Guo Q, Shi H. Sulfur dioxide derivatives produce antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 176:108252. [PMID: 32712276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) can be endogenously generated from sulfur-containing amino acids in animals and humans. Increasing evidence shows that endogenous SO2 may act as a gaseous molecule to participate in many physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of SO2 and its derivatives in the central nervous system remains poorly understood. The present study explored the protective effects of exogenous SO2 derivatives (Na2SO3:NaHSO3, 3:1 M/M) on cellular injury in vitro by using the cell proliferation assay (MTS), cell counting kit 8 assay (CCK-8), and cyto-flow assay in the corticosterone (CORT)-induced PC12 cell injury model. We also examined the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of SO2 derivatives on the chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depression mouse model by using the open field test, novelty suppressed feeding test, forced swimming test, tail suspension test, and sucrose preference test. In the MTS and CCK-8 assays, we found that preexposure of SO2 derivatives significantly blocked CORT-induced decrease of cellular survival without causing any negative effects. Results from the cyto-flow assay indicated that treatment with SO2 derivatives could reverse CORT-induced early and late apoptosis of PC12 cells. Systemic treatment with SO2 derivatives produced markedly antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activities in mice under normal condition and rapidly reversed CMS-induced depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. In conclusion, these findings indicate that exogenous SO2 derivatives show protective properties against the detrimental effects of stress and exert antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like actions. The present study suggests that exogenous SO2 derivatives are potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of depression, anxiety, and other stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Li Song
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Penghui Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yipu Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yuanjian Ding
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Ruoxuan Sun
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yuru Du
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Miao Gong
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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13
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Guo L, Wang Q, Zhang D. MicroRNA-4485 ameliorates severe influenza pneumonia via inhibition of the STAT3/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:215. [PMID: 32963621 PMCID: PMC7491079 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the potential roles and mechanism of microRNA-4485 (miR-4485) in severe influenza pneumonia. miR-4485 expression was detected in patients with severe H1N1 pneumonia using quantitative PCR. Furthermore, the effects of aberrantly expressed miR-4485 on H1N1-infected A549 cells were investigated using Cell Counting Kit-8, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, western blotting and (ELISA) assays. Furthermore, the regulatory relationships between miR-4485 and the STAT3-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were explored using a luciferase reporter and rescue assay. MiR-4485 expression was downregulated following H1N1 infection and in patients with H1N1 pneumonia. In addition, miR-4485 alleviated H1N1-induced A549 cell injury by promoting cell viability and the production of cytokines, as well as reducing apoptosis in A549 cells. Furthermore, STAT3 was revealed to be a target gene of miR-4485. Additionally, STAT3 silencing reversed the protective effects of miR-4485 knockdown on H1N1-induced cell injury via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, miR-4485 inhibited H1N1-induced severe pneumonia in A549 cells by targeting STAT3 via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Quanhong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Dongquan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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14
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Lou Y, Yu Q, Xu K, Tu Y, Balelang MF, Lu G, Zhu C, Dai Q, Geng W, Mo Y, Wang J. Electroacupuncture pre‑conditioning protects from lung injury induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion through TLR4 and NF‑κB in rats. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3225-3232. [PMID: 32945486 PMCID: PMC7453533 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) can induce inflammation, causing acute lung injury. The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB pathway plays an important role in acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of acupuncture in lung inflammatory injury. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying the protective effect of electroacupuncture (EA) against lung injury induced by limb I/R. EA applied at the Zusanli and Sanyinjiao acupoints attenuated lung injury and decreased the secretion of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and myeloperoxidase. Moreover, the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB were suppressed by EA. Thus, the present findings suggested that EA can reduce pulmonary inflammation induced by limb I/R injury, possibly via the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qimin Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Kaiwei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Meita Felicia Balelang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Guangtao Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Congying Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qinxue Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Wujun Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yunchang Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Junlu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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15
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Zou R, Wang MH, Chen Y, Fan X, Yang B, Du J, Wang XB, Liu KX, Zhou J. Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuates Acute Lung Injury Induced by Limb Ischemia/Reperfusion via Down-Regulating Chemerin and NLRP3 in Rats. Shock 2019; 52:134-41. [PMID: 29847499 DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Limb ischemia/reperfusion (LI/R) injury is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The hypothesis of this study is that hydrogen-rich solution could attenuateacute lung injury and improve mortality via chemerin and NLRP3 after LI/R in rats. A rat model of LI/R was performed by clamping the bilateral femoral arteries for 3 h followed by reperfusion. Hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) was administered intraperitoneally (10 mL/kg or 2.5 mL/kg) when the atraumatic micro clips were released. The rats were euthanized at 2 h after reperfusion and then the arterial blood and lung specimens were harvested for further analyses. Meanwhile, survival rate was observed. The results showed that HRS improved the survival rate and attenuated pulmonary edema, injury, and apoptosis. HRS also decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in serum and lung after the LI/R event. HRS downregulated the expression of chemerin and NLRP3 in lung. The study demonstrated that chemerin and NLRP3 could serve as important response factors that were involved in the lung injury following LI/R. HRS could significantly attenuate LI/R-mediated acute lung injury, at least in part, by inhibiting the activated chemerin/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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16
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Dong SA, Gong LR, Yu JB, Kan YX. The Role of Melatonin in Electroacupuncture Alleviating Lung Injury Induced by Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rabbits. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922525. [PMID: 32427819 PMCID: PMC7251961 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) can alleviate lung injury induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Material/Methods The animals were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham), model group (IR), electroacupuncture group (EA), sham electroacupuncture group (SEA), and EA+luzindole group (EA+luzindole). The limb ischemia-reperfusion model was established according to previously described, the rabbits in the EA and EA+luzindole groups were given EA at ST36 and BL13 for 7 days before the model preparation and during the model implementation, however, sham EA was mainly used to stimulate the rabbits in the SEA group with shallow needling at the points 0.5 cm near ST36 and BL13. Then, 30 mg/kg of luzindole was intraperitoneally injected 30 minutes before the model preparation in the EA+luzindole group. Results The wet weight/dry weight (W/D) ratio, lung injury score, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the EA group at 4 hours after reperfusion were significantly lower than those in the IR, SEA, and EA+luzindole groups. The levels of serum melatonin at T0 in the EA and EA+luzindole groups were significantly higher than those in the Sham group. The levels of serum melatonin at T1 and T2 in the IR group were significantly lower than those in the Sham group. There was no significant difference in the expression levels of melatonin receptor 1 (MR-1) and MR-2 in lung tissues among the 5 groups. Conclusions EA could alleviate the lung injury induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion by promoting the secretion of melatonin, while having no effect on the expression of melatonin receptor in lung tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-An Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Li-Rong Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jian-Bo Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yong-Xing Kan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dagang Hospital of Tianjin Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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Gokalp O, Eygi B, Gokalp G, Kiray M, Besir Y, Iscan S, Guvendi G, Yesilkaya NK, Iner H, Yilik L, Gurbuz A. Which Distant Organ is Most Affected by Lower Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion? Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 65:271-281. [PMID: 31927058 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been experimentally shown that reperfusion injury occurs in many remote organs after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) of the lower extremity. However, which distant organ is affected more after I/R of the lower extremity has not been investigated. In this study, we investigate which remote organ is predominantly affected after lower extremity I/R. METHODS Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: sham (group 1) and lower extremity I/R (group 2). In group 2, 1 hr of ischemia of the left lower extremity was followed by 24 hr of reperfusion of the limb. After reperfusion, the lung, liver, kidney, heart, and small intestine tissues were harvested in both groups. RESULTS In the I/R group, the malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in the heart and small intestine tissues than those in other tissues (P < 0.05). In addition, in the I/R group, the glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activities were also higher in the heart tissues than those in other tissues (P < 0.05). However, these results were not significant because the malondialdehyde, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase levels of the heart tissues in the control group were higher than those of the other tissues. Therefore, no statistically significant difference was found between the tissues in terms of the histological damage score we created and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling-positive cell numbers. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in the severity of reperfusion injury between the tissues we examined after lower extremity I/R. This suggests that every distal organ should be carefully monitored after lower extremity I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Gokalp
- Katip Celebi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Bortecin Eygi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gamze Gokalp
- Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Emergency, Konak, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muge Kiray
- Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yuksel Besir
- Katip Celebi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sahin Iscan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guven Guvendi
- Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nihan Karakas Yesilkaya
- Katip Celebi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Iner
- Katip Celebi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Levent Yilik
- Katip Celebi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Gurbuz
- Katip Celebi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey
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18
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Xu F, Zhou F. Inhibition of microRNA-92a ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction by targeting ITGA5 through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 78:106060. [PMID: 31841757 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overwhelming inflammation and extensive alveolar-endothelial injury are characteristic pathological features of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)). MicroRNAs are involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes including endothelial damage and inflammatory responses. However, little is known about their function and the molecules regulating lung microvascular endothelial injury. Here, we determined the levels of microRNA-92a (miR-92a) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). We found that miR-92a expression was greater in HPMECs treated with LPS than in control cells. Inhibition of miR-92a through transfection with a miR-92a inhibitor significantly increased HPMECs migration, enhanced tube formation, and improved endothelial cell barrier dysfunction. Inhibition of miR-92a ameliorated the inflammatory response by decreasing the release of the proinflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition, integrin α5 (ITGA5) was found to be a target gene of miR-92a in LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Western blot analysis showed that inhibition of miR-92a may ameliorate endothelial barrier dysfunction by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Together, these results reveal an important role of miR-92a in LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction, and suggest that miR-92a may have potential as a prognostic indicator and a future target for the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI)/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
| | - Fachun Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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Celada LJ, Kropski JA, Herazo-Maya JD, Luo W, Creecy A, Abad AT, Chioma OS, Lee G, Hassell NE, Shaginurova GI, Wang Y, Johnson JE, Kerrigan A, Mason WR, Baughman RP, Ayers GD, Bernard GR, Culver DA, Montgomery CG, Maher TM, Molyneaux PL, Noth I, Mutsaers SE, Prele CM, Peebles RS, Newcomb DC, Kaminski N, Blackwell TS, Van Kaer L, Drake WP. PD-1 up-regulation on CD4 + T cells promotes pulmonary fibrosis through STAT3-mediated IL-17A and TGF-β1 production. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/460/eaar8356. [PMID: 30257954 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aar8356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive inflammatory disease with high mortality and limited therapeutic options. Previous genetic and immunologic investigations suggest common intersections between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), sarcoidosis, and murine models of pulmonary fibrosis. To identify immune responses that precede collagen deposition, we conducted molecular, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric analysis of human and murine specimens. Immunohistochemistry revealed programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) up-regulation on IPF lymphocytes. PD-1+CD4+ T cells with reduced proliferative capacity and increased transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/interleukin-17A (IL-17A) expression were detected in IPF, sarcoidosis, and bleomycin CD4+ T cells. PD-1+ T helper 17 cells are the predominant CD4+ T cell subset expressing TGF-β. Coculture of PD-1+CD4+ T cells with human lung fibroblasts induced collagen-1 production. Strikingly, ex vivo PD-1 pathway blockade resulted in reductions in TGF-β and IL-17A expression from CD4+ T cells, with concomitant declines in collagen-1 production from fibroblasts. Molecular analysis demonstrated PD-1 regulation of the transcription factor STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). Chemical blockade of STAT3, using the inhibitor STATTIC, inhibited collagen-1 production. Both bleomycin administration to PD-1 null mice or use of antibody against programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) demonstrated significantly reduced fibrosis compared to controls. This work identifies a critical, previously unrecognized role for PD-1+CD4+ T cells in pulmonary fibrosis, supporting the use of readily available therapeutics that directly address interstitial lung disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J Celada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jose D Herazo-Maya
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Weifeng Luo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Amy Creecy
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Andrew T Abad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ozioma S Chioma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Grace Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Natalie E Hassell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Guzel I Shaginurova
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yufen Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joyce E Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Amy Kerrigan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wendi R Mason
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert P Baughman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Gregory D Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gordon R Bernard
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Daniel A Culver
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Courtney G Montgomery
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73126, USA
| | - Toby M Maher
- National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Imre Noth
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Steven E Mutsaers
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Centre for Respiratory Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Cecilia M Prele
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Centre for Respiratory Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - R S Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wonder P Drake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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20
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Zhang N, Han L, Xue Y, Deng Q, Wu Z, Peng H, Zhang Y, Xuan L, Pan G, Fu Q. The Protective Effect of Magnesium Lithospermate B on Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion via Inhibiting the Jak2/Stat3 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:620. [PMID: 31231218 PMCID: PMC6558428 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is an important component of the pathogenesis of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI). Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) has strong neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether MLB had underlying protective effects against hepatic I/R injury and to reveal the potential mechanisms related to the hepatoprotective effects. In this study, we first examined the protective effect of MLB on HIRI in mice that underwent 1 h ischemia followed by 6 h reperfusion. MLB pretreatment alleviated the abnormal liver function and hepatocyte damage induced by I/R injury. We found that serum inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, were significantly decreased by MLB during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, suggesting that MLB may alleviate hepatic I/R injury via inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways. Second, we investigated the protein level of p-Jak2/Jak2 and p-Stat3/Stat3 using Western blotting and found that MLB could significantly inhibit the activation of the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway, which was further verified by AG490 in a mouse model. Finally, the effect of MLB on the Jak2/Stat3 pathway was further assessed in an in vitro model of RAW 264.7 cells; 1 µg/ml LPS induced the secretion of inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, TNF-α, and activation of the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway. MLB significantly inhibited the abnormal secretion of inflammatory factors and the activation of the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, MLB was found for the first time to reduce inflammation induced by hepatic I/R via suppressing the Jak2/Stat3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Han
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaru Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiangqiang Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhitao Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huige Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijiang Xuan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyu Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Ji XX, Ji XJ, Li QQ, Lu XX, Luo L. Rosiglitazone Reduces Apoptosis and Inflammation in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6200-6207. [PMID: 30185768 PMCID: PMC6140784 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-g (PPARg) agonist rosiglitazone has significant anti-inflammatory properties, no scientific studies have provided new insights in its pharmacological properties with respect to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The present investigation aimed to evaluate whether rosiglitazone can reduce apoptosis and inflammation in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in vitro model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 1 µg/ml LPS in the absence or presence of 10 µM rosiglitazone for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to examine the cell apoptosis and ROS production in HUVECs response to LPS and rosiglitazone. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine factors, including TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL12, and CXCR4, were measured by ELISA, real-time PCR, and Western blot assay, respectively. The expression of PPARg, Bcl-2, and Bax and the activity of JAK2 and STAT3 were also investigated by Western blot assay. RESULTS We found that rosiglitazone significantly inhibited LPS-induced cell apoptosis, ROS production, and inflammation in HUVECs. Furthermore, we found a significant reduction of JAK2/STAT3 activation and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in LPS-induced HUVECs response to rosiglitazone treatment. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with rosiglitazone can reduce apoptosis and inflammation in HUVECs induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Ji
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Jing Ji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wuxi No.2 Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Qian-Qian Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Xian Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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22
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Qi J, Xian XH, Li L, Zhang M, Hu YY, Zhang JG, Li WB. Sulbactam Protects Hippocampal Neurons Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation by Up-Regulating Astrocytic GLT-1 via p38 MAPK Signal Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:281. [PMID: 30158854 PMCID: PMC6104165 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulbactam is an atypical β-lactam medication and reported to be neuroprotective by up-regulating glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) in rats. The present study was undertaken to study the role of p38 MAPK signal pathway in sulbactam induced up-regulation of GLT-1 expression in astrocytes and anti-ischemic effect. Neuron-astrocyte co-cultures and astrocyte cultures from neonatal Wistar rats were used. Cerebral ischemia was mimicked by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Hoechst (HO)/propidium iodide (PI) double fluorescence staining and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay were used to evaluate neuronal death and cell viability, respectively. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot were used to detect protein expressions. Sulbactam pre-incubation significantly and dose-dependently prevented neuronal death and decline in cell viability induced by OGD in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures, and upregulated GLT-1 expression in astrocyte cultures endured OGD, which suggested that sulbactam might protect neurons against OGD by up-regulating astrocytic GLT-1 expression. It was further shown that the phosphorylated-p38 MAPK expression in astrocytes was up-regulated after the sulbactam pre-incubation and this up-regulation was moderate in amplitude. Especially, the time course of the up-regulation of phosphorylated-p38 MAPK was obviously earlier than that of GLT-1, which suggested possibility that p38 MAPK might be an upstream signal for GLT-1 up-regulation induced by sulbactam. We further found that SB203580, the specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, dose-dependently inhibited the GLT-1 up-regulation induced by sulbactam either in non- or OGD-treated astrocytes and the protective effect of sulbactam on co-cultured neurons against OGD. Taken together, it might be concluded that sulbactam protects cerebral neurons against OGD by up-regulating astrocytic GLT-1 expression via p38 MAPK signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Science and Technology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Neuroscience Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing-Ge Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Neuroscience Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Aging and Cognition Neuroscience Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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23
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Luo N, Liu J, Chen Y, Li H, Hu Z, Abbott GW. Remote ischemic preconditioning STAT3-dependently ameliorates pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196186. [PMID: 29768493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lungs are highly susceptible to injury, including ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Pulmonary I/R injury can occur when correcting conditions such as primary pulmonary hypertension, and is also relatively common after lung transplantation or other cardiothoracic surgery. Methods to reduce pulmonary I/R injury are urgently needed to improve outcomes following procedures such as lung transplantation. Remote liver ischemic preconditioning (RLIPC) is an effective cardioprotective measure, reducing damage caused by subsequent cardiac I/R injury, but little is known about its potential role in pulmonary protection. Here, we analyzed the efficacy and mechanistic basis of RLIPC in a rat model of pulmonary I/R injury. RLIPC reduced lung I/R injury, lessening structural damage, inflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis. In addition, RLIPC preserved pulmonary function compared to controls following lung I/R injury. RLIPC stimulated phosphorylation of pulmonary STAT3, a component of the SAFE signaling pathway, but not phosphorylation of RISK pathway signaling proteins. Accordingly, STAT3 inhibition using AG490 eliminated the pulmonary protection afforded by RLIPC. Our data demonstrate for the first time that RLIPC protects against pulmonary I/R injury, via a signaling pathway requiring STAT3 phosphorylation.
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24
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Zhang D, Wang X, Tian X, Zhang L, Yang G, Tao Y, Liang C, Li K, Yu X, Tang X, Tang C, Zhou J, Kong W, Du J, Huang Y, Jin H. The Increased Endogenous Sulfur Dioxide Acts as a Compensatory Mechanism for the Downregulated Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Pathway in the Endothelial Cell Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:882. [PMID: 29760703 PMCID: PMC5936987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are regarded as important regulators to control endothelial cell function and protect endothelial cell against various injuries. In our present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of endogenous H2S on the SO2 generation in the endothelial cells and explore its significance in the endothelial inflammation in vitro and in vivo. The human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) line (EA.hy926), primary HUVECs, primary rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells (RPAECs), and purified aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) protein from pig heart were used for in vitro experiments. A rat model of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary vascular inflammation was used for in vivo experiments. We found that endogenous H2S deficiency caused by cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) knockdown increased endogenous SO2 level in endothelial cells and enhanced the enzymatic activity of AAT, a major SO2 synthesis enzyme, without affecting the expressions of AAT1 and AAT2. While H2S donor could reverse the CSE knockdown-induced increase in the endogenous SO2 level and AAT activity. Moreover, H2S donor directly inhibited the activity of purified AAT protein, which was reversed by a thiol reductant DTT. Mechanistically, H2S donor sulfhydrated the purified AAT1/2 protein and rescued the decrease in the sulfhydration of AAT1/2 protein in the CSE knockdown endothelial cells. Furthermore, an AAT inhibitor l-aspartate-β-hydroxamate (HDX), which blocked the upregulation of endogenous SO2/AAT generation induced by CSE knockdown, aggravated CSE knockdown-activated nuclear factor-κB pathway in the endothelial cells and its downstream inflammatory factors including ICAM-1, TNF-α, and IL-6. In in vivo experiment, H2S donor restored the deficiency of endogenous H2S production induced by MCT, and reversed the upregulation of endogenous SO2/AAT pathway via sulfhydrating AAT1 and AAT2. In accordance with the results of the in vitro experiment, HDX exacerbated the pulmonary vascular inflammation induced by the broken endogenous H2S production in MCT-treated rat. In conclusion, for the first time, the present study showed that H2S inhibited endogenous SO2 generation by inactivating AAT via the sulfhydration of AAT1/2; and the increased endogenous SO2 generation might play a compensatory role when H2S/CSE pathway was downregulated, thereby exerting protective effects in endothelial inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guosheng Yang
- Animal Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghong Tao
- Animal Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinjing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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25
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Ge E, Fan M, Qiu H, Hu H, Tian L, Wang X, Xu G, Wei X. Ambient sulfur dioxide levels associated with reduced risk of initial outpatient visits for tuberculosis: A population based time series analysis. Environ Pollut 2017; 228:408-415. [PMID: 28554030 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent biochemical studies suggest that exogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) at low concentrations may have been beneficial in inhibiting mycobacteria tuberculosis (TB) growth. However, there is a dearth of population-based studies. OBJECTIVES To examine the association of ambient SO2 levels and initial TB outpatient visits. METHODS In Ningbo, China, we collected all daily initial outpatient visits for TB and routinely air pollution monitoring data between January 2009 and December 2013. A time-series study was conducted by using generalized additive regression (GAM) with log-linear Poisson models to estimate the associations between daily initial TB outpatient visits and daily average concentration of SO2. Other traffic-related co-pollutants were adjusted. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the relationship when 1% extreme SO2 concentrations excluded or if related to the early onsets of TB symptoms. RESULTS SO2 concentrations in Ningbo were low with a daily average of 25 μg/m3 (i.e. 0.0089 ppm). Negative associations were identified between ambient SO2 concentrations and daily initial TB outpatient visits. A 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2 at lag3 and lag0-3 days were associated with -2.0% (95%CI, -3.2, -0.8) and -4.6% (95%CI, -6.8, -2.4) changes, respectively, in initial TB outpatient visits according to single-pollutant models. The negative association became stronger when nitrogen dioxide (NO2) or particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) was adjusted in two-pollutant models. This association was higher in males vs. females and in middle-aged adults vs. the elderly. We found a stronger negative association between SO2 concentration and the initial symptom occurrence. CONCLUSION Short-term exposure to ambient SO2 was associated with reduced risk of initial TB outpatient visits, suggesting acute protective effects of low-level ambient SO2 exposure on bacteria-induced pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjia Ge
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Min Fan
- Jockey Club School of Public Health & Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hong Qiu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Howard Hu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Guozhang Xu
- Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xiaolin Wei
- Division of Clinical Public Health, and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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26
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Liu H, Liu W, Tang X, Wang T, Sun X, Lv J. IL-6/STAT3/miR-34a protects against neonatal lung injury patients. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4355-4361. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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27
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Yao W, Li H, Luo G, Li X, Chen C, Yuan D, Chi X, Xia Z, Hei Z. SERPINB1 ameliorates acute lung injury in liver transplantation through ERK1/2-mediated STAT3-dependent HO-1 induction. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:542-553. [PMID: 28427999 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe complication after liver transplantation, which severely affects postoperative patients' survival. The underlying mechanism is largely unknown and effective treatment limited. We explored the role of serpin protease inhibitor B1 (SERPINB1), a potent inhibitor of neutrophil serine proteases, in ALI in liver transplantation and its interplay with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats underwent orthotopic autologous liver transplantation (OALT) were treated with recombinant SB1 (rSB1) in the absence or presence of STAT3 specific inhibitor, WP1066. Then SB1-siRNA was used to knockdown endogenous SERPINB1. Also, alveolar epithelial cells RLE-6TN and BEAS-2B were exposed to TNF-α without or with SERPINB1 and the roles of STAT3 and HO-1 were examined by respective gene knockdown. Finally, rats were treated with ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126, p38 MAPK inhibitor SB20358, or JNK inhibitor SP600125 after rSB1 pretreatment and then subjected to OALT. RESULTS OALT resulted in increased pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress, accompanied by severe lung injury that was coincident with increased pulmonary SERPINB1, HO-1, and STAT3. SERPINB1 gene knockdown increased post-OALT lung injury and pulmonary inflammation. rSB1 administration dose-dependently reduced post-OALT lung injury and decreased pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress with concomitant enhanced HO-1 and STAT3 protein expression. These protective effects of SERPINB1 were abolished by STAT3 inhibition. Similarly, in RLE-6TN cells and BEAS-2B cells, TNF-α induced cell injury and increased HO-1 and STAT3. SERPINB1 further increased HO-1 and STAT3 protein expression and attenuated TNF-α-induced cellular oxidative stress, apoptotic cells, and mitochondria damage, which were cancelled by STAT3 or HO-1 gene knockdown. Furthermore, these SERPINB1-mediated STAT3/HO-1 activation and pulmonary protective effects were abolished by inhibition of ERK1/2 but not p38 MAPK or JNK. CONCLUSIONS SERPINB1 decreased inflammation, ameliorated oxidative stress in the lung, and attenuated ALI in rats with OALT by activating HO-1 and it does so through STAT3 and it does so by activating ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical university, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gangjian Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Chaojin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Dongdong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xinjin Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical university, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziqing Hei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
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Zhao YR, Lv WR, Zhou JL. Role of carbonyl sulfide in acute lung injury following limb ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Eur J Med Res 2017; 22:12. [PMID: 28351415 PMCID: PMC5371182 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-017-0255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of carbonyl sulfide (COS) on limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and the associated mechanism in rats. METHODS ALI was induced by bilateral hind limb I/R in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Sixty-four SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, I/R group, I/R + COS group, and I/R + AIR group. We observed the survival rate of the rats and the morphological changes of lung tissues, and we measured the change in the lung coefficient, the expression levels of the intercellular adhesion factor-1 (ICAM-1) protein in lung tissue, the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-lβ, and interleukin (IL)-6 in both lung tissue and serum, and cell apoptosis. RESULTS Limb I/R caused significant lung tissue damage. The number of polymorphonuclear neutrophil in alveolar septa, the expression level of the ICAM-1 protein in lung tissue, the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in lung tissue and serum, the lung coefficient, and cell apoptosis all increased. When a low dose of COS gas was administered prior to limb I/R, the variation of the above indicators was significantly reduced, while an increase in the dose of COS did not reduce the lung injury but rather increased the mortality rate. CONCLUSION Carbonyl sulfide is another new gaseous signaling molecule, and a low dose of exogenous COS may play a protective role in I/R-induced ALI by acting as an anti-inflammatory agent by promoting the production of antioxidants and by inhibiting the expression of adhesion molecule proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Rui Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Gong Ren Ti Yu Chang Nan Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Rui Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Gong Ren Ti Yu Chang Nan Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Lin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Gong Ren Ti Yu Chang Nan Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Beckers PAJ, Gielis JF, Van Schil PE, Adriaensen D. Lung ischemia reperfusion injury: the therapeutic role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibition. Ann Transl Med 2017; 5:129. [PMID: 28462209 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.01.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a cell surface protease that has been reported to play a role in glucose homeostasis, cancer, HIV, autoimmunity, immunology and inflammation. A role for DPP4 in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in the heart has been established. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibition (DPP4i) appeared to decrease infarct size, improves cardiac function and promotes myocardial regeneration. Lung ischemia reperfusion injury is caused by a complex mechanism in which macrophages and neutrophils play an important role. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolism, and generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines lead to acute lung injury (ALI). In this review we present the current knowledge on DPP4 as a target to treat IRI in the lung. We also provide evidence of the roles of the DPP4 substrates glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) in protection against oxidative stress through activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1/2 and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A J Beckers
- Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy & Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jan F Gielis
- Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy & Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Paul E Van Schil
- Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy & Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dirk Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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