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Tarmizi AAA, Wagiran A, Mohd Salleh F, Chua LS, Abdullah FI, Hasham R, Binte Mostafiz S. Integrated Approach for Species Identification and Quality Analysis for Labisia pumila Using DNA Barcoding and HPLC. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040717. [PMID: 33917172 PMCID: PMC8067811 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Labisia pumila is a precious herb in Southeast Asia that is traditionally used as a health supplement and has been extensively commercialized due to its claimed therapeutic properties in boosting a healthy female reproductive system. Indigenous people used these plants by boiling the leaves; however, in recent years it has been marketed as powdered or capsuled products. Accordingly, accuracy in determination of the authenticity of these modern herbal products has faced great challenges. Lack of authenticity is a public health risk because incorrectly used herbal species can cause adverse effects. Hence, any measures that may aid product authentication would be beneficial. Given the widespread use of Labisia herbal products, the current study focuses on authenticity testing via an integral approach of DNA barcoding and qualitative analysis using HPLC. This study successfully generated DNA reference barcodes (ITS2 and rbcL) for L. pumila var. alata and pumila. The DNA barcode that was generated was then used to identify species of Labisia pumila in herbal medicinal products, while HPLC was utilized to determine their quality. The findings through the synergistic approach (DNA barcode and HPLC) implemented in this study indicate the importance of both methods in providing the strong evidence required for the identification of true species and to examine the authenticity of such herbal medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auni Aqilah Ahmad Tarmizi
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (A.A.A.T.); (F.M.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Alina Wagiran
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (A.A.A.T.); (F.M.S.); (S.B.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-19-7632512
| | - Faezah Mohd Salleh
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (A.A.A.T.); (F.M.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Lee Suan Chua
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (L.S.C.); (F.I.A.); (R.H.)
| | - Farah Izana Abdullah
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (L.S.C.); (F.I.A.); (R.H.)
| | - Rosnani Hasham
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (L.S.C.); (F.I.A.); (R.H.)
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Suraiya Binte Mostafiz
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (A.A.A.T.); (F.M.S.); (S.B.M.)
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Teh BP, Ahmad N, Ibnu Rasid EN, Zolkifli NA, Sastu@Zakaria UR, Mohamed Yusoff N, Zulkapli A, Japri N, Lee JC, Muhammad H. Herbal-Based Formulation Containing Eurycoma longifolia and Labisia pumila Aqueous Extracts: Safe for Consumption? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020142. [PMID: 33579048 PMCID: PMC7916751 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A combined polyherbal formulation containing tongkat ali (Eurycoma longifolia) and kacip fatimah (Labisia pumila) aqueous extracts was evaluated for its safety aspect. A repeated dose 28-day toxicity study using Wistar rats was conducted where the polyherbal formulation was administered at doses 125, 500 and 2000 mg/kg body weight to male and female treatment groups daily via oral gavage, with rats receiving only water as the control group. In-life parameters measured include monitoring of food and water consumption and clinical and functional observations. On day 29, blood was collected for haematological and biochemical analysis. The rats were necropsied and the organs were collected for histopathological examination. This study showed that the combined formulation did not induce any significant toxicity effect at any dose level in terms of morbidity, mortality, behaviour, functional observation, body weight, food and water consumption, whole blood haematology and serum biochemistry. However, there were some microscopic changes in the histopathological examinations of some organs given 2000 mg/kg body weight, which may suggest an early response to the polyherbal formulation. From this study, the no observed adverse effect level is estimated to be more than 500 mg/kg body weight but not exceeding 2000 mg/kg body weight. The observed effects at the highest dose indicate the need for further study of longer dosing duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ping Teh
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (N.A.); (E.N.I.R.); (N.A.Z.); (U.R.S.); (N.M.Y.); (N.J.); (J.C.L.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-33362-7961
| | - Norzahirah Ahmad
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (N.A.); (E.N.I.R.); (N.A.Z.); (U.R.S.); (N.M.Y.); (N.J.); (J.C.L.); (H.M.)
| | - Elda Nurafnie Ibnu Rasid
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (N.A.); (E.N.I.R.); (N.A.Z.); (U.R.S.); (N.M.Y.); (N.J.); (J.C.L.); (H.M.)
| | - Nor Azlina Zolkifli
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (N.A.); (E.N.I.R.); (N.A.Z.); (U.R.S.); (N.M.Y.); (N.J.); (J.C.L.); (H.M.)
| | - Umi Rubiah Sastu@Zakaria
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (N.A.); (E.N.I.R.); (N.A.Z.); (U.R.S.); (N.M.Y.); (N.J.); (J.C.L.); (H.M.)
| | - Norliyana Mohamed Yusoff
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (N.A.); (E.N.I.R.); (N.A.Z.); (U.R.S.); (N.M.Y.); (N.J.); (J.C.L.); (H.M.)
| | - Azlina Zulkapli
- Medical Resource Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Norfarahana Japri
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (N.A.); (E.N.I.R.); (N.A.Z.); (U.R.S.); (N.M.Y.); (N.J.); (J.C.L.); (H.M.)
| | - June Chelyn Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (N.A.); (E.N.I.R.); (N.A.Z.); (U.R.S.); (N.M.Y.); (N.J.); (J.C.L.); (H.M.)
| | - Hussin Muhammad
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (N.A.); (E.N.I.R.); (N.A.Z.); (U.R.S.); (N.M.Y.); (N.J.); (J.C.L.); (H.M.)
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Shirsat P, A R Z, Kashikar R, Athavale M, Athavale T, Taware P, Saldanha T, Kolhe S, Tembhurne S. Subacute toxicity study of the ethanolic extract of Mesua ferrea (L.) flowers in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1570-1577. [PMID: 33207941 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1847134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesua ferrea Linn. is used traditionally in India and South East Asian countries as an antiseptic, antidote and a brain tonic. Recent pharmacological studies on the plant have highlighted M. ferrea to be a rich source of secondary metabolites, with proven therapeutic applications. Since the toxicity of a plant following repeated exposure is of higher clinical significance, the present investigation was conducted to establish the subacute toxicity profile of the ethanolic extract of Mesua ferrea flowers (MFE). The study was conducted in accordance with the OECD Guideline 407, wherein MFE was administered orally to groups of male and female rats (n = 5/group/sex) at the doses of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, over a period of 28 days. Repeated administration of MFE had no adverse effect on the growth rate and hematological parameters of the animals. There were no changes in the biochemical parameters, except for a slight decrease in the CHOL (total cholesterol) levels, and an increase in the levels of AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase), at the highest dose. The latter corroborated with the histopathological findings exhibiting mild lymphocytic infiltration and hepatocyte degeneration observed in the liver tissues of both sexes. According to the study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of M. ferrea in the 28-day repeated dose toxicity study in rats was 500 mg/kg. Though the overall effects of the extract at the highest dose did not translate into any serious complications, its effect on hepatic function needs to be established over a longer period of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Shirsat
- Department of Pharmacology, AISSMS College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India
| | - Ziyaurrahman A R
- Department of Pharmacology, MCE Society's Allana College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India
| | - Rama Kashikar
- Department of Pharmacology, AISSMS College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India
| | - Manjushree Athavale
- Department of Pharmacology, AISSMS College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India
| | - Tejas Athavale
- Department of Pharmacology, AISSMS College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India
| | - Pritam Taware
- Department of Pharmacology, AISSMS College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India
| | - Tina Saldanha
- Department of Pharmacology, AISSMS College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India
| | - Swati Kolhe
- Department of Pharmacology, AISSMS College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India
| | - Sachin Tembhurne
- Department of Pharmacology, AISSMS College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India
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Aladdin NA, Husain K, Jalil J, Sabandar CW, Jamal JA. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of a new isocoumarin obtained from Marantodes pumilum var. pumila leaves. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:324. [PMID: 33109178 PMCID: PMC7590683 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In traditional Malay medicine, Marantodes pumilum (Blume) Kuntze (family Primulaceae) is commonly used by women to treat parturition, flatulence, dysentery, dysmenorrhea, gonorrhea, and bone diseases. Preliminary screening of some Primulaceae species showed that they possess xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of three varieties of M. pumilum and their phytochemical compounds. METHOD Dichloromethane, methanol, and water extracts of the leaves and roots of M. pumilum var. alata, M. pumilum var. pumila, and M. pumilum var. lanceolata were tested using an in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory assay. Bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation were carried out on the most active extract using chromatographic techniques. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined using spectroscopic techniques. RESULTS The most active dichloromethane extract of M. pumilum var. pumila leaves (IC50 = 161.6 μg/mL) yielded one new compound, 3,7-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-4,8-dimethyl-isocoumarin (1), and five known compounds, viz. ardisiaquinone A (2), maesanin (3), stigmasterol (4), tetracosane (5), and margaric acid (6). The new compound was found to be the most active xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.66 ± 0.01 μg/mL, which was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from that of the positive control, allopurinol (IC50 = 0.24 ± 0.00 μg/mL). CONCLUSION This study suggests that the new compound 3,7-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-4,8-dimethyl-isocoumarin (1), which was isolated from the dichloromethane extract of M. pumilum var. pumila leaves, could be a potential xanthine oxidase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor-Ashila Aladdin
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairana Husain
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Carla Wulandari Sabandar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka, Kolaka, Indonesia
| | - Jamia Azdina Jamal
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Madzuki IN, Lau SF, Mohamad Shalan NAA, Mohd Ishak NI, Mohamed S. Does cartilage ERα overexpression correlate with osteoarthritic chondrosenescence? Indications from Labisia pumila OA mitigation. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nurdiana N, Mariati N, Noorhamdani N, Setiawan B, Budhiparama N, Noor Z. Effects of Labisia pumila on bone turnover markers and OPG/RANKL system in a rat model of post-menopausal osteoporosis. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Antitumour, acute toxicity and molecular modeling studies of 4-(pyridin-4-yl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl) pyrimidin-2(1H)-one against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and sarcoma-180. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00661. [PMID: 30003157 PMCID: PMC6039700 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to discover an effective and selective antitumour agent, synthesis and anti-cancer potential of 4-(pyridin-4-yl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl) pyrimidin-2(1H)-one (SK-25), which has been reported earlier by us with significant cytotoxicity towards MiaPaCa-2 malignant cells, with an IC50 value of 1.95 μM and was found to instigate apoptosis. In the present study, the antitumour efficacy of SK-25 was investigated on Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT, solid), Sarcoma 180 (solid) tumour and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. The compound was found to inhibit tumour development by 94.71% in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), 59.06% in Ehrlich tumour (ET, solid) and 45.68% in Sarcoma-180 (solid) at 30 mg/kg dose. Additionally, SK-25 was established to be non-toxic at a maximum tolerated dose of 1000 mg/kg in acute oral toxicity in Swiss-albino mice. Computer-based predictions also show that the compounds could have an interesting DMPK profile since all 51 computed physicochemical parameters fall within the recommended range for 95% of known drugs. The current study provides insight for further investigation of the antitumour potential of the molecule.
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Madzuki IN, Lau SF, Che Ahmad Tantowi NA, Mohd Ishak NI, Mohamed S. Labisia pumila prevented osteoarthritis cartilage degeneration by attenuating joint inflammation and collagen breakdown in postmenopausal rat model. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1207-1217. [PMID: 29460078 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The tropical herb Labisia pumila is traditionally used in facilitating childbirth and post-partum care. The effects of L. pumila leaf extract (LP) in explant cartilage culture and on postmenopausal osteoarthritis (OA) rat model were assessed. The LP (10, 25 and 50 µg/ml) or diclofenac (10 µg/ml) was added to the cartilage explants containing bovine IL-1β (20 ng/ml), to evaluate their direct effects on cartilage degradation. In the preclinical study, rats were grouped (n = 8) into: non-treated OA; OA + diclofenac (5 mg/kg); OA + LP extract (150 and 300 mg/kg); and healthy control. To induce OA, monosodium iodoacetate was injected into the ovariectomised female rats' intra-articular knee joints and evaluated for OA severity after 8 weeks via physical (radiological, macroscopic and histological observations), biochemical, ELISA and mRNA expression analysis (for inflammation and cartilage degradation biomarkers). The LP reduced the nitric oxide and proteoglycan release from the cartilage explants under IL-1β induction. The radiological, macroscopic, microscopic and histological images showed the OA rats treated with LP and diclofenac had significantly reduced osteophytes and cartilage erosions compared to non-treated OA rats. The extract significantly up-regulated the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10, collagen type II and down-regulated pro-inflammatory PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2) mRNA expressions compared to non-treated control. The LP treatment significantly reduced serum collagenases (MMP-1 and MMP-3) and collagen type II degradation biomarker (CTX-II) levels in OA rats. The LP containing myricetin and gallic acid suppressed inflammation, collagenases and cartilage degradation, and helped cartilage matrix synthesis, to prevent OA at the dose equivalent to 30-60 mg/kg daily for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffah Nadhira Madzuki
- UPM-MAKNA Laboratory of Cancer Research, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.,Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, UniMAP, Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Seng Fong Lau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Adeelah Che Ahmad Tantowi
- UPM-MAKNA Laboratory of Cancer Research, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Iliyani Mohd Ishak
- UPM-MAKNA Laboratory of Cancer Research, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Suhaila Mohamed
- UPM-MAKNA Laboratory of Cancer Research, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
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A 56-Day Oral Toxicity Study of the Aqueous Extract of Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2016:7403087. [PMID: 28105062 PMCID: PMC5220504 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7403087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapanea melanophloeos is a tropical tree that is extensively utilized in African traditional medicine to treat helminthiases, tuberculosis, and heart-water. As with many other medicinal plants, there is insufficient information regarding the safety of therapeutic R. melanophloeos extracts. An aqueous extract of R. melanophloeos stem bark was administered to Sprague Dawley rats at doses of 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg for 56 days to characterize its potential toxicity after prolonged dosing. Blood samples were obtained fortnightly for serum chemistry and hematology, while organs were collected at the end of the study. The extract caused an increase in organ weight indices of the kidneys and testis at 300 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg. Hematological and biochemical examination revealed a drop in leukocyte counts and the hematocrit at 1000 mg/kg dose level, while there was a general but nondose-related elevation in alkaline phosphatase activity. There were time-associated variations in the hematological and clinical chemistry parameters at days 28, 42, and 56 in all dose levels, but most values remained within physiological limits. No pathological lesions were evident at histopathology after treatment with the extract. Our data shows that the aqueous extract of R. melanophloeos is not likely to be toxic at the doses tested and provides support to its medicinal use.
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Nurdiana N, Mariati N, Noorhamdani N, Setiawan B, Budhiparama N, Noor Z. Effects of Labisia pumila on oxidative stress in rat model of post-menopausal osteoporosis. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Aladdin NA, Jamal JA, Talip N, Hamsani NAM, Rahman MRA, Sabandar CW, Muhammad K, Husain K, Jalil J. Comparative study of three Marantodes pumilum varieties by microscopy, spectroscopy and chromatography. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Mohd Effendy N, Abdullah S, Yunoh MFM, Shuid AN. Time and dose-dependent effects of Labisia pumila on the bone strength of postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:58. [PMID: 25887391 PMCID: PMC4364645 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-menopausal osteoporosis has long been treated and prevented by estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). Despite its effectiveness, ERT is associated with serious adverse effects. Labisia pumila var. alata (LP) is a herb with potential as an alternative agent to ERT due to its phytoestrogenic, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on bone. This study aimed to determine the effects of LP supplementation on bone biomechanical strength of postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. METHODS Ninety-six female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4 to 5 months old were randomly divided into six groups; six rats in the baseline group (BL) and eighteen rats in each group of; Sham- operated (Sham), ovariectomised control (OVXC) and ovariectomised with daily oral gavages of Premarin at 64.5 μg/kg (ERT), LP at 20 mg/kg (LP20) and LP at 100 mg/kg (LP100) respectively. These groups were subdivided into three, six and nine weeks of treatment periods. Rats in BL group were euthanized before the start of the study, while other rats were euthanized after completion of their treatments. Femora were dissected out for biomechanical strength analysis using Instron Universal Model 5848 Micro Tester. RESULTS OVXC group showed deterioration in the bone biomechanical strength with time. Both ERT and LP supplemented rats showed improvements in bone strength parameters such as maximum load, displacement, stiffness, stress, and Young Modulus. The most improved bone strength was seen in rats given LP at the dose of 100 mg/kg for nine weeks. CONCLUSION LP supplementation at 100 mg/kg was more effective than ERT in reversing ovariectomy-induced bone biomechanical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Mohd Effendy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300 KL, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shahrum Abdullah
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Faridz Mod Yunoh
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300 KL, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Chronic ingestion of high dosed Phikud Navakot extraction induces mesangiolysis in rats with alteration of AQP1 and Hsp60 expressions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:462387. [PMID: 25815318 PMCID: PMC4359841 DOI: 10.1155/2015/462387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phikud Navakot (PN) is commonly used in Thai traditional medicine for alleviation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular symptoms; however little is known about the chronic toxicity effects of the extracts from the herbs in PN. Repeated extraction doses of 10, 100, and 1,000 mg/kg/day were randomly administered to both male and female Sprague Dawley rats for 12 months. Histopathological study revealed that mesangiolysis was predominately found at the highest dose. Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) expression in the mesangiolytic glomeruli was significantly lower than in the intact glomeruli. This may be relevant to an imbalance of vascular function manifested by AQP1 alteration. In the mesangiolytic glomeruli, 60 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp60) was significantly upregulated on the endothelial lining cells of aneurysm and vascular cyst. Hsp60 increase may be related to endothelial cell damage due to its intracellular protective role. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels remained within their normal range indicating well-functioning renal reserve function. In conclusion, high dosed PN may affect the endothelium leading to inability of vascular permeability and consequence to mesangiolysis. Our results suggest that only a high dose of chronic oral administration of PN is relatively toxic in association with mesangiolysis. The NOAEL was determined to be 100 mg/kg/day.
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Effendy NM, Shuid AN. Time and dose-dependent effects of Labisia pumila on bone oxidative status of postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. Nutrients 2014; 6:3288-302. [PMID: 25195641 PMCID: PMC4145309 DOI: 10.3390/nu6083288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis can be associated with oxidative stress and deterioration of antioxidant enzymes. It is mainly treated with estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). Although effective, ERT may cause adverse effects such as breast cancer and pulmonary embolism. Labisia pumila var. alata (LP), a herb used traditionally for women’s health was found to protect against estrogen-deficient osteoporosis. An extensive study was conducted in a postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model using several LP doses and duration of treatments to determine if anti-oxidative mechanisms were involved in its bone protective effects. Ninety-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups; baseline group (BL), sham-operated (Sham), ovariectomised control (OVXC), ovariectomised (OVX) and given 64.5 μg/kg of Premarin (ERT), ovariectomised and given 20 mg/kg of LP (LP20) and ovariectomised and given 100 mg/kg of LP (LP100). The groups were further subdivided to receive their respective treatments via daily oral gavages for three, six or nine weeks of treatment periods. Following euthanization, the femora were dissected out for bone oxidative measurements which include superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Results: The SOD levels of the sham-operated and all the treatment groups were significantly higher than the OVX groups at all treatment periods. The GPx level of ERT and LP100 groups at the 9th week of treatment were significantly higher than the baseline and OVX groups. MDA level of the OVX group was significantly higher than all the other groups at weeks 6 and 9. The LP20 and LP100 groups at the 9th week of treatment had significantly lower MDA levels than the ERT group. There were no significant differences between LP20 and LP100 for all parameters. Thus, LP supplementations at both doses, which showed the best results at 9 weeks, may reduce oxidative stress which in turn may prevent bone loss via its anti-oxidative property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Mohd Effendy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Manda VK, Dale OR, Awortwe C, Ali Z, Khan IA, Walker LA, Khan SI. Evaluation of drug interaction potential of Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah) and its constituents. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:178. [PMID: 25152732 PMCID: PMC4126480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah) is a popular herb in Malaysia that has been traditionally used in a number of women's health applications such as to improve libido, relieve postmenopausal symptoms, and to facilitate or hasten delivery in childbirth. In addition, the constituents of this plant have been reported to possess anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Clinical studies have indicated that cytochrome P450s (CYPs), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and Pregnane X receptor (PXR) are the three main modulators of drug-drug interactions which alter the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of drugs. Given the widespread use of Kacip Fatimah in dietary supplements, the current study focuses on determining the potential of its constituents to affect the activities of CYPs, P-gp, or PXR using in vitro assays which may provide useful information toward the risk of herb-drug interaction with concomitantly used drugs. Six compounds isolated from the roots of L. pumila (2 saponins and 4 alkyl phenols) were tested, in addition to the methanolic extract. The extract of L. pumila showed a significant time dependent inhibition (TDI) of CYP3A4, reversible inhibition of CYP2C9 and 2C19 and a weak inhibition of 1A2 and 2D6 as well as an inhibition of P-gp and rifampicin-induced PXR activation. The alkyl phenols inhibited CYP3A4 (TDI), CYP2C9, and 2C19 (reversible) while saponins inhibited P-gp and PXR. In conclusion, L. pumila and its constituents showed significant modulation of all three regulatory proteins (CYPs, P-gp, and PXR) suggesting a potential to alter the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of conventional drugs if used concomitantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamshi K Manda
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Olivia R Dale
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Charles Awortwe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi Oxford, MS, USA ; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Larry A Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi Oxford, MS, USA ; Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi Oxford, MS, USA ; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi Oxford, MS, USA
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Norhayati MN, George A, Hazlina NHN, Azidah AK, Idiana HI, Law KS, Bahari IS, Zahiruddin WMW, Liske E, Azreena A. Efficacy and safety of Labisia pumila var alata water extract among pre- and postmenopausal women. J Med Food 2014; 17:929-38. [PMID: 25000151 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of Labisia pumila var alata (L. pumila) water extract for improving quality of life, cardiovascular and hormonal balance. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, 16-week study in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women aged 40-60 years was conducted in Kelantan, Malaysia. The subjects were randomized to 400 mg propriety extract of L. pumila or placebo. A Women's Health Questionnaire was used to assess quality of life. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the data. A total of 197 subjects (L. pumila: n=102 and placebo: n=95) were analyzed. Subjects in the herbal group showed improved memory/concentration, vasomotor symptoms, menstrual symptoms, and sleep problems by 8.3%, 15.9%, 11.8%, and 31.0%, respectively. The greatest improvement was observed for the question: "I get frightened or panic feelings for apparently no reason at all" with a 53% decrease as compared with placebo. Improvements were also seen in the cardiovascular parameters, and the safety profiles were normal. Postmenopausal women supplemented with L. pumila showed no changes in gynecological relevant hormones luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and 17β-Estradiol. Water extract of L. pumila was shown to be safe and effective for improving several parameters of quality of life and cardiovascular risks factors (total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]).
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Amenya HZ, Gathumbi PK, Mbaria JM, Thaiyah AG, Thoithi GN. Sub-acute toxicity of the chloroformic extract of Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:593-599. [PMID: 24735862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cape beech (Rapanea melanophloeos) is an important medicinal plant that is widely used in most of Africa. Currently, little toxicological information is available on its safety following prolonged use. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we sought to evaluate the oral sub-acute toxicity of Rapanea melanophloeos stem bark chloroformic extract using Sprague Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six-week old rats were orally administered with the extract at dosage levels of 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg for 28 days. Clinical signs, hematological and clinical chemistry parameters were monitored, while organ weights and organ pathology were evaluated at the end of the study. RESULTS The extract caused a significant reduction in bodyweight at 1000 mg/kg. The hematological profiles of animals at this dose showed an increase in the erythrocyte count and the hematocrit that were accompanied by decrease in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Biochemical parameters were not altered in a dose-related manner when compared to the controls. There were time associated alterations on both hematological and biochemical parameters, but pathological examination did not reveal any treatment related changes in any of the organs. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the chloroformic stem bark extract of Rapanea melanophloeos may be of no toxicological concern at dosage levels up to 1000mg/kg. Rapanea melanophloeos can therefore be used confidently in African traditional medicine at these or lower dosage levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesbon Z Amenya
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter K Gathumbi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - James M Mbaria
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Andrew G Thaiyah
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Grace N Thoithi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
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Fathilah SN, Mohamed N, Muhammad N, Mohamed IN, Soelaiman IN, Shuid AN. Labisia pumila regulates bone-related genes expressions in postmenopausal osteoporosis model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:217. [PMID: 24007208 PMCID: PMC3847139 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Labisia Pumila var. alata (LPva) has shown potential as an alternative to estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in prevention of estrogen-deficient osteoporosis. In earlier studies using postmenopausal model, LPva was able to reverse the ovariectomy-induced changes in biochemical markers, bone calcium, bone histomorphometric parameters and biomechanical strength. The mechanism behind these protective effects is unclear but LPva may have regulated factors that regulate bone remodeling. The aim of this study is to determine the bone-protective mechanism of LPva by measuring the expressions of several factors involved in bone formative and resorptive activities namely Osteoprotegerin (OPG), Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa-B Ligand (RANKL), Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (MCSF) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2). METHODS Thirty-two female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham-operated (Sham), ovariectomized control (OVXC), ovariectomized with Labisia pumila var. alata (LPva) and ovariectomized with ERT (Premarin) (ERT). The LPva and ERT were administered via daily oral gavages at doses of 17.5 mg/kg and 64.5 μg/kg, respectively. Following two months of treatment, the rats were euthanized and the gene expressions of BMP-2, OPG, RANKL and MCSF in the femoral bones were measured using a branch - DNA technique. RESULTS The RANKL gene expression was increased while the OPG and BMP-2 gene expressions were reduced in the OVXC group compared to the SHAM group. There were no significant changes in the MCSF gene expressions among the groups. Treatment with either LPva or ERT was able to prevent these ovariectomy-induced changes in the gene expressions in ovariectomized rats with similar efficacy. CONCLUSION LPva may protect bone against estrogen deficiency-induced changes by regulating the RANKL, OPG and BMP-2 gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Noor Fathilah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ima Nirwana Soelaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Manicam C, Teng Khoo L, Ong Abdull J, Rahayu Moh E, Seman Z, Chin Sieo C, Hamid M. Subacute Toxic Effects of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. Aqueous Leaf Extract
on Liver and Kidney Histopathology of Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2013.358.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pan Y, Tiong KH, Abd-Rashid BA, Ismail Z, Ismail R, Mak JW, Ong CE. Inhibitory effects of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 by Labisia pumila extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:586-91. [PMID: 22885070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Labisa pumila (LP), popularly known with its local name, Kacip Fatimah, is a well known herb grown in Indochina and Southeast Asia and is traditionally used to regain energy after giving birth in women. The propensity of LP to cause drug-herb interaction via cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system has not been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the in vitro inhibitory effects of various LP extracts (aqueous, ethanol, dichloromethane (DCM) and hexane) on cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8), CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Probe substrate-based high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were established for CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 whereas a fluorescence-based enzyme assay was established for CYP2C8. The metabolite formations were examined after incubation of probe substrate with respective CYP isoform in the present or absent of LP extracts. The inhibitory effect of LP was characterized with kinetic parameters IC(50) and K(i) values. RESULTS LP extracts showed differential effect of CYP activities with the order of inhibitory potency as follows: dichloromethane>hexane>ethanol>aqueous. This differential effect was only observed in CYP2C isoforms but not CYP3A4. Both the hexane and DCM extracts exhibited moderate to potent inhibition towards CYP2C activities in different modes including non-competitive, competive and mixed-type. The DCM effect was notably strong for CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 showing K(i) values of below 1 μg/ml. The selectivity of LP for CYP2C isoforms rather than CYP3A4 may be attributed to the presence of relatively small, lipophilic yet slightly polar compounds within the LP extracts. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study revealed that phytoconstituents contained in LP, particularly in hexane and dichloromethane extracts, were able to selectively inhibit CYP2C isoforms. The inactivation was characterized by low K(i) values, in particular, in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. These in vitro data indicate that LB preparations contain constituents that can potently inhibit CYP2C activities and suggest that this herb should be examined for potential pharmacokinetic drug interactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pan
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, International Medical University, 126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Labisia pumila Prevents Complications of Osteoporosis by Increasing Bone Strength in a Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:948080. [PMID: 22991574 PMCID: PMC3443997 DOI: 10.1155/2012/948080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is the main treatment postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, ERT causes serious side effects, such as cancers and thromboembolic problems. Labisia pumila var. alata (LPva) is a herb with potential as an alternative to ERT to prevent complications of osteoporosis, especially fragility fractures. This study was conducted to determine the effects of LPva on the biomechanical strength of femora exposed to osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency, using the postmenopausal rat model. Thirty-two female rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham-operated (Sham), ovariectomized control (OVXC), ovariectomized with Labisia pumila var. alata (LP), and ovariectomized with ERT (Premarin) (ERT). The LPva and ERT were administered via oral gavage daily at doses of 17.5 mg/kg and 64.5 μg/kg, respectively. Following two months of treatment, the rats were euthanized, and their right femora were prepared for bone biomechanical testing. The results showed that ovariectomy compromised the femoral strength, while LPva supplementation to the ovariectomized rats improved the femoral strength. Therefore, LPva may be as effective as ERT in preventing fractures due to estrogen-deficient osteoporosis.
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22
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Al-Mekhlafi NA, Shaari K, Abas F, Kneer R, Jeyaraj EJ, Stanslas J, Yamamoto N, Honda T, Lajis NH. Alkenylresorcinols and cytotoxic activity of the constituents isolated from Labisia pumila. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 80:42-9. [PMID: 22633846 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation on the leaves of Labisia pumila (Myrsinaceae), an important medicinal herb in Malaysia, has led to the isolation of 1-O-methyl-6-acetoxy-5-(pentadec-10Z-enyl)resorcinol (1), labisiaquinone A (2) and labisiaquinone B (3). Along with these, 16 known compounds including 1-O-methyl-6-acetoxy-5-pentadecylresorcinol (4), 5-(pentadec-10Z-enyl)resorcinol (5), 5-(pentadecyl)resorcinol (6), (-)-loliolide (7), stigmasterol (8), 4-hydroxyphenylethylamine (9), 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (10), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (11), (+)-catechin (12), (-)-epicatechin (13), kaempferol-3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-β-glycopyranoside (14), kaempferol-4'-O-β-glycopyranoside (15), quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (16), kaempferol-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (17), (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid (18) and stigmasterol-3-O-β-glycopyranoside (19) were also isolated. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy techniques (¹H, ¹³C, COSY, HSQC, NOESY and HMBC experiments), mass spectrometry and chemical derivatization. Among the constituents tested 1 and 4 exhibited strongest cytotoxic activity against the PC3, HCT116 and MCF-7 cell lines (IC₅₀ values ≤ 10 μM), and they showed selectivity towards the first two-cell lines relative to the last one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Ali Al-Mekhlafi
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
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Fathilah SN, Nazrun Shuid A, Mohamed N, Muhammad N, Nirwana Soelaiman I. Labisia pumila protects the bone of estrogen-deficient rat model: a histomorphometric study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:294-299. [PMID: 22542643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Labisia pumila var. alata (LP) is a phytoestrogenic herb with potential as an alternative to Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. LP has been reported to produce similar effects to ERT on the bone markers, but could not match ERT in terms of maintaining the bone calcium in postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. This study aimed to examine in detail the effects of LP on the bone of postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model using bone histomorphometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty two female rats were randomly divided into groups of: Sham operated (Sham), ovariectomized control (OVXC), ovariectomized with Labisia pumila var. alata (LP) and ovariectomized with ERT (Premarin®) (ERT). The LP and ERT were administered through the route of oral gavage daily at the dose of 17.5 mg/kg and 64.5 μg/kg respectively. Following 2 months of treatment, rats were euthanized and the left femurs were dissected out and prepared for bone histomorphometry. RESULTS Histomorphometric analysis revealed osteoporotic changes for the ovariectomized rats. Supplementation of LP to ovariectomized rats could prevent these osteoporotic changes, as effective as ERT. CONCLUSION This confirmed that LP has potential as an alternative to ERT for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Noor Fathilah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia-Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300 KL, Malaysia
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Chua LS, Lee SY, Abdullah N, Sarmidi MR. Review on Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah): bioactive phytochemicals and skin collagen synthesis promoting herb. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1322-35. [PMID: 22521793 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Labisia pumila is a traditional herb widely used as post-partum medication for centuries. Recently, extensive researches have been carried out on the phytochemical identification, biological and toxicological studies for the herb. Phytochemicals found in the herbal extract showed high antioxidant properties, which were essential for various pharmacological activities. The significant findings are anti-estrogenic deficiency and -immunodeficiency diseases. Another finding that has considerable impact on natural product research is the contribution of L. pumila in promoting skin collagen synthesis. The performance of the herb as anti-aging agent due to natural aging process and accelerated by UV radiation was reviewed critically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Suan Chua
- Metabolites Profiling Laboratory, Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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The Anti-Inflammatory, Phytoestrogenic, and Antioxidative Role of Labisia pumila in Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2012; 2012:706905. [PMID: 22611381 PMCID: PMC3353141 DOI: 10.1155/2012/706905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by skeletal degeneration with low bone mass and destruction of microarchitecture of bone tissue which is attributed to various factors including inflammation. Women are more likely to develop osteoporosis than men due to reduction in estrogen during menopause which leads to decline in bone-formation and increase in bone-resorption activity. Estrogen is able to suppress production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-7, and TNF-α. This is why these cytokines are elevated in postmenopausal women. Studies have shown that estrogen reduction is able to stimulate focal inflammation in bone. Labisia pumila (LP) which is known to exert phytoestrogenic effect can be used as an alternative to ERT which can produce positive effects on bone without causing side effects. LP contains antioxidant as well as exerting anti-inflammatory effect which can act as free radical scavenger, thus inhibiting TNF-α production and COX-2 expression which leads to decline in RANKL expression, resulting in reduction in osteoclast activity which consequently reduces bone loss. Hence, it is the phytoestrogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties that make LP an effective agent against osteoporosis.
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Shuid AN, Ping LL, Muhammad N, Mohamed N, Soelaiman IN. The effects of Labisia pumila var. alata on bone markers and bone calcium in a rat model of post-menopausal osteoporosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:538-542. [PMID: 20971181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Postmenopausal osteoporosis is mainly treated with estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). However, ERT causes side effects, mainly breast cancer, uterine cancer and thromboembolic problems. Labisia pumila var. arata (LPva), a herb with phytoestrogenic effects has the potential to be used as an alternative agent to ERT. This study was conducted to determine the effects of LPva on bone biochemical markers and bone calcium content in ovariectomised rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty two Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, with 8 rats in each group. The first group was sham operated (Sham), the second group was ovariectomised (OVX), the third (LPva) and fourth group (ERT) were also ovariectomised and given LPva 17.5 mg/kg and Premarin(®) 64.5 μg/kg, respectively. Blood samples were taken before and after treatment to measure osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen levels using ELISA while the fifth lumbar bone samples were taken to measure bone calcium content using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). RESULTS The osteocalcin levels were significantly higher in both the LPva and ERT groups compared to the OVX group. The CTX levels were significantly lower in both the LPva and ERT groups compared to the OVX group. However, only the ERT group had significantly higher bone calcium level compared to the OVX group. CONCLUSION The supplementation of 17.5 mg/kg of LPva to ovariectomised rats for 8 weeks was able to prevent the changes in bone biochemical markers but failed to prevent the bone calcium loss induced by ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300 KL, Malaysia
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