1
|
Arjsri P, Srisawad K, Semmarath W, Umsumarng S, Rueankham L, Saiai A, Rungrojsakul M, Katekunlaphan T, Anuchapreeda S, Dejkriengkraikul P. Suppression of inflammation-induced lung cancer cells proliferation and metastasis by exiguaflavanone A and exiguaflavanone B from Sophora exigua root extract through NLRP3 inflammasome pathway inhibition. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1243727. [PMID: 38026959 PMCID: PMC10667455 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is recognized for its aggressive nature and propensity for high rates of metastasis. The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway plays a vital role in the progression of NSCLC. This study aimed to investigate the effects of S. exigua extract and its active compounds on NLRP3 regulation in NSCLC using an in vitro model. Methods: S. exigua was extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol to obtain S. exigua hexane fraction (SE-Hex), S. exigua ethyl acetate fraction (SE-EA), and S. exigua ethanol fraction (SE-EtOH) respectively. The active compounds were identified using column chromatography and NMR analysis. A549 cells were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for activated NLRP3 inflammasome. The anti-inflammatory properties were determined using ELISA assay. The anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis properties against LPS-ATP-induced A549 cells were determined by colony formation, cell cycle, wound healing, and trans-well migration and invasion assays. The inflammatory gene expressions and molecular mechanism were determined using RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results: SE-EA exhibited the greatest anti-inflammation properties compared with other two fractions as evidenced by the significant inhibition of IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-6, cytokine productions from LPS-ATP-induced A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The analysis of active compounds revealed exiguaflavanone A (EGF-A) and exiguaflavanone B (EGF-B) as the major compounds present in SE-EA. Then, SE-EA and its major compound were investigated for the anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis properties. It was found that SE-EA, EGF-A, and EGF-B could inhibit the proliferation of LPS-ATP-induced A549 cells through cell cycle arrest induction at the G0/G1 phase and reducing the expression of cell cycle regulator proteins. Furthermore, SE-EA and its major compounds dose-dependently suppressed migration and invasion of LPS-ATP-induced A549 cells. At the molecular level, SE-EA, EGF-A, and EGF-B significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and NLRP3 in LPS-ATP-induced A549 cells. Regarding the mechanistic study, SE-EA, EGF-A, and EGF-B inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation through suppressing NLRP3, ASC, pro-caspase-1(p50 form), and cleaved-caspase-1(p20 form) expressions. Conclusion: Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome pathway holds promise as a therapeutic approach to counteract pro-tumorigenic inflammation and develop novel treatments for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Punnida Arjsri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Srisawad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Warathit Semmarath
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Sonthaya Umsumarng
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Division of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Lapamas Rueankham
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Aroonchai Saiai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Methee Rungrojsakul
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Science, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Trinnakorn Katekunlaphan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pornngarm Dejkriengkraikul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Trautenmuller AL, de Almeida Soares J, Behm KC, Guimarães LMM, Xavier-Silva KR, Monteiro de Melo A, Caixeta GAB, Abadia Marciano de Paula J, Luiz Cardoso Bailão EF, Amaral VCS. Cytotoxicity and maternal toxicity attributed to exposure to Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) dry leaf extract. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:36-50. [PMID: 36529899 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2157354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae), popularly known as "bitter melon" or "bitter gourd," is a climbing plant well-adapted to tropical countries. This plant is used traditionally to treat several conditions including diabetes mellitus, inflammation, liver dysfunctions, and cancer. Given the widespread ethnopharmacological use, this study aimed to examine the cytogenetic, maternal, and developmental toxicity attributed to exposure to dry extract of M. charantia leaves using Allium cepa and Wistar rats as test models. First, phytochemical characterization of the dry extract by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses was performed. Then, Allium cepa roots were exposed to three different concentrations of the dry extract (0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg/ml) to determine the mitotic index, frequency of chromosomal aberrations, and nuclear abnormalities. In addition, pregnant Wistar rats were administered either 500; 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg dry extract during the gestational period (GD) days 6-15, and subsequently possible toxic effect on the dams and fetuses were recorded. HPLC analyses confirmed rutin as the main secondary metabolite present in the dry extract. In the Allium cepa test, the dry extract was cytotoxic. In Wistar rats, dry extract administration reduced water and feed intake and mean body mass gain, indicating maternal toxicity during the organogenesis period. However, the dry extract did not markedly affect reproductive outcome parameters evaluated. Regarding developmental toxicity assessment, the dry extract treatment did not significantly alter number of skeletal malformations in the offspring. Data demonstrated that the dry extract of M. charantia leaves presents cytotoxicity and low maternal toxicity, indicating indiscriminate use needs to be avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Trautenmuller
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Câmpus Central, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Jonathan de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Câmpus Central, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Kamila Campos Behm
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Câmpus Central, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anielly Monteiro de Melo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação de Produtos da Biodiversidade, Câmpus Central, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | | | - Joelma Abadia Marciano de Paula
- Laboratório de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação de Produtos da Biodiversidade, Câmpus Central, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sette-de-Souza PH, Souza BAA, Costa MJF, da Costa Araújo FA. Kuguacin: biological activities of triterpenoid from Momordica charantia—a scoping review. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
4
|
The triterpenoids of the bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia) and their pharmacological activities: A review. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
5
|
Sur S, Ray RB. Bitter Melon ( Momordica Charantia), a Nutraceutical Approach for Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2064. [PMID: 32726914 PMCID: PMC7464160 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Many dietary plant products show promising anticancer effects. Bitter melon or bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is a nutrient-rich medicinal plant cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of many countries. Traditionally, bitter melon is used as a folk medicine and contains many bioactive components including triterpenoids, triterpene glycoside, phenolic acids, flavonoids, lectins, sterols and proteins that show potential anticancer activity without significant side effects. The preventive and therapeutic effects of crude extract or isolated components are studied in cell line-based models and animal models of multiple types of cancer. In the present review, we summarize recent progress in testing the cancer preventive and therapeutic activity of bitter melon with a focus on underlying molecular mechanisms. The crude extract and its components prevent many types of cancers by enhancing reactive oxygen species generation; inhibiting cancer cell cycle, cell signaling, cancer stem cells, glucose and lipid metabolism, invasion, metastasis, hypoxia, and angiogenesis; inducing apoptosis and autophagy cell death, and enhancing the immune defense. Thus, bitter melon may serve as a promising cancer preventive and therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Sur
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Ratna B. Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
- Cancer Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khan MF, Abutaha N, Nasr FA, Alqahtani AS, Noman OM, Wadaan MAM. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) possess developmental toxicity as revealed by screening the seeds and fruit extracts in zebrafish embryos. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:184. [PMID: 31340810 PMCID: PMC6657154 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) has attracted the focus of researchers owing to its excellent anti-diabetic action. The beneficial effect of Momordica charantia on heart has been reported by in vitro and in vivo studies. However the developmental toxicity or potential risk of M. charantia on fetus heart development is largely unknown. Hence this study was designed to find out the developmental toxicity of M. charantia using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Methods The crude extracts were prepared from fruit and seeds of M. charantia. The Zebrafish embryos were exposed to serial dilution of each of the crude extract. The biologically active fractions were fractionated by C18 column using high pressure liquid chromatography. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrophotometry was done to identify chemical constituents in fruit and seed extract of M. charantia. Results The seed extract of M. charantia was lethal with LD50 values of 50 μg/ml to zebrafish embryos and multiple anomalies were observed in zebrafish embryos at sub-lethal concentration. However, the fruit extract was much safe and exposing the zebrafish embryos even to 200 μg/ml did not result any lethality. The fruit extract induced severe cardiac hypertrophy in treated embryos. The time window treatment showed that M. charantia perturbed the cardiac myoblast specification process in treated zebrafish embryos. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed diverse chemical group in the active fruit fraction and five new type of compounds were identified in the crude seeds extract of M. charantia by gas chromatography and mass spectrophotometry. Conclusion The teratogenicity of seeds extract and cardiac toxicity by the fruit extract of M. charantia warned that the supplementation made from the fruit and seeds of M. charantia should be used with much care in pregnant diabetic patients to avoid possible damage to developing fetus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2599-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mapoung S, Suzuki S, Fuji S, Naiki-Ito A, Kato H, Yodkeeree S, Ovatlarnporn C, Takahashi S, Limtrakul Dejkriengkraikul P. Cyclohexanone curcumin analogs inhibit the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Sci 2018; 110:596-607. [PMID: 30499149 PMCID: PMC6361605 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many prostate cancer patients develop resistance to treatment called castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) which is the major cause of recurrence and death. In the present study, four cyclohexanone curcumin analogs were synthesized. Additionally, their anticancer progression activity on CRPC cell lines, PC3 and PLS10 cells, was examined. We first determined their anti‐metastasis properties and found that 2,6‐bis‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐benzylidene)‐cyclohexanone (2A) and 2,6‐bis‐(3,4‐dihydroxy‐benzylidene)‐cyclohexanone (2F) showed higher anti‐invasion properties against CRPC cells than curcumin. Analog 2A inhibited both MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 secretions and activities, whereas analog 2F reduced only MMP activities. These findings suggest that the compounds may inhibit CRPC cell metastasis by decreased extracellular matrix degradation. Analog 2A, the most potent analog, was then subjected to an in vivo study. Similar to curcumin, analog 2A was detectable in the serum of mice at 30 and 60 minutes after i.p. injections. Analog 2A and curcumin (30 mg/kg bodyweight) showed a similar ability to reduce tumor area in lungs of mice that were i.v. injected with PLS10 cells. Additionally, analog 2A showed superior growth inhibitory effect on PLS10 cells than that of curcumin both in vitro and in vivo. The compound inhibited PLS10 cells growth by induction of G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in vitro. Interestingly, analog 2A significantly decreased tumor growth with downregulation of cell proliferation and angiogenesis in PLS10‐bearing mice. Taken together, we could summarize that analog 2A showed promising activities in inhibiting CRPC progression both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sariya Mapoung
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fuji
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Supachai Yodkeeree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chitchamai Ovatlarnporn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.,Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Pornngarm Limtrakul Dejkriengkraikul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mozaniel SDO, Wanessa ADC, Fernanda WFB, Marilena EA, Gracialda CF, Raul NDCJ. Phytochemical profile and biological activities of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae): A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2017.16374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
9
|
Saeed F, Afzaal M, Niaz B, Arshad MU, Tufail T, Hussain MB, Javed A. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): a natural healthy vegetable. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1446023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Niaz
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Arshad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hussain
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) as a rich source of bioactive components to combat cancer naturally: Are we on the right track to fully unlock its potential as inhibitor of deregulated signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:98-105. [PMID: 29753870 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research over decades has progressively explored pharmacological actions of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). Biologically and pharmacologically active molecules isolated from M. charantia have shown significant anti-cancer activity in cancer cell lines and xenografted mice. In this review spotlight was set on the bioactive compounds isolated from M. charantia that effectively inhibited cancer development and progression via regulation of protein network in cancer cells. We summarize most recent high-quality research work in cancer cell lines and xenografted mice related to tumor suppressive role-play of M. charantia and its bioactive compounds. Although M. charantia mediated health promoting, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory effects have been extensively investigated, there is insufficient information related to regulation of signaling networks by bioactive molecules obtained from M. charantia in different cancers. M. charantia has been shown to modulate AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling, p38MAPK-MAPKAPK-2/HSP-27 pathway, cell cycle regulatory proteins and apoptosis-associated proteins in different cancers. However, still there are visible knowledge gaps related to the drug targets in different cancers because we have not yet developed comprehensive understanding of the M. charantia mediated regulation of signal transduction pathways. To explore these questions, experimental platforms are needed that can prove to be helpful in getting a step closer to personalized medicine.
Collapse
|
11
|
Richmond RA, Vuong QV, Scarlett CJ. Cytotoxic Effect of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Ethanol Extract and Its Fractions on Pancreatic Cancer Cells in vitro. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2017; 2:1-11. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2017.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
12
|
Jia S, Shen M, Zhang F, Xie J. Recent Advances in Momordica charantia: Functional Components and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2555. [PMID: 29182587 PMCID: PMC5751158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, and its fruit has been used as a vegetable for thousands of years. Phytochemicals including proteins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpenes, saponins, ascorbic acid and steroids have been found in this plant. Various biological activities of M. charantia have been reported, such as antihyperglycemic, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antimutagenic, antiulcer, antilipolytic, antifertility, hepatoprotective, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, both in vitro and in vivo studies have also demonstrated that M. charantia may also exert toxic or adverse effects under different conditions. This review addresses the chemical constituents of M. charantia and discusses their pharmacological activities as well as their adverse effects, aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the phytochemistry and biological activities of M. charantia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Umsumarng S, Pitchakarn P, Yodkeeree S, Punfa W, Mapoung S, Ramli RA, Pyne SG, Limtrakul P. Modulation of P-glycoprotein by Stemona alkaloids in human multidrug resistance leukemic cells and structural relationships. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 34:182-190. [PMID: 28899501 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major reason for the failure of chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer patients. P-gp over-expression in MDR cancer cells is a multifactorial phenomenon with biochemical resistance mechanisms. Stemofoline (STF), isolated from Stemona bukillii, has been reported to be an MDR reversing compound. PURPOSE This study investigated whether other Stemona alkaloids that had been purified from Stemonaceae plants exerted MDR modulation activity. METHODS MTT assay was performed to determine the MDR reversing property of the alkaloids. Modulation of P-gp function by these compounds was investigated using cell cycle analysis and P-gp fluorescent substrate accumulation assays. P-gp expression was determined by Western blot analysis. We preliminarily examined the safety of these compounds in normal human fibroblasts and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using the MTT assay, and in red blood cells (human and rat) through in vitro hemolysis assays. RESULTS Three of the eight alkaloids tested, isostemofoline (ISTF), 11Z -didehydrostemofoline (11Z-DSTF) and 11E-didehydrostemofoline (11E-DSTF), enhanced the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of MDR leukemic K562/Adr cells, which overexpressed P-gp. The P-gp functional studies showed that these three alkaloids increased the accumulation of P-gp substrates, calcein-AM (C-AM) and rhodamine123 (Rho 123) in K562/Adr cells, while this effect was not seen in drug sensitive parental K562 cells. Whereas, the alkaloids did not alter P-gp expression as was determined by Western blotting analysis. CONCLUSION The alkaloids reversed MDR via the inhibition of P-gp function. For pharmaceutical safety testing, the alkaloids were found to be not toxic to normal human fibroblasts and PBMCs. Moreover, the effective compounds did not induce hemolysis in either human or rat erythrocytes. These compounds may be introduced as potential candidate molecules for treating cancers exhibiting P-gp-mediated MDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonthaya Umsumarng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supachai Yodkeeree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wanisa Punfa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sariya Mapoung
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Rosdayati Alino Ramli
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen G Pyne
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pornngarm Limtrakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Comhaire F, Mahmoud A. The andrologist's contribution to a better life for ageing men: part 2. Andrologia 2015; 48:99-110. [PMID: 26395368 DOI: 10.1111/and.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term intake of a judiciously composed nutriceutical containing low-dose vitamins, antioxidants, minerals and particular herbal preparations seems justified for older persons who take medication, or who consume an unbalanced diet, or who are exposed to environmental toxins. Recent reports suggest these nutriceuticals may delay age-related diseases and the occurrence of cancer, and reduce mortality in apparently healthy ageing men. Food supplementation with a nutriceutical that was formulated particularly for ageing men should result in an increase of at least one quality-adjusted life year and may lower the financial and social burden of disease in elderly people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Comhaire
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - A Mahmoud
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Gent, Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu H, Wang GC, Zhang MX, Ling B. The cytotoxicology of momordicins I and II on Spodoptera litura cultured cell line SL-1. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 122:110-118. [PMID: 26071815 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Momordicin I and II are secondary metabolites from bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) that are toxic to the Spodoptera litura ovary cell line (SL-1 cell). Both momordicin I and II significantly inhibited SL-1 cells proliferation. IC50 values after 24 h were 8.35 and 82.31 µg/mL, 6.11 and 77.49 µg/mL for 36 h, 4.93 and 49.42 µg/mL for 48 h for cells treated by momordicin I and II, respectively. IC50 values of the azadirachtin A control were 149.63, 54.54 and 23.66 µg/mL at 24, 36 and 48 h respectively, indicating that the cytotoxicity of momordicin I was significantly higher than that of momordicin II and azadirachtin A. Using inverted phase contrast microscopy we found that after 24 h exposure to momordicin I and II, cell shapes changed to circular, swelling increased, adherence ability declined and the cellular membrane bubbled. After 48 h exposure to momordicin I, most cells were suspended and dead; vacuole deformation and cytoplasm leakage indicated that momordicin I was more toxic to the cytoskeleton than momordicin II. Cells treated with momordicin I and II inhibited glucose absorption by 23.04 and 13.38% after 48 h and 47.60 and 20.92% after 60 h. Flow cytometry analysis suggested that SL-1 cells treated with momordicin I and II dramatically accumulated during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and total cell protein content increased by 56.93 and 35.81% respectively after 48 h treatment. Following treatment with momordicin I and II the karyotheca dissolved, the chromatin condensed abnormally and the nucleoli were damaged, migrated, or disappeared. The PI fluorescent value by FCM showed that the relative fluorescent intensity of SL-1 cells induced by momordicin I and II increased to 521.45 and 370.17, higher than 135.04 induced by control group treatment for 48 h. This indicated significant damage to the cytomembrane. Overall, the results demonstrate that suppression of cytoskeletal function, interference of mitotic figures and destruction of nuclear structure are effects of momordicin I and II exposure. These effects play major roles in momordicin I and II inhibition of SL-1 cells growth. The mode of action by which momordicins inhibit insect cell growth and development may be useful in the development of novel pest control formulations containing cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, The College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guo-Cai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mao-Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, The College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bing Ling
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, The College of Natural Resource and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Activities of Plumericin, an Iridoid Isolated from Momordica charantia Vine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:823178. [PMID: 25945113 PMCID: PMC4405293 DOI: 10.1155/2015/823178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plumericin, an iridoid lactone, was isolated with relatively high yield from Momordica charantia vine using the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and the separation box (Sepbox) comprising dual combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and solid phase extraction. This compound showed antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values better than cloxacillin. Plumericin potently inhibited proliferation of two leukemic cancer cell lines: they were acute and chronic leukemic cancer cell lines, NB4 and K562, with the effective doses (ED50) of 4.35 ± 0.21 and 5.58 ± 0.35 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the mechanism of growth inhibition in both cell lines was induced by apoptosis, together with G2/M arrest in K562 cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kuanhut W, Aree T, Pornpakakul S, Sawasdee P. Novel Cucurbitane Triterpenoids and Anti-cholinesterase Activities of Constituents from Momordica charantia L. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-19 epimers of 5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23( E),25(26)-triene-3β,19-diol (1) and 5β,19-epoxy-25-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,19-diol (2) along with (19 R, 23 E)-5β,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23,25-trien-3β-ol (3), (23 E)-5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,25-diol (4), ligballinol (5), charantin (6) and momordicoside K (7) were isolated from the green fruits of Momordica charantia. The ( S)-epimers of 1 and 2 are the first reports in nature. The acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated, and 5 showed the highest activity of these compounds against butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 32.20 μM) with a reversible and non-competitive inhibition mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wichuta Kuanhut
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thammarat Aree
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Surachai Pornpakakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattara Sawasdee
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nagarani G, Abirami A, Siddhuraju P. A comparative study on antioxidant potentials, inhibitory activities against key enzymes related to metabolic syndrome, and anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract from different Momordica species. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
19
|
Zeng YW, Yang JZ, Pu XY, Du J, Yang T, Yang SM, Zhu WH. Strategies of functional food for cancer prevention in human beings. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:1585-92. [PMID: 23679240 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.3.1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional food for prevention of chronic diseases is one of this century's key global challenges. Cancer is not only the first or second leading cause of death in China and other countries across the world, but also has diet as one of the most important modifiable risk factors. Major dietary factors now known to promote cancer development are polished grain foods and low intake of fresh vegetables, with general importance for an unhealthy lifestyle and obesity. The strategies of cancer prevention in human being are increased consumption of functional foods like whole grains (brown rice, barley, and buckwheat) and by-products, as well some vegetables (bitter melon, garlic, onions, broccoli, and cabbage) and mushrooms (boletes and Tricholoma matsutake). In addition some beverages (green tea and coffee) may be protective. Southwest China (especially Yunnan Province) is a geographical area where functional crop production is closely related to the origins of human evolution with implications for anticancer influence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Genetic Germplasm Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunmin, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nkambo W, Anyama NG, Onegi B. In vivo hypoglycemic effect of methanolic fruit extract of Momordica charantia L. Afr Health Sci 2013; 13:933-9. [PMID: 24940315 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Momordica charantia L. is a medicinal plant commonly used in the management of diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVES We investigated the blood glucose lowering effect of the methanolic fruit extract of the Ugandan variety of M. charantia L. in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. METHODS 500g of M. charantia powder were macerated in methanol and the extract administered to two groups of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The first group received 125mg/kg, the second 375mg/kg and a third group 7mg/kg of metformin. A fourth group received 1ml normal saline. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured at 0.5,1,2,3,5,8 and 12 hours and compared using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS There was an initial rise in FBG for 1 hour after administration of extracts followed by steep reductions. Significant reduction in FBG occurred at 2 hours for 125mg/kg of extract (-3.2%, 313±25.9 to 303±25.0mg/dL, p = 0.049), 375mg/kg of extract (-3.9%, 356±19.7 to 342±20.3mg/dL, p = 0.001), and metformin (-2.6%, 344±21.7 to 335±21.1mg/dL, p = 0.003) when compared to normal saline. The maximum percentage reduction in FBG by both extracts occurred between 3 and 12 hours post dose. CONCLUSIONS The methanolic fruit extract of M. charantia exhibits dose dependent hypoglycaemic activity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Nkambo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - N G Anyama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - B Onegi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2013; 25:325-30. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328360f591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
22
|
Tabata K, Hamano A, Akihisa T, Suzuki T. Kuguaglycoside C, a constituent of Momordica charantia, induces caspase-independent cell death of neuroblastoma cells. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:2153-8. [PMID: 22957888 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kuguaglycoside C is a triterpene glycoside isolated from the leaves of Momordica charantia, and the biological effects of this compound remain almost unknown. We investigated the anti-cancer effect of kuguaglycoside C against human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells. In the MTT assay, kuguaglycoside C induced significant cytotoxicity against the IMR-32 cells (IC(50) : 12.6 μM) after 48 h treatment. Although examination by Hoechst 33342 staining revealed that kuguaglycoside C induced nuclear shrinkage at a high concentration (100 μM), no apoptotic bodies were observed on flow cytometry. No activation of caspase-3 or caspase-9 was observed at the effective concentration (30 μM) of kuguaglycoside C. On the other hand, the substance significantly decreased the expression of survivin and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Kuguaglycoside C also significantly increased the expression and cleavage of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Moreover, kuguaglycoside C was found to induce caspase-independent DNA cleavage in the dual-fluorescence apoptosis detection assay. These results suggest that kuguaglycoside C induces caspase-independent cell death, and is involved, at least in part, in the mechanism underlying cell necroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Tabata
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
EMCD, a hypoglycemic triterpene isolated from Momordica charantia wild variant, attenuates TNF-α-induced inflammation in FL83B cells in an AMP-activated protein kinase-independent manner. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 689:241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
24
|
Kim MC, Lim B, Lee HJ, Kim HW, Kwon YK, Kim BJ. Effects of sophorae radix on human gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells: sophorae radix and cancer cells. J Pharmacopuncture 2012; 15:15-9. [PMID: 25780637 PMCID: PMC4331936 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2012.15.2.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of Sophorae Radix (SR) and doxorubicin (DOX) in human gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. We used the human gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (MKN-45 and WIDR cells, respectively). We examined cell death by using the MTT(3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and the caspase 3 assay with SR. To examine the inhibitory effects of SR, we performed a cell cycle (sub G1) analysis for the MKN-45 and WIDR cells after three days with SR. The reversibility of SR was examined for one-day to five-day treatments with SR. SR inhibited the growth of MKN-45 and WIDR cells in a dosedependent manner. Also, we showed that SR induced apoptosis in MKN-45 and WIDR cells by using the MTT assay, the caspase 3 assay and the sub-G1 analysis. SR combined with DOX markedly inhibited the growth of MKN-45 and WIDR cells compared to SR or DOX alone. After 3 days of treating MKN-45 and WIDR cells with SR, the fraction of cells in the sub-G1 phase was much higher than that of the control group. Our findings provide insights into unraveling the effects of SR on human gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and into developing therapeutic agents for use against gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chul Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Bora Lim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Lee
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyung-Woo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Kwon
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|