1
|
Chatterjee M. Platelet lipidome: Dismantling the "Trojan horse" in the bloodstream. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:543-557. [PMID: 31868994 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The platelet-lipid chapter in the story of atherothrombosis is an old one, recapitulated and revised in many contexts. For decades several stimulating facets have been added to it, both unraveling and increasing the perplexity of platelet-lipid interplay and its pathophysiological consequences. The recent paradigm shift in our perspective has evolved with lipidomic analysis of the intraplatelet compartment and platelet releasate. These investigations have disclosed that platelets are in constant interaction with circulatory lipids, often reflected in their lipid repertoire. In addition, they offer a shielded intracellular space for oxidative lipid metabolism generating "toxic" metabolites that escape degradation by plasma lipases and antioxidant defense, circulate undetected by conventional plasma lipid profile, and deposited at atherosclerotic lesions or thrombus. Lipidomics divulges this silent invader in platelet vehicles, thereby providing potential biomarkers of pathologic manifestations and therapeutic targets to be exploited, which is surmised in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Chatterjee
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Internal Medicine III, University Clinic Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moreira V, Gutiérrez JM, Lomonte B, Vinolo MAR, Curi R, Lambeau G, Teixeira C. 12-HETE is a regulator of PGE 2 production via COX-2 expression induced by a snake venom group IIA phospholipase A 2 in isolated peritoneal macrophages. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 317:108903. [PMID: 31811862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The snake venom miotoxin (MT)-III is a group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) with pro-inflammatory activities. Previous studies have demonstrated that MT-III has the ability to stimulate macrophages to release inflammatory lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid metabolism. Among them, we highlight prostaglandin (PG)E2 produced by the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 pathway, through activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. However, the mechanisms coordinating this process are not fully understood. This study investigates the regulatory mechanisms exerted by other groups of bioactive eicosanoids derived from 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO), in particular 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (12-HETE), on group IIA sPLA2-induced (i) PGE2 release, (ii) COX-2 expression, and (iii) activation of signaling pathways p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases(p38MAPK), protein C kinase (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and NF-κB. Stimulation of macrophages with group IIA sPLA2 resulted in release of 12-HETE without modification of 12-LO protein levels. Pre-treatment of these cells with baicalein, a 12-LO inhibitor, decreased the sPLA2-induced PGE2 production, significantly reduced COX-2 expression, and inhibited sPLA2-induced ERK; however, it did not affect p38MAPK or PKC phosphorylation. In turn, sPLA2-induced PGE2 release and COX-2 expression, but not NF-κB activation, was attenuated by pre-treating macrophages with PD98059 an inhibitor of ERK1/2. These results suggest that, in macrophages, group IIA sPLA2-induced PGE2 release and COX-2 protein expression are distinctly mediated through 12-HETE followed by ERK1/2 pathway activation, independently of NF-κB activation. These findings highlight an as yet undescribed mechanism by which 12-HETE regulates one of the distinct signaling pathways for snake venom group IIA sPLA2-induced PGE2 release and COX-2 expression in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Moreira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scopel-Guerra A, Olivera-Severo D, Staniscuaski F, Uberti AF, Callai-Silva N, Jaeger N, Porto BN, Carlini CR. The Impact of Helicobacter pylori Urease upon Platelets and Consequent Contributions to Inflammation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2447. [PMID: 29312166 PMCID: PMC5733092 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric infection by Helicobacter pylori is considered a risk factor for gastric and duodenal cancer, and extragastric diseases. Previous data have shown that, in a non-enzymatic way, H. pylori urease (HPU) activates neutrophils to produce ROS and also induces platelet aggregation, requiring ADP secretion modulated by the 12-lipoxygenase pathway, a signaling cascade also triggered by the physiological agonist collagen. Here we investigated further the effects on platelets of recombinant versions of the holoenzyme HPU, and of its two subunits (HpUreA and HpUreB). Although HpUreA had no aggregating activity on platelets, it partially inhibited collagen-induced aggregation. HpUreB induced platelet aggregation in the nanomolar range, and also interfered dose-dependently on both collagen- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. HPU-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by antibodies against glycoprotein VI (GPVI), the main collagen receptor in platelets. Flow cytometry analysis revealed exposure of P-selectin in HPU-activated platelets. Anti-glycoprotein IIbIIIa (GPIIbIIIa) antibodies increased the binding of FITC-labeled HPU to activated platelets, whereas anti-GPVI did not. Evaluation of post-transcriptional events in HPU-activated platelets revealed modifications in the pre-mRNA processing of pro-inflammatory proteins, with increased levels of mRNAs encoding IL-1β and CD14. We concluded that HPU activates platelets probably through its HpUreB subunit. Activation of platelets by HPU turns these cells into a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Altogether, our data suggest that H. pylori urease, besides allowing bacterial survival within the gastric mucosa, may have an important, and so far overlooked, role in gastric inflammation mediated by urease-activated neutrophils and platelets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriele Scopel-Guerra
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Deiber Olivera-Severo
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, São Luiz Gonzaga, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Staniscuaski
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Augusto F Uberti
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Natália Callai-Silva
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natália Jaeger
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bárbara N Porto
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Celia R Carlini
- Brain Institute (BRAINS-InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carlini CR, Ligabue-Braun R. Ureases as multifunctional toxic proteins: A review. Toxicon 2015; 110:90-109. [PMID: 26690979 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ureases are metalloenzymes that hydrolyze urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. They were the first enzymes to be crystallized and, with them, the notion that enzymes are proteins became accepted. Novel toxic properties of ureases that are independent of their enzyme activity have been discovered in the last three decades. Since our first description of the neurotoxic properties of canatoxin, an isoform of the jack bean urease, which appeared in Toxicon in 1981, about one hundred articles have been published on "new" properties of plant and microbial ureases. Here we review the present knowledge on the non-enzymatic properties of ureases. Plant ureases and microbial ureases are fungitoxic to filamentous fungi and yeasts by a mechanism involving fungal membrane permeabilization. Plant and at least some bacterial ureases have potent insecticidal effects. This entomotoxicity relies partly on an internal peptide released upon proteolysis of ingested urease by insect digestive enzymes. The intact protein and its derived peptide(s) are neurotoxic to insects and affect a number of other physiological functions, such as diuresis, muscle contraction and immunity. In mammal models some ureases are acutely neurotoxic upon injection, at least partially by enzyme-independent effects. For a long time bacterial ureases have been recognized as important virulence factors of diseases by urease-producing microorganisms. Ureases activate exocytosis in different mammalian cells recruiting eicosanoids and Ca(2+)-dependent pathways, even when their ureolytic activity is blocked by an irreversible inhibitor. Ureases are chemotactic factors recognized by neutrophils (and some bacteria), activating them and also platelets into a pro-inflammatory "status". Secretion-induction by ureases may play a role in fungal and bacterial diseases in humans and other animals. The now recognized "moonlighting" properties of these proteins have renewed interest in ureases for their biotechnological potential to improve plant defense against pests and as potential targets to ameliorate diseases due to pathogenic urease-producing microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia R Carlini
- Brain Institute (Instituto do Cérebro-INSCER), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kirkby NS, Reed DM, Edin ML, Rauzi F, Mataragka S, Vojnovic I, Bishop-Bailey D, Milne GL, Longhurst H, Zeldin DC, Mitchell JA, Warner TD. Inherited human group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 deficiency abolishes platelet, endothelial, and leucocyte eicosanoid generation. FASEB J 2015; 29:4568-78. [PMID: 26183771 PMCID: PMC4608906 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-275065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids are important vascular regulators, but the phospholipase A2
(PLA2) isoforms supporting their production within the cardiovascular
system are not fully understood. To address this, we have studied platelets,
endothelial cells, and leukocytes from 2 siblings with a homozygous loss-of-function
mutation in group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2
(cPLA2α). Chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to determine
levels of a broad range of eicosanoids produced by isolated vascular cells, and in
plasma and urine. Eicosanoid release data were paired with studies of cellular
function. Absence of cPLA2α almost abolished eicosanoid synthesis
in platelets (e.g., thromboxane A2, control 20.5 ±
1.4 ng/ml vs. patient 0.1 ng/ml) and leukocytes
[e.g., prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), control
21.9 ± 7.4 ng/ml vs. patient 1.9 ng/ml], and this was
associated with impaired platelet activation and enhanced inflammatory responses.
cPLA2α-deficient endothelial cells showed reduced, but not
absent, formation of prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin; control 956 ±
422 pg/ml vs. patient 196 pg/ml) and were primed for inflammation.
In the urine, prostaglandin metabolites were selectively influenced by
cPLA2α deficiency. For example, prostacyclin metabolites were
strongly reduced (18.4% of control) in patients lacking cPLA2α,
whereas PGE2 metabolites (77.8% of control) were similar to healthy
volunteer levels. These studies constitute a definitive account, demonstrating the
fundamental role of cPLA2α to eicosanoid formation and cellular
responses within the human circulation.—Kirkby, N. S., Reed, D. M., Edin, M.
L., Rauzi, F., Mataragka, S., Vojnovic, I., Bishop-Bailey, D., Milne, G. L.,
Longhurst, H., Zeldin, D. C., Mitchell, J. A., Warner, T. D. Inherited human group
IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 deficiency abolishes platelet, endothelial,
and leucocyte eicosanoid generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Kirkby
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Reed
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew L Edin
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Rauzi
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Mataragka
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Vojnovic
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Bishop-Bailey
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ginger L Milne
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary Longhurst
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A Mitchell
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D Warner
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Heterogeneous Biological Network Visualization System: Case Study in Context of Medical Image Data. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 736:95-118. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7210-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
7
|
Holinstat M, Boutaud O, Apopa PL, Vesci J, Bala M, Oates JA, Hamm HE. Protease-activated receptor signaling in platelets activates cytosolic phospholipase A2α differently for cyclooxygenase-1 and 12-lipoxygenase catalysis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 31:435-42. [PMID: 21127289 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.219527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2)) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) by platelets is activation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2α) (cPLA(2α)), which releases arachidonic acid, which is the substrate for cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and 12-lipoxygenase. We evaluated signaling via the human platelet thrombin receptors, protease-activated receptor (PAR) 1 and PAR4, to the activation of cPLA(2α), which provides a substrate for the biosynthesis of TxA(2) and 12-HETE. METHODS AND RESULTS Stimulating washed human platelets resulted in delayed biosynthesis of 12-HETE, which continues after maximal formation of TxA(2) is completed, suggesting that 12-HETE is not formed by the same pool of arachidonic acid that provides a substrate to COX-1. PAR1-induced formation of TxA(2) was inhibited by the phosphatidylinositol kinase inhibitor LY294002, whereas this inhibitor did not block 12-HETE biosynthesis. Both 1-butanol and propranolol also blocked TxA(2) biosynthesis but did not inhibit 12-HETE formation. CONCLUSIONS The concerted evidence indicates that the platelet thrombin receptors signal activation of cPLA(2α) coupled to COX-1 by a pathway different from that signaling activation of the cPLA(2α) coupled to 12-lipoxygenase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Holinstat
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thomas CP, Morgan LT, Maskrey BH, Murphy RC, Kühn H, Hazen SL, Goodall AH, Hamali HA, Collins PW, O'Donnell VB. Phospholipid-esterified eicosanoids are generated in agonist-activated human platelets and enhance tissue factor-dependent thrombin generation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:6891-903. [PMID: 20061396 PMCID: PMC2844139 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.078428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, a group of specific lipids, comprising phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)- or phosphatidylcholine (PC)-esterified 12S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE), generated by 12-lipoxygenase was identified and characterized. 12S-HETE-PE/PCs were formed within 5 min of activation by thrombin, ionophore, or collagen. Esterified HETE levels generated in response to thrombin were 5.85 ± 1.42 (PE) or 18.35 ± 4.61 (PC), whereas free was 65.5 ± 17.6 ng/4 × 107 cells (n = 5 separate donors, mean ± S.E.). Their generation was stimulated by triggering protease-activated receptors-1 and -4 and signaling via Ca2+ mobilization secretory phospholipase A2, platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase, src tyrosine kinases, and protein kinase C. Stable isotope labeling showed that they form predominantly by esterification that occurs on the same time scale as free acid generation. Unlike free 12S-HETE that is secreted, esterified HETEs remain cell-associated, with HETE-PEs migrating to the outside of the plasma membrane. 12-Lipoxygenase inhibition attenuated externalization of native PE and phosphatidylserine and HETE-PEs. Platelets from a patient with the bleeding disorder, Scott syndrome, did not externalize HETE-PEs, and liposomes supplemented with HETE-PC dose-dependently enhanced tissue factor-dependent thrombin generation in vitro. This suggests a role for these novel lipids in promoting coagulation. Thus, oxidized phospholipids form by receptor/agonist mechanisms, not merely as an undesirable consequence of vascular and inflammatory disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wassermann GE, Olivera-Severo D, Uberti AF, Carlini CR. Helicobacter pylori urease activates blood platelets through a lipoxygenase-mediated pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:2025-34. [PMID: 19754669 PMCID: PMC3823284 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Helicobacter pylori causes peptic ulcers and gastric cancer in human beings by mechanisms yet not fully understood. H. pylori produces urease which neutralizes the acidic medium permitting its survival in the stomach. We have previously shown that ureases from jackbean, soybean or Bacillus pasteurii induce blood platelet aggregation independently of their enzyme activity by a pathway requiring platelet secretion, activation of calcium channels and lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids. We investigated whether H. pylori urease displays platelet-activating properties and defined biochemical pathways involved in this phenomenon. For that the effects of purified recombinant H. pylori urease (HPU) added to rabbit platelets were assessed turbidimetrically. ATP secretion and production of lipoxygenase metabolites by activated platelets were measured. Fluorescein-labelled HPU bound to platelets but not to erythrocytes. HPU induced aggregation of rabbit platelets (ED(50) 0.28 microM) accompanied by ATP secretion. No correlation was found between platelet activation and ureolytic activity of HPU. Platelet aggregation was blocked by esculetin (12-lipoxygenase inhibitor) and enhanced approximately 3-fold by indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor). A metabolite of 12-lipoxygenase was produced by platelets exposed to HPU. Platelet responses to HPU did not involve platelet-activating factor, but required activation of verapamil-inhibitable calcium channels. Our data show that purified H. pylori urease activates blood platelets at submicromolar concentrations. This property seems to be common to ureases regardless of their source (plant or bacteria) or quaternary structure (single, di- or tri-chain proteins). These properties of HPU could play an important role in pathogenesis of gastrointestinal and associated cardiovascular diseases caused by H. pylori.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- German E Wassermann
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Adler DH, Phillips JA, Cogan JD, Iverson TM, Stein JA, Brenner DA, Morrow JD, Boutaud O, Oates JA, Boutaud O, Oates JA. The enteropathy of prostaglandin deficiency. J Gastroenterol 2009; 44 Suppl 19:1-7. [PMID: 19148786 PMCID: PMC2799331 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-008-2253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small intestinal ulcers are frequent complications of therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We present here a genetic deficiency of eicosanoid biosynthesis that illuminates the mechanism of NSAID-induced ulcers of the small intestine. METHODS Eicosanoids and metabolites were measured by isotope dilution with mass spectrometry. cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription and sequenced following amplification with RT-PCR. RESULTS We investigated the cause of chronic recurrent small intestinal ulcers, small bowel perforations, and gastrointestinal blood loss in a 45-year-old man who was not taking any cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Prostaglandin metabolites in urine were significantly depressed. Serum thromboxane B2 (TxB2) production was 4.6% of normal controls (P<0.006), and serum 12-HETE was 1.3% of controls (P<0.005). Optical platelet aggregation with simultaneous monitoring of ATP release demonstrated absent granule secretion in response to ADP and a blunted aggregation response to ADP and collagen, but normal response to arachidonic acid (AA). LTB4 biosynthesis by ionophore-activated leukocytes was only 3% of controls, and urinary LTE4 was undetectable. These findings suggested deficient AA release from membrane phospholipids by cytosolic phospholipase A2-alpha (cPLA2-alpha), which regulates cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-mediated eicosanoid production by catalyzing the release of their substrate, AA. Sequencing of cPLA2-alpha cDNA demonstrated two heterozygous nonsynonymous single-base-pair mutations: Ser111Pro (S111P) and Arg485His (R485H), as well as a known single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), Lys651Arg (K651R). CONCLUSIONS Characterization of this cPLA2-alpha deficiency provides support for the importance of prostaglandins in protecting small intestinal integrity and indicates that loss of prostaglandin biosynthesis is sufficient to produce small intestinal ulcers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H. Adler
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University. 536 RRB, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA, Phone: (615) 343-4847, Fax: (615) 322-5303,
| | - John A. Phillips
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, DD 2205 MCN, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA, Phone: (615) 322-7601, Fax: (615) 343-9951,
| | - Joy D. Cogan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, DD 2205 MCN, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA, Phone: (615) 322-7601, Fax: (615) 343-9951,
| | - Tina M. Iverson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 461 PRB, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA, Phone: (615) 322-7817, Fax: (615) 343-6532,
| | - Jeffrey A. Stein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, Irving Pavillion, Rm 521, 161 Fort Washington Ave, New York, New York 10032, USA, Phone: (212) 305-5444, Fax: (212) 305-3542,
| | - David A. Brenner
- University of California, San Diego, Room 1318A, Biomedical Sciences Building, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, Phone: (858) 534-1501, Fax: (858) 822-0084,
| | - Jason D. Morrow
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University. 536 RRB, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA, Phone: (615) 322-4785, Fax: (615)343-9659,
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University. 536 RRB, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA, Phone: (615) 343-7398, Fax: (615) 322-5303,
| | - John A. Oates
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University. 536 RRB, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA, Phone: (615) 343-4847, Fax: (615) 322-5303,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Adler DH, Cogan JD, Phillips JA, Schnetz-Boutaud N, Milne GL, Iverson T, Stein JA, Brenner DA, Morrow JD, Boutaud O, Oates JA. Inherited human cPLA(2alpha) deficiency is associated with impaired eicosanoid biosynthesis, small intestinal ulceration, and platelet dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:2121-31. [PMID: 18451993 DOI: 10.1172/jci30473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (cPLA2alpha) hydrolyzes arachidonic acid from cellular membrane phospholipids, thereby providing enzymatic substrates for the synthesis of eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Considerable understanding of cPLA2alpha function has been derived from investigations of the enzyme and from cPLA2alpha-null mice, but knowledge of discrete roles for this enzyme in humans is limited. We investigated a patient hypothesized to have an inherited prostanoid biosynthesis deficiency due to his multiple, complicated small intestinal ulcers despite no use of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Levels of thromboxane B2 and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid produced by platelets and leukotriene B4 released from calcium ionophore-activated blood were markedly reduced, indicating defective enzymatic release of the arachidonic acid substrate for the corresponding cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenases. Platelet aggregation and degranulation induced by adenosine diphosphate or collagen were diminished but were normal in response to arachidonic acid. Two heterozygous single base pair mutations and a known SNP were found in the coding regions of the patient's cPLA2alpha genes (p.[Ser111Pro]+[Arg485His; Lys651Arg]). The total PLA2 activity in sonicated platelets was diminished, and the urinary metabolites of prostacyclin, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin D2, and thromboxane A2 were also reduced. These findings characterize what we believe is a novel inherited deficiency of cPLA2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Adler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Arachidonic Acid metabolites in the cardiovascular system: the role of lipoxygenase isoforms in atherogenesis with particular emphasis on vascular remodeling. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008; 50:609-20. [PMID: 18091576 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318159f177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling refers to lasting structural alterations in the vessel wall that are initiated in response to external and internal stimuli. These changes are distinct from acute functional responses of blood vessels when challenged by increased blood pressure, altered hemodynamics, or vasoactive mediators. In early atherogenesis, when lesion formation is starting to impact local hemodynamics, the vessel wall responds with outward vascular remodeling to maintain normal blood flow. However, inward remodeling may also occur during the time course of plaque formation, contributing to vascular stenosis. Lipoxygenases form a heterogeneous family of lipid-peroxidizing enzymes, which have been implicated in atherogenesis. Several lines of in vitro and in vivo evidence indicated their involvement in disease development, but the precise function of different lipoxygenase isoforms is still a matter of discussion. Vascular remodeling is an early response during plaque development; therefore, lipoxygenases may be involved in this process. Unfortunately, little is known about the potential role of lipoxygenase isoforms in vascular remodeling. This review will briefly summarize our knowledge of the role of lipoxygenases in vascular biology and will critically review the activities of the 3 most athero-relevant lipoxygenase isoforms in atherogenesis, with particular emphasis on vascular remodeling.
Collapse
|
13
|
Maskrey BH, Bermúdez-Fajardo A, Morgan AH, Stewart-Jones E, Dioszeghy V, Taylor GW, Baker PRS, Coles B, Coffey MJ, Kühn H, O'Donnell VB. Activated Platelets and Monocytes Generate Four Hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamines via Lipoxygenase. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:20151-63. [PMID: 17519227 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611776200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
12/15-Lipoxygenase (LOX) mediates immune-regulatory activities not accounted for by its known free acid eicosanoids, suggesting that additional lipids may be generated by activated cells. To characterize novel LOX-derived lipids, a lipidomic approach was utilized. Ionophore-activated interleukin-4-treated human peripheral monocytes generated up to 10-fold more esterified 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) than free in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- and protein kinase C-sensitive manner. Precursor scanning electrospray ionization/tandem spectroscopy for m/z 319 (HETE, [M-H](-)) showed 4 ions at m/z 738, 764, 766, and 782 that were identified using tandem spectroscopy and MS3 as specific diacyl and plasmalogen 15-HETE phosphatidylethanolamines. Using H (18)(2)O water, the compounds were shown to form by direct oxidation of endogenous phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) by 15-LOX, with PE being the preferred phospholipid pool containing 15-HETE. Similarly, human platelets generated 4 analogous PE lipids that contained 12-HETE and increased significantly in response to ionophore, collagen, or convulxin. These products were retained in the cells, in contrast to free acids, which are primarily secreted. Precursor scanning of platelet extracts for the major platelet-derived prostanoid, thromboxane B2 (m/z 369.2), did not reveal PE esters, indicating that this modification is restricted to the LOX pathway. In summary, we show formation of PE-esterified HETEs in immune cells that may contribute to LOX signaling in inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Maskrey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sohn H, Kim YS, Kim HT, Kim CH, Cho EW, Kang HY, Kim NS, Kim CH, Ryu SE, Lee JH, Ko JH. Ganglioside GM3 is involved in neuronal cell death. FASEB J 2006; 20:1248-50. [PMID: 16636105 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-4911fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides abundant in the nervous system have been implicated in a broad range of biological functions, including the regulation of cell proliferation and death. Glutamate-induced cell death, which is accompanied by an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a major contributor to pathological cell death within the nervous system. However, the mechanism underlying this neuronal cell death has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we report that ganglioside GM3 is involved in neuronal cell death. GM3 was up-regulated in the mouse hippocampal cell line HT22 death caused by glutamate. Increment in GM3 levels by both the exogenous addition of GM3 and the overexpression of the GM3 synthase gene induced neuronal cell death. Overexpression of GM3 synthase by microinjecting mRNA into zebrafish embryos resulted in neuronal cell death in the central nervous system (CNS). Conversely, RNA interference-mediated silencing of GM3 synthase rescued glutamate-induced neuronal death, as evidenced by the inhibition of massive ROS production and intracellular calcium ion influx. 12-lipoxygenase (12-lipoxygenase) (12-LOX) was recruited to glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains (GEM) in a GM3-dependent manner during oxidative glutamate toxicity. Our findings suggest that GM3 acts as not only a mediator of oxidative HT22 death by glutamate but also a modulator of in vivo neuronal cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hosung Sohn
- Systemic Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Eoeun-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|