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Meskova K, Martonova K, Hrasnova P, Sinska K, Skrabanova M, Fialova L, Njemoga S, Cehlar O, Parmar O, Kolenko P, Pevala V, Skrabana R. Cost-Effective Protein Production in CHO Cells Following Polyethylenimine-Mediated Gene Delivery Showcased by the Production and Crystallization of Antibody Fabs. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:51. [PMID: 37606435 PMCID: PMC10443350 DOI: 10.3390/antib12030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Laboratory production of recombinant mammalian proteins, particularly antibodies, requires an expression pipeline assuring sufficient yield and correct folding with appropriate posttranslational modifications. Transient gene expression (TGE) in the suspension-adapted Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines has become the method of choice for this task. The antibodies can be secreted into the media, which facilitates subsequent purification, and can be glycosylated. However, in general, protein production in CHO cells is expensive and may provide variable outcomes, namely in laboratories without previous experience. While achievable yields may be influenced by the nucleotide sequence, there are other aspects of the process which offer space for optimization, like gene delivery method, cultivation process or expression plasmid design. Polyethylenimine (PEI)-mediated gene delivery is frequently employed as a low-cost alternative to liposome-based methods. In this work, we are proposing a TGE platform for universal medium-scale production of antibodies and other proteins in CHO cells, with a novel expression vector allowing fast and flexible cloning of new genes and secretion of translated proteins. The production cost has been further reduced using recyclable labware. Nine days after transfection, we routinely obtain milligrams of antibody Fabs or human lactoferrin in a 25 mL culture volume. Potential of the platform is established based on the production and crystallization of antibody Fabs and their complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Meskova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Martonova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Patricia Hrasnova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristina Sinska
- AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Skrabanova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Fialova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
- AXON Neuroscience R&D Services SE, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stefana Njemoga
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ondrej Cehlar
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Olga Parmar
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petr Kolenko
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 115 19 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Pevala
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rostislav Skrabana
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
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2
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Jakaria M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Barreto GE, Perveen A, Hafeez A, Bin-Jumah MN, Abdel-Daim MM, Ashraf GM. Exploring the Potential of Neuroproteomics in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2263-2278. [PMID: 32493192 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200603112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive brain amyloidosis that damages brain regions associated with memory, thinking, behavioral and social skills. Neuropathologically, AD is characterized by intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated tau inclusions as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and buildup of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide as senile plaques. Several biomarker tests capturing these pathologies have been developed. However, for the full clinical expression of the neurodegenerative events of AD, there exist other central molecular pathways. In terms of understanding the unidentified underlying processes for the progression and development of AD, a complete comprehension of the structure and composition of atypical aggregation of proteins is essential. Presently, to aid the prognosis, diagnosis, detection, and development of drug targets in AD, neuroproteomics is elected as one of the leading essential tools for the efficient exploratory discovery of prospective biomarker candidates estimated to play a crucial role. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present the role of neuroproteomics to analyze the complexity of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Jakaria
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Chile,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - May N Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ghulam M Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Ahmad W, Shabbiri K, Ahmad I. Prediction of human tau 3D structure, and interplay between O-β-GlcNAc and phosphorylation modifications in Alzheimer's disease: C. elegans as a suitable model to study these interactions in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:466-472. [PMID: 32499112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tau protein regulates, maintains and stabilizes microtubule assembly under normal physiological conditions. In certain pathological circumstances, tau is post-translationally modified predominantly via phosphorylation and glycosylation. Hyper-phosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) resulted in aggregated neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formation. Unfortunately, absence of tau 3D structure makes difficult to understand exact mechanism involved in tau pathology. Here by using ab-initio modelling, we predicted a tau 3D structure that not only explains its binding with microtubules but also elucidates NFTs formation. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-β-GlcNAc) is thought to regulate tau phosphorylation on single or proximal Ser/Thr residues (called as Yin-Yang sites). In this study, we not only validate the previously described three-serine residues (208, 238 and 400) as Yin-Yang sites but also predicted 22 more possible Ser/Thr O-glycosylation sites. Among them seventeen residues were predicted as possible Yin-Yang sites and are proposed to mediate NFT formation in AD. These predicted Yin-Yang sites may act as attractive therapeutic targets for the drug development in AD. Predicted 3D structure of tau441 was highly accessible for phosphorylation and hyperphosphorylation, and showed higher surface accessibility for interplay between O-β-GlcNAc and phosphorylation modifications. Kinases and phosphatases involved in tau phosphorylation are conserved in human and other organisms. Homology modelling revealed conserved catalytic domain for both human and C. elegans O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), suggesting that transgenic C. elegans expressing human tau may be a suitable model system to study these modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Khadija Shabbiri
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
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4
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Tsuchida T, Susa K, Kibiki T, Tsuchiya T, Miyamoto K, In Y, Minoura K, Taniguchi T, Ishida T, Tomoo K. Crystal structure of the human tau PHF core domain VQIINK complexed with the Fab domain of monoclonal antibody Tau2r3. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2140-2149. [PMID: 32282060 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles formed by abnormally aggregated tau protein are a histopathological feature of tauopathies. A tau aggregation inhibitor is a potential therapeutic agent for tauopathies. In this study, we prepared a monoclonal antibody for tau, monoclonal antibody to tau protein (Tau2r3), using as epitope the 272 GGKVQIINKKLD283 peptide in the microtubule-binding domain of tau, the key region mediating tau aggregation. We show that Tau2r3 clearly inhibits tau aggregation. To analyze the inhibition mechanism of Tau2r3, we solved the crystal structure of the Fab domain of Tau2r3 (Fab2r3) in complex with the VQIINK peptide. In the Fab2r3-VQIINK structure, the second and sixth polar residues and the fourth hydrophobic residue of VQIINK are crucial for binding to Fab2r3. The structural data for the Fab2r3-VQIINK complex could contribute to the design of new tau aggregation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Tsuchida
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Kouki Susa
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kibiki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Infection Control, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Katsushiro Miyamoto
- Department of Infection Control, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Yasuko In
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Minoura
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | | | - Toshimasa Ishida
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Koji Tomoo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
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5
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Abstract
The 2525 amino acid SMRT corepressor is an intrinsically disordered hub protein responsible for binding and coordinating the activities of multiple transcription factors and chromatin modifying enzymes. Here we have studied its interaction with HDAC7, a class IIa deacetylase that interacts with the corepressor complex together with the highly active class I deacetylase HDAC3. The binding site of class IIa deacetylases was previously mapped to an approximate 500 amino acid region of SMRT, with recent implication of short glycine-serine-isoleucine (GSI) containing motifs. In order to characterize the interaction in detail, we applied a random library screening approach within this region and obtained a range of stable, soluble SMRT fragments. In agreement with an absence of predicted structural domains, these were characterized as intrinsically disordered by NMR spectroscopy. We identified one of them, comprising residues 1255–1452, as interacting with HDAC7 with micromolar affinity. The binding site was mapped in detail by NMR and confirmed by truncation and alanine mutagenesis. Complementing this with mutational analysis of HDAC7, we show that HDAC7, via its surface zinc ion binding site, binds to a 28 residue stretch in SMRT comprising a GSI motif followed by an alpha helix.
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6
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Ma B, Zhao J, Nussinov R. Conformational selection in amyloid-based immunotherapy: Survey of crystal structures of antibody-amyloid complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1860:2672-81. [PMID: 27266343 PMCID: PMC5610039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dominant feature in neurodegenerative diseases is protein aggregations that lead to neuronal loss. Immunotherapies using antibodies or antibody fragments to target the aggregations are a highly perused approach. The molecular mechanisms underlying the amyloid-based immunotherapy are complex. Deciphering the properties of amyloidogenic proteins responsible for these diseases is essential to obtain insights into antibody recognition of the amyloid antigens. SCOPE OF REVIEW We systematically explore all available crystal structures of antibody-amyloid complexes related to neurodegenerative diseases, including antibodies that recognize the Aβ peptide, tau protein, prion protein, alpha-synuclein, huntingtin protein (mHTT), and polyglutamine. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We found that antibodies mostly use the conformational selection mechanism to recognize the highly flexible amyloid antigens. In particular, solanezumab bound to Aβ12-28 tripeptide motif conformation (F19F20A21), which is shared with the Aβ42 fibril. This motif, which is trapped by the antibody, may provide the missing link in amyloid formation. Water molecules often bridge between the antibody and amyloid, contributing to the recognition. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This paper provides the structural basis for antibody recognition of amyloidogenic proteins. The analysis and discussion of known structures are expected to help in the design and optimization of antibodies in neurodegenerative diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "System Genetics" Guest Editor: Dr. Yudong Cai and Dr. Tao Huang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States.
| | - Jun Zhao
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States; Sackler Inst. of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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7
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Ariza M, Kolb HC, Moechars D, Rombouts F, Andrés JI. Tau Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging: Past, Present, and Future. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4365-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5017544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ariza
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hartmuth C. Kolb
- Neuroscience Biomarkers, Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dieder Moechars
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederik Rombouts
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - José Ignacio Andrés
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen-Cilag, Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
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8
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Chikazawa M, Otaki N, Shibata T, Yasueda T, Matsuda T, Uchida K. An apoptosis-associated mammary protein deficiency leads to enhanced production of IgM antibodies against multiple damage-associated molecules. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68468. [PMID: 23874637 PMCID: PMC3709889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a protein that binds to apoptotic cells by recognizing phosphatidylserine and enhances the engulfment of apoptotic cells by macrophages. Many apoptotic cells are left unengulfed in the germinal centers of the spleen in the MFG-E8-deficient (MFG-E8−/−) mice, and these mice develop an autoimmune disease resembling human systemic lupus erythematosus. We found that the MFG-E8 deficiency was accompanied by the increased production of immunoglobulins. Further Western blot and ELISA analyses validated the increase in the IgM levels in the MFG-E8−/− mice. It was also revealed that the sera from the MFG-E8−/− mice cross-reacted with oxidation-specific epitopes generated upon incubation of serum albumin with the peroxidized lipids. Among the modified proteins with several unsaturated aldehydes of chain lengths varying from three to nine carbons, the MFG-E8−/− mice sera exclusively cross-reacted with the protein-bound 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE), a highly reactive aldehyde originating from the peroxidation of ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, the IgM monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that selectively cross-reacted with the ONE-modified proteins were generated from the MFG-E8−/− mice. A subset of the ONE-specific IgM mAbs significantly recognized the late apoptotic and necrotic cells and enhanced the phagocytosis by macrophages. These data demonstrate that the impairment of the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells through MFG-E8 can lead to the generation of natural antibodies, which may play a critical role in removing multiple damage-associated molecules, including oxidation-specific epitopes and late apoptotic/necrotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Chikazawa
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Natsuki Otaki
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yasueda
- Laboratory of Molecular Bioregulation, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Bioregulation, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Skrabana R, Cehlar O, Flachbartova Z, Kovac A, Sevcik J, Novak M. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of two peptides from Alzheimer PHF in complex with the MN423 antibody Fab fragment. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:1186-90. [PMID: 23027744 PMCID: PMC3497976 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112033477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The major constituent of the Alzheimer's disease paired helical filaments (PHF) core is the intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) tau. Globular binding partners, e.g. monoclonal antibodies, can stabilize the fold of disordered tau in complexes. A previously published structure of a proteolytically generated tau fragment in a complex with the PHF-specific monoclonal antibody MN423 revealed a turn-like structure of the PHF core C-terminus [Sevcik et al. (2007). FEBS Lett. 581, 5872-5878]. To examine the structures of longer better-defined PHF segments, crystals of the MN423 Fab fragment were grown in the presence of two synthetic peptides derived from the PHF core C-terminus. For each, X-ray diffraction data were collected at 100 K at a synchrotron source and initial phases were obtained by molecular replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostislav Skrabana
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84 510 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Axon Neuroscience SE, Grosslingova 45, 81 109 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ondrej Cehlar
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84 510 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Flachbartova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84 510 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84 510 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Axon Neuroscience SE, Grosslingova 45, 81 109 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Sevcik
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 21, 84 251 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Novak
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84 510 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Axon Neuroscience SE, Grosslingova 45, 81 109 Bratislava, Slovakia
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10
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Cehlar O, Skrabana R, Kovac A, Kovacech B, Novak M. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of tau protein microtubule-binding motifs in complex with Tau5 and DC25 antibody Fab fragments. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:1181-5. [PMID: 23027743 PMCID: PMC3497975 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's disease-associated protein tau is an intrinsically disordered protein with no preferred structure in solution. Under physiological conditions, tau binds to microtubules and regulates their dynamics, whereas during the development of neurodegeneration tau dissociates from microtubules, misfolds and creates highly insoluble deposits. To elucidate the determinants of tau-protein misfolding, tau peptides from microtubule-binding motifs were crystallized in complexes with Fab fragments of specific monoclonal antibodies. The crystals diffracted to 1.69 Å resolution and gave complete data sets using a synchrotron X-ray source. Molecular replacement was used to solve the phase problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Cehlar
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rostislav Skrabana
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Axon Neuroscience SE, Grosslingova 45, 81109 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Axon Neuroscience SE, Grosslingova 45, 81109 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Kovacech
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Axon Neuroscience SE, Grosslingova 45, 81109 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Novak
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Axon Neuroscience SE, Grosslingova 45, 81109 Bratislava, Slovakia
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11
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Monti MC, Margarucci L, Tosco A, Riccio R, Casapullo A. New insights on the interaction mechanism between tau protein and oleocanthal, an extra-virgin olive-oil bioactive component. Food Funct 2011; 2:423-8. [PMID: 21894330 DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10064e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oleocanthal (OLC) is a phenolic component of extra-virgin olive oil, recently supposed to be involved in the modulation of some human diseases, such as inflammation and Alzheimer. In particular, OLC has been shown to abrogate fibrillization of tau protein, one of the main causes of Alzheimer neurodegeneration. A recent interpretation of this mechanism has been attempted on the basis of OLC reactivity with the fibrillogenic tau hexapeptide VQIVYK and SDS-PAGE of OLC/tau incubation mixtures, suggesting that covalent modification events modulate tau fibrillization. In this paper we report a detailed mass spectrometric investigation of the OLC reactive profile with both tau protein fibrillogenic fragment K18 and propylamine in biomimetic conditions. We show that K18 is prone to be covalently modified by OLC through Schiff base formation between the ε-amino group of lysine residues and OLC aldehyde carbonyls. Moreover, as expected from its de-structured conformation, K18 shows a non-selective modification profile, reacting with several lysine residues to give cyclic pyridinium-like stable adducts. These data give new insights on the mechanism of inhibition of tau fibrillization mediated by OLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Monti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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12
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Rojo LE, Alzate-Morales J, Saavedra IN, Davies P, Maccioni RB. Selective interaction of lansoprazole and astemizole with tau polymers: potential new clinical use in diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 19:573-89. [PMID: 20110603 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe the interactions of two benzimidazole derivatives, astemizole (AST) and lansoprazole (LNS), with anomalous aggregates of tau protein (neurofibrillary tangles). Interestingly, these compounds, with important medical applications in the treatment of allergies and gastrointestinal disorders respectively, specifically bind to aggregated variants of tau protein and to paired helical filaments isolated from brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. These ligands appear to be a powerful tool to tag brain-isolated tau-aggregates and heparin-induced polymers of recombinant tau. The interactions of AST and LNS with tau aggregates were assessed by classical radioligand assays, surface plasmon resonance, and bioinformatic approaches. The affinity of AST and LNS for tau aggregates was comparatively higher than that for amyloid-beta polymers according to our data. This is relevant since senile plaques are also abundant but are not pathognomonic in AD patients. Immunochemical studies on paired helical filaments from brains of AD patients and surface plasmon resonance studies confirm these findings. The capacity of these drugs to penetrate the blood-brain barrier was evaluated: i) in vitro by parallel artificial membrane permeability assay followed by experimental Log P determinations; and ii) in vivo by pharmacokinetic studies comparing distribution profiles in blood and brain of mice using HPLC/UV. Importantly, our studies indicate that the brain/blood concentration ratios for these compounds were suitable for their use as PET radiotracers. Since neurofibrillary tangles are positively correlated with cognitive impairment, we concluded that LNS and AST have a great potential in PET neuroimaing for in vivo early detection of AD and in reducing the formation of neurofibrillary tangles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel E Rojo
- International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Structural polymorphism of 441-residue tau at single residue resolution. PLoS Biol 2009; 7:e34. [PMID: 19226187 PMCID: PMC2642882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is characterized by abnormal protein deposits in the brain, such as extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. The tangles are made of a protein called tau comprising 441 residues in its longest isoform. Tau belongs to the class of natively unfolded proteins, binds to and stabilizes microtubules, and partially folds into an ordered beta-structure during aggregation to Alzheimer paired helical filaments (PHFs). Here we show that it is possible to overcome the size limitations that have traditionally hampered detailed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy studies of such large nonglobular proteins. This is achieved using optimal NMR pulse sequences and matching of chemical shifts from smaller segments in a divide and conquer strategy. The methodology reveals that 441-residue tau is highly dynamic in solution with a distinct domain character and an intricate network of transient long-range contacts important for pathogenic aggregation. Moreover, the single-residue view provided by the NMR analysis reveals unique insights into the interaction of tau with microtubules. Our results establish that NMR spectroscopy can provide detailed insight into the structural polymorphism of very large nonglobular proteins.
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New Age of Neuroproteomics in Alzheimer’s Disease Research. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2009; 29:799-805. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-009-9358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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