1
|
Lee TE, Ko YJ, Shin KC, Oh DK. Biotransformation of docosahexaenoic acid into 10R,17S-dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid as protectin DX 10-epimer by serial reactions of arachidonate 8R- and 15S-lipoxygenases. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:219. [PMID: 38809492 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Protectins, 10,17-dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (10,17-DiHDHAs), are belonged to specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). Protectins are generated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in humans and resolve inflammation and infection in trace amounts. However, the quantitative production of protectin DX 10-epimer (10-epi-PDX, 10R,17S-4Z,7Z,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-DiHDHA) has been not attempted to date. In this study, 10-epi-PDX was quantitatively produced from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by serial whole-cell biotransformation of Escherichia coli expressing arachidonate (ARA) 8R-lipoxygenase (8R-LOX) from the coral Plexaura homomalla and E. coli expressing ARA 15S-LOX from the bacterium Archangium violaceum. The optimal bioconversion conditions to produce 10R-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (10R-HDHA) and 10-epi-PDX were pH 8.0, 30 °C, 2.0 mM DHA, and 4.0 g/L cells; and pH 8.5, 20 °C, 1.4 mM 10R-HDHA, and 1.0 g/L cells, respectively. Under these optimized conditions, 2.0 mM (657 mg/L) DHA was converted into 1.2 mM (433 mg/L) 10-epi-PDX via 1.4 mM (482 mg/L) 10R-HDHA by the serial whole-cell biotransformation within 90 min, with a molar conversion of 60% and volumetric productivity of 0.8 mM/h (288 mg/L/h). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quantitative production of 10-epi-PDX. Our results contribute to the efficient biocatalytic synthesis of SPMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Eui Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- National Center for Inter-University Research facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, 17035, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali AH, Hachem M, Ahmmed MK. Docosahexaenoic acid-loaded nanoparticles: A state-of-the-art of preparation methods, characterization, functionality, and therapeutic applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30946. [PMID: 38774069 PMCID: PMC11107210 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, offers several beneficial effects. DHA helps in reducing depression, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. It can stimulate the development of brain and nerve, alleviate lipids metabolism-related disorders, and enhance vision development. However, DHA susceptibility to chemical oxidation, poor water solubility, and unpleasant order could restrict its applications for nutritional and therapeutic purposes. To avoid these drawbacks and enhance its bioavailability, DHA can be encapsulated using an effective delivery system. Several encapsulation methods are recognized, and DHA-loaded nanoparticles have demonstrated numerous benefits. In clinical studies, positive influences on the development of several diseases have been reported, but some assumptions are conflicting and need more exploration, since DHA has a systemic and not a targeted release at the required level. This might cause the applications of nanoparticles that could allow DHA release at the required level and improve its efficiency, thus resulting in a better controlling of several diseases. In the current review, we focused on researches investigating the formulation and development of DHA-loaded nanoparticles using different delivery systems, including low-density lipoprotein, zinc oxide, silver, zein, and resveratrol-stearate. Silver-DHA nanoparticles presented a typical particle size of 24 nm with an incorporation level of 97.67 %, while the entrapment efficiency of zinc oxide-DHA nanoparticles represented 87.3 %. By using zein/Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) stabilized nanoparticles, DHA's encapsulation level reached 84.6 %. We have also highlighted the characteristics, functionality and medical implementation of these nanoparticles in the treatment of inflammations, brain disorders, diabetes as well as hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoneim H. Ali
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mayssa Hachem
- Department of Chemistry and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Group, Khalifa University of Sciences and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Department of Fishing and Post-harvest Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eltay EG, Van Dyke T. Resolution of inflammation in oral diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108453. [PMID: 37244405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is an essential endogenous process that protects host tissues from an exaggerated chronic inflammatory response. Multiple interactions between host cells and resident oral microbiome regulate the protective functions that lead to inflammation in the oral cavity. Failure of appropriate regulation of inflammation can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases that result from an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution mediators. Thus, failure of the host to resolve inflammation can be considered an essential pathological mechanism for progression from the late stages of acute inflammation to a chronic inflammatory response. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which are essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived autacoid mediators, aid in regulating the endogenous inflammation resolving process by stimulating immune cell-mediated clearance of apoptotic polymorphonuclear neutrophils, cellular debris, and microbes, restricting further neutrophil tissue infiltration, and counter-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The SPM superfamily contains four specialized lipid mediator families: lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins that can activate resolution pathways. Understanding the crosstalk between resolution signals in the tissue response to injury has therapeutic application potential for preventing, maintaining, and regenerating chronically damaged tissues. Here, we discuss the fundamental concepts of resolution as an active biochemical process, novel concepts demonstrating the role of resolution mediators in tissue regeneration in periodontal and pulpal diseases, and future directions for therapeutic applications with particular emphasis on periodontal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiba G Eltay
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thomas Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maltais R, Sancéau JY, Poirier D, Marette A. A Concise, Gram-Scale Total Synthesis of Protectin DX and Related Labeled Versions via a Key Stereoselective Reduction of Enediyne. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37172290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a gram-scale total synthesis of protectin DX (PDX) following a convergent synthetic route (24 steps) from l-malic acid. This novel synthetic strategy is based on the assembly of three main building blocks using a Sonogashira coupling reaction (blocks A and B) and Wittig olefination (block C) to provide the 22-carbon backbone of PDX. A key stereoselective reduction of enediyne leads to a central E,Z,E-trienic system of PDX and also gives access to its labeled versions (D and T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René Maltais
- Organic Synthesis Service, Medicinal Chemistry Platform, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Jean-Yves Sancéau
- Organic Synthesis Service, Medicinal Chemistry Platform, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Donald Poirier
- Organic Synthesis Service, Medicinal Chemistry Platform, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval Hospital, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duchez AC, Fauteux-Daniel S, Sut C, Ebermeyer T, Heestermans M, Arthaud CA, Eyraud MA, Prier A, Audoux E, Bertrand-Michel J, Payrastre B, Garraud O, Boilard E, Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Cognasse F. Bioactive lipids as biomarkers of adverse reactions associated with apheresis platelet concentrate transfusion. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1031968. [PMID: 37138863 PMCID: PMC10149858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1031968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet concentrate (PC) transfusion seeks to provide haemostasis in patients presenting severe central thrombocytopenia or severe bleeding. PCs may induce adverse reactions (AR) that can occasionally be severe (SAR). PCs contain active biomolecules such as cytokines and lipid mediators. The processing and storage of PCs creates so-called structural and biochemical storage lesions that accumulate when blood products reach their shelf life. We sought to investigate lipid mediators as bioactive molecules of interest during storage and review associations with adverse reactions post-transfusion. To facilitate understanding, we focused on single donor apheresis (SDA) PCs with approximately 31.8% of PCs being delivered in our setting. Indeed, pooled PCs are the most widely transfused products, but the study of a single donor lipid mediator is easier to interpret. We are investigating key lipid mediators involved in AR. Adverse reactions were closely monitored in accordance with current national and regional haemovigilance protocols. Residual PCs were analysed post-transfusion in a series of observations, both with and without severe reactions in recipients. A decrease in the lysophosphatidylcholine species to produce the lysophosphatidic acid species has been observed during storage and in the case of AR. Lysophosphatidic acid increased with primarily platelet-inhibitor lipids. Anti-inflammatory platelet-induced inhibition lipids were weakly expressed in cases of severe adverse reactions. We therefore propose that a decrease in lysophosphatidylcholine and an increase in lysophosphatidic acid can prospectively predict serious adverse transfusion reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Duchez
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
- *Correspondence: Anne-Claire Duchez,
| | - Sébastien Fauteux-Daniel
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Caroline Sut
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Theo Ebermeyer
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Marco Heestermans
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Charles-Antoine Arthaud
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Marie-Ange Eyraud
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Amélie Prier
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Estelle Audoux
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR, ToNIC: Toulouse NeuroImaging Centre, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Garraud
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Eric Boilard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Université Laval and Centre de recherche ARThrite, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Fabrice Cognasse
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Savchenko T, Degtyaryov E, Radzyukevich Y, Buryak V. Therapeutic Potential of Plant Oxylipins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314627. [PMID: 36498955 PMCID: PMC9741157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For immobile plants, the main means of protection against adverse environmental factors is the biosynthesis of various secondary (specialized) metabolites. The extreme diversity and high biological activity of these metabolites determine the researchers' interest in plants as a source of therapeutic agents. Oxylipins, oxygenated derivatives of fatty acids, are particularly promising in this regard. Plant oxylipins, which are characterized by a diversity of chemical structures, can exert protective and therapeutic properties in animal cells. While the therapeutic potential of some classes of plant oxylipins, such as jasmonates and acetylenic oxylipins, has been analyzed thoroughly, other oxylipins are barely studied in this regard. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic potential of all major classes of plant oxylipins, including derivatives of acetylenic fatty acids, jasmonates, six- and nine-carbon aldehydes, oxy-, epoxy-, and hydroxy-derivatives of fatty acids, as well as spontaneously formed phytoprostanes and phytofurans. The presented analysis will provide an impetus for further research investigating the beneficial properties of these secondary metabolites and bringing them closer to practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Savchenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Evgeny Degtyaryov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Puschchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Prospect Nauki st., 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Radzyukevich
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vlada Buryak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, str. 51, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Enzymatic Formation of Protectin Dx and Its Production by Whole-Cell Reaction Using Recombinant Lipoxygenases. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human body, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contained in fish oil is converted to trace amounts of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) as the principal bioactive metabolites for their pharmacological effects. Protectin Dx (PDX), an SPM, is an important medicinal compound with biological activities such as modulation of endogenous antioxidant systems, inflammation pro-resolving action, and inhibition of influenza virus replication. Although it can be biotechnologically synthesized from DHA, it has not yet been produced quantitatively. Here, we found that 15S-lipoxygenase from Burkholderia thailandensis (BT 15SLOX) converted 10S-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (10S-HDHA) to PDX using enzymatic reactions, which was confirmed by LC-MS/MS and NMR analyses. Thus, whole-cell reactions of Escherichia coli cells expressing BT 15SLOX were performed in flasks to produce PDX from lipase-treated DHA-enriched fish oil along with E. coli cells expressing Mus musculus (mouse) 8S-lipoxygenase (MO 8SLOX) that converted DHA to 10S-HDHA. First, 1 mM DHA (DHA-enriched fish oil hydrolysate, DFOH) was obtained from 455 mg/L DHA-enriched fish oil by lipase for 1 h. Second, E. coli cells expressing MO 8SLOX converted 1 mM DHA in DFOH to 0.43 mM 10S-HDHA for 6 h. Finally, E. coli cells expressing BT 15SLOX converted 0.43 mM 10S-HDHA in MO 8SLOX-treated DFOH to 0.30 mM (108 mg/L) PDX for 5 h. Consequently, DHA-enriched fish oil at 455 mg/L was converted to 108 mg/L PDX after a total of 12 h (conversion yield: 24% (w/w); productivity: 4.5 mg/L/h). This study is the first report on the quantitative production of PDX via biotechnological approaches.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dubé L, Spahis S, Lachaîne K, Lemieux A, Monhem H, Poulin SM, Randoll C, Travaillaud E, Ould-Chikh NEH, Marcil V, Delvin E, Levy E. Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators Derived from N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Role in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Complications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:54-83. [PMID: 35072542 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence continues to grow and represents a serious public health issue worldwide. This multifactorial condition carries the risk of hastening the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Another troubling aspect of MetS is the requirement of poly-pharmacological therapy not devoid of side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for prospecting alternative nutraceuticals as effective therapeutic agents for MetS. Recent Advances: Currently, there is an increased interest in understanding the regulation of metabolic derangements by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), especially those derived from the long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Critical Issues: The SPMs are recognized as efficient modulators that are capable of inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, blocking neutrophil activation/recruitment, and inducing non-phlogistic (anti-inflammatory) activation of macrophage engulfment and removal of apoptotic inflammatory cells and debris. The aim of the present review is precisely to first underline key concepts relative to SPM functions before focusing on their status and actions on MetS components (e.g., obesity, glucose dysmetabolism, hyperlipidemia, hypertension) and complications such as T2D, NAFLD, and CVD. Future Directions: Valuable data from preclinical and clinical investigations have emphasized the SPM functions and influence on oxidative stress- and inflammation-related MetS. Despite these promising findings obtained without compromising host defense, additional efforts are needed to evaluate their potential therapeutic applications and further develop practical tools to monitor their bioavailability to cope with cardiometabolic disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 54-83.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dubé
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Karelle Lachaîne
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Hanine Monhem
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Carolane Randoll
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eva Travaillaud
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Unit, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators: New Therapeutic Approaches for Vascular Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073592. [PMID: 35408952 PMCID: PMC8998739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a typical feature of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, aneurysms or restenosis. Excessive inflammation is a key mechanism underlying vascular remodeling via the modulation of vascular fibrosis, phenotype and function. Recent evidence suggests that not only augmented inflammation but unresolved inflammation might also contribute to different aspects of vascular diseases. Resolution of inflammation is mediated by a family of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that limit immune cell infiltration and initiate tissue repair mechanisms. SPMs (lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins) are generated from essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. Synthases and receptors for SPMs were initially described in immune cells, but they are also present in endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), where they regulate processes important for vascular physiology, such as EC activation and VSMC phenotype. Evidence from genetic models targeting SPM pathways and pharmacological supplementation with SPMs have demonstrated that these mediators may play a protective role against the development of vascular remodeling in atherosclerosis, aneurysms and restenosis. This review focuses on the latest advances in understanding the role of SPMs in vascular cells and their therapeutic effects in the vascular remodeling associated with different cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Daoust L, Pilon G, Marette A. Perspective: Nutritional Strategies Targeting the Gut Microbiome to Mitigate COVID-19 Outcomes. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1074-1086. [PMID: 33783468 PMCID: PMC8083677 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
More than a year has passed since the first reported case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection in the city of Wuhan in China's Hubei Province. Until now, few antiviral medications (e.g., remdesivir) or drugs that target inflammatory complications associated with SARS-CoV2 infection have been considered safe by public health authorities. By the end of November 2020, this crisis had led to >1 million deaths and revealed the high susceptibility of people with pre-existing comorbidities (e.g., obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension) to suffer from a severe form of the disease. Elderly people have also been found to be highly susceptible to SARS-CoV2 infection and morbidity. Gastrointestinal manifestations and gut microbial alterations observed in SARS-CoV2-infected hospitalized patients have raised awareness of the potential role of intestinal mechanisms in increasing the severity of the disease. It is therefore critically important to find alternative or complementary approaches, not only to prevent or treat the disease, but also to reduce its growing societal and economic burden. In this review, we explore potential nutritional strategies that implicate the use of polyphenols, probiotics, vitamin D, and ω-3 fatty acids with a focus on the gut microbiome, and that could lead to concrete recommendations that are easily applicable to both vulnerable people with pre-existing metabolic comorbidities and the elderly, but also to the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Daoust
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liput KP, Lepczyński A, Ogłuszka M, Nawrocka A, Poławska E, Grzesiak A, Ślaska B, Pareek CS, Czarnik U, Pierzchała M. Effects of Dietary n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Inflammation and Cancerogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6965. [PMID: 34203461 PMCID: PMC8268933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary recommendation encourages reducing saturated fatty acids (SFA) in diet and replacing them with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 (omega-3) and n-6 (omega-6) to decrease the risk of metabolic disturbances. Consequently, excessive n-6 PUFAs content and high n-6/n-3 ratio are found in Western-type diet. The importance of a dietary n-6/n-3 ratio to prevent chronic diseases is linked with anti-inflammatory functions of linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and longer-chain n-3 PUFAs. Thus, this review provides an overview of the role of oxylipins derived from n-3 PUFAs and oxylipins formed from n-6 PUFAs on inflammation. Evidence of PUFAs' role in carcinogenesis was also discussed. In vitro studies, animal cancer models and epidemiological studies demonstrate that these two PUFA groups have different effects on the cell growth, proliferation and progression of neoplastic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila P. Liput
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Adam Lepczyński
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. K. Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Magdalena Ogłuszka
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Agata Nawrocka
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
- Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Ewa Poławska
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Agata Grzesiak
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. K. Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Brygida Ślaska
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Chandra S. Pareek
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. J. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Division of Functional Genomics in Biological and Biomedical Research, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Urszula Czarnik
- Department of Pig Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bio-Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. M. Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Pierzchała
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tsai WC, Kalyanaraman C, Yamaguchi A, Holinstat M, Jacobson MP, Holman TR. In Vitro Biosynthetic Pathway Investigations of Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) and Protectin DX (PDX) by Human 12-Lipoxygenase, 15-Lipoxygenase-1, and 15-Lipoxygenase-2. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1741-1754. [PMID: 34029049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, human platelet 12-lipoxygenase [h12-LOX (ALOX12)], human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase-1 [h15-LOX-1 (ALOX15)], and human epithelial 15-lipoxygenase-2 [h15-LOX-2 (ALOX15B)] were observed to react with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and produce 17S-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (17S-HpDHA). The kcat/KM values with DHA for h12-LOX, h15-LOX-1, and h15-LOX-2 were 12, 0.35, and 0.43 s-1 μM-1, respectively, which demonstrate h12-LOX as the most efficient of the three. These values are comparable to their counterpart kcat/KM values with arachidonic acid (AA), 14, 0.98, and 0.24 s-1 μM-1, respectively. Comparison of their product profiles with DHA demonstrates that the three LOX isozymes produce 11S-HpDHA, 14S-HpDHA, and 17S-HpDHA, to varying degrees, with 17S-HpDHA being the majority product only for the 15-LOX isozymes. The effective kcat/KM values (kcat/KM × percent product formation) for 17S-HpDHA of the three isozymes indicate that the in vitro value of h12-LOX was 2.8-fold greater than that of h15-LOX-1 and 1.3-fold greater than that of h15-LOX-2. 17S-HpDHA was an effective substrate for h12-LOX and h15-LOX-1, with four products being observed under reducing conditions: protectin DX (PDX), 16S,17S-epoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,14E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (16S,17S-epoxyDHA), the key intermediate in neuroprotection D1 biosynthesis [NPD1, also known as protectin D1 (PD1)], 11,17S-diHDHA, and 16,17S-diHDHA. However, h15-LOX-2 did not react with 17-HpDHA. With respect to their effective kcat/KM values, h12-LOX was markedly less effective than h15-LOX-1 in reacting with 17S-HpDHA, with a 55-fold lower effective kcat/KM in producing 16S,17S-epoxyDHA and a 27-fold lower effective kcat/KM in generating PDX. This is the first direct demonstration of h15-LOX-1 catalyzing this reaction and reveals an in vitro pathway for PDX and NPD1 intermediate biosynthesis. In addition, epoxide formation from 17S-HpDHA and h15-LOX-1 was negatively affected via allosteric regulation by 17S-HpDHA (Kd = 5.9 μM), 12S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) (Kd = 2.5 μM), and 17S-hydroxy-13Z,15E,19Z-docosatrienoic acid (17S-HDTA) (Kd = 1.4 μM), suggesting a possible regulatory pathway in reducing epoxide formation. Finally, 17S-HpDHA and PDX inhibited platelet aggregation, with EC50 values of approximately 1 and 3 μM, respectively. The in vitro results presented here may help advise in vivo PDX and NPD1 intermediate (i.e., 16S,17S-epoxyDHA) biosynthetic investigations and support the benefits of DHA rich diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jin J, Boeglin WE, Brash AR. Analysis of 12/15-lipoxygenase metabolism of EPA and DHA with special attention to authentication of docosatrienes. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100088. [PMID: 34022182 PMCID: PMC8219989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A proposed beneficial impact of highly unsaturated “fish oil” fatty acids is their conversion by lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes to specialized proresolving lipid mediators, including 12/15-LOX products from EPA and DHA. The transformations of DHA include formation of docosatrienes, named for the distinctive conjugated triene of the double bonds. To further the understanding of biosynthetic pathways and mechanisms, herein we meld together biosynthesis and NMR characterization of the unstable leukotriene A (LTA)-related epoxide intermediates formed by recombinant human 15-LOX-1, along with identification of the stable enzymatic products, and extend the findings into the 12/15-LOX metabolism in resident murine peritoneal macrophages. Oxygenation of EPA by 15-LOX-1 converts the initial 15S-hydroperoxide to 14S,15S-trans-epoxy-5Z,8Z,10E,12E,17Z-EPA (appearing as its 8,15-diol hydrolysis products) and mixtures of dihydroperoxy fatty acids, while mainly the epoxide hydrolysis products are evident in the murine cells. DHA also undergoes transformations to epoxides and dihydroperoxides by 15-LOX-1, resulting in a mixture of 10,17-dihydro(pero)xy derivatives (docosatrienes) and minor 7S,17S- and 14,17S-dihydroperoxides. The 10,17S-dihydroxy hydrolysis products of the LTA-related epoxide intermediate dominate the product profile in mouse macrophages, whereas (neuro)protectin D1, the leukotriene B4-related derivative with trans,trans,cis conjugated triene, was undetectable. In this study, we emphasize the utility of UV spectral characteristics for product identification, being diagnostic of the different double bond configurations and hydroxy fatty acid functionality versus hydroperoxide. LC-MS is not definitive for configurational isomers. Secure identification is based on chromatographic retention times, comparison with authentic standards, and the highly distinctive UV spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William E Boeglin
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alan R Brash
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yamaguchi A, Stanger L, Freedman CJ, Standley M, Hoang T, Reheman A, Wan-Chen T, van Hoorebeke C, Holman TR, Holinstat M. DHA 12-LOX-derived oxylipins regulate platelet activation and thrombus formation through a PKA-dependent signaling pathway. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:839-851. [PMID: 33222370 PMCID: PMC7925359 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cardiovascular disease are controversial and a mechanistic understanding of how this omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) regulates platelet reactivity and the subsequent risk of a thrombotic event is warranted. In platelets, DHA is oxidized by 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) producing the oxidized lipids (oxylipins) 11-HDHA and 14-HDHA. We hypothesized that 12-LOX DHA-oxylipins may be involved in the beneficial effects observed in dietary supplemental treatment with ω-3 PUFAs or DHA itself. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of DHA, 11-HDHA, and 14-HDHA on platelet function and thrombus formation, and to elucidate the mechanism by which these ω-3 PUFAs regulate platelet activation. METHODS AND RESULTS DHA, 11-HDHA, and 14-HDHA attenuated collagen-induced human platelet aggregation, but only the oxylipins inhibited ⍺IIbβ3 activation and decreased ⍺-granule secretion. Furthermore, treatment of whole blood with DHA and its oxylipins impaired platelet adhesion and accumulation to a collagen-coated surface. Interestingly, thrombus formation was only diminished in mice treated with 11-HDHA or 14-HDHA, and mouse platelet activation was inhibited following acute treatment with these oxylipins or chronic treatment with DHA, suggesting that under physiologic conditions, the effects of DHA are mediated through its oxylipins. Finally, the protective mechanism of DHA oxylipins was shown to be mediated via activation of protein kinase A. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first mechanistic evidence of how DHA and its 12-LOX oxylipins inhibit platelet activity and thrombus formation. These findings support the beneficial effects of DHA as therapeutic intervention in atherothrombotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Livia Stanger
- Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME
| | - Cody J Freedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Melissa Standley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Timothy Hoang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Adili Reheman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tsai Wan-Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | | | - Theodore R. Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Identification of a novel enzyme from E. pacifica that acts as an eicosapentaenoic 8R-LOX and docosahexaenoic 10R-LOX. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20592. [PMID: 33244101 PMCID: PMC7693274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
North Pacific krill (Euphausia pacifica) contain 8R-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid (8R-HEPE), 8R-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (8R-HETE) and 10R-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (10R-HDHA). These findings indicate that E. pacifica must possess an R type lipoxygenase, although no such enzyme has been identified in krill. We analyzed E. pacifica cDNA sequence using next generation sequencing and identified two lipoxygenase genes (PK-LOX1 and 2). PK-LOX1 and PK-LOX2 encode proteins of 691 and 686 amino acids, respectively. Recombinant PK-LOX1 was generated in Sf9 cells using a baculovirus expression system. PK-LOX1 metabolizes eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to 8R-HEPE, arachidonic acid (ARA) to 8R-HETE and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to 10R-HDHA. Moreover, PK-LOX1 had higher activity for EPA than ARA and DHA. In addition, PK-LOX1 also metabolizes 17S-HDHA to 10R,17S-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (10R,17S-DiHDHA). PK-LOX1 is a novel lipoxygenase that acts as an 8R-lipoxygenase for EPA and 10R-lipoxygenase for DHA and 17S-HDHA. Our findings show PK-LOX1 facilitates the enzymatic production of hydroxy fatty acids, which are of value to the healthcare sector.
Collapse
|
16
|
Assessing the safety of transarterial locoregional delivery of low-density lipoprotein docosahexaenoic acid nanoparticles to the rat liver. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:273-283. [PMID: 33242579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic-arterial infusion (HAI) of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) nanoparticles reconstituted with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (LDL-DHA) has been shown in a rat hepatoma model to be a promising treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. To date, little is known regarding the safety of HAI of LDL-DHA to the liver. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the deposition, metabolism and safety of HAI of LDL-DHA (2, 4 or 8 mg/kg) in the rat. Following HAI, fluorescent labeled LDL nanoparticles displayed a biexponential plasma concentration time curve as the particles were rapidly extracted by the liver. Overall, increasing doses of HAI of LDL-DHA was well tolerated in the rat. Body weight, plasma biochemistry and histology were all unremarkable and molecular markers of inflammation did not increase with treatment. Lipidomics analyses showed that LDL-DHA was preferentially oxidized to the anti-inflammatory mediator, protectin DX. We conclude that HAI of LDL-DHA nanoparticles is not only safe, but provides potential hepatoprotective benefits.
Collapse
|
17
|
Guichardant M, Chen P, Liu M, Lo Van A, Jouvène C, Bernoud-Hubac N, Véricel E, Lagarde M. Double lipoxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids of nutritional interest. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 162:102185. [PMID: 33038835 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Double lipoxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids having at least three methylene-interrupted double bonds can be made by two lipoxygenases, e.g. 5- and 12-LOX, or 15-LOX only, followed by reduction of the hydroperoxide products through the glutathione peroxidase action. Several biological activities have been reported for such a double 15-LOX product of docosahexaenoic acid, called protectin DX to differentiate it from protectin D1, a stereo and geometric isomer described for its potent anti-inflammatory potential. The geometric characteristic of the double lipoxygenase products is the conjugated triene E,Z,E (trans,cis,trans), which appears crucial in their biological activities. A focus is also done on single lipoxygenation of mono-hydroxylated products first made by aspirin-treated cyclooxygenase-2. The resulting (R,S)-diOH, E,Z,E conjugated trienes, instead of the (S,S)-diOH isomer in case of double lipoxygenation, seem to be even more active for some biological effects, making biologically relevant the single lipoxygenation in aspirin-treated situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Guichardant
- Univ Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm & 1397 Inrae (CarMeN laboratory), IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - P Chen
- Univ Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm & 1397 Inrae (CarMeN laboratory), IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - M Liu
- Univ Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm & 1397 Inrae (CarMeN laboratory), IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - A Lo Van
- Univ Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm & 1397 Inrae (CarMeN laboratory), IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - C Jouvène
- Univ Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm & 1397 Inrae (CarMeN laboratory), IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - N Bernoud-Hubac
- Univ Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm & 1397 Inrae (CarMeN laboratory), IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - E Véricel
- Univ Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm & 1397 Inrae (CarMeN laboratory), IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - M Lagarde
- Univ Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm & 1397 Inrae (CarMeN laboratory), IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Perry SC, Horn T, Tourdot BE, Yamaguchi A, Kalyanaraman C, Conrad WS, Akinkugbe O, Holinstat M, Jacobson MP, Holman TR. Role of Human 15-Lipoxygenase-2 in the Biosynthesis of the Lipoxin Intermediate, 5S,15S-diHpETE, Implicated with the Altered Positional Specificity of Human 15-Lipoxygenase-1. Biochemistry 2020; 59:4118-4130. [PMID: 33048542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxylipins, 5S,12S-dihydroxy-6E,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5S,12S-diHETE) and 5S,15S-dihydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatetraenoic acid (5S,15S-diHETE), have been identified in cell exudates and have chemotactic activity toward eosinophils and neutrophils. Their biosynthesis has been proposed to occur by sequential oxidations of arachidonic acid (AA) by lipoxygenase enzymes, specifically through oxidation of AA by h5-LOX followed by h12-LOX, h15-LOX-1, or h15-LOX-2. In this work, h15-LOX-1 demonstrates altered positional specificity when reacting with 5S-HETE, producing 90% 5S,12S-diHETE, instead of 5S,15S-diHETE, with kinetics 5-fold greater than that of h12-LOX. This is consistent with previous work in which h15-LOX-1 reacts with 7S-HDHA, producing the noncanonical, DHA-derived, specialized pro-resolving mediator, 7S,14S-diHDHA. It is also determined that oxygenation of 5S-HETE by h15-LOX-2 produces 5S,15S-diHETE and its biosynthetic kcat/KM flux is 2-fold greater than that of h15-LOX-1, suggesting that h15-LOX-2 may have a greater role in lipoxin biosynthesis than previously thought. In addition, it is shown that oxygenation of 12S-HETE and 15S-HETE by h5-LOX is kinetically slow, suggesting that the first step in the in vitro biosynthesis of both 5S,12S-diHETE and 5S,15S-diHETE is the production of 5S-HETE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Perry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Thomas Horn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - William S Conrad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Oluwayomi Akinkugbe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lagarde M, Guichardant M, Bernoud-Hubac N. Anti-inflammatory and anti-virus potential of poxytrins, especially protectin DX. Biochimie 2020; 179:281-284. [PMID: 32956736 PMCID: PMC7499149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poxytrins (Pufa Oxygenated Trienes) are dihydroxy derivatives from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with adjacent hydroxyl groups to a conjugated triene having the specific E,Z,E geometry. They are made by the double action of one lipoxygenase or the combined actions of two lipoxygenases, followed by reduction of the resulting hydroperoxides with glutathione peroxidase. Because of their E,Z,E conjugated triene, poxytrins may inhibit inflammation associated with cyclooxygenase (COX) activities, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. In addition of inhibiting COX activities, at least one poxytrin, namely protectin DX (PDX) from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has also been reported as able to inhibit influenza virus replication by targeting its RNA metabolism. Poxytrins are double lipoxygenase end-products from natural polyunsaturated fatty acids having at least three double bond. Their characteristic is to own a cis,trans,cis / E,Z,E conjugated triene. Protectin DX / PDX is a poxytrin from double oxygenation of docosahexaenoic acid by 15/n-6-lipoxygenase. As other poxytrins, PDX inhibits cyclooxygenase-dependent inflammation. Also, PDX inhibits the RNA influenza virus replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Lagarde
- Univ-Lyon, UMR Inserm 1060, Inrae 1397 (CarMeN Laboratory), IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Michel Guichardant
- Univ-Lyon, UMR Inserm 1060, Inrae 1397 (CarMeN Laboratory), IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac
- Univ-Lyon, UMR Inserm 1060, Inrae 1397 (CarMeN Laboratory), IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Y, Li J, Subramaniyan I, do Vale GD, Chaudhary J, Anwar A, Wight-Carter M, McDonald JG, Putnam WC, Qin T, Zhang H, Corbin IR. An implanted port-catheter system for repeated hepatic arterial infusion of low-density lipoprotein-docosahexaenoic acid nanoparticles in normal rats: A safety study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 400:115037. [PMID: 32417438 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, small animal arterial port-catheter systems have been implemented in rodents with reasonable success. The aim of the current study is to employ the small animal port-catheter system to evaluate the safety of multiple hepatic-artery infusions (HAI) of low-density lipoprotein-docosahexaenoic acid (LDL-DHA) nanoparticles to the rat liver. METHODS Wistar rats underwent surgical placement of indwelling HAI ports. Repeated administrations of PBS or LDL-DHA nanoparticles were performed through the port at baseline and days 3 and 6. Rats were sacrificed on day 9 at which point blood and various organs were collected for histopathology and biochemical analyses. RESULTS The port-catheter systems were implanted successfully and repeated infusions of PBS or LDL-DHA nanoparticles were tolerated well by all animals over the duration of the study. Measurements of serum liver/renal function tests, glucose and lipid levels did not differ between control and LDL-DHA treated rats. The liver histology was unremarkable in the LDL-DHA treated rats and the expression of hepatic inflammatory regulators (NF-κβ, IL-6 and CRP) were similar to control rats. Repeated infusions of LDL-DHA nanoparticles did not alter liver glutathione content or the lipid profile in the treated rats. The DHA extracted by the liver was preferentially metabolized to the anti-inflammatory DHA-derived mediator, protectin DX. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that repeated HAI of LDL-DHA nanoparticles is not only well tolerated and safe in the rat, but may also be protective to the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China; Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Junjie Li
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Indhumathy Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice within the Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | | | - Jaideep Chaudhary
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Arnida Anwar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | | | - William C Putnam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice within the Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Ian R Corbin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Internal Medicine Division of Liver and Digestive Diseases, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; RadiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Perry SC, Kalyanaraman C, Tourdot BE, Conrad WS, Akinkugbe O, Freedman JC, Holinstat M, Jacobson MP, Holman TR. 15-Lipoxygenase-1 biosynthesis of 7S,14S-diHDHA implicates 15-lipoxygenase-2 in biosynthesis of resolvin D5. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1087-1103. [PMID: 32404334 PMCID: PMC7328043 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The two oxylipins 7S,14S-dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (diHDHA) and 7S,17S-diHDHA [resolvin D5 (RvD5)] have been found in macrophages and infectious inflammatory exudates and are believed to function as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). Their biosynthesis is thought to proceed through sequential oxidations of DHA by lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes, specifically, by human 5-LOX (h5-LOX) first to 7(S)-hydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-DHA (7S-HDHA), followed by human platelet 12-LOX (h12-LOX) to form 7(S),14(S)-dihydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-DHA (7S,14S-diHDHA) or human reticulocyte 15-LOX-1 (h15-LOX-1) to form RvD5. In this work, we determined that oxidation of 7(S)-hydroperoxy-4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-DHA to 7S,14S-diHDHA is performed with similar kinetics by either h12-LOX or h15-LOX-1. The oxidation at C14 of DHA by h12-LOX was expected, but the noncanonical reaction of h15-LOX-1 to make over 80% 7S,14S-diHDHA was larger than expected. Results of computer modeling suggested that the alcohol on C7 of 7S-HDHA hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl of Ile399, forcing the hydrogen abstraction from C12 to oxygenate on C14 but not C17. This result raised questions regarding the synthesis of RvD5. Strikingly, we found that h15-LOX-2 oxygenates 7S-HDHA almost exclusively at C17, forming RvD5 with faster kinetics than does h15-LOX-1. The presence of h15-LOX-2 in neutrophils and macrophages suggests that it may have a greater role in biosynthesizing SPMs than previously thought. We also determined that the reactions of h5-LOX with 14(S)-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-DHA and 17(S)-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-DHA are kinetically slow compared with DHA, suggesting that these reactions may be minor biosynthetic routes in vivo. Additionally, we show that 7S,14S-diHDHA and RvD5 have anti-aggregation properties with platelets at low micromolar potencies, which could directly regulate clot resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Perry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - William S Conrad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Oluwayomi Akinkugbe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - John Cody Freedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064. mailto:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Freedman C, Tran A, Tourdot BE, Kalyanaraman C, Perry S, Holinstat M, Jacobson MP, Holman TR. Biosynthesis of the Maresin Intermediate, 13S,14S-Epoxy-DHA, by Human 15-Lipoxygenase and 12-Lipoxygenase and Its Regulation through Negative Allosteric Modulators. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1832-1844. [PMID: 32324389 PMCID: PMC7729281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase-1 (h15-LOX-1 or ALOX15) and platelet 12-lipoxygenase (h12-LOX or ALOX12) catalysis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the maresin precursor, 14S-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (14S-HpDHA), were investigated to determine their product profiles and relative rates in the biosynthesis of the key maresin intermediate, 13S,14S-epoxy-4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (13S,14S-epoxy-DHA). Both enzymes converted DHA to 14S-HpDHA, with h12-LOX having a 39-fold greater kcat/KM value (14.0 ± 0.8 s-1 μM-1) than that of h15-LOX-1 (0.36 ± 0.08 s-1 μM-1) and a 1.8-fold greater 14S-HpDHA product selectivity, 81 and 46%, respectively. However, h12-LOX was markedly less effective at producing 13S,14S-epoxy-DHA from 14S-HpDHA than h15-LOX-1, with a 4.6-fold smaller kcat/KM value, 0.0024 ± 0.0002 and 0.11 ± 0.006 s-1 μM-1, respectively. This is the first evidence of h15-LOX-1 to catalyze this reaction and reveals a novel in vitro pathway for maresin biosynthesis. In addition, epoxidation of 14S-HpDHA is negatively regulated through allosteric oxylipin binding to h15-LOX-1 and h12-LOX. For h15-LOX-1, 14S-HpDHA (Kd = 6.0 μM), 12S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) (Kd = 3.5 μM), and 14S-hydroxy-7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoic acid (14S-HDPAω-3) (Kd = 4.0 μM) were shown to decrease 13S,14S-epoxy-DHA production. h12-LOX was also shown to be allosterically regulated by 14S-HpDHA (Kd = 3.5 μM) and 14S-HDPAω-3 (Kd = 4.0 μM); however, 12S-HETE showed no effect, indicating for the first time an allosteric response by h12-LOX. Finally, 14S-HpDHA inhibited platelet aggregation at a submicrololar concentration, which may have implications in the benefits of diets rich in DHA. These in vitro biosynthetic pathways may help guide in vivo maresin biosynthetic investigations and possibly direct therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody Freedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Adrianne Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Steve Perry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee YY, Galano J, Leung HH, Balas L, Oger C, Durand T, Lee JC. Nonenzymatic oxygenated metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid, 4(RS)‐4‐F4t‐neuroprostane, acts as a bioactive lipid molecule in neuronal cells. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1797-1808. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Yiu Lee
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Jean‐Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM Université de Montpellier CNRS ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie Montpellier France
| | - Ho Hang Leung
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM Université de Montpellier CNRS ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie Montpellier France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM Université de Montpellier CNRS ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie Montpellier France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM Université de Montpellier CNRS ENSCM Faculté de Pharmacie Montpellier France
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Protectin DX attenuates IL-1β-induced inflammation via the AMPK/NF-κB pathway in chondrocytes and ameliorates osteoarthritis progression in a rat model. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 78:106043. [PMID: 31837574 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protectin DX (PDX) has been reported to have extensive anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is unknown whether PDX acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in the context of osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of PDX in vitro and in vivo in a model of OA. Primary rat chondrocytes were preincubated with PDX 1 h prior to IL-1β treatment for 24 h. We found that PDX was nontoxic, and pretreatment with PDX increased cell viability in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Preincubation with PDX also efficiently inhibited the degradation of type II collagen dose-dependently. Additionally, the expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS4, iNOS, COX-2, NO, and PGE2 decreased after IL-1β stimulation when cells were preincubated with PDX. Moreover, PDX inhibited the increase in phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and IκBα upon IL-1β stimulation, and the negative effects of IL-1β on chondrocytes were partially blocked by treatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a selective NF-κB inhibitor. In addition, we found that PDX increased AMPK phosphorylation in IL-1β-mediated chondrocytes. The phosphorylation of AMPK could be inhibited by compound C, a classic AMPK inhibitor. Compound C also remarkably reversed the decrease in p65 phosphorylation and MMP-13 expression caused by PDX. Furthermore, nuclear translocation of NF-κB was visible by immunofluorescence after PDX-induced AMPK activation. Additionally, we verified that PDX ameliorated cartilage degradation in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA rats through histological evaluation and ELISA of TNF-α in the serum and intra-articular lavage fluid. In conclusion, we have shown that PDX suppresses inflammation in chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo, likely through the AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results suggest that PDX could be a useful novel therapeutic agent for OA treatment.
Collapse
|
25
|
Rodriguez AR, Spur BW. First total syntheses of the pro-resolving lipid mediators 7( S),13( R),20( S)-Resolvin T1 and 7( S),13( R)-Resolvin T4. Tetrahedron Lett 2019; 61. [PMID: 32313313 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The first total syntheses of the pro-resolving lipid mediators 7(S),13(R),20(S)-Resolvin T1 [7(S),13(R),20(S)-RvT1] and 7(S),13(R)-Resolvin T4 [7(S),13(R)-RvT4], derived from n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA), are described. 7(S),13(R),20(S)-RvT1 was prepared from 7(S),13(R)-RvT4 via an enzymatic lipoxidase reaction. 7(S),13(R)-RvT4 was obtained by total synthesis where the chiral centers at C7 and C13 where introduced by a Noyori transfer hydrogenation and a chiral pool strategy respectively. Wittig reactions, Sonogashira coupling and Boland Zn(Cu/Ag) reduction were the key steps in the synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University-SOM, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Bernd W Spur
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University-SOM, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dasilva G, Medina I. Lipidomic methodologies for biomarkers of chronic inflammation in nutritional research: ω-3 and ω-6 lipid mediators. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:90-109. [PMID: 30902758 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary history of hominins has been characterized by significant dietary changes, which include the introduction of meat eating, cooking, and the changes associated with plant and animal domestication. The Western pattern diet has been linked with the onset of chronic inflammation, and serious health problems including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. Diets enriched with ω-3 marine PUFAs have revealed additional improvements in health status associated to a reduction of proinflammatory ω-3 and ω-6 lipid mediators. Lipid mediators are produced from enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation of PUFAs. Interest in better understanding the occurrence of these metabolites has increased exponentially as a result of the growing evidence of their role on inflammatory processes, control of the immune system, cell signaling, onset of metabolic diseases, or even cancer. The scope of this review has been to highlight the recent findings on: a) the formation of lipid mediators and their role in different inflammatory and metabolic conditions, b) the direct use of lipid mediators as antiinflammatory drugs or the potential of new drugs as a new therapeutic option for the synthesis of antiinflammatory or resolving lipid mediators and c) the impact of nutritional interventions to modulate lipid mediators synthesis towards antiinflammatory conditions. In a second part, we have summarized methodological approaches (Lipidomics) for the accurate analysis of lipid mediators. Although several techniques have been used, most authors preferred the combination of SPE with LC-MS. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are herein addressed, as well as the main LC-MS difficulties and challenges for the establishment of new biomarkers and standardization of experimental designs, and finally to deepen the study of mechanisms involved on the inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dasilva
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), c/Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Isabel Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), c/Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lipid mediators in platelet concentrate and extracellular vesicles: Molecular mechanisms from membrane glycerophospholipids to bioactive molecules. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1168-1182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
28
|
Guichardant M, Véricel E, Lagarde M. Biological relevance of double lipoxygenase products of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially within blood vessels and brain. Biochimie 2019; 159:55-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
29
|
Sancéau JY, Maltais R, Poirier D, Marette A. Total Synthesis of the Antidiabetic (Type 2) Lipid Mediator Protectin DX/PDX. J Org Chem 2018; 84:495-505. [PMID: 30586310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of a lipid mediator derived from natural ω-3-fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 10 S,17 S-diHDHA (also referred to as protectin DX/PDX), was achieved in a convergent route (29 steps). The two chiral hydroxyl groups at C-10 and C-17 were derived from readily available ( S)-1,2,4-butanetriol and ( R)-glycidol, respectively. The two stereodefined E-double bonds were generated by a Takai olefination, and the skipped diene side chain was introduced with a stereocontrolled Wittig olefination. Importantly, the sensitive conjugated E, Z, E-triene intermediate was generated by a Boland reduction of the central triple bond of a E, E-dienyne. Overall, this synthetic strategy should allow the preparation of a larger quantity of PDX, which is inaccessible via previously reported biosynthetic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Sancéau
- Organic Synthesis Service, Medicinal Chemistry Platform , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Research Center , Québec , QC , G1V 4G2 , Canada
| | - René Maltais
- Organic Synthesis Service, Medicinal Chemistry Platform , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Research Center , Québec , QC , G1V 4G2 , Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Organic Synthesis Service, Medicinal Chemistry Platform , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Research Center , Québec , QC , G1V 4G2 , Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Université Laval , Québec , QC , G1V 0A6 , Canada
| | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine , Québec Heart and Lung Institute , Laval Hospital, Québec , QC G1V 4G5 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jonasdottir HS, Brouwers H, Toes REM, Ioan-Facsinay A, Giera M. Effects of anticoagulants and storage conditions on clinical oxylipid levels in human plasma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1511-1522. [PMID: 30308322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics and lipidomics are of fundamental importance to personalized healthcare. Particularly the analysis of bioactive lipids is of relevance to a better understanding of various diseases. Within clinical routines, blood derived samples are widely used for diagnostic and research purposes. Hence, standardized and validated procedures for blood collection and storage are mandatory, in order to guarantee sample integrity and relevant study outcomes. We here investigated different plasma storage conditions and their effect on plasma fatty acid and oxylipid levels. Our data clearly indicate the importance of storage conditions for plasma lipidomic analysis. Storage at very low temperature (-80 °C) and the addition of methanol directly after sampling are the most important measures to avoid ex vivo synthesis of oxylipids. Furthermore, we identified critical analytes being affected under certain storage conditions. Finally, we carried out chiral analysis and found possible residual enzymatic activity to be one of the contributors to the ex vivo formation of oxylipids even at -20 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hulda S Jonasdottir
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Brouwers
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andreea Ioan-Facsinay
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jung TW, Chung YH, Kim HC, Abd El-Aty AM, Jeong JH. Protectin DX attenuates LPS-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in adipocytes via AMPK-mediated suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E543-E551. [PMID: 29584445 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00408.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that protectins, ω-3 fatty acid-derived proresolution mediators, may ameliorate inflammation. Recently, protectin DX (PDX) was also reported to attenuate inflammation and insulin resistance in several cell types. However, the effects of PDX on inflammation in adipocytes remain ambiguous. In this study, we found that PDX treatment suppressed adipogenesis and lipid accumulation during 3T3-L1 differentiation. Treatment of differentiated 3T3-L1 cells with PDX stimulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. PDX-induced AMPK phosphorylation blocked lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with PDX alleviated LPS-induced NF-κB and inhibitory factor κB phosphorylation. Furthermore, PDX treatment diminished LPS-induced impairment of insulin signaling and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, as well as fatty acid oxidation. These effects were decreased by silencing AMPK expression with small-interfering RNA. In conclusion, the current findings suggest that PDX attenuates inflammation and insulin resistance in adipocytes via an AMPK-dependent pathway, which in turn provides evidence that PDX has anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects in adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Jung
- Research Administration Team, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Chung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Warner DR, Liu H, Ghosh Dastidar S, Warner JB, Prodhan MAI, Yin X, Zhang X, Feldstein AE, Gao B, Prough RA, McClain CJ, Kirpich IA. Ethanol and unsaturated dietary fat induce unique patterns of hepatic ω-6 and ω-3 PUFA oxylipins in a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204119. [PMID: 30256818 PMCID: PMC6157879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a significant health problem, progresses through the course of several pathologies including steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. There are no effective FDA-approved medications to prevent or treat any stages of ALD, and the mechanisms involved in ALD pathogenesis are not well understood. Bioactive lipid metabolites play a crucial role in numerous pathological conditions, as well as in the induction and resolution of inflammation. Herein, a hepatic lipidomic analysis was performed on a mouse model of ALD with the objective of identifying novel metabolic pathways and lipid mediators associated with alcoholic steatohepatitis, which might be potential novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the disease. We found that ethanol and dietary unsaturated, but not saturated, fat caused elevated plasma ALT levels, hepatic steatosis and inflammation. These pathologies were associated with increased levels of bioactive lipid metabolites generally involved in pro-inflammatory responses, including 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid, 9,10- and 12,13-dihydroxy-octadecenoic acids, 5-, 8-, 9-, 11-, 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids, and 8,9- and 11,12-dihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acids, in parallel with an increase in pro-resolving mediators, such as lipoxin A4, 18-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid, and 10S,17S-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid. Elucidation of alterations in these lipid metabolites may shed new light into the molecular mechanisms underlying ALD development/progression, and be potential novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R. Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Huilin Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shubha Ghosh Dastidar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey B. Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Md Aminul Islam Prodhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Xinmin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Ariel E. Feldstein
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Russell A. Prough
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Irina A. Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Hepatobiology & Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang Q, Yan SF, Hao Y, Jin SW. Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators Regulate Alveolar Fluid Clearance during Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:982-989. [PMID: 29664060 PMCID: PMC5912066 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.229890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute and lethal clinical syndrome that is characterized by the injury of alveolar epithelium, which impairs active fluid transport in the lung, and impedes the reabsorption of edema fluid from the alveolar space. This review aimed to discuss the role of pro-resolving mediators on the regulation of alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in ARDS. Data Sources Articles published up to September 2017 were selected from the PubMed, with the keywords of "alveolar fluid clearance" or "lung edema" or "acute lung injury" or "acute respiratory distress syndrome", and "specialized pro-resolving mediators" or "lipoxin" or "resolvin" or "protectin" or "maresin" or "alveolar epithelial cells" or "aspirin-triggered lipid mediators" or "carbon monoxide and heme oxygenase" or "annexin A1". Study Selection We included all relevant articles published up to September 2017, with no limitation of study design. Results Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), as the proinflammatory mediators, not only upregulated epithelial sodium channel, Na,K-ATPase, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and aquaporins levels, but also improved Na,K-ATPase activity to promote AFC in ARDS. In addition to the direct effects on ion channels and pumps of the alveolar epithelium, the SPMs also inhibited the inflammatory cytokine expression and improved the alveolar epithelial cell repair to enhance the AFC in ARDS. Conclusions The present review discusses a novel mechanism for pulmonary edema fluid reabsorption. SPMs might provide new opportunities to design "reabsorption-targeted" therapies with high degrees of precision in controlling ALI/ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Song-Fan Yan
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Sheng-Wei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jung TW, Kyung EJ, Kim HC, Shin YK, Lee SH, Park ES, Hacımüftüoğlu A, Abd El-Aty AM, Jeong JH. Protectin DX Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis by Suppression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via AMPK-Induced ORP150 Expression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:485-493. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.246686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
|
35
|
Lo Van A, Sakayori N, Hachem M, Belkouch M, Picq M, Fourmaux B, Lagarde M, Osumi N, Bernoud-Hubac N. Targeting the Brain with a Neuroprotective Omega-3 Fatty Acid to Enhance Neurogenesis in Hypoxic Condition in Culture. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:986-999. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
36
|
Zhuo XJ, Hao Y, Cao F, Yan SF, Li H, Wang Q, Cheng BH, Ying BY, Smith FG, Jin SW. Protectin DX increases alveolar fluid clearance in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-13. [PMID: 29700291 PMCID: PMC5938057 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening critical syndrome resulting largely from the accumulation of and the inability to clear pulmonary edema. Protectin DX, an endogenously produced lipid mediator, is believed to exert anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects. Protectin DX (5 µg/kg) was injected i.v. 8 h after LPS (14 mg/kg) administration, and alveolar fluid clearance was measured in live rats (n = 8). In primary rat ATII epithelial cells, protectin DX (3.605 × 10−3 mg/l) was added to the culture medium with LPS for 6 h. Protectin DX improved alveolar fluid clearance (9.65 ± 1.60 vs. 15.85 ± 1.49, p < 0.0001) and decreased pulmonary edema and lung injury in LPS-induced lung injury in rats. Protectin DX markedly regulated alveolar fluid clearance by upregulating sodium channel and Na, K-ATPase protein expression levels in vivo and in vitro. Protectin DX also increased the activity of Na, K-ATPase and upregulated P-Akt via inhibiting Nedd4–2 in vivo. In addition, protectin DX enhanced the subcellular distribution of sodium channels and Na, K-ATPase, which were specifically localized to the apical and basal membranes of primary rat ATII cells. Furthermore, BOC-2, Rp-cAMP, and LY294002 blocked the increased alveolar fluid clearance in response to protectin DX. Protectin DX stimulates alveolar fluid clearance through a mechanism partly dependent on alveolar epithelial sodium channel and Na, K-ATPase activation via the ALX/PI3K/Nedd4–2 signaling pathway. Treatment that involves boosting levels of a signaling molecule could help reduce fluid on the lungs in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This condition usually affects critically ill patients with illnesses such as pneumonia or sepsis, and leads to severe inflammation and flooding of the lungs with fluid. This prevents microscopic air sacs called aveoli from processing oxygen and carbon dioxide effectively. At present there is no effective management for the condition. Now, Sheng-Wei Jin at Wenzhou Medical University, China, and co-workers have shown that boosting levels of a signaling molecule called protectin DX can help with aveolar fluid clearance in rats. They found that protectin DX activates sodium channels within the aveoli, helping clear fluid, and also acts as an anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediator to protect lung tissues from further injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Zhuo
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song-Fan Yan
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bi-Huan Cheng
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin-Yu Ying
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Gao Smith
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Inflammation and Aging, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Academic Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, Pain and Resuscitation, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B9 5SS, UK
| | - Sheng-Wei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jouvène C, Fourmaux B, Géloën A, Balas L, Durand T, Lagarde M, Létisse M, Guichardant M. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Free and Esterified Oxygenated Derivatives from Docosahexaenoic Acid in Rat Brain. Lipids 2018; 53:103-116. [PMID: 29469960 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a prominent long-chain fatty acid of the omega-3 family, is present at high amount in brain tissues, especially in membrane phospholipids. This polyunsaturated fatty acid is the precursor of various oxygenated lipid mediators involved in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes. Characterization of DHA-oxygenated metabolites is therefore crucial for better understanding the biological roles of DHA. In this study, we identified and measured, by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, a number of oxygenated products derived from DHA in exsanguinated and nonexsanguinated brains. These metabolites were found both in free form and esterified in phospholipids. Interestingly, both (R)- and (S)-monohydroxylated fatty acid stereoisomers were observed free and esterified in phospholipids. Monohydroxylated metabolites were the main derivatives; however, measurable amounts of dihydroxylated products such as protectin DX were detected. Moreover, exsanguination allowed discriminating brain oxygenated metabolites from those generated in blood. These results obtained in healthy rats allowed an overview on the brain oxygenated metabolism of DHA, which deserves further research in pathophysiological conditions, especially in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Jouvène
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, (Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, 20 Av A. Einstein, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Baptiste Fourmaux
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, (Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, 20 Av A. Einstein, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alain Géloën
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, (Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, 20 Av A. Einstein, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurence Balas
- Univ-Montpellier, IBMM, ENSCM, UMR CNRS 5247, Fac Pharm, 15 Av Ch Flahault, F-34093, Montpellier, 05, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Univ-Montpellier, IBMM, ENSCM, UMR CNRS 5247, Fac Pharm, 15 Av Ch Flahault, F-34093, Montpellier, 05, France
| | - Michel Lagarde
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, (Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, 20 Av A. Einstein, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marion Létisse
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, (Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, 20 Av A. Einstein, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Guichardant
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, (Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, 20 Av A. Einstein, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Brain docosahexaenoic acid uptake and metabolism. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:109-134. [PMID: 29305120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the most abundant n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain where it serves to regulate several important processes and, in addition, serves as a precursor to bioactive mediators. Given that the capacity of the brain to synthesize DHA locally is appreciably low, the uptake of DHA from circulating lipid pools is essential to maintaining homeostatic levels. Although, several plasma pools have been proposed to supply the brain with DHA, recent evidence suggests non-esterified-DHA and lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA are the primary sources. The uptake of DHA into the brain appears to be regulated by a number of complementary pathways associated with the activation and metabolism of DHA, and may provide mechanisms for enrichment of DHA within the brain. Following entry into the brain, DHA is esterified into and recycled amongst membrane phospholipids contributing the distribution of DHA in brain phospholipids. During neurotransmission and following brain injury, DHA is released from membrane phospholipids and converted to bioactive mediators which regulate signaling pathways important to synaptogenesis, cell survival, and neuroinflammation, and may be relevant to treating neurological diseases. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive overview of brain DHA metabolism, encompassing many of the pathways and key enzymatic regulators governing brain DHA uptake and metabolism. In addition, we focus on the release of non-esterified DHA and subsequent production of bioactive mediators and the evidence of their proposed activity within the brain. We also provide a brief review of the evidence from post-mortem brain analyses investigating DHA levels in the context of neurological disease and mood disorder, highlighting the current disparities within the field.
Collapse
|
39
|
Lo Van A, Fourmaux B, Picq M, Guichardant M, Lagarde M, Bernoud-Hubac N. Synthesis and Identification of AceDoxyPC, a Protectin-Containing Structured Phospholipid, Using Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Lipids 2017; 52:751-761. [PMID: 28776175 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids have many health benefits in a great variety of diseases ranging from cardiovascular to cerebral diseases. For instance, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is highly enriched in brain phospholipids, plays a major role in anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective pathways. Its effects are thought to be due, in part, to its conversion into derived mediators such as protectins. 1-Lyso,2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerophosphocholine (LysoPtdCho-DHA) is one of the physiological carrier of DHA to the brain. We previously synthesized a structured phosphatidylcholine to mimic 1-lyso,2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerophosphocholine, named AceDoPC® (1-acetyl,2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerophosphocholine), that is considered as a stabilized form of the physiological LysoPtdCho-DHA and that is neuroprotective in experimental ischemic stroke. Considering these, the current study aimed at enzymatically oxygenate DHA contained within AceDoPC® to synthesize a readily structured oxidized phospholipid containing protectin DX (PDX), thereafter named AceDoxyPC (1-acetyl,2-PDX-glycerophosphocholine). Identification of this product was performed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Such molecule could be used as a bioactive mediator for therapy against neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Lo Van
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA, Bâtiment IMBL, 11 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, ART, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Baptiste Fourmaux
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA, Bâtiment IMBL, 11 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Madeleine Picq
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA, Bâtiment IMBL, 11 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Michel Guichardant
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA, Bâtiment IMBL, 11 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Michel Lagarde
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA, Bâtiment IMBL, 11 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, INSA, Bâtiment IMBL, 11 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wu B, Mottola G, Schaller M, Upchurch GR, Conte MS. Resolution of vascular injury: Specialized lipid mediators and their evolving therapeutic implications. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:72-82. [PMID: 28765077 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute vascular injury occurs in a number of important clinical contexts, including spontaneous disease-related events (e.g. plaque rupture, thrombosis) and therapeutic interventions such as angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery. Endothelial cell (EC) disruption exposes the underlying matrix, leading to a rapid deposition of platelets, coagulation proteins, and leukocytes. A thrombo-inflammatory response ensues characterized by leukocyte recruitment, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation, and the elaboration of cytokines, reactive oxygen species and growth factors within the vessel wall. A resolution phase of vascular injury may be described in which leukocyte efflux, clearance of debris, and re-endothelialization occurs. VSMC migration and proliferation leads to the development of a thickened neointima that may lead to lumen compromise. Subsequent remodeling involves matrix protein deposition, and return of EC and VSMC to quiescence. Recent studies suggest that specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM) modulate key aspects of this response, and may constitute an endogenous homeostatic pathway in the vasculature. SPM exert direct effects on vascular cells that counteract inflammatory signals, reduce leukocyte adhesion, and inhibit VSMC migration and proliferation. These effects appear to be largely G-protein coupled receptor-dependent. Across a range of animal models of vascular injury, including balloon angioplasty, bypass grafting, and experimental aneurysm formation, SPM accelerate repair and reduce lesion formation. With bioactivity in the pM-nM range, a lack of discernible cytotoxicity, and a spectrum of vasculo-protective properties, SPM represent a novel class of vascular therapeutics. This review summarizes current research in this field, including a consideration of critical next steps and challenges in translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bian Wu
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Giorgio Mottola
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Melinda Schaller
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Gilbert R Upchurch
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Michael S Conte
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Protectin DX suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis through AMPK-HO-1-mediated inhibition of ER stress. Cell Signal 2017; 34:133-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
42
|
Protectin DX ameliorates palmitate- or high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and inflammation through an AMPK-PPARα-dependent pathway in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1397. [PMID: 28469249 PMCID: PMC5431091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protectin DX (PDX), a double lipoxygenase derivative of docosahexaenoic acid, has been reported to attenuate inflammation and insulin resistance. In the current study, we explored the effects of PDX on hyperlipidemia-induced insulin resistance and inflammation through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). PDX attenuated the impairment of insulin receptor substrate 1/Akt-mediated insulin signaling in palmitate-treated differentiated C2C12 cells and soleus skeletal muscle of HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, PDX treatment significantly ameliorated HFD-induced weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in mice. Nuclear factor kB nuclear translocation, inhibitory kBα phosphorylation, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines were markedly attenuated by PDX in both in vitro and in vivo models. PDX treatment markedly augmented AMPK phosphorylation and PPARα expression in C2C12 cells and in skeletal muscle of mice. AMPK- and PPARα-specific siRNAs significantly abrogated the suppressive effects of PDX on palmitate-induced insulin resistance and inflammation. Furthermore, PDX markedly stimulated the expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation. These effects of PDX were significantly suppressed by AMPK and PPARα siRNAs. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that PDX ameliorates insulin resistance and inflammation and stimulates fatty acid oxidation through AMPK- and PPARα-mediated pathways in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
|
43
|
Kuda O. Bioactive metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid. Biochimie 2017; 136:12-20. [PMID: 28087294 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid that is recognized as a beneficial dietary constituent and as a source of the anti-inflammatory specialized proresolving mediators (SPM): resolvins, protectins and maresins. Apart from SPMs, other metabolites of DHA also exert potent biological effects. This article summarizes current knowledge on the metabolic pathways involved in generation of DHA metabolites. Over 70 biologically active metabolites have been described, but are often discussed separately within specific research areas. This review follows DHA metabolism and attempts to integrate the diverse DHA metabolites emphasizing those with identified biological effects. DHA metabolites could be divided into DHA-derived SPMs, DHA epoxides, electrophilic oxo-derivatives (EFOX) of DHA, neuroprostanes, ethanolamines, acylglycerols, docosahexaenoyl amides of amino acids or neurotransmitters, and branched DHA esters of hydroxy fatty acids. These bioactive metabolites have pleiotropic effects that include augmenting energy expenditure, stimulating lipid catabolism, modulating the immune response, helping to resolve inflammation, and promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration. As a result they have been shown to exert many beneficial actions: neuroprotection, anti-hypertension, anti-hyperalgesia, anti-arrhythmia, anti-tumorigenesis etc. Given the chemical structure of DHA, the number and geometry of double bonds, and the panel of enzymes metabolizing DHA, it is also likely that novel bioactive derivatives will be identified in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Lo Van A, Sakayori N, Hachem M, Belkouch M, Picq M, Lagarde M, Osumi N, Bernoud-Hubac N. Mechanisms of DHA transport to the brain and potential therapy to neurodegenerative diseases. Biochimie 2016; 130:163-167. [PMID: 27496085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 ω-3) is highly enriched in the brain and is required for proper brain development and function. Its deficiency has been shown to be linked with the emergence of neurological diseases. Dietary ω-3 fatty acid supplements including DHA have been suggested to improve neuronal development and enhance cognitive functions. However, mechanisms of DHA incorporation in the brain remain to be fully understood. Findings suggested that DHA is better incorporated when esterified within lysophospholipid rather than under its non-esterified form. Furthermore, DHA has the potential to be converted into diverse oxylipins with potential neuroprotective effects. Since DHA is poorly synthesized de novo, targeting the brain with specific carriers of DHA might provide novel therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Lo Van
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, IMBL, Villeurbanne F-69621, France; Tohoku University Grad. Sch. of Med., Center for Neuroscience, ART, Dept. of Developmental Neuroscience, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sakayori
- Tohoku University Grad. Sch. of Med., Center for Neuroscience, ART, Dept. of Developmental Neuroscience, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mayssa Hachem
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, IMBL, Villeurbanne F-69621, France
| | - Mounir Belkouch
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, IMBL, Villeurbanne F-69621, France
| | - Madeleine Picq
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, IMBL, Villeurbanne F-69621, France
| | - Michel Lagarde
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, IMBL, Villeurbanne F-69621, France
| | - Noriko Osumi
- Tohoku University Grad. Sch. of Med., Center for Neuroscience, ART, Dept. of Developmental Neuroscience, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, CarMeN Laboratory, IMBL, Villeurbanne F-69621, France.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hansen TV, Dalli J, Serhan CN. Selective identification of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators from their biosynthetic double di-oxygenation isomers. RSC Adv 2016; 6:28820-28829. [PMID: 27525060 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00414h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are substrates for lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases. During inflammatory processes, these enzymes form several distinct families of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids coined specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. Structural elucidation of these natural products using LC-MS/MS based metabololipidomics with the pico- to nanogram amounts of biosynthetic material available have been performed. The specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators display stereospecific and potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions. Most often the different families among these mediators are chemically characterized by two or three chiral, secondary alcohols, separated by either anE,E,Z-triene or an E,Z,E,E-tetraenemoiety. The lipoxygenases also form other oxygenated polyunsaturated natural products, coined double di-oxygenation products, that are constitutional isomers of the protectin and maresin families of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. Very often these products exhibit similar chromatographic properties and mass spectrometrical fragment ions as the pro-resolving mediators. In addition, the double di-oxygenation products are sometimes formed in larger amounts than the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. Thus, it is not always possible to distinguish between the specialized pro-resolving mediators and their double di-oxygenation isomers in biological systems, using LC/MS-based techniques. Herein, a convenient and easy-to-use protocol to meet this challenge is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trond V Hansen
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115; On leave from the School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Balas L, Durand T. Dihydroxylated E,E,Z-docosatrienes. An overview of their synthesis and biological significance. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 61:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
48
|
Lagarde M, Calzada C, Jouvène C, Bernoud-Hubac N, Létisse M, Guichardant M, Véricel E. Functional fluxolipidomics of polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxygenated metabolites in the blood vessel compartment. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 60:41-9. [PMID: 26484703 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of bioactive oxygenated metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their degradation or transformation products are made through multiple enzyme processes. The kinetics of the enzymes responsible for the different steps are known to be quite diverse, although not precisely determined. The location of the metabolites biosynthesis is diverse as well. Also, the biological effects of the primary and secondary products, and their biological life span are often completely different. Consequently, phenotypes of cells in response to these bioactive lipid mediators must then depend on their concentrations at a given time. This demands a fluxolipidomics approach that can be defined as a mediator lipidomics, with all measurements done as a function of time and biological compartments. This review points out what is known, even qualitatively, in the blood vascular compartment for arachidonic acid metabolites and number of other metabolites from polyunsaturated fatty acids of nutritional value. The functional consequences are especially taken into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lagarde
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - C Calzada
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Jouvène
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - N Bernoud-Hubac
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Létisse
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Guichardant
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - E Véricel
- Université de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gabbs M, Leng S, Devassy JG, Monirujjaman M, Aukema HM. Advances in Our Understanding of Oxylipins Derived from Dietary PUFAs. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:513-40. [PMID: 26374175 PMCID: PMC4561827 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.007732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the main mediators of PUFA effects in the body. They are formed via cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 pathways, resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, mono-, di-, and tri-hydroxy fatty acids (FAs), epoxy FAs, lipoxins, eoxins, hepoxilins, resolvins, protectins (also called neuroprotectins in the brain), and maresins. In addition to the well-known eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid, recent developments in lipidomic methodologies have raised awareness of and interest in the large number of oxylipins formed from other PUFAs, including those from the essential FAs and the longer-chain n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs. Oxylipins have essential roles in normal physiology and function, but can also have detrimental effects. Compared with the oxylipins derived from n-3 PUFAs, oxylipins from n-6 PUFAs generally have greater activity and more inflammatory, vasoconstrictory, and proliferative effects, although there are notable exceptions. Because PUFA composition does not necessarily reflect oxylipin composition, comprehensive analysis of the oxylipin profile is necessary to understand the overall physiologic effects of PUFAs mediated through their oxylipins. These analyses should include oxylipins derived from linoleic and α-linolenic acids, because these largely unexplored bioactive oxylipins constitute more than one-half of oxylipins present in tissues. Because collated information on oxylipins formed from different PUFAs is currently unavailable, this review provides a detailed compilation of the main oxylipins formed from PUFAs and describes their functions. Much remains to be elucidated in this emerging field, including the discovery of more oxylipins, and the understanding of the differing biological potencies, kinetics, and isomer-specific activities of these novel PUFA metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Harold M Aukema
- Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Stein K, Stoffels M, Lysson M, Schneiker B, Dewald O, Krönke G, Kalff JC, Wehner S. A role for 12/15-lipoxygenase-derived proresolving mediators in postoperative ileus: protectin DX-regulated neutrophil extravasation. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:231-9. [PMID: 26292977 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi0515-189r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolution of inflammation is an active counter-regulatory mechanism involving polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived proresolving lipid mediators. Postoperative intestinal motility disturbances, clinically known as postoperative ileus, occur frequently after abdominal surgery and are mediated by a complex inflammation of the intestinal muscularis externa. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that proresolving lipid mediators are involved in the resolution of postoperative ileus. In a standardized experimental model of postoperative ileus, we detected strong expression of 12/15-lipoxygenase within the postoperative muscularis externa of C57BL/6 mice, predominately located within CX3CR1(+)/Ly6C(+) infiltrating monocytes rather than Ly6G(+) neutrophils. Mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that a 12/15-lipoxygenase increase was accompanied by production of docosahexaenoic acid-derived lipid mediators, particularly protectin DX and resolvin D2, and their common precursor 17-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid. Perioperative administration of protectin DX, but not resolvin D2 diminished blood-derived leukocyte infiltration into the surgically manipulated muscularis externa and improved the gastrointestinal motility. Flow cytometry analyses showed impaired Ly6G(+)/Ly6C(+) neutrophil extravasation after protectin DX treatment, whereas Ly6G(-)/Ly6C(+) monocyte numbers were not affected. 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice, lacking endogenous protectin DX synthesis, demonstrated increased postoperative leukocyte levels. Preoperative intravenous administration of a docosahexaenoic acid-rich lipid emulsion reduced postoperative leukocyte infiltration in wild-type mice but failed in 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice mice. Protectin DX application reduced leukocyte influx and rescued 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice mice from postoperative ileus. In conclusion, our results show that 12/15-lipoxygenase mediates postoperative ileus resolution via production of proresolving docosahexaenoic acid-derived protectin DX. Perioperative, parenteral protectin DX or docosahexaenoic acid supplementation, as well as modulation of the 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway, may be instrumental in prevention of postoperative ileus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Stein
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melissa Stoffels
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mariola Lysson
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bianca Schneiker
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Dewald
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg C Kalff
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Wehner
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|