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Ma X, Sun T, Zhou J, Zhi M, Shen S, Wang Y, Gu X, Li Z, Gao H, Wang P, Feng Q. Pangenomic Study of Fusobacterium nucleatum Reveals the Distribution of Pathogenic Genes and Functional Clusters at the Subspecies and Strain Levels. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0518422. [PMID: 37042769 PMCID: PMC10269558 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05184-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a prevalent periodontal pathogen and is associated with many systemic diseases. Our knowledge of the genomic characteristics and pathogenic effectors of different F. nucleatum strains is limited. In this study, we completed the whole genome assembly of the 4 F. nucleatum strains and carried out a comprehensive pangenomic study of 30 strains with their complete genome sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the F. nucleatum strains are mainly divided into 4 subspecies, while 1 of the sequenced strains was classified into a new subspecies. Gene composition analysis revealed that a total of 517 "core/soft-core genes" with housekeeping functions widely distributed in almost all the strains. Each subspecies had a unique gene cluster shared by strains within the subspecies. Analysis of the virulence factors revealed that many virulence factors were widely distributed across all the strains, with some present in multiple copies. Some virulence genes showed no consistent occurrence rule at the subspecies level and were specifically distributed in certain strains. The genomic islands mainly revealed strain-specific characteristics instead of subspecies level consistency, while CRISPR types and secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters were identically distributed in F. nucleatum strains from the same subspecies. The variation in amino acid sites in the adhesion protein FadA did not affect the monomer and dimer 3D structures, but it may affect the binding surface and the stability of binding to host receptors. This study provides a basis for the pathogenic study of F. nucleatum at the subspecies and strain levels. IMPORTANCE We used F. nucleatum as an example to analyze the genomic characteristics of oral pathogens at the species, subspecies, and strain levels and elucidate the similarities and differences in functional genes and virulence factors among different subspecies/strains of the same oral pathogen. We believe that the unique biological characteristics of each subspecies/strain can be attributed to the differences in functional gene clusters or the presence/absence of certain virulence genes. This study showed that F. nucleatum strains from the same subspecies had similar functional gene compositions, CRISPR types, and secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, while pathogenic genes, such as virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, and GIs, had more strain level specificity. The findings of this study suggest that, for microbial pathogenicity studies, we should carefully consider the subspecies/strains being used, as different strains may vary greatly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Human Microbiome & Implantology & Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Tianyong Sun
- Department of Human Microbiome & Implantology & Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Jiannan Zhou
- Department of Human Microbiome & Implantology & Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Sciences of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education (Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengfan Zhi
- Department of Human Microbiome & Implantology & Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Song Shen
- Department of Human Microbiome & Implantology & Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Yushang Wang
- Department of Human Microbiome & Implantology & Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xiufeng Gu
- Department of Human Microbiome & Implantology & Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Department of Human Microbiome & Implantology & Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Haiting Gao
- Department of Human Microbiome & Implantology & Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Department of Human Microbiome & Implantology & Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Human Microbiome & Implantology & Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Abstract
Copper ions bind to biomolecules (e.g., peptides and proteins) playing an essential role in many biological and physiological pathways in the human body. The resulting complexes may contribute to the initiation of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and bacterial and viral diseases, or act as therapeutics. Some compounds can chemically damage biological macromolecules and initiate the development of pathogenic states. Conversely, a number of these compounds may have antibacterial, antiviral, and even anticancer properties. One of the most significant current discussions in Cu biochemistry relates to the mechanisms of the positive and negative actions of Cu ions based on the generation of reactive oxygen species, including radicals that can interact with DNA molecules. This review aims to analyze various peptide–copper complexes and the mechanism of their action.
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Chen Y, Shi T, Li Y, Huang L, Yin D. Fusobacterium nucleatum: The Opportunistic Pathogen of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:860149. [PMID: 35369522 PMCID: PMC8966671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.860149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peri-implant diseases are considered to be a chronic destructive inflammatory destruction/damage occurring in soft and hard peri-implant tissues during the patient’s perennial use after implant restoration and have attracted much attention because of their high incidence. Although most studies seem to suggest that the pathogenesis of peri-implant diseases is similar to that of periodontal diseases and that both begin with microbial infection, the specific mechanism of peri-implant diseases remains unclear. As an oral opportunistic pathogen, Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) has been demonstrated to be vital for the occurrence and development of many oral infectious diseases, especially periodontal diseases. More notably, the latest relevant studies suggest that F. nucleatum may contribute to the occurrence and development of peri-implant diseases. Considering the close connection between peri-implant diseases and periodontal diseases, a summary of the role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in periodontal diseases may provide more research directions and ideas for the peri-implantation mechanism. In this review, we summarize the effects of F. nucleatum on periodontal diseases by biofilm formation, host infection, and host response, and then we establish the relationship between periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Based on the above aspects, we discuss the importance and potential value of F. nucleatum in peri-implant diseases.
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4
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Chen Y, Huang Z, Tang Z, Huang Y, Huang M, Liu H, Ziebolz D, Schmalz G, Jia B, Zhao J. More Than Just a Periodontal Pathogen –the Research Progress on Fusobacterium nucleatum. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:815318. [PMID: 35186795 PMCID: PMC8851061 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.815318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common oral opportunistic bacterium that can cause different infections. In recent years, studies have shown that F. nucleatum is enriched in lesions in periodontal diseases, halitosis, dental pulp infection, oral cancer, and systemic diseases. Hence, it can promote the development and/or progression of these conditions. The current study aimed to assess research progress in the epidemiological evidence, possible pathogenic mechanisms, and treatment methods of F. nucleatum in oral and systemic diseases. Novel viewpoints obtained in recent studies can provide knowledge about the role of F. nucleatum in hosts and a basis for identifying new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of F. nucleatum-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Tang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Jia, ; Jianjiang Zhao,
| | - Jianjiang Zhao
- Shenzhen Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Jia, ; Jianjiang Zhao,
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5
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Zhao L, Cho WC, Nicolls MR. Colorectal Cancer-Associated Microbiome Patterns and Signatures. Front Genet 2022; 12:787176. [PMID: 35003221 PMCID: PMC8729777 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.787176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is dynamic and shaped by diet, age, geography, and environment. The disruption of normal gut microbiota (dysbiosis) is closely related to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and progression. To better identify and characterize CRC-associated dysbiosis, we collected six independent cohorts with matched normal pairs (when available) for comparison and exploration of the microbiota and their interactions with the host. Comparing the microbial community compositions between cancerous and adjacent noncancerous tissues, we found that more microbes were depleted than enriched in tumors. Despite taxonomic variations among cohorts, consistent depletion of normal microbiota (members of Clostridia and Bacteroidia) and significant enrichment of oral-originated pathogens (such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Parvimonas micra) were observed in CRC compared to normal tissues. Sets of hub and hub-connecting microbes were subsequently identified to infer microbe-microbe interaction networks in CRC. Furthermore, biclustering was used for identifying coherent patterns between patients and microbes. Two patient-microbe interaction patterns, named P0 and P1, can be consistently identified among the investigated six CRC cohorts. Characterization of the microbial community composition of the two patterns revealed that patients in P0 and P1 differed significantly in microbial alpha and beta diversity, and CRC‐associated microbiota changes consist of continuous populations of widespread taxa rather than discrete enterotypes. In contrast to the P0, the patients in P1 have reduced microbial alpha diversity compared to the adjacent normal tissues, and P1 possesses more oral-related pathogens than P0 and controls. Collectively, our study investigated the CRC-associated microbiome changes, and identified reproducible microbial signatures across multiple independent cohorts. More importantly, we revealed that the CRC heterogeneity can be partially attributed to the variety and compositional differences of microbes and their interactions to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Li S, Liu J, Zheng X, Ren L, Yang Y, Li W, Fu W, Wang J, Du G. Tumorigenic bacteria in colorectal cancer: mechanisms and treatments. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0651. [PMID: 34586760 PMCID: PMC8832957 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and the second most fatal cancer. In recent years, more attention has been directed toward the role of gut microbiota in the initiation and development of CRC. Some bacterial species, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Salmonella sp. have been associated with CRC, based upon sequencing studies in CRC patients and functional studies in cell culture and animal models. These bacteria can cause host DNA damage by genotoxic substances, including colibactin secreted by pks + Escherichia coli, B. fragilis toxin (BFT) produced by Bacteroides fragilis, and typhoid toxin (TT) from Salmonella. These bacteria can also indirectly promote CRC by influencing host-signaling pathways, such as E-cadherin/β-catenin, TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB, and SMO/RAS/p38 MAPK. Moreover, some of these bacteria can contribute to CRC progression by helping tumor cells to evade the immune response by suppressing immune cell function, creating a proinflammatory environment, or influencing the autophagy process. Treatments with the classical antibacterial drugs, metronidazole or erythromycin, the antibacterial active ingredients, M13@ Ag (electrostatically assembled from inorganic silver nanoparticles and the protein capsid of bacteriophage M13), berberine, and zerumbone, were found to inhibit tumorigenic bacteria to different degrees. In this review, we described progress in elucidating the tumorigenic mechanisms of several CRC-associated bacteria, as well as progress in developing effective antibacterial therapies. Specific bacteria have been shown to be active in the oncogenesis and progression of CRC, and some antibacterial compounds have shown therapeutic potential in bacteria-induced CRC. These bacteria may be useful as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiangjin Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liwen Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weiqi Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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7
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Stokowa-Sołtys K, Wojtkowiak K, Jagiełło K. Fusobacterium nucleatum - Friend or foe? J Inorg Biochem 2021; 224:111586. [PMID: 34425476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is one of the most abundant Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, part of the gut, and oral commensal flora, generally found in human dental plaque. Its presence could be associated with various human diseases, including, e.g., periodontal, angina, lung and gynecological abscesses. This bacteria can enter the blood circulation as a result of periodontal infection. It was proven that F. nucleatum migrates from its primary site of colonization in the oral cavity to other parts of the body. It could cause numerous diseases, including cancers. On the other hand, it was shown that Fusobacterium produces significant amounts of butyric acid, which is a great source of energy for colonocytes (anti-inflammatory cells). Therefore, it is very interesting to get to know the two faces of F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Stokowa-Sołtys
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Wojtkowiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Jagiełło
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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Favaroni A, Hegemann JH. Chlamydia trachomatis Polymorphic Membrane Proteins (Pmps) Form Functional Homomeric and Heteromeric Oligomers. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:709724. [PMID: 34349750 PMCID: PMC8326573 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.709724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydiae are Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria, which infect animals and humans. Adhesion to host cells, the first step in the infection process, is mediated by polymorphic membrane proteins (Pmps). Pmps constitute the largest chlamydial protein family, with 9 members (subdivided into six subtypes) in C. trachomatis and 21 in C. pneumoniae, and are characterized by the presence of multiple copies of GGA(I,L,V) and FxxN motifs. Motif-rich fragments of all nine C. trachomatis Pmps act as adhesins and are essential for infection. As autotransporters, most Pmp proteins are secreted through their β-barrel domain and localize on the surface of the chlamydial cell, where most of them are proteolytically processed. Classical autotransporters are monomeric proteins, which can function as toxins, proteases, lipases and monoadhesive adhesins. Here we show that selected recombinant C. trachomatis Pmp fragments form functional adhesion-competent multimers. They assemble into homomeric and heteromeric filaments, as revealed by non-denaturing gel electrophoresis, size-exclusion chromatography and electron microscopy. Heteromeric filaments reach 2 μm in length, significantly longer than homomeric structures. Filament formation was independent of the number of motifs present in the fragment(s) concerned and their relative affinity for host cells. Our functional studies demonstrated that only adhesion-competent oligomers were able to block a subsequent infection. Pre-loading of infectious chlamydial cells with adhesion-competent Pmp oligomers maintained the subsequent infection, while adhesion-incompetent structures reduced infectivity, presumably by blocking the function of endogenous Pmps. The very large number of possible heteromeric and homomeric Pmp complexes represents a novel mechanism to ensure stable adhesion and possibly host cell immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Favaroni
- Institute of Functional Microbial Genomics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes H Hegemann
- Institute of Functional Microbial Genomics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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9
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Meng Q, Gao Q, Mehrazarin S, Tangwanichgapong K, Wang Y, Huang Y, Pan Y, Robinson S, Liu Z, Zangiabadi A, Lux R, Papapanou PN, Guo XE, Wang H, Berchowitz LE, Han YW. Fusobacterium nucleatum secretes amyloid-like FadA to enhance pathogenicity. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52891. [PMID: 34184813 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is a Gram-negative oral commensal, prevalent in various human diseases. It is unknown how this common commensal converts to a rampant pathogen. We report that Fn secretes an adhesin (FadA) with amyloid properties via a Fap2-like autotransporter to enhance its virulence. The extracellular FadA binds Congo Red, Thioflavin-T, and antibodies raised against human amyloid β42. Fn produces amyloid-like FadA under stress and disease conditions, but not in healthy sites or tissues. It functions as a scaffold for biofilm formation, confers acid tolerance, and mediates Fn binding to host cells. Furthermore, amyloid-like FadA induces periodontal bone loss and promotes CRC progression in mice, with virulence attenuated by amyloid-binding compounds. The uncleaved signal peptide of FadA is required for the formation and stability of mature amyloid FadA fibrils. We propose a model in which hydrophobic signal peptides serve as "hooks" to crosslink neighboring FadA filaments to form a stable amyloid-like structure. Our study provides a potential mechanistic link between periodontal disease and CRC and suggests anti-amyloid therapies as possible interventions for Fn-mediated disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Meng
- Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qiuqiang Gao
- Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shebli Mehrazarin
- Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kamonchanok Tangwanichgapong
- Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiming Huang
- Department of Systems Biology, Vagelos College of physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yutong Pan
- Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ziwen Liu
- Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amirali Zangiabadi
- Electron Microscopy Labs, Columbia Nano Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renate Lux
- Department of Oral Biology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - X Edward Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harris Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Vagelos College of physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luke E Berchowitz
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's and the Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiping W Han
- Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Guo P, Tian Z, Kong X, Yang L, Shan X, Dong B, Ding X, Jing X, Jiang C, Jiang N, Yu Y. FadA promotes DNA damage and progression of Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced colorectal cancer through up-regulation of chk2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:202. [PMID: 32993749 PMCID: PMC7523382 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) affects more than 1 million people each year. In addition to non-modifiable and other environmental risk factors, Fusobacterium nucleatum infection has been linked to CRC recently. In this study, we explored mechanisms underlying the role of Fusobacterium nucleatum infection in the progression of CRC in a mouse model. Methods C57BL/6 J-Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) Min/J mice [APC (Min/+)] were treated with Fusobacterium nucleatum (109 cfu/mL, 0.2 mL/time/day, i.g., 12 weeks), saline, or FadA knockout (FadA−/−) Fusobacterium nucleatum. The number, size, and weight of CRC tumors were determined in isolated tumor masses. The human CRC cell lines HCT29 and HT116 were treated with lentiviral vectors overexpressing chk2 or silencing β-catenin. DNA damage was determined by Comet assay and γH2AX immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of chk2 was determined by RT-qPCR. Protein expression of FadA, E-cadherin, β-catenin, and chk2 were determined by Western blot analysis. Results Fusobacterium nucleatum treatment promoted DNA damage in CRC in APC (Min/+) mice. Fusobacterium nucleatum also increased the number of CRC cells that were in the S phase of the cell cycle. FadA−/− reduced tumor number, size, and burden in vivo. FadA−/− also reduced DNA damage, cell proliferation, expression of E-cadherin and chk2, and cells in the S phase. Chk2 overexpression elevated DNA damage and tumor growth in APC (Min/+) mice. Conclusions In conclusion, this study provided evidence that Fusobacterium nucleatum induced DNA damage and cell growth in CRC through FadA-dependent activation of the E-cadherin/β-catenin pathway, leading to up-regulation of chk2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zibin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjuan Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhi Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingzi Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Sun CH, Li BB, Wang B, Zhao J, Zhang XY, Li TT, Li WB, Tang D, Qiu MJ, Wang XC, Zhu CM, Qian ZR. The role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer: from carcinogenesis to clinical management. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2019; 5:178-187. [PMID: 31891129 PMCID: PMC6926109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor that affects people worldwide. Metagenomic analyses have shown an enrichment of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinoma tissue; many studies have indicated that F. nucleatum is closely related to the colorectal carcinogenesis. In this review, we provide the latest information to reveal the related molecular mechanisms. The known virulence factors of F. nucleatum promote adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells via FadA and Fap2. Besides, Fap2 also binds to immune cells causing immunosuppression. Furthermore, F. nucleatum recruits tumor-infiltrating immune cells, thus yielding a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, which promotes colorectal neoplasia progression. F. nucleatum was also found to potentiate CRC development through toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and microRNA (miRNA)-21 expression. In addition, F. nucleatum increases CRC recurrence along with chemoresistance by mediating a molecular network of miRNA-18a*, miRNA-4802, and autophagy components. Moreover, viable F. nucleatum was detected in mouse xenografts of human primary colorectal adenocarcinomas through successive passages. These findings indicated that an increased number of F. nucleatum in the tissues is a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, and the underlying molecular mechanism can probably provide a potential intervention treatment strategy for patients with F. nucleatum-associated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Sun
- Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris 75005, France.,Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Health Management Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wen-Bing Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Di Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Miao-Juan Qiu
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Xin-Cheng Wang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Zhu
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Qian
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
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12
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Lesiów MK, Pietrzyk P, Kyzioł A, Komarnicka UK. Cu(II) Complexes with FomA Protein Fragments of Fusobacterium Nucleatum Increase Oxidative Stress and Malondialdehyde Level. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2227-2237. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika K. Lesiów
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Pietrzyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kyzioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula K. Komarnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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13
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Yang Z, Ji G. Fusobacterium nucleatum-positive colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:975-982. [PMID: 31423156 PMCID: PMC6607099 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important threat to human health and the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. Accumulating evidence indicates that the composition of the intestinal flora is associated with the occurrence of CRC. Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), one of the highly enriched bacteria in CRC tissues, invades the mucosa with adhesion factors and virulence proteins, interacts with the host immune system and promotes the occurrence and development of CRC and chemoresistance. Fn infection is prevalent in human colorectal carcinoma, although the infection rate varies in different regions. Fn may be used as a prognostic indicator of CRC. It is important to understand the multi-pathway carcinogenic mechanisms associated with CRC in order to develop novel antibacterial drugs against Fn. The current review summarizes the role of Fn and relevant research concerning CRC published in recent years, focusing on Fn infection in CRC, pathogenesis of Fn, Fn-positive CRC treatment, screening and prevention strategies against Fn-positive CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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14
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Abdel-Nour M, Su H, Duncan C, Li S, Raju D, Shamoun F, Valton M, Ginevra C, Jarraud S, Guyard C, Kerman K, Terebiznik MR. Polymorphisms of a Collagen-Like Adhesin Contributes to Legionella pneumophila Adhesion, Biofilm Formation Capacity and Clinical Prevalence. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:604. [PMID: 31024468 PMCID: PMC6460258 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionellosis is a severe respiratory illness caused by the inhalation of aerosolized water droplets contaminated with the opportunistic pathogen Legionella pneumophila. The ability of L. pneumophila to produce biofilms has been associated with its capacity to colonize and persist in human-made water reservoirs and distribution systems, which are the source of legionellosis outbreaks. Nevertheless, the factors that mediate L. pneumophila biofilm formation are largely unknown. In previous studies we reported that the adhesin Legionella collagen-like protein (Lcl), is required for auto-aggregation, attachment to multiple surfaces and the formation of biofilms. Lcl structure contains three distinguishable regions: An N-terminal region with a predicted signal sequence, a central region containing tandem collagen-like repeats (R-domain) and a C-terminal region (C-domain) with no significant homology to other known proteins. Lcl R-domain encodes tandem repeats of the collagenous tripeptide Gly-Xaa-Yaa (GXY), a motif that is key for the molecular organization of mammalian collagen and mediates the binding of collagenous proteins to different cellular and environmental ligands. Interestingly, Lcl is polymorphic in the number of GXY tandem repeats. In this study, we combined diverse biochemical, genetic, and cellular approaches to determine the role of Lcl domains and GXY repeats polymorphisms on the structural and functional properties of Lcl, as well as on bacterial attachment, aggregation and biofilm formation. Our results indicate that the R-domain is key for assembling Lcl collagenous triple-helices and has a more preponderate role over the C-domain in Lcl adhesin binding properties. We show that Lcl molecules oligomerize to form large supramolecular complexes to which both, R and C-domains are required. Furthermore, we found that the number of GXY tandem repeats encoded in Lcl R-domain correlates positively with the binding capabilities of Lcl and with the attachment and biofilm production capacity of L. pneumophila strains. Accordingly, the number of GXY tandem repeats in Lcl influences the clinical prevalence of L. pneumophila strains. Therefore, the number of Lcl tandem repeats could be considered as a potential predictor for virulence in L. pneumophila isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena Abdel-Nour
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Han Su
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carla Duncan
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shaopei Li
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepa Raju
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Feras Shamoun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marine Valton
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Polytech Clermont-Ferrand, Aubière, France
| | - Christophe Ginevra
- CIRI-International Center for Infectiology Research, Legionella Pathogenesis Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1111, Lyon, France.,Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,National Center for Legionella, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Jarraud
- CIRI-International Center for Infectiology Research, Legionella Pathogenesis Team, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1111, Lyon, France.,Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,National Center for Legionella, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cyril Guyard
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,The Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, Lyon, France
| | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mauricio R Terebiznik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Copper(II) complexes with Fusobacterium nucleatum adhesin FadA: Coordination pattern, physicochemical properties and reactivity. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 189:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Composition Analysis and Feature Selection of the Oral Microbiota Associated with Periodontal Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3130607. [PMID: 30581850 PMCID: PMC6276491 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3130607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease involving complex interactions between oral microorganisms and the host immune response. Understanding the structure of the microbiota community associated with periodontitis is essential for improving classifications and diagnoses of various types of periodontal diseases and will facilitate clinical decision-making. In this study, we used a 16S rRNA metagenomics approach to investigate and compare the compositions of the microbiota communities from 76 subgingival plagues samples, including 26 from healthy individuals and 50 from patients with periodontitis. Furthermore, we propose a novel feature selection algorithm for selecting features with more information from many variables with a combination of these features and machine learning methods were used to construct prediction models for predicting the health status of patients with periodontal disease. We identified a total of 12 phyla, 124 genera, and 355 species and observed differences between health- and periodontitis-associated bacterial communities at all phylogenetic levels. We discovered that the genera Porphyromonas, Treponema, Tannerella, Filifactor, and Aggregatibacter were more abundant in patients with periodontal disease, whereas Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Capnocytophaga, Gemella, Campylobacter, and Granulicatella were found at higher levels in healthy controls. Using our feature selection algorithm, random forests performed better in terms of predictive power than other methods and consumed the least amount of computational time.
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17
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Johnson L, Almeida-da-Silva CLC, Takiya CM, Figliuolo V, Rocha GM, Weissmüller G, Scharfstein J, Coutinho-Silva R, Ojcius DM. Oral infection of mice with Fusobacterium nucleatum results in macrophage recruitment to the dental pulp and bone resorption. Biomed J 2018; 41:184-193. [PMID: 30080658 PMCID: PMC6138822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusobacterium nucleatum is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium associated with periodontal disease. Some oral bacteria, like Porphyromonas gingivalis, evade the host immune response by inhibiting inflammation. On the other hand, F. nucleatum triggers inflammasome activation and release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in infected gingival epithelial cells. METHODS In this study, we characterized the pro-inflammatory response to F. nucleatum oral infection in BALB/c mice. Western blots and ELISA were used to measure cytokine and DAMP (HMGB1) levels in the oral cavity after infection. Histology and flow cytometry were used to observe recruitment of immune cells to infected tissue and pathology. RESULTS Our results show increased expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines during infection. Furthermore, we observe that F. nucleatum infection leads to recruitment of macrophages in different tissues of the oral cavity. Infection also contributes to osteoclast recruitment, which could be involved in the observed bone resorption. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest that F. nucleatum infection rapidly induces inflammation, release of DAMPs, and macrophage infiltration in gingival tissues and suggest that osteoclasts may drive bone resorption at early stages of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA; Immunobiology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cássio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA; Immunobiology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Immunobiology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Figliuolo
- Immunobiology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Miranda Rocha
- Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Weissmüller
- Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Scharfstein
- Immunobiology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Immunobiology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA; Immunobiology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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18
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Han YW. Fusobacterium nucleatum: a commensal-turned pathogen. Curr Opin Microbiol 2015; 23:141-7. [PMID: 25576662 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is an anaerobic oral commensal and a periodontal pathogen associated with a wide spectrum of human diseases. This article reviews its implication in adverse pregnancy outcomes (chorioamnionitis, preterm birth, stillbirth, neonatal sepsis, preeclampsia), GI disorders (colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, appendicitis), cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, respiratory tract infections, Lemierre's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. The virulence mechanisms involved in the diseases are discussed, with emphasis on its colonization, systemic dissemination, and induction of host inflammatory and tumorigenic responses. The FadA adhesin/invasin conserved in F. nucleatum is a key virulence factor and a potential diagnostic marker for F. nucleatum-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping W Han
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral Diagnostics & Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, United States; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, United States; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, United States.
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19
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Abstract
Oral colonising bacteria are highly adapted to the various environmental niches harboured within the mouth, whether that means while contributing to one of the major oral diseases of caries, pulp infections, or gingival/periodontal disease or as part of a commensal lifestyle. Key to these infections is the ability to adhere to surfaces via a range of specialised adhesins targeted at both salivary and epithelial proteins, their glycans and to form biofilm. They must also resist the various physical stressors they are subjected to, including pH and oxidative stress. Possibly most strikingly, they have developed the ability to harvest both nutrient sources provided by the diet and those derived from the host, such as protein and surface glycans. We have attempted to review recent developments that have revealed much about the molecular mechanisms at work in shaping the physiology of oral bacteria and how we might use this information to design and implement new treatment strategies.
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20
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Han Y, Houcken W, Loos B, Schenkein H, Tezal M. Periodontal disease, atherosclerosis, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and head-and-neck cancer. Adv Dent Res 2014; 26:47-55. [PMID: 24736704 PMCID: PMC10477771 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514528334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interrelationships between periodontal infection and systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and head-and-neck cancer have become increasingly appreciated in recent years. Periodontitis is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and, experimentally, with measures of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Periodontal therapy may reduce atherosclerotic changes and improve endothelial function. Preliminary findings suggest a role for the genetic locus ANRIL in the pathobiology of both CVD and periodontitis. Periodontal pathogens induce anticardiolipin in periodontitis patients by molecular mimicry of the serum protein β-2 glycoprotein I. These antibodies have biological and pathological activities consistent with those reported for other infection-induced antiphospholipid antibodies. Anticardiolipin may explain some of the observed associations between periodontitis and systemic conditions such as CVD and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The oral commensal Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) becomes pathogenic on migration to extra-oral sites. Fn infection of the fetal-placental unit has been linked to pregnancy complications, including preterm birth, stillbirth, and early-onset neonatal sepsis. Reagents aimed at inhibiting or resolving inflammatory responses may be used to treat or prevent pregnancy complications due to bacterial infection. Chronic periodontitis may be independently associated with head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) through direct toxic effects of bacteria and their products, and/or through indirect effects of inflammation. Additionally, chronic periodontitis may facilitate the acquisition and persistence of oral HPV infection, a recently emerged risk factor for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.W. Han
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine and Departments of Pathology and Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - W. Houcken
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B.G. Loos
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H.A. Schenkein
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Common wealth University, PO Box 980566, Richmond, VA, USA; and
| | - M. Tezal
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 202 Foster Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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21
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Xu P, Gunsolley J. Application of metagenomics in understanding oral health and disease. Virulence 2014; 5:424-32. [PMID: 24642489 DOI: 10.4161/viru.28532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases including periodontal disease and caries are some of the most prevalent infectious diseases in humans. Different microbial species cohabitate and form a polymicrobial biofilm called dental plaque in the oral cavity. Metagenomics using next generation sequencing technologies has produced bacterial profiles and genomic profiles to study the relationships between microbial diversity, genetic variation, and oral diseases. Several oral metagenomic studies have examined the oral microbiome of periodontal disease and caries. Gene annotations in these studies support the association of specific genes or metabolic pathways with oral health and with specific diseases. The roles of pathogenic species and functions of specific genes in oral disease development have been recognized by metagenomic analysis. A model is proposed in which three levels of interactions occur in the oral microbiome that determines oral health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- VCU Philips Institute; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA; Center for the Study of Biological Complexity; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA
| | - John Gunsolley
- Periodontics Department; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Weng Han
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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23
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Rubinstein MR, Wang X, Liu W, Hao Y, Cai G, Han YW. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by modulating E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling via its FadA adhesin. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 14:195-206. [PMID: 23954158 PMCID: PMC3770529 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1427] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), but causality and underlying mechanisms remain to be established. We demonstrate that Fn adheres to, invades, and induces oncogenic and inflammatory responses to stimulate growth of CRC cells through its unique FadA adhesin. FadA binds to E-cadherin, activates β-catenin signaling, and differentially regulates the inflammatory and oncogenic responses. The FadA-binding site on E-cadherin is mapped to an 11-amino-acid region. A synthetic peptide derived from this region of E-cadherin abolishes FadA-induced CRC cell growth and oncogenic and inflammatory responses. The fadA gene levels in the colon tissue from patients with adenomas and adenocarcinomas are >10-100 times higher compared to normal individuals. The increased FadA expression in CRC correlates with increased expression of oncogenic and inflammatory genes. This study unveils a mechanism by which Fn can drive CRC and identifies FadA as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Wendy Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Yujun Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Guifang Cai
- School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Yiping W. Han
- Department of Periodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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24
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Abstract
The link between oral infections and adverse systemic conditions has attracted much attention in the research community. Several mechanisms have been proposed, including spread of the oral infection due to transient bacteremia resulting in bacterial colonization in extra-oral sites, systemic injury by free toxins of oral pathogens, and systemic inflammation caused by soluble antigens of oral pathogens. Mounting evidence supports a major role of the systemic spread of oral commensals and pathogens to distant body sites causing extra-oral infections and inflammation. We review here the most recent findings on systemic infections and inflammation complicated by oral bacteria, including cardiovascular disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, respiratory tract infections, and organ inflammations and abscesses. The recently identified virulence mechanisms of oral species Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Campylobacter rectus are also reviewed. A pattern emerges indicating that only select subtype(s) of a given species, e.g., F. nucleatum subspecies animalis and polymorphum and S. mutans non-c serotypes, are prone to extra-oral translocation. These findings advocate the importance of identification and quantification of potential pathogens at the subtype levels for accurate prediction of disease potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Han
- Department of Periodontics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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