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Pantoja-Guerra M, Burkett-Cadena M, Cadena J, Dunlap CA, Ramírez CA. Lysinibacillus spp.: an IAA-producing endospore forming-bacteria that promotes plant growth. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023:10.1007/s10482-023-01828-x. [PMID: 37138159 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysinibacillus is a bacterial genus that has generated recent interest for its biotechnological potential in agriculture. Strains belonging to this group are recognized for their mosquitocidal and bioremediation activity. However, in recent years some reports indicate its importance as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This research sought to provide evidence of the PGP activity of Lysinibacillus spp. and the role of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production associated with this activity. Twelve Lysinibacillus spp. strains were evaluated under greenhouse conditions, six of which increased the biomass and root architecture of corn plants. In most cases, growth stimulation was evident at 108 CFU/mL inoculum concentration. All strains produced IAA with high variation between them (20-70 µg/mL). The bioinformatic identification of predicted genes associated with IAA production allowed the detection of the indole pyruvic acid pathway to synthesize IAA in all strains; additionally, genes for a tryptamine pathway were detected in two strains. Extracellular filtrates from all strain's cultures increased the corn coleoptile length in an IAA-similar concentration pattern, which demonstrates the filtrates had an auxin-like effect on plant tissue. Five of the six strains that previously showed PGPR activity in corn also promoted the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana (col 0). These strains induced changes in root architecture of Arabidopsis mutant plants (aux1-7/axr4-2), the partial reversion of mutant phenotype indicated the role of IAA on plant growth. This work provided solid evidence of the association of Lysinibacillus spp. IAA production with their PGP activity, which constitutes a new approach for this genus. These elements contribute to the biotechnological exploration of this bacterial genus for agricultural biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Pantoja-Guerra
- Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Biología, Medellín, Colombia.
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Unilasallista Corporación Universitaria, Caldas - Antioquia, Colombia.
| | | | | | - Christopher A Dunlap
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, 1815 N University, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Camilo A Ramírez
- Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Biología, Medellín, Colombia
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2
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Batista BD, Dourado MN, Figueredo EF, Hortencio RO, Marques JPR, Piotto FA, Bonatelli ML, Settles ML, Azevedo JL, Quecine MC. The auxin-producing Bacillus thuringiensis RZ2MS9 promotes the growth and modifies the root architecture of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom). Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3869-3882. [PMID: 34013419 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are commonly commercialized as bioinoculants for insect pest control, but their benefits go beyond their insecticidal property: they can act as plant growth-promoters. Auxins play a major role in the plant growth promotion. However, the mechanism of auxin production by the Bacilli group, and more specifically by Bt strains, is unclear. In previous work, the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) B. thuringiensis strain RZ2MS9 increased the corn roots. This drew our attention to the strain's auxin production trait, earlier detected in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that in its genome, RZ2MS9 harbours the complete set of genes required in two pathways that are used for Indole acetic acid (IAA) production. We also detected that the strain produces almost five times more IAA during the stationary phase. The bacterial application increased the shoot dry weight of the Micro-Tom (MT) tomato by 24%. The application also modified MT root architecture, with an increase of 26% in the average lateral root length and inhibition of the axial root. At the cellular level, RZ2MS9-treated MT plants presented elongated root cortical cells with intensified mitotic activity. Altogether, these are the best characterized auxin-associated phenotypes. Besides that, no growth alteration was detected in the auxin-insensitive diageotropic (dgt) plants either with or without the RZ2MS9 inoculation. Our results suggest that auxins play an important role in the ability of B. thuringiensis RZ2MS9 to promote MT growth and provide a better understanding of the auxin production mechanism by a Bt strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Durante Batista
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 11 Pádua Dias Av., Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | - Manuella Nóbrega Dourado
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Everthon Fernandes Figueredo
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 11 Pádua Dias Av., Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Ockner Hortencio
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 11 Pádua Dias Av., Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Rodrigues Marques
- Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Angelo Piotto
- Department of Crop Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Bonatelli
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 11 Pádua Dias Av., Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.,Bioinformatics Core, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - João Lucio Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 11 Pádua Dias Av., Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Quecine
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 11 Pádua Dias Av., Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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3
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Brachmann AO, Probst SI, Rüthi J, Dudko D, Bode HB, Piel J. A Desaturase‐Like Enzyme Catalyzes Oxazole Formation in
Pseudomonas
Indolyloxazole Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O. Brachmann
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Institute of Microbiology Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Silke I. Probst
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Institute of Microbiology Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Joel Rüthi
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Institute of Microbiology Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Darya Dudko
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Institute of Microbiology Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Helge B. Bode
- Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institute of Molecular Biological Science Max-von-Laue Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS) Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Max-von-Laue-Straße 15 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology Department of Natural Products in Organismic Interactions 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Jörn Piel
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich Institute of Microbiology Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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4
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Jahn L, Hofmann U, Ludwig-Müller J. Indole-3-Acetic Acid Is Synthesized by the Endophyte Cyanodermella asteris via a Tryptophan-Dependent and -Independent Way and Mediates the Interaction with a Non-Host Plant. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2651. [PMID: 33800748 PMCID: PMC7961953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is one of the main signals playing a role in the communication between host and endophytes. Endophytes can synthesize IAA de novo to influence the IAA homeostasis in plants. Although much is known about IAA biosynthesis in microorganisms, there is still less known about the pathway by which IAA is synthesized in fungal endophytes. The aim of this study is to examine a possible IAA biosynthesis pathway in Cyanodermella asteris. In vitro cultures of C. asteris were incubated with the IAA precursors tryptophan (Trp) and indole, as well as possible intermediates, and they were additionally treated with IAA biosynthesis inhibitors (2-mercaptobenzimidazole and yucasin DF) to elucidate possible IAA biosynthesis pathways. It was shown that (a) C. asteris synthesized IAA without adding precursors; (b) indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN), indole-3-acetamide (IAM), and indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAD) increased IAA biosynthesis; and (c) C. asteris synthesized IAA also by a Trp-independent pathway. Together with the genome information of C. asteris, the possible IAA biosynthesis pathways found can improve the understanding of IAA biosynthesis in fungal endophytes. The uptake of fungal IAA into Arabidopsis thaliana is necessary for the induction of lateral roots and other fungus-related growth phenotypes, since the application of the influx inhibitor 2-naphthoxyacetic acid (NOA) but not the efflux inhibitor N-1-naphtylphthalamic acid (NPA) were altering these parameters. In addition, the root phenotype of the mutation in an influx carrier, aux1, was partially rescued by C. asteris.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (L.J.); (U.H.)
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5
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Brachmann AO, Probst SI, Rüthi J, Dudko D, Bode HB, Piel J. A Desaturase-Like Enzyme Catalyzes Oxazole Formation in Pseudomonas Indolyloxazole Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8781-8785. [PMID: 33460275 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Indolyloxazole alkaloids occur in diverse micro- and macroorganisms and exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. Despite their ubiquitous occurrence and simple structures, the biosynthetic pathway remained unknown. Here, we used transposon mutagenesis in the labradorin producer Pseudomonas entomophila to identify a cryptic biosynthetic locus encoding an N-acyltransferase and a non-heme diiron desaturase-like enzyme. Heterologous expression in E. coli demonstrates that both enzymes are sufficient to produce indolyloxazoles. Probing their function in stable-isotope feeding experiments, we provide evidence for an unusual desaturase mechanism that generates the oxazole by decarboxylative cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Brachmann
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Institute of Microbiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silke I Probst
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Institute of Microbiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joel Rüthi
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Institute of Microbiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Darya Dudko
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Institute of Microbiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Helge B Bode
- Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Institute of Molecular Biological Science, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Natural Products in Organismic Interactions, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Piel
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Institute of Microbiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Rushabh S, Kajal C, Prittesh P, Amaresan N, Krishnamurthy R. Isolation, characterization, and optimization of indole acetic acid–producing Providencia species (7MM11) and their effect on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seedlings. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Morffy N, Strader LC. Old Town Roads: routes of auxin biosynthesis across kingdoms. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 55:21-27. [PMID: 32199307 PMCID: PMC7540728 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is an important signaling molecule synthesized in organisms from multiple kingdoms of life, including land plants, green algae, and bacteria. In this review, we highlight the similarities and differences in auxin biosynthesis among these organisms. Tryptophan-dependent routes to IAA are found in land plants, green algae and bacteria. Recent sequencing efforts show that the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway, one of the primary biosynthetic pathways in land plants, is also found in the green algae. These similarities raise questions about the origin of auxin biosynthesis. Future studies comparing auxin biosynthesis across kingdoms will shed light on its origin and role outside of the plant lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Morffy
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Center for Science and Engineering Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
| | - Lucia C Strader
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Center for Science and Engineering Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
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8
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A phosphorylation-based switch controls TAA1-mediated auxin biosynthesis in plants. Nat Commun 2020; 11:679. [PMID: 32015349 PMCID: PMC6997161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin determines the developmental fate of plant tissues, and local auxin concentration is precisely controlled. The role of auxin transport in modulating local auxin concentration has been widely studied but the regulation of local auxin biosynthesis is less well understood. Here, we show that TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS (TAA1), a key enzyme in the auxin biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana is phosphorylated at Threonine 101 (T101). T101 phosphorylation status can act as an on/off switch to control TAA1-dependent auxin biosynthesis and is required for proper regulation of root meristem size and root hair development. This phosphosite is evolutionarily conserved suggesting post-translational regulation of auxin biosynthesis may be a general phenomenon. In addition, we show that auxin itself, in part via TRANS-MEMBRANE KINASE 4 (TMK4), can induce T101 phosphorylation of TAA1 suggesting a self-regulatory loop whereby local auxin signalling can suppress biosynthesis. We conclude that phosphorylation-dependent control of TAA1 enzymatic activity may contribute to regulation of auxin concentration in response to endogenous and/or external cues. Precise regulation of auxin concentration via transport and metabolism determines the developmental fate of plant tissues. Here the authors show that local auxin biosynthesis is regulated by TMK4-dependent phosphorylation of the TAA1 enzyme and that this is required for proper root development.
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9
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Etesami H, Adl SM. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Their Action Mechanisms in Availability of Nutrients to Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2576-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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10
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Cong X, Li X, Li S. Crystal structure of the aromatic-amino-acid aminotransferase from Streptococcus mutans. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2019; 75:141-146. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18018472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans, a facultatively aerobic and Gram-positive bacterium, is the primary causative agent of dental caries and contributes to the multispecies biofilm known as dental plaque. In this study, the aromatic-amino-acid aminotransferase fromStreptococcus mutans(SmAroAT) was recombinantly expressed inEscherichia coli. An effective purification protocol was established. The recombinant protein was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method with PEG 3350 as the primary precipitant. The crystal structure ofSmAroAT was solved at 2.2 Å resolution by the molecular-replacement method. Structural analysis indicated that the proteins of the aromatic-amino-acid aminotransferase family have conserved structural elements that might play a role in substrate binding. These results may help in obtaining a better understanding of the catabolism and biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.
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11
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Numponsak T, Kumla J, Suwannarach N, Matsui K, Lumyong S. Biosynthetic pathway and optimal conditions for the production of indole-3-acetic acid by an endophytic fungus, Colletotrichum fructicola CMU-A109. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205070. [PMID: 30335811 PMCID: PMC6193638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are known to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which can stimulate plant growth. Twenty-seven isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from Coffea arabica in northern Thailand. Only one isolate (CMU-A109) produced IAA in vitro. This isolate was identified as Colletotrichum fructicola based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis of a combined five loci (internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA, actin, β-tubulin 2, chitin synthase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes). Identification of a fungal IAA production obtained from indole 3-acetamide (IAM) and tryptophan 2-monooxygenase activity is suggestive of IAM routed IAA biosynthesis. The highest IAA yield (1205.58±151.89 μg/mL) was obtained after 26 days of cultivation in liquid medium supplemented with 8 mg/mL L-tryptophan at 30°C. Moreover, the crude fungal IAA could stimulate coleoptile elongation of maize, rice and rye. This is the first report of IAA production by C. fructicola and its ability to produce IAA was highest when compared with previous reports on IAA produced by fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosapon Numponsak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- The Center of Excellence for Renewable Energy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mia, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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12
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Sarkar I, Tisa LS, Gtari M, Sen A. Biosynthetic energy cost of potentially highly expressed proteins vary with niche in selected actinobacteria. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 58:154-161. [PMID: 29144540 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid and protein biosynthesis requires a number of high energy phosphate bonds and includes a dual energy cost for the synthesis of chemical intermediates during the fueling reactions and the conversion of precursor molecules to final products. One popular hypothesis is that the proteins encoded by putative highly expressed genes (hence called PHXPs) generally utilize low energy consuming amino acids to reduce the biosynthetic cost of the essential proteins. In our study, we found that this idea was not supported in the case of actinobacteria. With the actinobacteria, the energy costs of PHXPs varied in relation to their niche. Free-living, including aquatic, soil and extremophilic, and plant-associated actinobacteria were found to use energetically expensive amino acids in their PHXPs. An exception occurred with some animal-host-associated actinobacteria that used energy efficient amino acids. One explanation for these results may be due to the diverse metabolic patterns exhibited by actinobacteria under varied niches influenced by nutritional availability and physical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Sarkar
- NBU Bioinformatics Facility, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Louis S Tisa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Maher Gtari
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Université de Tunis Elmanar (FST), Université de Carthage (INSAT), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Arnab Sen
- NBU Bioinformatics Facility, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
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13
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The plant growth-promoting effect of the nitrogen-fixing endophyte Pseudomonas stutzeri A15. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:513-517. [PMID: 28070613 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as a sustainable alternative for chemical nitrogen fertilizers has been explored for many economically important crops. For one such strain isolated from rice rhizosphere and endosphere, nitrogen-fixing Pseudomonas stutzeri A15, unequivocal evidence of the plant growth-promoting effect and the potential contribution of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the effect of P. stutzeri A15 inoculation on the growth of rice seedlings in greenhouse conditions. P. stutzeri A15 induced significant growth promotion compared to uninoculated rice seedlings. Furthermore, inoculation with strain A15 performed significantly better than chemical nitrogen fertilization, clearly pointing to the potential of this bacterium as biofertilizer. To assess the contribution of BNF to the plant growth-promoting effect, rice seedlings were also inoculated with a nitrogen fixation-deficient mutant. Our results suggest that BNF (at best) only partially contributes to the stimulation of plant growth.
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14
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Estrada-Johnson E, Csukasi F, Pizarro CM, Vallarino JG, Kiryakova Y, Vioque A, Brumos J, Medina-Escobar N, Botella MA, Alonso JM, Fernie AR, Sánchez-Sevilla JF, Osorio S, Valpuesta V. Transcriptomic Analysis in Strawberry Fruits Reveals Active Auxin Biosynthesis and Signaling in the Ripe Receptacle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:889. [PMID: 28611805 PMCID: PMC5447041 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The role of auxin in ripening strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) fruits has been restricted to the early stages of development where the growth of the receptacle is dependent on the delivery of auxin from the achenes. At later stages, during enlargement of the receptacle, other hormones have been demonstrated to participate to different degrees, from the general involvement of gibberellins and abscisic acid to the more specific of ethylene. Here we report the involvement of auxin at the late stages of receptacle ripening. The auxin content of the receptacle remains constant during ripening. Analysis of the transcriptome of ripening strawberry fruit revealed the changing expression pattern of the genes of auxin synthesis, perception, signaling and transport along with achene and receptacle development from the green to red stage. Specific members of the corresponding gene families show active transcription in the ripe receptacle. For the synthesis of auxin, two genes encoding tryptophan aminotransferases, FaTAA1 and FaTAR2, were expressed in the red receptacle, with FaTAR2 expression peaking at this stage. Transient silencing of this gene in ripening receptacle was accompanied by a diminished responsiveness to auxin. The auxin activity in the ripening receptacle is supported by the DR5-directed expression of a GUS reporter gene in the ripening receptacle of DR5-GUS transgenic strawberry plants. Clustering by co-expression of members of the FaAux/IAA and FaARF families identified five members whose transcriptional activity was increased with the onset of receptacle ripening. Among these, FaAux/IAA11 and FaARF6a appeared, by their expression level and fold-change, as the most likely candidates for their involvement in the auxin activity in the ripening receptacle. The association of the corresponding ARF6 gene in Arabidopsis to cell elongation constitutes a suggestive hypothesis for FaARF6a involvement in the same cellular process in the growing and ripening receptacle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Estrada-Johnson
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMálaga, Spain
| | - Fabiana Csukasi
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMálaga, Spain
| | - Carmen M. Pizarro
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMálaga, Spain
| | - José G. Vallarino
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMálaga, Spain
| | - Yulia Kiryakova
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della BasilicataPotenza, Italy
| | - Amalia Vioque
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMálaga, Spain
| | - Javier Brumos
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States
| | - Nieves Medina-Escobar
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMálaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Botella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMálaga, Spain
| | - José M. Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States
| | | | - José F. Sánchez-Sevilla
- Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera, IFAPA-Centro de ChurrianaMálaga, Spain
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMálaga, Spain
- *Correspondence: Victoriano Valpuesta, Sonia Osorio,
| | - Victoriano Valpuesta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMálaga, Spain
- *Correspondence: Victoriano Valpuesta, Sonia Osorio,
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Rodrigues EP, Soares CDP, Galvão PG, Imada EL, Simões-Araújo JL, Rouws LFM, de Oliveira ALM, Vidal MS, Baldani JI. Identification of Genes Involved in Indole-3-Acetic Acid Biosynthesis by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 Strain Using Transposon Mutagenesis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1572. [PMID: 27774087 PMCID: PMC5053998 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a beneficial nitrogen-fixing endophyte found in association with sugarcane plants and other important crops. Beneficial effects of G. diazotrophicus on sugarcane growth and productivity have been attributed to biological nitrogen fixation process and production of phytohormones especially indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); however, information about the biosynthesis and function of IAA in G. diazotrophicus is still scarce. Therefore, the aim of this work was to identify genes and pathways involved in IAA biosynthesis in this bacterium. In our study, the screening of two independent Tn5 mutant libraries of PAL5T strain using the Salkowski colorimetric assay revealed two mutants (Gdiaa34 and Gdiaa01), which exhibited 95% less indolic compounds than the parental strain when grown in LGIP medium supplemented with L-tryptophan. HPLC chromatograms of the wild-type strain revealed the presence of IAA and of the biosynthetic intermediates indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA) and indole-3-lactate (ILA). In contrast, the HPLC profiles of both mutants showed no IAA but only a large peak of non-metabolized tryptophan and low levels of IPyA and ILA were detected. Molecular characterization revealed that Gdiaa01 and Gdiaa34 mutants had unique Tn5 insertions at different sites within the GDI2456 open read frame, which is predicted to encode a L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO). GDI2456 (lao gene) forms a cluster with GDI2455 and GDI2454 ORFs, which are predicted to encode a cytochrome C and an RidA protein, respectively. RT-qPCR showed that transcript levels of lao. cccA, and ridA genes were reduced in the Gdiaa01 as compared to PAL5T. In addition, rice plants inoculated with Gdiaa01 showed significantly smaller root development (length, surface area, number of forks and tips) than those plants inoculated with PAL5T. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that G. diazotrophicus PAL5T produces IAA via the IPyA pathway in cultures supplemented with tryptophan and provides evidence for the involvement of an L-amino acid oxidase gene cluster in the biosynthesis of IAA. Furthermore, we showed that the mutant strains with reduction in IAA biosynthesis ability, in consequence of the lower transcription levels of genes of the lao cluster, had remarkable effects on development of rice roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisete P Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Genética de Microrganismos, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eddie L Imada
- Laboratório de Genética de Microrganismos, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - André L M de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina, Brazil
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16
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Babaei P, Marashi SA, Asad S. Genome-scale reconstruction of the metabolic network in Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:3022-32. [PMID: 26302703 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00086f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 is an endophytic bacterium capable of nitrogen fixation. This strain has been isolated from the rice rhizosphere and provides the plant with fixed nitrogen and phytohormones. These interesting features encouraged us to study the metabolism of this microorganism at the systems-level. In this work, we present the first genome-scale metabolic model (iPB890) for P. stutzeri, involving 890 genes, 1135 reactions, and 813 metabolites. A combination of automatic and manual approaches was used in the reconstruction process. Briefly, using the metabolic networks of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida as templates, a draft metabolic network of P. stutzeri was reconstructed. Then, the draft network was driven through an iterative and curative process of gap filling. In the next step, the model was evaluated using different experimental data such as specific growth rate, Biolog substrate utilization data and other experimental observations. In most of the evaluation cases, the model was successful in correctly predicting the cellular phenotypes. Thus, we posit that the iPB890 model serves as a suitable platform to explore the metabolism of P. stutzeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parizad Babaei
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Jiao J, Ma Y, Chen S, Liu C, Song Y, Qin Y, Yuan C, Liu Y. Melatonin-Producing Endophytic Bacteria from Grapevine Roots Promote the Abiotic Stress-Induced Production of Endogenous Melatonin in Their Hosts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1387. [PMID: 27708652 PMCID: PMC5030213 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes form symbiotic relationships with plants and constitute an important source of phytohormones and bioactive secondary metabolites for their hosts. To date, most studies of endophytes have focused on the influence of these microorganisms on plant growth and physiology and their role in plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stressors; however, to the best of our knowledge, the ability of endophytes to produce melatonin has not been reported. In the present study, we isolated and identified root-dwelling bacteria from three grapevine varieties and found that, when cultured under laboratory conditions, some of the bacteria strains secreted melatonin and tryptophan-ethyl ester. The endophytic bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB-9 exhibited the highest level of in vitro melatonin secretion and also produced three intermediates of the melatonin biosynthesis pathway: 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, and N-acetylserotonin. After B. amyloliquefaciens SB-9 colonization, the plantlets exhibited increased plant growth. Additionally, we found that, in grapevine plantlets exposed to salt or drought stress, colonization by B. amyloliquefaciens SB-9 increased the upregulation of melatonin synthesis, as well as that of its intermediates, but reduced the upregulation of grapevine tryptophan decarboxylase genes (VvTDCs) and a serotonin N-acetyltransferase gene (VvSNAT) transcription, when compared to the un-inoculated control. Colonization by B. amyloliquefaciens SB-9 was also able to counteract the adverse effects of salt- and drought-induced stress by reducing the production of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2-) in roots. Therefore, our findings demonstrate the occurrence of melatonin biosynthesis in endophytic bacteria and provide evidence for a novel form of communication between beneficial endophytes and host plants via melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiao
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Yaner Ma
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
| | - Sha Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Chonghuai Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
| | - Yuyang Song
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Yi Qin
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Chunlong Yuan
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- *Correspondence: Yanlin Liu, Chunlong Yuan,
| | - Yanlin Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- *Correspondence: Yanlin Liu, Chunlong Yuan,
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18
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Jijón-Moreno S, Marcos-Jiménez C, Pedraza RO, Ramírez-Mata A, de Salamone IG, Fernández-Scavino A, Vásquez-Hernández CA, Soto-Urzúa L, Baca BE. The ipdC, hisC1 and hisC2 genes involved in indole-3-acetic production used as alternative phylogenetic markers in Azospirillum brasilense. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 107:1501-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Etesami H, Mirseyed Hosseini H, Alikhani HA. Bacterial biosynthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-caboxylate (ACC) deaminase, a useful trait to elongation and endophytic colonization of the roots of rice under constant flooded conditions. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 20:425-34. [PMID: 25320466 PMCID: PMC4185049 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-014-0251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the role of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase in Pseudomonas fluorescens strain REN1 and its ability to reduce ethylene levels produced during stress, endophytically colonize and promote the elongation of the roots of rice seedlings under gnotobiotic conditions. We isolated 80 bacteria from inside roots of rice plants grown in the farmers' fields in Guilan, Iran. All of the isolates were characterized for plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. In addition, the colonization assay of these isolates on rice seedlings was carried out to screen for competent endophytes. The best bacterial isolate, based on ACC deaminase production, was identified and used for further study. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that the endophyte was closely related to Pseudomonas fluorescens. The results of this study showed ACC deaminase containing P. fluorescens REN1 increased in vitro root elongation and endophytically colonized the root of rice seedlings significantly, as compared to control under constant flooded conditions. The trait of low amount of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production (<15 μg mL(-1)) and the high production of ACC deaminase by bacteria may be main factors in colonizing rice seedling roots compared to other PGP traits (siderophore production and phosphate solubilization) in this study. Endophytic IAA and ACC deaminase-producing bacteria may be preferential selections by rice seedlings. Therefore, it may be suggested that the utilization of ACC as a nutrient gives the isolates advantages in more endophytic colonization and increase of root length of rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Etesami
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirseyed Hosseini
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Alikhani
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Di Salvo LP, Silva E, Teixeira KR, Cote RE, Pereyra MA, García de Salamone IE. Physiological and biochemical characterization ofAzospirillum brasilensestrains commonly used as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. J Basic Microbiol 2014; 54:1310-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P. Di Salvo
- Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | | | | | - Rosalba Esquivel Cote
- Departamento de Biología; Laboratorio de Microbiología Experimental; México DF México
| | - M. Alejandra Pereyra
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal y Microbiana; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Balcarce Argentina
| | - Inés E. García de Salamone
- Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina
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21
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Masciarelli O, Llanes A, Luna V. A new PGPR co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum enhances soybean nodulation. Microbiol Res 2014; 169:609-15. [PMID: 24280513 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) strain was isolated from soybean seeds and the bacterial mechanisms related to plant growth promotion were evaluated and characterized. Isolates were genotypically compared and identified by amplification of partial sequences of 16S DNAr as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain LL2012. Isolates were grown until exponential growth phase to evaluate the atmospheric nitrogen fixation, enzymatic activities, phosphate solubilization, siderophores and phytohormones production. LL2012 strain was able to grow and to produce high levels of auxin, gibberellins and salicylic acid in chemically defined medium. Co-inoculation of soybean plants with LL2012 strain and the natural symbiont (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) altered plant growth parameters and significantly improved nodulation. Our results show that the association of LL2012 with B. japonicum, enhanced the capacity of the latter to colonize plant roots and increase the number of nodules, which make the co-inoculation technique attractive for use in commercial inoculant formulations following proper field evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Masciarelli
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Fac. de Cs. Exactas, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Analía Llanes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Fac. de Cs. Exactas, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Virginia Luna
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Fac. de Cs. Exactas, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina.
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22
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Bakhshandeh E, Rahimian H, Pirdashti H, Nematzadeh GA. Phosphate solubilization potential and modeling of stress tolerance of rhizobacteria from rice paddy soil in northern Iran. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:2437-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Singh RP, Reddy CRK. Seaweed-microbial interactions: key functions of seaweed-associated bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 88:213-30. [PMID: 24512602 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed-associated bacteria play a crucial role in morphogenesis and growth of seaweeds (macroalgae) in direct and/or indirect ways. Bacterial communities belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes are generally the most abundant on seaweed surfaces. Associated bacterial communities produce plant growth-promoting substances, quorum sensing signalling molecules, bioactive compounds and other effective molecules that are responsible for normal morphology, development and growth of seaweeds. Also, bioactive molecules of associated bacteria determine the presence of other bacterial strains on seaweeds and protect the host from harmful entities present in the pelagic realm. The ecological functions of cross-domain signalling between seaweeds and bacteria have been reported as liberation of carpospores in the red seaweeds and settlement of zoospores in the green seaweeds. In the present review, the role of extracellular polymeric substances in growth and settlement of seaweeds spores is also highlighted. To elucidate the functional roles of associated bacteria and the molecular mechanisms underlying reported ecological phenomena in seaweeds requires a combined ecological, microbiological and biochemical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pal Singh
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India; Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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24
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Lisitskaya TB, Trosheva TD. Microorganisms stimulating plant growth for sustainable agriculture. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363213130252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Duca D, Lorv J, Patten CL, Rose D, Glick BR. Indole-3-acetic acid in plant-microbe interactions. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 106:85-125. [PMID: 24445491 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is an important phytohormone with the capacity to control plant development in both beneficial and deleterious ways. The ability to synthesize IAA is an attribute that many bacteria including both plant growth-promoters and phytopathogens possess. There are three main pathways through which IAA is synthesized; the indole-3-pyruvic acid, indole-3-acetamide and indole-3-acetonitrile pathways. This chapter reviews the factors that effect the production of this phytohormone, the role of IAA in bacterial physiology and in plant-microbe interactions including phytostimulation and phytopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Duca
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada,
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26
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tyrB-2 and phhC genes of Pseudomonas putida encode aromatic amino acid aminotransferase isozymes: evidence at the protein level. Amino Acids 2013; 45:351-8. [PMID: 23685963 PMCID: PMC3714555 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two Pseudomonas putida aminotransferases (ArAT I and ArAT II) that exhibit activity toward L-tryptophan were purified 104- and 395-fold using a six-stage purification procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatographic separation on phenyl-Sepharose, Sephadex G-100 superfine, DEAE-cellulose and Protein-Pack Q8 HR columns. Mass spectrometry analysis resulted in the identification of 27 and 20 % of the total ArAT I and ArAT II amino acid sequences. In addition, N-terminal sequence fragments of ArAT I and ArAT II were determined using the Edman degradation method. Based on the analyses performed, the studied proteins were identified as products of the tyrB-2 and phhC genes, and the presence of these genes in the investigated bacterial strain was confirmed using molecular biology methods. Extensive analysis of the substrate specificities of ArAT I and ArAT II revealed that both enzymes most efficiently catalyzed reactions involving aromatic amino acids and 2-oxoacids followed by dicarboxylic compounds. The best substrates for ArAT I and ArAT II were L-phenylalanine and phenylpyruvate. Based on these results, the studied proteins were classified as aromatic amino acid aminotransferase isozymes.
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27
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Kulkarni GB, Nayak AS, Sajjan SS, Oblesha A, Karegoudar TB. Indole-3-acetic acid biosynthetic pathway and aromatic amino acid aminotransferase activities in Pantoea dispersa strain GPK. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 56:340-7. [PMID: 23448265 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This investigation deals with the production of IAA by a bacterial isolate Pantoea dispersa strain GPK (PDG) identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. HPLC and Mass spectral analysis of metabolites from bacterial spent medium revealed that, IAA production by PDG is Trp-dependent and follows indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA) pathway. Substrate specificity study of aromatic amino acid aminotransferase (AAT) showed high activities, only when tryptophan (Trp) and α-ketoglutarate (α-kg) were used as substrates. AAT is highly specific for Trp and α-kg as amino group donor and acceptor, respectively. The effect of exogenous IAA on bacterial growth was established. Low concentration of exogenous IAA induced the growth, whereas high concentration decreased the growth of bacterium. PDG treatment significantly increased the root length, shoot length and dry mass of the chickpea and pigeon pea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India
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28
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Silva MCP, Figueiredo AF, Andreote FD, Cardoso EJBN. Plant growth promoting bacteria in Brachiaria brizantha. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 29:163-71. [PMID: 22987328 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Brachiaria brizantha is considered one of the preferred fodders among farmers for having high forage yield and large production of root mass. The association of beneficial bacteria with these grasses can be very valuable in the recovery of the pasture areas with nutritional deficiency. With the aim of studying this possibility, we carried out the sampling of soil and roots of B. brizantha in three areas (Nova Odessa-SP, São Carlos-SP and Campo Verde-MT, Brazil). Seventy-two bacterial strains were isolated and used in tests to evaluate their biotechnological potential. Almost all isolates presented at least one positive feature. Sixty-eight isolates produced analogues of indole-3-acetic acid, ten showed nitrogenase activity when subjected to the method of increasing the concentration of total nitrogen (total N) in the culture medium and sixty-five isolates showed nitrogenase activity when subjected to acetylene reduction technique. The partial sequencing of 16S rRNA of these isolates allowed the identification of seven main groups, with the prevalence of those affiliated to the genus Stenotrophomonas (69 %). At the end, this work elected the strains C4 (Pseudomonadaceae) and C7 (Rhodospirillaceae) as promising organisms for the development of inoculants due to their higher nitrogenase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylenne Calciolari Pinheiro Silva
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, São Paulo State University/College of Agriculture, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 09, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
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29
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Szkop M, Sikora P, Orzechowski S. A novel, simple, and sensitive colorimetric method to determine aromatic amino acid aminotransferase activity using the Salkowski reagent. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2011; 57:1-4. [PMID: 22130693 PMCID: PMC3297745 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-011-0089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the development of a new colorimetric assay to determine aromatic amino acid aminotransferase (ArAT) activity. The assay is based on the transamination of L-tryptophan in the presence of 2-oxoglutarate, which yields indole-3-pyruvate (IPyA). The amount of IPyA formed was quantified by reaction with the Salkowski reagent. Optimized assay conditions are presented for ArAT isozymes isolated from Pseudomonas putida. For comparative purposes, ArAT activity was also determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. ArAT activity staining in polyacrylamide gels with the Salkowski reagent is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szkop
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW, Poland.
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30
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He W, Brumos J, Li H, Ji Y, Ke M, Gong X, Zeng Q, Li W, Zhang X, An F, Wen X, Li P, Chu J, Sun X, Yan C, Yan N, Xie DY, Raikhel N, Yang Z, Stepanova AN, Alonso JM, Guo H. A small-molecule screen identifies L-kynurenine as a competitive inhibitor of TAA1/TAR activity in ethylene-directed auxin biosynthesis and root growth in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:3944-60. [PMID: 22108404 PMCID: PMC3246337 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.089029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between phytohormones are crucial for plants to adapt to complex environmental changes. One example is the ethylene-regulated local auxin biosynthesis in roots, which partly contributes to ethylene-directed root development and gravitropism. Using a chemical biology approach, we identified a small molecule, l-kynurenine (Kyn), which effectively inhibited ethylene responses in Arabidopsis thaliana root tissues. Kyn application repressed nuclear accumulation of the ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) transcription factor. Moreover, Kyn application decreased ethylene-induced auxin biosynthesis in roots, and TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1/TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATEDs (TAA1/TARs), the key enzymes in the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway of auxin biosynthesis, were identified as the molecular targets of Kyn. Further biochemical and phenotypic analyses revealed that Kyn, being an alternate substrate, competitively inhibits TAA1/TAR activity, and Kyn treatment mimicked the loss of TAA1/TAR functions. Molecular modeling and sequence alignments suggested that Kyn effectively and selectively binds to the substrate pocket of TAA1/TAR proteins but not those of other families of aminotransferases. To elucidate the destabilizing effect of Kyn on EIN3, we further found that auxin enhanced EIN3 nuclear accumulation in an EIN3 BINDING F-BOX PROTEIN1 (EBF1)/EBF2-dependent manner, suggesting the existence of a positive feedback loop between auxin biosynthesis and ethylene signaling. Thus, our study not only reveals a new level of interactions between ethylene and auxin pathways but also offers an efficient method to explore and exploit TAA1/TAR-dependent auxin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Javier Brumos
- Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Hongjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92507
| | - Yusi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meng Ke
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinqi Gong
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qinglong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fengying An
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pengpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cunyu Yan
- National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nieng Yan
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - De-Yu Xie
- Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Natasha Raikhel
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92507
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92507
| | - Anna N. Stepanova
- Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Jose M. Alonso
- Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Hongwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
- Address correspondence to
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Venieraki A, Dimou M, Vezyri E, Kefalogianni I, Argyris N, Liara G, Pergalis P, Chatzipavlidis I, Katinakis P. Characterization of nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from field-grown barley, oat, and wheat. J Microbiol 2011; 49:525-34. [PMID: 21887633 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-011-0457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diazotrophic bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of field-grown Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, and Avena sativa grown in various regions of Greece. One isolate, with the highest nitrogen-fixation ability from each of the eleven rhizospheres, was selected for further characterisation. Diazotrophic strains were assessed for plant-growth-promoting traits such as indoleacetic acid production and phosphate solubilisation. The phylogenies of 16S rRNA gene of the selected isolates were compared with those based on dnaK and nifH genes. The constructed trees indicated that the isolates were members of the species Azospirillum brasilense, Azospirillum zeae, and Pseudomonas stutzeri. Furthermore, the ipdC gene was detected in all A. brasilence and one A. zeae isolates. The work presented here provides the first molecular genetic evidence for the presence of culturable nitrogen-fixing P. stutzeri and A. zeae associated with field-grown A. sativa and H. vulgare in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Venieraki
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos 11855, Athens, Greece
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Apine OA, Jadhav JP. Optimization of medium for indole-3-acetic acid production using Pantoea agglomerans strain PVM. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 110:1235-44. [PMID: 21332896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To optimize the medium components for the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by isolated bacterium Pantoea agglomerans strain PVM. METHODS AND RESULTS Present study deals with the production of an essential plant hormone IAA by a bacterial isolate P. agglomerans strain PVM identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The medium containing 8g l(-1) of meat extract and 1g l(-1) of l-tryptophan (precursor) at optimum pH 7, 30°C and 48-h incubation gave the maximum production of IAA (2·191 g l(-1) ). Effect of IAA synthesized on in vitro root induction in Nicotiana tobacum (leaf) explants was compared with that of control. IAA was characterized by high-performance thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. CONCLUSIONS Pantoea agglomerans strain PVM was a good candidate for the inexpensive and utmost production of IAA in short period, as it requires simple medium (meat extract and l-tryptophan). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The present report first time showed the rapid, cost-effective and maximum production of IAA. No reports are available on the optimization of particular medium components for the production of IAA. This study demonstrates a novel approach for in vitro root induction in N. tobacum (leaf) explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Apine
- Department of Biotechnology Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India
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Singh RP, Bijo AJ, Baghel RS, Reddy CRK, Jha B. Role of bacterial isolates in enhancing the bud induction in the industrially important red alga Gracilaria dura. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011; 76:381-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Ge SM, Tao L, Chen SF. Expression and functional analysis of aminotransferase involved in indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in Azospirillum brasilense Yu62. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2009; 74:81-4. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629790901012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Pokethitiyook P, Poolpak T, Tanhan P, Siangjaeo S, Mahakittikun P. Enhancement of zinc and cadmium uptake in Brassicaceae plants by Rhizosphere bacteria. J Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Mattos KA, Pádua VL, Romeiro A, Hallack LF, Neves BC, Ulisses TM, Barros CF, Todeschini AR, Previato JO, Mendonça-Previato L. Endophytic colonization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by the diazotrophic bacterium Burkholderia kururiensis and its ability to enhance plant growth. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2008; 80:477-93. [DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652008000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia kururiensis is a diazotrophic bacterium originally isolated from a polluted aquifer environment and presents a high level of similarity with the rice endophyte "B. brasilensis" species. This work assessed the ability of B. kururiensis to endophytically colonize rice plantlets by monitoring different tissues of root-inoculated plants for the presence of bacterial growth in different media, electron microscopy and by 16S rDNA analysis. Observations of roots, stems and leaves of inoculated rice plantlets by electron microscopy revealed B. kururiensis colonization predominantly on root hair zones, demonstrating endophytic colonization primarily through the endodermis, followed by spreading into xylem vessels, a possible pathway leading to aerial parts. Although indifferent for the bacterial growth itself, addition of a nitrogen source was a limiting factor for endophytic colonization. As endophytic colonization was directly associated to an enhanced plant development, production of phytohormone auxin/indole-3-acetic acid by B. kururiensis was assayed with transgenic rice plantlets containing an auxin-responsive reporter (DR5-GUS). Our findings suggest the ability of auxin production by plant-associated B. kururiensis which may have a stimulatory effect on plant development, as evidenced by activation of DR5-GUS. We hereby demonstrate, for the first time, the ability of B. kururiensis to endophytically colonize rice, promoting both plant growth and rice grain yield.
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37
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Stepanova AN, Robertson-Hoyt J, Yun J, Benavente LM, Xie DY, Doležal K, Schlereth A, Jürgens G, Alonso JM. TAA1-Mediated Auxin Biosynthesis Is Essential for Hormone Crosstalk and Plant Development. Cell 2008; 133:177-91. [PMID: 18394997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 715] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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38
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Pedraza RO. Recent advances in nitrogen-fixing acetic acid bacteria. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 125:25-35. [PMID: 18177965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential plant nutrient, widely applied as N-fertilizer to improve yield of agriculturally important crops. An interesting alternative to avoid or reduce the use of N-fertilizers could be the exploitation of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), capable of enhancing growth and yield of many plant species, several of agronomic and ecological significance. PGPB belong to diverse genera, including Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Herbaspirillum, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Gluconacetobacter, among others. They are capable of promoting plant growth through different mechanisms including (in some cases), the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), the enzymatic reduction of the atmospheric dinitrogen (N(2)) to ammonia, catalyzed by nitrogenase. Aerobic bacteria able to oxidize ethanol to acetic acid in neutral or acid media are candidates of belonging to the family Acetobacteraceae. At present, this family has been divided into ten genera: Acetobacter, Gluconacetobacter, Gluconobacter, Acidomonas, Asaia, Kozakia, Saccharibacter, Swaminathania, Neoasaia, and Granulibacter. Among them, only three genera include N(2)-fixing species: Gluconacetobacter, Swaminathania and Acetobacter. The first N(2)-fixing acetic acid bacterium (AAB) was described in Brazil. It was found inside tissues of the sugarcane plant, and first named as Acetobacter diazotrophicus, but then renamed as Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. Later, two new species within the genus Gluconacetobacter, associated to coffee plants, were described in Mexico: G. johannae and G. azotocaptans. A salt-tolerant bacterium named Swaminathania salitolerans was found associated to wild rice plants. Recently, N(2)-fixing Acetobacter peroxydans and Acetobacter nitrogenifigens, associated with rice plants and Kombucha tea, respectively, were described in India. In this paper, recent advances involving nitrogen-fixing AAB are presented. Their natural habitats, physiological and genetic aspects, as well as their association with different plants and contribution through BNF are described as an overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl O Pedraza
- Departamento de Ecología, Microbiología Agrícola. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Av. Roca 1900, (4000) Tucumán, Argentina.
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Kim J, Kyung D, Yun H, Cho BK, Seo JH, Cha M, Kim BG. Cloning and characterization of a novel beta-transaminase from Mesorhizobium sp. strain LUK: a new biocatalyst for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure beta-amino acids. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:1772-82. [PMID: 17259358 PMCID: PMC1828820 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02119-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 01/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel beta-transaminase gene was cloned from Mesorhizobium sp. strain LUK. By using N-terminal sequence and an internal protein sequence, a digoxigenin-labeled probe was made for nonradioactive hybridization, and a 2.5-kb gene fragment was obtained by colony hybridization of a cosmid library. Through Southern blotting and sequence analysis of the selected cosmid clone, the structural gene of the enzyme (1,335 bp) was identified, which encodes a protein of 47,244 Da with a theoretical pI of 6.2. The deduced amino acid sequence of the beta-transaminase showed the highest sequence similarity with glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminomutase of transaminase subgroup II. The beta-transaminase showed higher activities toward d-beta-aminocarboxylic acids such as 3-aminobutyric acid, 3-amino-5-methylhexanoic acid, and 3-amino-3-phenylpropionic acid. The beta-transaminase has an unusually broad specificity for amino acceptors such as pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate/oxaloacetate. The enantioselectivity of the enzyme suggested that the recognition mode of beta-aminocarboxylic acids in the active site is reversed relative to that of alpha-amino acids. After comparison of its primary structure with transaminase subgroup II enzymes, it was proposed that R43 interacts with the carboxylate group of the beta-aminocarboxylic acids and the carboxylate group on the side chain of dicarboxylic alpha-keto acids such as alpha-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate. R404 is another conserved residue, which interacts with the alpha-carboxylate group of the alpha-amino acids and alpha-keto acids. The beta-transaminase was used for the asymmetric synthesis of enantiomerically pure beta-aminocarboxylic acids. (3S)-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid was produced from the ketocarboxylic acid ester substrate by coupled reaction with a lipase using 3-aminobutyric acid as amino donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Schwab S, Ramos HJ, Souza EM, Pedrosa FO, Yates MG, Chubatsu LS, Rigo LU. Identification of NH4+-regulated genes of Herbaspirillum seropedicae by random insertional mutagenesis. Arch Microbiol 2007; 187:379-86. [PMID: 17323064 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-006-0202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Random mutagenesis using transposons with promoterless reporter genes has been widely used to examine differential gene expression patterns in bacteria. Using this approach, we have identified 26 genes of the endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacterium Herbaspirillum seropedicae regulated in response to ammonium content in the growth medium. These include nine genes involved in the transport of nitrogen compounds, such as the high-affinity ammonium transporter AmtB, and uptake systems for alternative nitrogen sources; nine genes coding for proteins responsible for restoring intracellular ammonium levels through enzymatic reactions, such as nitrogenase, amidase, and arginase; and a third group includes metabolic switch genes, coding for sensor kinases or transcription regulation factors, whose role in metabolism was previously unknown. Also, four genes identified were of unknown function. This paper describes their involvement in response to ammonium limitation. The results provide a preliminary profile of the metabolic response of Herbaspirillum seropedicae to ammonium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schwab
- Núcleo de Fixação de Nitrogênio, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19046, CEP 81.531-990 Curitiba-PR, Brazil
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Lalucat J, Bennasar A, Bosch R, García-Valdés E, Palleroni NJ. Biology of Pseudomonas stutzeri. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2006; 70:510-47. [PMID: 16760312 PMCID: PMC1489536 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00047-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas stutzeri is a nonfluorescent denitrifying bacterium widely distributed in the environment, and it has also been isolated as an opportunistic pathogen from humans. Over the past 15 years, much progress has been made in elucidating the taxonomy of this diverse taxonomical group, demonstrating the clonality of its populations. The species has received much attention because of its particular metabolic properties: it has been proposed as a model organism for denitrification studies; many strains have natural transformation properties, making it relevant for study of the transfer of genes in the environment; several strains are able to fix dinitrogen; and others participate in the degradation of pollutants or interact with toxic metals. This review considers the history of the discovery, nomenclatural changes, and early studies, together with the relevant biological and ecological properties, of P. stutzeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lalucat
- Department de Biologia, Microbiologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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42
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Karadeniz A, Topcuoğlu Ş, İnan S. Auxin, Gibberellin, Cytokinin and Abscisic Acid Production in Some Bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-005-4561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Somers E, Ptacek D, Gysegom P, Srinivasan M, Vanderleyden J. Azospirillum brasilense produces the auxin-like phenylacetic acid by using the key enzyme for indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:1803-10. [PMID: 15812004 PMCID: PMC1082559 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.4.1803-1810.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2004] [Accepted: 10/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An antimicrobial compound was isolated from Azospirillum brasilense culture extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography and further identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as the auxin-like molecule, phenylacetic acid (PAA). PAA synthesis was found to be mediated by the indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase, previously identified as a key enzyme in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production in A. brasilense. In minimal growth medium, PAA biosynthesis by A. brasilense was only observed in the presence of phenylalanine (or precursors thereof). This observation suggests deamination of phenylalanine, decarboxylation of phenylpyruvate, and subsequent oxidation of phenylacetaldehyde as the most likely pathway for PAA synthesis. Expression analysis revealed that transcription of the ipdC gene is upregulated by PAA, as was previously described for IAA and synthetic auxins, indicating a positive feedback regulation. The synthesis of PAA by A. brasilense is discussed in relation to previously reported biocontrol properties of A. brasilense.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Somers
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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