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Câmara JS, Perestrelo R, Ferreira R, Berenguer CV, Pereira JAM, Castilho PC. Plant-Derived Terpenoids: A Plethora of Bioactive Compounds with Several Health Functions and Industrial Applications-A Comprehensive Overview. Molecules 2024; 29:3861. [PMID: 39202940 PMCID: PMC11357518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are a large class of natural secondary plant metabolites which are highly diverse in structure, formed from isoprene units (C-5), associated with a wide range of biological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anticancer, antimetastatic, antiangiogenesis, and apoptosis induction, and are considered for potential application in the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and medical industries. In plants, terpenoids exert a variety of basic functions in growth and development. This review gives an overview, highlighting the current knowledge of terpenoids and recent advances in our understanding of the organization, regulation, and diversification of core and specialized terpenoid metabolic pathways and addressing the most important functions of volatile and non-volatile specialized terpenoid metabolites in plants. A comprehensive description of different aspects of plant-derived terpenoids as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds, their biosynthetic pathway, the several biological properties attributed to these secondary metabolites associated with health-promoting effects, and their potential industrial applications in several fields will be provided, and emerging and green extraction methods will also be discussed. In addition, future research perspectives within this framework will be highlighted. Literature selection was carried out using the National Library of Medicine, PubMed, and international reference data for the period from 2010 to 2024 using the keyword "terpenoids". A total of 177,633 published papers were found, of which 196 original and review papers were included in this review according to the criteria of their scientific reliability, their completeness, and their relevance to the theme considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S. Câmara
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Rui Ferreira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Cristina V. Berenguer
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Jorge A. M. Pereira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Paula C. Castilho
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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Zuzarte M, Sousa C, Alves-Silva J, Salgueiro L. Plant Monoterpenes and Essential Oils as Potential Anti-Ageing Agents: Insights from Preclinical Data. Biomedicines 2024; 12:365. [PMID: 38397967 PMCID: PMC10886757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a natural process characterized by a time-dependent decline of physiological integrity that compromises functionality and inevitably leads to death. This decline is also quite relevant in major human pathologies, being a primary risk factor in neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases and musculoskeletal disorders. Bearing this in mind, it is not surprising that research aiming at improving human health during this process has burst in the last decades. Importantly, major hallmarks of the ageing process and phenotype have been identified, this knowledge being quite relevant for future studies towards the identification of putative pharmaceutical targets, enabling the development of preventive/therapeutic strategies to improve health and longevity. In this context, aromatic plants have emerged as a source of potential bioactive volatile molecules, mainly monoterpenes, with many studies referring to their anti-ageing potential. Nevertheless, an integrated review on the current knowledge is lacking, with several research approaches studying isolated ageing hallmarks or referring to an overall anti-ageing effect, without depicting possible mechanisms of action. Herein, we aim to provide an updated systematization of the bioactive potential of volatile monoterpenes on recently proposed ageing hallmarks, and highlight the main mechanisms of action already identified, as well as possible chemical entity-activity relations. By gathering and categorizing the available scattered information, we also aim to identify important research gaps that could help pave the way for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Zuzarte
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.A.-S.); (L.S.)
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia Sousa
- iNOVA4HEALTH, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS/FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1159-056 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Centro Clínico e Académico de Lisboa, 1156-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Alves-Silva
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.A.-S.); (L.S.)
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.A.-S.); (L.S.)
- Univ Coimbra, Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability (CERES), Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Mathur A, Meena A, Luqman S. Monoterpenoids: An upcoming class of therapeutic agents for modulating cancer metastasis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:939-969. [PMID: 38102850 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenoids, a sub-class of terpenoids, are secondary metabolites frequently extracted from the essential oils of aromatic plants. Their antitumor properties including antiproliferative, apoptotic, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic effects along with other biological activities have been the subject of extensive study due to their diverse characteristics. In recent years, numerous investigations have been conducted to understand its potential anticancer impacts, specifically focusing on antiproliferative and apoptotic mechanisms. Metastasis, a malignancy hallmark, can exert either protective or destructive influences on tumor cells. Despite this, the potential antimetastatic and antiangiogenic attributes of monoterpenoids need further exploration. This review focuses on specific monoterpenoids, examining their effects on metastasis and relevant signaling pathways. The monoterpenoids exhibit a high level of complexity as natural products that regulate metastatic proteins through various signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/jun N-terminal kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, vascular endothelial growth factor, and epithelial mesenchymal transition process. Additionally, this review delves into the biosynthesis and classification of monoterpenoids, their potential antitumor impacts on cell lines, the plant sources of monoterpenoids, and the current status of limited clinical trials investigating their efficacy against cancer. Moreover, monoterpenoids depict promising potential in preventing cancer metastasis, however, inadequate clinical trials limit their drug usage. State-of-the-art techniques and technologies are being employed to overcome the challenges of utilizing monoterpenoids as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mathur
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Roman H, Niculescu AG, Lazăr V, Mitache MM. Antibacterial Efficiency of Tanacetum vulgare Essential Oil against ESKAPE Pathogens and Synergisms with Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1635. [PMID: 37998837 PMCID: PMC10669310 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants with multiple targets of action have become one of the most promising solutions in the fight against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. Tanacetum vulgare (Tansy) is one of the medicinal plants with antibacterial qualities that deserve to be studied. Thus, this research takes a closer look at tansy extract's composition and antibacterial properties, aiming to highlight its potential against clinically relevant bacterial strains. In this respect, the antibacterial test was performed against several drug-resistant pathogenic strains, and we correlated them with the main isolated compounds, demonstrating the therapeutic properties of the extract. The essential oil was extracted via hydrodistillation, and its composition was characterized via gas chromatography. The main isolated compounds known for their antibacterial effects were α-Thujone, β-Thujone, Eucalyptol, Sabinene, Chrysanthenon, Camphor, Linalool oxide acetate, cis-Carveol, trans-Carveyl acetate, and Germacrene. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer and binary microdilution methods on Gram-positive and Gram-negative MDR strains belonging to the ESKAPE group (i.e., Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.). Tansy essential oil showed MIC values ranging from 62.5 to 500 μg/mL against the tested strains. Synergistic activity with different classes of antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams, aminoglycosides, and quinolones) has also been noted. The obtained results demonstrate that tansy essential oil represents a promising lead for developing new antimicrobials active against MDR alone or in combination with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horațiu Roman
- Interdisciplinary School of Doctoral Studies (ISDS), University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Veronica Lazăr
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
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Jažo Z, Glumac M, Paštar V, Bektić S, Radan M, Carev I. Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Salvia officinalis L. Essential Oil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091794. [PMID: 37176852 PMCID: PMC10181471 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In our study, we investigated the chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of essential oils isolated from Dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L.) collected along the Adriatic coast of Croatia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphology of the stem and leaf surfaces. Essential oil excretory glands were detected on both the leaves and stem surfaces. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation, and their chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sage essential oils were mixtures of terpene compounds, among which the most common were: α- and β-thujone, camphor, and 1,8-cineol. Cytotoxic activity was tested using MTS assay on multiple cell lines: normal and immortalized fibroblasts (HF77FA and HDF-Tert), immortalized lung line (BEAS-2B), and breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231). The growth of treated cells was determined relative to control conditions without treatment. The immortalized lung line was the least resistant to the activity of the essential oils, whereas immortalized fibroblasts were the most resistant. Statistical analysis has connected the cytotoxic effect and chemical composition of the studied essential oils. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first testing of the cytotoxic activity of S. officinalis EO's on the BEAS-2B, HF77FA, and HDF-Tert cell lines. The presented data on essential oil chemical composition and cytotoxic effect on 4 types of human cells supports pharmacotherapeutic potential this plant is known to have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir Jažo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Regional Laboratory Split, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Poljička Cesta 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Mateo Glumac
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Paštar
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Science, Meštrovićevo Šetalište 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Sanida Bektić
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuzla, Univerzitetska 4, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mila Radan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Carev
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Science, Meštrovićevo Šetalište 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
- NAOS Institute of Life Science, 355, Rue Pierre-Simon Laplace, 13290 Aix, France
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Naeem A, Hu P, Yang M, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhu W, Zheng Q. Natural Products as Anticancer Agents: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238367. [PMID: 36500466 PMCID: PMC9737905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been an invaluable and useful source of anticancer agents over the years. Several compounds have been synthesized from natural products by modifying their structures or by using naturally occurring compounds as building blocks in the synthesis of these compounds for various purposes in different fields, such as biology, medicine, and engineering. Multiple modern and costly treatments have been applied to combat cancer and limit its lethality, but the results are not significantly refreshing. Natural products, which are a significant source of new therapeutic drugs, are currently being investigated as potential cytotoxic agents and have shown a positive trend in preclinical research and have prompted numerous innovative strategies in order to combat cancer and expedite the clinical research. Natural products are becoming increasingly important for drug discovery due to their high molecular diversity and novel biofunctionality. Furthermore, natural products can provide superior efficacy and safety due to their unique molecular properties. The objective of the current review is to provide an overview of the emergence of natural products for the treatment and prevention of cancer, such as chemosensitizers, immunotherapeutics, combinatorial therapies with other anticancer drugs, novel formulations of natural products, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Pengyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation, Health Commission of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on Anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Correspondence:
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Tomita Y, Haraguchi N, Kiyota S, Komine N, Hirano M. Cobalt-Catalyzed Divergent Cycloadditions of Alkynes with Conjugated Dienes Yielding 3-Vinylcyclobutenes, Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenes, and Cyclohexa-1,4-dienes. Org Lett 2022; 24:7774-7778. [PMID: 36250622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A traditional cobalt catalyst system still contains undiscovered reactivity. Depending on the tertiary phosphines and substrates used, the catalytic system using CoBr2/tertiary phosphine/Zn/ZnI2 catalyzes divergent cycloadditions of internal alkynes with conjugated dienes, yielding 3-alkenylcyclobut-1-enes, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenes, and cyclohexa-1,4-dienes. A [CoBr2(PPh3)2]/Zn/ZnI2-catalyzed reaction of 3-hexyne (1a) with 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)butadiene (2a) at room temperature in CH2Cl2 exclusively produces a [2 + 2] cycloaddition product (E)-2-(2,3-diethylcyclobut-2-ene-1-yl)vinyl-4-methoxybenzene (3aa). When [CoBr2(dppp)]/Zn/ZnI2 is used as a catalyst, a bicyclic compound 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-diethylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene (4aa) is dominantly formed in a 77% yield. The CoBr2/dppe/Zn/ZnI2 system can undergo a [2 + 4] cycloaddition to yield 3-(4-anisyl)-1,2-diethylcyclohexa-1,4-diene (5aa) as the dominant product in 38% yield. The bite angles of the ligands used contribute significantly to this catalytic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tomita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Naoto Haraguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Sayori Kiyota
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Komine
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masafumi Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Pal A, Das S, Basu S, Kundu R. Apoptotic and autophagic death union by Thuja occidentalis homeopathic drug in cervical cancer cells with thujone as the bioactive principle. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:463-472. [PMID: 35752587 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE "Multi-targeting" drugs can prove fruitful to combat drug-resistance of multifactorial disease-cervical cancer. This study envisioned to reveal if Thuja homeopathic mother tincture (MT) and its bioactive component could combat human papillomavirus (HPV)-16-infected SiHa cervical cancer cells since it is globally acclaimed for HPV-mediated warts. METHODS Thuja MT was studied for its antiproliferative and antimigratory properties in SiHa cells followed by microscopic determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) staining and loss in mitochondrial membrane potential (MtMP) by rhodamine 123 (Rh123) staining. Apoptosis and autophagy inductions were studied by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and immunoblot analyses of marker proteins. The bioactive component of Thuja MT detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was studied for antiproliferative and antimigratory properties along with in silico prediction of its cellular targets by molecular docking and oral drug forming competency. RESULTS Thuja MT showed significant antiproliferative and antimigratory potential in SiHa cells at a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 17.3 µL/mL. An increase in DCFDA fluorescence and loss in Rh123 fluorescence prove that Thuja MT acted through the burst of ROS and loss in MtMP respectively. AO/EB-stained cells under the microscope and immunoblot analyses supported Thuja-induced cellular demise via dual pathways-apoptosis and autophagy. Immunoblots showed cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) along with upregulation of Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B)-II, and p62 proteins. Hence, the apoptotic cascade followed a caspase-3-dependent pathway supported by PARP-1 cleavage, while autophagic death was Beclin-1-dependent and mediated by accumulation of LC3BII and p62 proteins. Thujone, detected as the bioactive principle of Thuja MT, showed greater anti-proliferative and anti-migratory potential at an IC50 of 77 µg/mL, along with excellent oral drug competency with the ability for gastrointestinal absorption and blood-brain-barrier permeation with nil toxicity. Molecular docking depicted thujone with the strongest affinity for mammalian target of rapamycin, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and protein kinase B followed by B-cell lymphoma 2, murine double minute 2 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, which might act as upstream triggers of apoptotic-autophagic crosstalk. CONCLUSION Robust "multi-targeting" anticancer potential of Thuja drug and thujone for HPV-infected cervical cancer ascertained its therapeutic efficacy for HPV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Pal
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India
| | - Sucharita Das
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India
| | - Soumalee Basu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India
| | - Rita Kundu
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India.
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Loonat A, Chandran R, Pellow J, Abrahamse H. Photodynamic Effects of Thuja occidentalis on Lung Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928135. [PMID: 35910365 PMCID: PMC9334867 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence and mortality rates resulting from lung cancer encapsulate a need to identify more effective treatment protocols. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and homeopathy offer possible anticancer therapies as part of a multi-disciplinary approach. Studies have identified the anticancer effects of Thuja occidentalis L. plant extracts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Thuja occidentalis (TO) homeopathic mother tincture and TO mediated PDT (TO-PDT) on A549 lung cancer cells. Commercially available A549 cells were pre-treated with TO, or laser irradiation at 660 nm, or the combined treatment (TO-PDT). Cells were analyzed morphologically by inverted light microscopy and Hoechst stain; and biochemically by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and trypan blue assays. Cells treated with TO and TO-PDT demonstrated morphological changes in the cell and cell nuclei indicative of cell death. These groups exhibited a dose dependent increase in LDH release and a decrease in ATP levels and cell viability indicating its cytotoxic and antiproliferative potential. Furthermore, at the same doses, TO when photoactivated in PDT induced enhanced anticancer responses thereby surpassing the effects of treatment with the tincture alone. Results demonstrate how the direct cytotoxic effects of TO can be improved when administered as a photosensitizer in PDT to promote cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Loonat
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Complementary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rahul Chandran
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Rahul Chandran,
| | - Janice Pellow
- Department of Complementary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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A Narrative Review of the Antitumor Activity of Monoterpenes from Essential Oils: An Update. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6317201. [PMID: 35655488 PMCID: PMC9155973 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6317201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpenes are a group of natural products that have been widely studied due to their therapeutic potential against various pathologies. These compounds are abundant in the chemical composition of essential oils. Cancer is a term that covers more than 100 different types of malignant diseases and is among the leading causes of death in the world. Therefore, the search for new pharmacotherapeutic options applicable to cancer is urgent. In this review, studies on the antitumor activity of monoterpenes found in essential oils were selected, and botanical, chemical, and pharmacological aspects were discussed. The most investigated monoterpenes were carvacrol and linalool with highly significant in vitro and in vivo tumor inhibition in several types of cancers. The action mechanisms of these natural products are also presented and are wildly varied being apoptosis the most prevalent followed by cell cycle impairment, ROS production, autophagy, necroptosis, and others. The studies reported here confirm the antitumor properties of monoterpenes and their anticancer potential against various types of tumors, as demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo studies using various types of cancer cells and tumors in animal models. The data described serve as a reference for the advancement in the mechanistic studies of these compounds and in the preparation of synthetic derivatives or analogues with a better antitumor profile.
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Masyita A, Mustika Sari R, Dwi Astuti A, Yasir B, Rahma Rumata N, Emran TB, Nainu F, Simal-Gandara J. Terpenes and terpenoids as main bioactive compounds of essential oils, their roles in human health and potential application as natural food preservatives. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100217. [PMID: 35498985 PMCID: PMC9039924 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes and terpenoids are the main bioactive compounds of essential oils (EOs). EOs and their major constituents confer several biological activities. EOs are potential as natural food preservatives.
Essential oils (EOs) are volatile and concentrated liquids extracted from different parts of plants. Bioactive compounds found in EOs, especially terpenes and terpenoids possess a wide range of biological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiallergic. Available literature confirms that EOs exhibit antimicrobial and food preservative properties that are considered as a real potential application in food industry. Hence, the purpose of this review is to present an overview of current knowledge of EOs for application in pharmaceutical and medical industries as well as their potential as food preservatives in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayu Masyita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Reka Mustika Sari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20222, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.,Cellulosic and Functional Materials Research Centre, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No.1, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Ayun Dwi Astuti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Budiman Yasir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.,Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, Makassar 90242, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Nur Rahma Rumata
- Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, Makassar 90242, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E32004 Ourense, Spain
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Sharma M, Grewal K, Jandrotia R, Batish DR, Singh HP, Kohli RK. Essential oils as anticancer agents: Potential role in malignancies, drug delivery mechanisms, and immune system enhancement. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112514. [PMID: 34963087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer retains a central place in fatality rates among the wide variety of diseases known world over, and the conventional synthetic medicaments, albeit used until now, produce numerous side effects. As a result, newer, better, and safer alternatives such as natural plant products, are gravely required. Essential oils (EOs) offer a plethora of bioactivities including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, therefore, the use of EOs in combination with synthetic drugs or aromatherapy continues to be popular in many settings. In view of the paramount importance of EOs and their potential bioactivities, this review summarizes the current knowledge on the interconnection between EOs and cancer treatment. In particular, the current review presents an updated summary of the chemical composition of EOs, their current applications in cancer treatments based on clinical studies, and the mechanism of action against the cancer cell lines. Similarly, an overview of using EOs in aromatherapy and enhancing immunity during cancer treatment is provided. Further, this review focuses on the recent technological advancements such as the loading of EOs using protein microspheres, ligands, or nanoemulsions/nanoencapsulation, which offer multiple benefits in cancer treatment via site-specific and target-oriented delivery of drugs. The continuing clinical studies of EOs implicate that their pharmacological applications are a rewarding research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Kamaljit Grewal
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Rupali Jandrotia
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | | | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India.
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Nakano D, Ishitsuka K, Ishihara M, Tsuchihashi R, Okawa M, Tamura K, Kinjo J. Screening of Promising Chemotherapeutic Candidates from Plants against Human Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (VII): Active Principles from Thuja occidentalis L. Molecules 2021; 26:7619. [PMID: 34946696 PMCID: PMC8707666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the screening of novel chemotherapeutic candidates from plants against adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, we identified that the extracts of Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) showed potent anti-proliferative activity in MT-1 and MT-2 cells. Therefore, we attempted to isolate the active components from this plant. We isolated and identified 32 compounds (1-32; eight lignans, 18 terpenoids, and six flavonoids) from the extracts of the leaves and cones. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis. Several of the isolated compounds inhibited the growth of both cell lines. Lignans showed more potent activity than other classes of compounds. A comparison of the activities of compounds 1-8 revealed that the presence of a trans-lactone (linkage of C-6 to C-7) correlated with increased activity. Diterpenes showed moderate activity, and the presence of a ketone moiety at the C-7 position correlated with increased activity in compounds 12-21. In addition, biflavones showed moderate activity, and the presence of methoxy functions appeared to influence the activity of these compounds. Several lignans were lead compound of anti-cancer reagent (etoposide). In conclusion, not only lignans, but also diterpenes and/or biflavones, may be promising candidates for the treatment of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nakano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (D.N.); (M.I.); (R.T.); (J.K.)
| | - Kenji Ishitsuka
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Madoka Ishihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (D.N.); (M.I.); (R.T.); (J.K.)
| | - Ryota Tsuchihashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (D.N.); (M.I.); (R.T.); (J.K.)
| | - Masafumi Okawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (D.N.); (M.I.); (R.T.); (J.K.)
| | - Kazuo Tamura
- Division of Medical Oncology, Hematology and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;
| | - Junei Kinjo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (D.N.); (M.I.); (R.T.); (J.K.)
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The influence of IONPs core size on their biocompatibility and activity in in vitro cellular models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21808. [PMID: 34750434 PMCID: PMC8576000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the key factor affecting the biocompatibility of IONPs is the core size, there is a lack of regular investigation concerning the impact of the parameter on the toxicity of these nanomaterials. Therefore, such studies were carried out in this paper. Their purpose was to compare the influence of PEG-coated-magnetite NPs with the core of 5, 10 and 30 nm on six carefully selected cell lines. The proliferation rate, viability, metabolic activity, migration activity, ROS levels and cytoskeleton architecture of cells have been evaluated for specified incubation periods. These were 24 and 72-h long incubations with IONPs administered in two doses: 5 and 25 µg Fe/ml. A decrease in viability was observed after exposure to the tested NPs for all the analyzed cell lines. This effect was not connected with core diameter but depended on the exposure time to the nanomaterials. IONPs increased not only the proliferation rate of macrophages-being phagocytic cells-but also, under certain conditions stimulated tumor cell divisions. Most likely, the increase in proliferation rate of macrophages contributed to the changes in the architecture of their cytoskeleton. The growth in the level of ROS in cells had been induced mainly by the smallest NPs. This effect was observed for HEK293T cells and two cancerous lines: U87MG (at both doses tested) and T98G (only for the higher dose). This requires further study concerning both potential toxicity of such IONPs to the kidneys and assessing their therapeutic potential in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.
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Liu Y, He Y, Wang F, Xu R, Yang M, Ci Z, Wu Z, Zhang D, Lin J. From longevity grass to contemporary soft gold: Explore the chemical constituents, pharmacology, and toxicology of Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & vaniot essential oil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114404. [PMID: 34246739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot is known as the longevity grass in eastern countries for its warm effect to cure many cold diseases. It has been widely used in medicine, food, bathing, moxibustion, and fumigation for more than two thousand years. Nowadays it even becomes the cultural symbol of the Dragon Boat Festival. In traditional application, A. argyi is considered to be an important hemostatic drug and a common drug for gynecological diseases. In modern application, the Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot essential oil (AAEO) is regarded as the important medicinal substance of A. argyi, and has been made into many health products, forming a large-scale A. argyi industry. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to summarize the research status of AAEO and evaluate its application value. The manuscript focuses on the reported extraction methods, chemical components and influencing factors, pharmacological action, and toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the literature search, several databases, such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Elsevier, CNKI, and Wanfang, were searched for key words, including "Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot essential oil," "Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot," "cineole," "caryophyllene," "cyclamen," "borneol," and "camphor." RESULTS At present, more than 200 kinds of chemical components have been detected in AAEO, including terpenes, ketones (aldehydes), alcohols (phenols), acids (esters), alkanes (olefins) hydrocarbons, and so on. It has great anti-disease-resistant microorganism, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-cancer effects in clinical treatment and has good development potential and application prospects. CONCLUSION Present review provides an insight into chemical composition, extraction method, quality influencing factors, pharmacological action and toxicological action of AAEO. As an important traditional medicine herb, remarkable efficacy has been demonstrated in comprehensive literature reports, which has shown the great medicinal potential of this plant. However, the toxicity of AAEO cannot be ignored, the exact mechanism of action remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yanan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Zhimin Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Silva BIM, Nascimento EA, Silva CJ, Silva TG, Aguiar JS. Anticancer activity of monoterpenes: a systematic review. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5775-5785. [PMID: 34304392 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites have been recognized for centuries as medicinal agents, in particular monoterpenes which have been the target of research in the discovery of antineoplastic drugs, as they have potential antitumor effect and low toxicity and are used as additives in foods and cosmetics. Another advantage of monoterpenes is structural diversity, which gives greater plasticity when interacting with cells. The purpose of this review was to summarize and critically discuss the anticancer potential of monoterpenes and their respective mechanisms of action. A systematic review of articles in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct electronic databases was independently conducted by three reviewers using the combination of the following keywords: monoterpenes AND anticancer AND in vitro. Restriction in selecting articles followed pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria by the reviewers, and also a time limitation with works published between 2015 and 2019 being selected. In total, 39 works were deemed eligible for inclusion in the final review. Monoterpenes have cytotoxic activity in a wide variety of tumor cell lines, and mainly appear to exert this effect by inducing apoptosis caused by oxidative stress. In addition, improved use of monoterpenes when used in drug delivery systems and the synergistic effect with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs are reported. These findings validate this class of compounds as a promising source of chemotherapeutic drugs yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno I M Silva
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Erika A Nascimento
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Cleber J Silva
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Teresinha G Silva
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jaciana S Aguiar
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Agus HH, Kok G, Derinoz E, Oncel D, Yilmaz S. Involvement of Pca1 in ROS-mediated apoptotic cell death induced by alpha-thujone in the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 20:5826814. [PMID: 32347926 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-thujone, widely used in beverages (1-5 mg/kg), is known to have cytotoxic effects, but the mode of action and the role of potential apoptotic proteins in yeast cell death should be unraveled. In this study, we used Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which is a promising unicellular model organism in mechanistic toxicology and cell biology, to investigate the involvement of pro-apoptotic factors in alpha-thujone-induced cell death. We showed alpha-thujone-induced ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis. In addition, we used superoxide dismutase-deficient cells (sod1 and sod2 mutants) to understand the effect of oxidative stress. Alpha-thujone caused significant cytotoxicity and apoptotic cell death, particularly in sod mutants. Moreover, two potential apoptotic factors, pca1 and pnu1 (pombe caspase-1 and pombe nuc1) were investigated to understand which factor mediates alpha-thujone-induced cell death. Pca1-deficient cells showed increased survival rates and reduced apoptosis in comparison to parental cells after chemical treatment while pnu1 mutation did not cause any significant change and the response was found identical as of parental cells. Yeast responded to alpha-thujone in caspase-dependent manner which was very similar to that for acetic acid. In conclusion, alfa-thujone-induced apoptosis and accounting mechanisms, which were mediated by ROS and driven by Pca1, were clarified in the unicellular model, S. pombe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hizlan Hincal Agus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Kok
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Derinoz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Oncel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sedanur Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Temozolomide Induces the Acquisition of Invasive Phenotype by O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) + Glioblastoma Cells in a Snail-1/Cx43-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084150. [PMID: 33923767 PMCID: PMC8073161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) recurrences after temozolomide (TMZ) treatment result from the expansion of drug-resistant and potentially invasive GBM cells. This process is facilitated by O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT), which counteracts alkylating TMZ activity. We traced the expansion of invasive cell lineages under persistent chemotherapeutic stress in MGMTlow (U87) and MGMThigh (T98G) GBM populations to look into the mechanisms of TMZ-induced microevolution of GBM invasiveness. TMZ treatment induced short-term, pro-invasive phenotypic shifts of U87 cells, in the absence of Snail-1 activation. They were illustrated by a transient induction of their motility and followed by the hypertrophy and the signs of senescence in scarce U87 sub-populations that survived long-term TMZ stress. In turn, MGMThigh T98G cells reacted to the long-term TMZ treatment with the permanent induction of invasiveness. Ectopic Snail-1 down-regulation attenuated this effect, whereas its up-regulation augmented T98G invasiveness. MGMTlow and MGMThigh cells both reacted to the long-term TMZ stress with the induction of Cx43 expression. However, only in MGMThigh T98G populations, Cx43 was directly involved in the induction of invasiveness, as manifested by the induction of T98G invasiveness after ectopic Cx43 up-regulation and by the opposite effect after Cx43 down-regulation. Collectively, Snail-1/Cx43-dependent signaling participates in the long-term TMZ-induced microevolution of the invasive GBM front. High MGMT activity remains a prerequisite for this process, even though MGMT-related GBM chemoresistance is not necessary for its initiation.
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Amkiss S, Dalouh A, Idaomar M. Chemical composition, genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity study of Artemisia herba-alba using the eye and wing SMART assay of Drosophila melanogaster. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.102976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Thuja occidentalis L. (Cupressaceae): Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Biological Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225416. [PMID: 33228192 PMCID: PMC7699608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thuja occidentalis L. (Cupressaceae) has its origins in Eastern North America and is cultivated in Europe and Brazil as an ornamental tree, being known as the "tree of life" or "white cedar". In traditional medicine, it is commonly used to treat liver diseases, bullous bronchitis, psoriasis, enuresis, amenorrhea, cystitis, uterine carcinomas, diarrhea, and rheumatism. The chemical constituents of T. occidentalis have been of research interest for decades, due to their contents of essential oil, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, and proanthocyanidines. Pharmacology includes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiviral, protective activity of the gastrointestinal tract, radioprotection, antipyretic, and lipid metabolism regulatory activity. Therefore, the present review represents the synthesis of all the relevant information for T. occidentalis, its ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and a thorough analysis of their pharmacological activities, in order to promote all the biological activities shown so far, rather than the antitumor activity that has promoted it as a medicinal species.
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Lee JY, Park H, Lim W, Song G. Therapeutic potential of α,β-thujone through metabolic reprogramming and caspase-dependent apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1545-1558. [PMID: 33000501 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of α,β-thujone, a functional compound found in many medicinal plants of the Cupressaceae, Asteraceae, and Lamiaceae families, has been demonstrated, including in inflammation and cancers. However, its pharmacological functions and mechanisms of action in ovarian cancer remain unclear. We investigated the anticancer properties of α,β-thujone in ES2 and OV90 human ovarian cancer cells and its effect on sensitization to cisplatin. α,β-thujone inhibited cancer cell proliferation and induced cell death through caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Moreover, α,β-thujone-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress was associated with the loss of mitochondrial functions and altered metabolic landscape of ovarian cancer cells. α,β-Thujone attenuated blood vessel formation in transgenic zebrafish, implying it has significant antiangiogenic potential. In addition, α,β-thujone sensitized ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin, causing synergistic pharmacological effects. Collectively, our results suggest that α,β-thujone has therapeutic potential in human ovarian cancer and functions via regulating multiple intracellular stress-associated metabolic reprogramming and caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hahyun Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Janik-Olchawa N, Drozdz A, Ryszawy D, Pudełek M, Planeta K, Setkowicz Z, Śniegocki M, Żądło A, Ostachowicz B, Chwiej J. Comparison of ultrasmall IONPs and Fe salts biocompatibility and activity in multi-cellular in vitro models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15447. [PMID: 32963318 PMCID: PMC7508949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the paper, the results of the first regular studies of ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) toxicity in vitro were presented. The influence of PEG-coated NPs with 5 nm magnetite core on six different cell lines was examined. These were: human bronchial fibroblasts, human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T), two glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines as well as GBM cells isolated from a brain tumor of patient. Additionally, mouse macrophages were included in the study. The influence of IONPs in three different doses (1, 5 and 25 µg Fe/ml) on the viability, proliferation and migration activity of cells was assessed. Moreover, quantifying the intracellular ROS production, we determined the level of oxidative stress in cells exposed to IONPs. In the paper, for the first time, the effect of Fe in the form of IONPs was compared with the analogical data obtained for iron salts solutions containing the same amount of Fe, on the similar oxidation state. Our results clearly showed that the influence of iron on the living cells strongly depends not only on the used cell line, dose and exposure time but also on the form in which this element was administered to the culture. Notably, nanoparticles can stimulate the proliferation of some cell lines, including glioblastoma multiforme. Compared to Fe salts, they have a stronger negative impact on the viability of the cells tested. Ultra-small NPs, also, more often positively affect cell motility which seem to differ them from the NPs with larger core diameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Janik-Olchawa
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Drozdz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Damian Ryszawy
- Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Pudełek
- Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Planeta
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Setkowicz
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Żądło
- Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Ostachowicz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Chwiej
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland.
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Di Martile M, Garzoli S, Ragno R, Del Bufalo D. Essential Oils and Their Main Chemical Components: The Past 20 Years of Preclinical Studies in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092650. [PMID: 32948083 PMCID: PMC7565555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the last years, targeted therapy and immunotherapy modified the landscape for metastatic melanoma treatment. These therapeutic approaches led to an impressive improvement in patients overall survival. Unfortunately, the emergence of drug resistance and side effects occurring during therapy strongly limit the long-term efficacy of such treatments. Several preclinical studies demonstrate the efficacy of essential oils as antitumoral agents, and clinical trials support their use to reduce side effects emerging during therapy. In this review we have summarized studies describing the molecular mechanism through which essential oils induce in vitro and in vivo cell death in melanoma models. We also pointed to clinical trials investigating the use of essential oils in reducing the side effects experienced by cancer patients or those undergoing anticancer therapy. From this review emerged that further studies are necessary to validate the effectiveness of essential oils for the management of melanoma. Abstract The last two decades have seen the development of effective therapies, which have saved the lives of a large number of melanoma patients. However, therapeutic options are still limited for patients without BRAF mutations or in relapse from current treatments, and severe side effects often occur during therapy. Thus, additional insights to improve treatment efficacy with the aim to decrease the likelihood of chemoresistance, as well as reducing side effects of current therapies, are required. Natural products offer great opportunities for the discovery of antineoplastic drugs, and still represent a useful source of novel molecules. Among them, essential oils, representing the volatile fraction of aromatic plants, are always being actively investigated by several research groups and show promising biological activities for their use as complementary or alternative medicine for several diseases, including cancer. In this review, we focused on studies reporting the mechanism through which essential oils exert antitumor action in preclinical wild type or mutant BRAF melanoma models. We also discussed the latest use of essential oils in improving cancer patients’ quality of life. As evidenced by the many studies listed in this review, through their effect on apoptosis and tumor progression-associated properties, essential oils can therefore be considered as potential natural pharmaceutical resources for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.M.); (D.D.B.); Tel.: +39-0652666891 (M.D.M.); +39-0652662575 (D.D.B.)
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (R.R.)
| | - Rino Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (R.R.)
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.M.); (D.D.B.); Tel.: +39-0652666891 (M.D.M.); +39-0652662575 (D.D.B.)
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Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Piska K, Gunia-Krzyżak A, Bucki A, Jamrozik M, Lorenc E, Ryszawy D, Wójcik-Pszczoła K, Michalik M, Marona H, Kołaczkowski M, Pękala E. Cinnamic acid derivatives as chemosensitising agents against DOX-treated lung cancer cells - Involvement of carbonyl reductase 1. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 154:105511. [PMID: 32801001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) therapy is limited by both cancer cells resistance and cardiotoxicity. DOX biotransformation to doxorubicinol (DOXol) by reductases enzymes (mainly by CBR1; carbonyl reductase 1) is a key process responsible for DOX adverse effects development. Thus, inhibition of CBR1 can increase the therapeutic effect of DOX. In the present study, we used a group of new synthetized cinnamic acid (CA) derivatives to improve the effectiveness and safety profile of DOX therapy against cancer cells in vitro. The possible mechanism of CBR1 inhibition was simulated by molecular modelling studies. The kinetics of DOX reduction in the presence of active CA derivatives were measured in cytosols. The chemosensitising activity of CA derivatives including proapoptotic, anti-invasiveness activity were investigated in A549 lung cancer cell line. In our research 7 from 16 tested CA derivatives binded to the active site of CBR1 enzyme and improved DOX stability by inhibition of DOXol formation. Co-treatment of A549 cells with active CA derivatives and DOX induced cells apoptosis by activation of caspase cascade. At the same time we observed decrease of invasive properties (cell migration and transmigration assays) and the rearangments of F-actin cytoskeleton in CA derivatves + DOX treated cells. Meanwhile, control, human lung fibroblasts stay realtivelly unvulnerable and viable. New synthetized CA derivatives may inhibit the activity of CBR1 leading to the stabilization of DOX therapeutic levels in cancer cells and to protect the myocardium against DOXol cytotoxic effect. Favourable physicochemical properties supported by a safety profile and multidirectional chemosensitising activity render CA derivatives a promising group for the development of agent useful in combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kamil Piska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyżak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Bucki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Jamrozik
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Lorenc
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnoloy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Damian Ryszawy
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnoloy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Michalik
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnoloy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Henryk Marona
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna St 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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Anti-Cancer Potential of Cannabinoids, Terpenes, and Flavonoids Present in Cannabis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071985. [PMID: 32708138 PMCID: PMC7409346 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, and even more since its legalization in several jurisdictions, cannabis and the endocannabinoid system have received an increasing amount of interest related to their potential exploitation in clinical settings. Cannabinoids have been suggested and shown to be effective in the treatment of various conditions. In cancer, the endocannabinoid system is altered in numerous types of tumours and can relate to cancer prognosis and disease outcome. Additionally, cannabinoids display anticancer effects in several models by suppressing the proliferation, migration and/or invasion of cancer cells, as well as tumour angiogenesis. However, the therapeutic use of cannabinoids is currently limited to the treatment of symptoms and pain associated with chemotherapy, while their potential use as cytotoxic drugs in chemotherapy still requires validation in patients. Along with cannabinoids, cannabis contains several other compounds that have also been shown to exert anti-tumorigenic actions. The potential anti-cancer effects of cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids, present in cannabis, are explored in this literature review.
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Pudełek M, Król K, Catapano J, Wróbel T, Czyż J, Ryszawy D. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Augments the Invasive Potential of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells via the Activation of Collaborative EGFR/ROS-Dependent Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103605. [PMID: 32443749 PMCID: PMC7279139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal secretion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) by non-neuronal cells (e.g., glioma-associated microglia) establishes a feedback loop between glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) invasion and a functional disruption of brain tissue. Considering the postulated significance of this vicious circle for GBM progression, we scrutinized mechanisms of EGF-dependent pro-invasive signaling in terms of its interrelations with energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The effects of EGF on the invasiveness of human glioblastoma T98G cells were estimated using time-lapse video microscopy, immunocytochemistry, cell cycle assay, immunoblot analyses, and Transwell® assay. These techniques were followed by quantification of the effect of EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) and ROS inhibitors on the EGF-induced T98G invasiveness and intracellular ROS, ATP, and lactate levels and mitochondrial metabolism. The EGF remarkably augmented the proliferation and motility of the T98G cells. Responses of these cells were accompanied by cellular rear–front polarization, translocation of vinculin to the leading lamellae, and increased promptness of penetration of micropore barriers. Erlotinib (the EGFR inhibitor) significantly attenuated the EGF-induced T98G invasiveness and metabolic reprogramming of the T98G cells, otherwise illustrated by the increased mitochondrial activity, glycolysis, and ROS production in the EGF-treated cells. In turn, ROS inhibition by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) had no effect on T98G morphology, but considerably attenuated EGF-induced cell motility. Our data confirmed the EGFR/ROS-dependent pro-neoplastic and pro-invasive activity of EGF in human GBM. These EGF effects may depend on metabolic reprogramming of GBM cells and are executed by alternative ROS-dependent/-independent pathways. The EGF may thus preserve bioenergetic homeostasis of GBM cells in hypoxic regions of brain tissue.
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Genetic resources of Tunisian Artemisia arborescens L. (Asteraceae), pattern of volatile metabolites concentration and bioactivity and implication for conservation. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2019.103952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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β-Caryophyllene in the Essential Oil from Chrysanthemum Boreale Induces G 1 Phase Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203754. [PMID: 31635244 PMCID: PMC6832734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum boreale is a plant widespread in East Asia, used in folk medicine to treat various disorders, such as pneumonia, colitis, stomatitis, and carbuncle. Whether the essential oil from C. boreale (ECB) and its active constituents have anti-proliferative activities in lung cancer is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of ECB in A549 and NCI-H358 human lung cancer cells. Culture of A549 and NCI-H358 cells with ECB induced apoptotic cell death, as revealed by an increase in annexin V staining. ECB treatment reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), disrupted the balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, and activated caspase-8, -9, and -3, as assessed by western blot analysis. Interestingly, pretreatment with a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) significantly attenuated ECB-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of ECB identified six compounds. Among them, β-caryophyllene exhibited a potent anti-proliferative effect, and thus was identified as the major active compound. β- Caryophyllene induced G1 cell cycle arrest by downregulating cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) -2, -4, and -6, and RB phosphorylation, and by upregulating p21CIP1/WAF1 and p27KIP1. These results indicate that β-caryophyllene exerts cytotoxic activity in lung cancer cells through induction of cell cycle arrest.
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High bisphenol A concentrations augment the invasiveness of tumor cells through Snail-1/Cx43/ERRγ-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 62:104676. [PMID: 31629898 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is commonly present in plastics used for food storage and preservation. The release of BPA from these products results in a permanent human exposition to BPA; however, the quality and quantity of BPA adverse effects remain a matter of controversy. The common presence of BPA in the human environment and the controversies concerning the relations of human exposition to BPA and cancer incidence justify the research on the interactions between BPA and pro-metastatic signaling in cancer cells. Here, we describe a novel BPA-reactive signaling axis that induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. BPA exerted negligible effects on their properties in a wide range of concentrations (10 nM - 100 nM), whereas it considerably induced A549 invasiveness at high concentrations (10 μM). The BPA-induced EMT was illustrated by morphologic changes, E/N-cadherin switch and vimentin/Snail-1/connexin(Cx)43 up-regulation in A549 populations. It was followed by enhancement of A549 drug-resistance. Corresponding effects of BPA were observed in prostate cancer cell populations. Concomitantly, we observed increased levels and perinuclear accumulation of estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) in BPA-treated cells, its interactions with Cx43/Snail-1, and the corresponding effects of phenol red on A549 cells. Collectively, these data identify a novel, pro-metastatic Snail-1/Cx43/ERRγ signaling pathway. Its reactivity to BPA underlies the induction of cancer cells' invasiveness in the presence of high BPA concentrations in vitro. Thus, the chronic exposition of cancer cells to extrinsic and intrinsic BPA should be considered as a potential obstacle in a cancer therapy.
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Ryszawy D, Pudełek M, Catapano J, Ciarach M, Setkowicz Z, Konduracka E, Madeja Z, Czyż J. High doses of sodium ascorbate interfere with the expansion of glioblastoma multiforme cells in vitro and in vivo. Life Sci 2019; 232:116657. [PMID: 31306660 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Constant development of chemotherapeutic strategies has considerably improved the efficiency of tumor treatment. However, adverse effects of chemotherapeutics enforce premature treatment cessation, which leads to the tumor recurrence and accelerated death of oncologic patients. Recently, sodium ascorbate (ASC) has been suggested as a promising drug for the adjunctive chemotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and prostate cancer (PC). To estimate whether ASC can interfere with tumor recurrence between the first and second-line chemotherapy, we analyzed the effect of high ASC doses on the expansion of cells in vitro and in vivo. MAIN METHODS Brightfield microscopy-assisted approaches were used to estimate the effect of ASC (1-14 mM) on the morphology and invasiveness of human GBM, rat PC and normal mouse 3T3 cells, whereas cytostatic/pro-apoptotic activity of ASC was estimated with flow cytometry. These assays were complemented by the in vitro CellROX-assisted analyses of intracellular oxidative stress and in vivo estimation of GBM tumor invasion. KEY FINDINGS ASC considerably decreased the proliferation and motility of GBM and PC cells. This effect was accompanied by intracellular ROS over-production and necrotic death of tumor cells, apparently resulting from their "autoschizis". In vivo studies demonstrated the retardation of GBM tumor growth and invasion in the rats undergone intravenous ASC administration, in the absence of detectable systemic adverse effects of ASC. SIGNIFICANCE Our data support previous notions on anti-tumor activity of high ASC doses. However, autoschizis-related cell responses to ASC indicate that its application in human adjunctive tumor therapy should be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Ryszawy
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Maciej Pudełek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jessica Catapano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ciarach
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Biology, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Setkowicz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Biology, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Konduracka
- Coronary Disease Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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