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Jung YS, Radhakrishnan K, Hammad S, Müller S, Müller J, Noh JR, Kim J, Lee IK, Cho SJ, Kim DK, Kim YH, Lee CH, Dooley S, Choi HS. ERRγ-inducible FGF23 promotes alcoholic liver injury through enhancing CYP2E1 mediated hepatic oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103107. [PMID: 38479224 PMCID: PMC10950689 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a member of endocrine FGF family, along with FGF15/19 and FGF21. Recent reports showed that under pathological conditions, liver produces FGF23, although the role of hepatic FGF23 remains nebulous. Here, we investigated the role of hepatic FGF23 in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and delineated the underlying molecular mechanism. FGF23 expression was compared in livers from alcoholic hepatitis patients and healthy controls. The role of FGF23 was examined in hepatocyte-specific knock-out (LKO) mice of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R), estrogen related receptor γ (ERRγ), or FGF23. Animals were fed with an alcohol-containing liquid diet alone or in combination with ERRγ inverse agonist. FGF23 is mainly expressed in hepatocytes in the human liver, and it is upregulated in ALD patients. In mice, chronic alcohol feeding leads to liver damage and induced FGF23 in liver, but not in other organs. FGF23 is transcriptionally regulated by ERRγ in response to alcohol-mediated activation of the CB1R. Alcohol induced upregulation of hepatic FGF23 and plasma FGF23 levels is lost in ERRγ-LKO mice, and an inverse agonist mediated inhibition of ERRγ transactivation significantly improved alcoholic liver damage. Moreover, hepatic CYP2E1 induction in response to alcohol is FGF23 dependent. In line, FGF23-LKO mice display decreased hepatic CYP2E1 expression and improved ALD through reduced hepatocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress. We recognized CBIR-ERRγ-FGF23 axis in facilitating ALD pathology through hepatic CYP2E1 induction. Thus, we propose FGF23 as a potential therapeutic target to treat ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Seok Jung
- Host-derived Antiviral Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamalakannan Radhakrishnan
- Host-derived Antiviral Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3 (H42, Floor 4), 68167, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Sebastian Müller
- Center for Alcohol Research (CAR), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Müller
- Center for Alcohol Research (CAR), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Host-derived Antiviral Research Center, Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Steven Dooley
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3 (H42, Floor 4), 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- Host-derived Antiviral Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Jung YS, Radhakrishnan K, Kim HJ, Kim YH, Lee CH, Choi HS. Macrophage stimulating protein is a novel transcriptional target of estrogen related receptor gamma in alcohol-intoxicated mice. Cell Signal 2024; 116:111059. [PMID: 38237793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) is a multifunctional serum protein produced in the liver, belonging to the plasminogen-related kringle protein family. It exerts diverse biological functions by activating a transmembrane receptor protein-tyrosine kinase known as RON in humans and SKT in mice. MSP plays a pivotal role in innate immunity and is involved in various activities such as cell survival, migration, and phagocytosis. Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms governing MSP gene expression is of great importance. In this study, we comprehensively elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying hepatic MSP gene expression in response to alcoholism. Exposure to ethanol specifically upregulated the expression of ERRγ and MSP in the liver, while not in other organs. Liver-specific knockout of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R), an upstream regulator of ERRγ, inhibited the alcohol-induced upregulation of MSP expression. Overexpression of ERRγ alone was sufficient to enhance MSP expression in hepatic cell lines and in mice. Conversely, knockdown of ERRγ in cell lines or liver-specific knockout of ERRγ in mice reversed ethanol-induced MSP gene expression. Promoter studies revealed the direct binding of ERRγ to the MSP gene promoter at the ERR response element (ERRE), resulting in the positive regulation of MSP gene expression in response to alcohol. This finding was further supported by ERRE-mutated MSP-luciferase reporter assays. Notably, treatment with GSK5182, an ERRγ-specific inverse agonist, significantly suppressed alcohol-induced hepatic MSP expression. Collectively, we exposed a novel mechanistic understanding of how alcohol-induced ERRγ controls the transcriptional regulation of MSP gene expression in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Seok Jung
- Host-Directed Antiviral Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamalakannan Radhakrishnan
- Host-Directed Antiviral Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Host-Directed Antiviral Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- Host-Directed Antiviral Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Pathak RK, Kim JM. Structural insight into the mechanisms and interacting features of endocrine disruptor Bisphenol A and its analogs with human estrogen-related receptor gamma. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123549. [PMID: 38350536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a very important chemical from the commercial perspective. Many useful products are made from it, so its production is increasing day by day. It is widely known that Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogs are present in the environment and that they enter our body through various routes on a daily basis as we use things made of this chemical in our daily lives. BPA has already been reported to be an endocrine disruptor. Studies have shown that BPA binds strongly to the human estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) and is an important target of it. This study seeks to understand how it interacts with ERRγ. Molecular docking of BPA and its analogs with ERRγ was performed, and estradiol was taken as a reference. Then, physico-chemical and toxicological analysis of BPA compounds was performed. Subsequently, the dynamic behavior of ERRγ and ERRγ-BPA compound complexes was studied by molecular dynamics simulations over 500 ns, and using this simulated data, their binding energies were again calculated using the MM-PBSA method. We observed that the binding affinity of BPA and its analogs was much higher than that of estradiol, and apart from being toxic, they can be easily absorbed in our body as their physicochemical properties are similar to those of oral medicines. Therefore, this study facilitates the understanding of the structure-activity relationship of ERRγ and BPA compounds and provides information about the key amino acid residues of ERRγ that interact with BPA compounds, which can be helpful to design competitive inhibitors so that we can interrupt the interaction of BPA with ERRγ. In addition, it provides information on BPA and its analogs and will also be helpful in developing new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Pathak
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-Mo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Fan Y, Kim HJ, Seok Jung Y, Na SY, Radhakrishnan K, Sik Choi H. Chenodeoxycholic acid regulates fibroblast growth factor 23 gene expression via estrogen-related receptor γ in human hepatoma Huh7 cells. Steroids 2023:109257. [PMID: 37301529 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a glycoprotein that belongs to the FGF19 subfamily and participates in phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), one of the primary bile acids, is reported to induce the secretion of FGF19 subfamily members, FGF21 and FGF19, in hepatocytes. However, whether and how CDCA influences FGF23 gene expression are largely unknown. Thus, we performed real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of FGF23 in Huh7 cells. CDCA upregulated estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) alongside FGF23 mRNA and protein levels, while, the knockdown of ERRγ ablated the induction effect of CDCA on FGF23 expression. Promoter studies showed that CDCA-induced FGF23 promoter activity occurred partly through ERRγ binding directly to the ERR response element (ERRE) in the human FGF23 gene promoter. Finally, the inverse agonist of ERRγ, GSK5182 inhibited the induction of FGF23 by CDCA. Overall, our results revealed the mechanism of CDCA-mediated FGF23 gene upregulation in the human hepatoma cell line. Moreover, the ability of GSK5182 to reduce CDCA-induced FGF23 gene expression might represent a therapeutic strategy to control abnormal FGF23 induction in conditions that involve elevated levels of bile acids, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and biliary atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Fan
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Young Na
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamalakannan Radhakrishnan
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng Sik Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Chanda D, Thoudam T, Sinam IS, Lim CW, Kim M, Wang J, Lee KM, Ma J, Saxena R, Choi J, Oh CJ, Lee H, Jeon YH, Cho SJ, Jung HY, Park KG, Choi HS, Suh JM, Auwerx J, Ji B, Liangpunsakul S, Jeon JH, Lee IK. Upregulation of the ERRγ-VDAC1 axis underlies the molecular pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219644120. [PMID: 37155882 PMCID: PMC10193927 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219644120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggest that transcription factors play multiple roles in the development of pancreatitis, a necroinflammatory condition lacking specific therapy. Estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ), a pleiotropic transcription factor, has been reported to play a vital role in pancreatic acinar cell (PAC) homeostasis. However, the role of ERRγ in PAC dysfunction remains hitherto unknown. Here, we demonstrated in both mice models and human cohorts that pancreatitis is associated with an increase in ERRγ gene expression via activation of STAT3. Acinar-specific ERRγ haploinsufficiency or pharmacological inhibition of ERRγ significantly impaired the progression of pancreatitis both in vitro and in vivo. Using systematic transcriptomic analysis, we identified that voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) acts as a molecular mediator of ERRγ. Mechanistically, we showed that induction of ERRγ in cultured acinar cells and mouse pancreata enhanced VDAC1 expression by directly binding to specific site of the Vdac1 gene promoter and resulted in VDAC1 oligomerization. Notably, VDAC1, whose expression and oligomerization were dependent on ERRγ, modulates mitochondrial Ca2+ and ROS levels. Inhibition of the ERRγ-VDAC1 axis could alleviate mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation, ROS formation and inhibit progression of pancreatitis. Using two different mouse models of pancreatitis, we showed that pharmacological blockade of ERRγ-VDAC1 pathway has therapeutic benefits in mitigating progression of pancreatitis. Likewise, using PRSS1R122H-Tg mice to mimic human hereditary pancreatitis, we demonstrated that ERRγ inhibitor also alleviated pancreatitis. Our findings highlight the importance of ERRγ in pancreatitis progression and suggests its therapeutic intervention for prevention and treatment of pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Chanda
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - Themis Thoudam
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - Ibotombi Singh Sinam
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - Chae Won Lim
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - Myeongjin Kim
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL32066
| | - Kyeong-Min Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, South Korea
| | - Jing Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | - Romil Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | - Jinhyuk Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, South Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - Hoyul Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu41061, South Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu41061, South Korea
| | - Hoe-Yune Jung
- R&D Center NovMetaPharma Co. Ltd., Pohang37688, South Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, South Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41944, South Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju61186, South Korea
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, South Korea
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, LausanneCH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL32066
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu41404, South Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41404, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu41944, South Korea
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Fan Y, Na SY, Jung YS, Radhakrishnan K, Choi HS. Estrogen-related receptor γ ( ERRγ) is a key regulator of lysyl oxidase gene expression in mouse hepatocytes. Steroids 2023; 194:109226. [PMID: 36948345 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX), the copper-dependent extracellular enzyme, plays a critical role in the regulation of protein cross-linking in the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is also involved in liver regeneration and liver fibrosis. However, the mechanism of LOX regulation in mouse hepatocytes is still unclear. Here, we identify a molecular mechanism showing that orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) regulates LOX gene expression in the presence of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL6). IL6 significantly stimulated the expression of ERRγ and LOX in mouse hepatocytes. Overexpression of ERRγ increased LOX mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, knockdown of ERRγ attenuated IL6-mediated LOX gene expression at mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of ERRγ or IL6 treatment upregulated LOX gene promoter activity, while knockdown of ERRγ decreased the IL6-induced LOX promoter activity. Furthermore, GSK5182, a specific ERRγ inverse agonist, inhibited the induction effect of IL6 on LOX promoter activity and gene expression in mouse hepatocytes. Overall, our study elucidates the mechanism involved in the LOX gene regulation by nuclear receptor ERRγ in response to IL6 in mouse hepatocytes, suggesting that, in conditions such as chronic inflammation, IL6 may contribute to liver fibrosis via inducing LOX gene expression. Thus, LOX gene regulation by the inverse agonist of ERRγ can be applied to improve liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Fan
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Young Na
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamalakannan Radhakrishnan
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Gulwani D, Upadhyay P, Goel R, Sarangthem V, Debraj Singh T. Unfolding of Imminent Bio-Signatures in the Prognosis of Thyroid Cancer; The Emergence of Estrogen Related Receptor Gamma ( ERRγ) as a Hurricane. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:375-387. [PMID: 36853284 PMCID: PMC10162641 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.2.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer's incidence has increased by leaps and bounds over the last years and accounts for 2.8% of new cases of cancers. This increasing bar is partially assisted by enormous screening to understand the sub-clinical status. Advanced tumor growth is the leading cause of thyroid cancer-associated death. However, the complete understanding of the underlying cause is still to be disclosed. The updated clinical assessment evidenced a few major oncogenes viz. RAS, BRAF, and RET as key drivers in the development and progression of thyroid cancer. The BRAF mutation, a major cause of aggressive tumor type in papillary thyroid carcinoma, is frequently reported. The characteristic oncogenic changes imply thyroid cancer to be clinically an ideal model for targeted therapy against RET, RAS, and BRAF mutation. Though the sensitive biochemical marker assay has been improvised, the diagnosis of thyroid follicular neoplasms is still a big challenge as the biopsy aspiration cannot define the nature of the tumor in 30% of the cases. The main hurdle is assisted distinction between follicular thyroid lesions. The discrimination between follicular thyroid adenomas and carcinomas is histologically accomplished. This strictly necessitates the identification of sensitive diagnostic/prognostic markers to mitigate the risk of thyroid cancer and to avoid the unnecessary hurdles of biopsy and surgery. An array of prognostic biomarkers is being used for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. However, Estrogen Related Receptor Gamma (ERRγ) is setting a new benchmark among the clinical biomarkers. The dramatic expression of ERRγ in thyroid cancer enables itself not only to serve as a characteristic diagnostic marker but also as a therapeutic target. Recently, we have reported that ERRγ is upregulated in 96 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and 26 poorly differentiated/ anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) samples. Various synthetic ERRγ inverse agonists viz. GSK5182, DN200434, and 24e are fully proved to modulate ERRγ expression in ATC to attain partial cure. If this finding can be assayed on a larger scale the evaluation of this marker may be warranted and informative. This review article highlights the ascending sheds of clinical biomarkers of thyroid cancer. This also reveals the clinical importance of ERRγ as an evolving diagnostic and therapeutic target in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Gulwani
- Department of Medical Oncology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Upadhyay
- Department of Medical Oncology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ridhima Goel
- Department of Medical Oncology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijaya Sarangthem
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Thoudam Debraj Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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8
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Na SY, Kim KS, Jung YS, Kim DK, Kim J, Cho SJ, Lee IK, Chung J, Kim JS, Choi HS. An Inverse Agonist GSK5182 Increases Protein Stability of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor ERRγ via Inhibition of Ubiquitination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010096. [PMID: 36613556 PMCID: PMC9820335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor, estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) is a constitutively active transcription factor involved in mitochondrial metabolism and energy homeostasis. GSK5182, a specific inverse agonist of ERRγ that inhibits transcriptional activity, induces a conformational change in ERRγ, resulting in a loss of coactivator binding. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the stabilization of the ERRγ protein by its inverse agonist remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that GSK5182 inhibited ubiquitination of ERRγ, thereby stabilizing the ERRγ protein, using cell-based assays and confocal image analysis. Y326 of ERRγ was essential for stabilization by GSK5182, as ligand-induced stabilization of ERRγ was not observed with the ERRγ-Y326A mutant. GSK5182 suppressed ubiquitination of ERRγ by the E3 ligase Parkin and subsequent degradation. The inhibitory activity of GSK5182 was strong even when the ERRγ protein level was elevated, as ERRγ bound to GSK5182 recruited a corepressor, small heterodimer partner-interacting leucine zipper (SMILE), through the activation function 2 (AF-2) domain, without alteration of the nuclear localization or DNA-binding ability of ERRγ. In addition, the AF-2 domain of ERRγ was critical for the regulation of protein stability. Mutants in the AF-2 domain were present at higher levels than the wild type in the absence of GSK5182. Furthermore, the ERRγ-L449A/L451A mutant was no longer susceptible to GSK5182. Thus, the AF-2 domain of ERRγ is responsible for the regulation of transcriptional activity and protein stability by GSK5182. These findings suggest that GSK5182 regulates ERRγ by a unique molecular mechanism, increasing the inactive form of ERRγ via inhibition of ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Young Na
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyeong Chung
- SRC Center for Systems Geroscience, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-530-0503
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9
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Wang L, Qie Y, Yang Y, Zhao Q. Binding and Activation of Estrogen-Related Receptor γ: A Novel Molecular Mechanism for the Estrogenic Disruption Effects of DDT and Its Metabolites. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:12358-12367. [PMID: 35947429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
DDT and its metabolites (DDTs) can induce estrogenic effects. Previous mechanistic investigations mainly concentrated on activating the genomic transcription of estrogen receptor (ER) pathways. Here, we identified whether estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ), an orphan nuclear receptor, is a potential target of DDTs by receptor binding, transcriptional activity, and receptor-mediated pathway assays. Fluorescence polarization-based binding assays showed that all eight DDTs bound to ERRγ directly, with Kd values ranging from 0.73-168.82 μM. Among them, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol (4,4'-DDOH) exhibited the highest binding affinity, which was 2.5-fold stronger than GSK4716, a well-known ERRγ agonist. Eight DDTs exhibited agonistic activity toward the ERRγ pathway, with 4,4'-DDOH showing the strongest potency. In silico studies revealed that DDTs tended to bind with ERRγ in the agonistic conformation. Using a SKBR3 breast cancer cell model, we further found that nanomolar or micromolar levels of DDTs significantly activated the ERRγ pathway in cells and induced cell proliferation through the ERRγ-modulated cell cycle. These results indicated that the binding and activation of DDTs to ERRγ might serve as molecular initiating events for subsequent ERRγ-mediated signaling pathways and adverse outcomes. Overall, our results demonstrated that ERRγ might be a crucial pathway involved in the estrogenic disruption effects of DDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yu Qie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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10
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Kim HI, Lim J, Choi HJ, Kim SH, Choi HJ. ERRγ Ligand Regulates Adult Neurogenesis and Depression-like Behavior in a LRRK2-G2019S-associated Young Female Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1298-1312. [PMID: 35614294 PMCID: PMC9587185 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, a process controlling the proliferation to maturation of newly generated neurons in the post-developmental brain, is associated with various brain functions and pathogenesis of neuropsychological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and depression. Because orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) plays a role in the differentiation of neuronal cells, we investigated whether an ERRγ ligand enhances adult neurogenesis and regulates depressive behavior in a LRRK2-G2019S-associated mouse model of PD. Young female LRRK2-G2019S mice (7-9 weeks old) showed depression-like behavior without dopaminergic neuronal loss in the nigrostriatal pathway nor motor dysfunction. A significant decrease in adult hippocampal neurogenesis was detected in young female LRRK2-G2019S mice, but not in comparable male mice. A synthetic ERRγ ligand, (E)-4-hydroxy-N'-(4-(phenylethynyl)benzylidene)benzohydrazide (HPB2), ameliorated depression-like behavior in young female LRRK2-G2019S mice and enhanced neurogenesis in the hippocampus, as evidenced by increases in the number of bromodeoxyuridine/neuronal nuclei-positive cells and in the intensity and number of doublecortin-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Moreover, HPB2 significantly increased the number of spines and the number and length of dendrites in the DG of young female LRRK2-G2019S mice. Furthermore, HPB2 upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling, one of the important factors regulating neurogenesis, as well as phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein-positive cells in the DG of young female LRRK2-G2019S mice. Together, these results suggest ERRγ as a novel therapeutic target for PD-associated depression by modulating adult neurogenesis and BDNF/TrkB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo In Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Choi
- Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, New Drug Development Center, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Choi J, Oh TG, Jung H, Park KY, Shin H, Jo T, Kang DS, Chanda D, Hong S, Kim J, Hwang H, Ji M, Jung M, Takashihoji, Matsushima A, Kim P, Mun JY, Paik MJ, Cho SJ, Lee IK, Whitcomb DC, Greer P, Blobner B, Goodarzi MO, Pandol SJ, Rotter JI, Fan W, Bapat SP, Zheng Y, Liddle C, Yu RT, Atkins AR, Downes M, Yoshihara E, Evans RM, Suh JM. Estrogen-Related Receptor γ Maintains Pancreatic Acinar Cell Function and Identity by Regulating Cellular Metabolism. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:239-256. [PMID: 35461826 PMCID: PMC9233018 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mitochondrial dysfunction disrupts the synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes in pancreatic acinar cells and plays a primary role in the etiology of exocrine pancreas disorders. However, the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial function to support acinar cell physiology are poorly understood. Here, we aim to elucidate the function of estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) in pancreatic acinar cell mitochondrial homeostasis and energy production. METHODS Two models of ERRγ inhibition, GSK5182-treated wild-type mice and ERRγ conditional knock-out (cKO) mice, were established to investigate ERRγ function in the exocrine pancreas. To identify the functional role of ERRγ in pancreatic acinar cells, we performed histologic and transcriptome analysis with the pancreas isolated from ERRγ cKO mice. To determine the relevance of these findings for human disease, we analyzed transcriptome data from multiple independent human cohorts and conducted genetic association studies for ESRRG variants in 2 distinct human pancreatitis cohorts. RESULTS Blocking ERRγ function in mice by genetic deletion or inverse agonist treatment results in striking pancreatitis-like phenotypes accompanied by inflammation, fibrosis, and cell death. Mechanistically, loss of ERRγ in primary acini abrogates messenger RNA expression and protein levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complex genes, resulting in defective acinar cell energetics. Mitochondrial dysfunction due to ERRγ deletion further triggers autophagy dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and production of reactive oxygen species, ultimately leading to cell death. Interestingly, ERRγ-deficient acinar cells that escape cell death acquire ductal cell characteristics, indicating a role for ERRγ in acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Consistent with our findings in ERRγ cKO mice, ERRγ expression was significantly reduced in patients with chronic pancreatitis compared with normal subjects. Furthermore, candidate locus region genetic association studies revealed multiple single nucleotide variants for ERRγ that are associated with chronic pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings highlight an essential role for ERRγ in maintaining the transcriptional program that supports acinar cell mitochondrial function and organellar homeostasis and provide a novel molecular link between ERRγ and exocrine pancreas disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyuk Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Oh
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Heewon Jung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Young Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehee Jo
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Du-Seock Kang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipanjan Chanda
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea,Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujung Hong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Moongi Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyo Jung
- Department of Neural Circuits Research, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Takashihoji
- Department of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ayami Matsushima
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Department of Neural Circuits Research, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea,Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea,Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea,Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - David C. Whitcomb
- Ariel Precision Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Physiology and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Phil Greer
- Ariel Precision Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Brandon Blobner
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA,Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Weiwei Fan
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sagar P. Bapat
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Diabetes Center, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Nomis Laboratories for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ye Zheng
- Nomis Laboratories for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chris Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ruth T. Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Annette R. Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eiji Yoshihara
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California; The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Ronald M. Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Ahn J, Kim MJ, Yoo A, Ahn J, Ha TY, Jung CH, Seo HD, Jang YJ. Identifying Codium fragile extract components and their effects on muscle weight and exercise endurance. Food Chem 2021; 353:129463. [PMID: 33743428 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Codium fragile (CF) is a type of green algae consumed as kimchi in Asia. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis showed that CF contain lysophosphatidyl choline, canthaxanthin, retinoic acid, α-tocopherol, and unsaturated fatty acids, which reportedly improve skeletal muscle health. However, the effect of CF on skeletal muscle mass and function remains to be elucidated. In mice fed with CF extracts, exercise endurance and muscle weight increased. CF extracts enhanced protein synthesis and myogenic differentiation through the mTORC1 pathway. CF extracts also promoted oxidative muscle fiber formation and mitochondrial biogenesis through the PGC-1α-related signaling pathway. Upregulation of PGC-1α by CF extracts was abolished by EX527 SIRT1 inhibitor treatment. Changed signaling molecules in the CF extracts were partially regulated by canthaxanthin, a new compound in CF extracts, suggesting that canthaxanthin contribute synergistically to the effect of CF extracts. Therefore, CF is a potential food source for sport nutrition or prevention of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisong Ahn
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Healthcare Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyoung Yoo
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Deok Seo
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Jang
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Major of Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Ahn J, Son HJ, Seo HD, Ha TY, Ahn J, Lee H, Shin SH, Jung CH, Jang YJ. γ-Oryzanol Improves Exercise Endurance and Muscle Strength by Upregulating PPARδ and ERRγ Activity in Aged Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000652. [PMID: 33932312 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE γ-Oryzanol, a well-known antioxidant, has been used by body builders and athletes to boost strength and increase muscle gain, without major side effects. However, the effect of γ-Oryzanol on sarcopenia and the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. RESULTS Aged mice fed with the γ-Oryzanol diet do not show significant changes in muscle weight, but show increased running endurance as well as improved grip strength. The expression and activity of PPARδ and ERRγ are increased in skeletal muscle of γ-Oryzanol supplemented mice. γ-Oryzanol upregulates oxidative muscle fibers by MEF2 transcription factor, and PGC-1α and ERRα expressions. Fatty acid oxidation related genes and mitochondria biogenesis are upregulated by γ-Oryzanol. In addition, γ-Oryzanol inhibits TGF-β-Smad-NADPH oxidase 4 pathway and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and p65 NF-κB subunit, which cause skeletal muscle weakness. Collectively, γ-Oryzanol attenuates muscle weakness pathway and increases oxidative capacity by increasing PPARδ and ERRγ activity, which contributes to enhance strength and improve oxidative capacity in muscles, consequently enhancing exercise capacity in aged mice. Particularly, γ-Oryzanol directly binds to PPARδ. CONCLUSIONS These are the first findings showing that γ-Oryzanol enhances skeletal muscle function in aged mice by regulating PPARδ and ERRγ activity without muscle gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisong Ahn
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Son
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Deok Seo
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Jang
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Major of Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, Republic of Korea
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14
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Jung YS, Kim YH, Radhakrishnan K, Kim J, Lee IK, Cho SJ, Kim DK, Dooley S, Lee CH, Choi HS. Orphan nuclear receptor ERRγ regulates hepatic TGF-β2 expression and fibrogenic response in CCl 4-induced acute liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3071-84. [PMID: 34191077 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver injury results from the complex interactions of various pathological processes. The TGF-β superfamily plays a crucial role in orchestrating fibrogenic response. In contrast to TGF-β1, a role of TGF-β2 in hepatic fibrogenic response has not been fully investigated. In this study, we showed that TGF-β2 gene expression and secretion are induced in the liver of CCl4 (1 ml/kg)-treated WT mice. Studies with hepatocyte specific ERRγ knockout mice or treatment with an ERRγ-specific inverse agonist, GSK5182 (40 mg/kg), indicated that CCl4-induced hepatic TGF-β2 production is ERRγ dependent. Moreover, IL6 was found as upstream signal to induce hepatic ERRγ and TGF-β2 gene expression in CCl4-mediated acute toxicity model. Over-expression of ERRγ was sufficient to induce hepatic TGF-β2 expression, whereas ERRγ depletion markedly reduces IL6-induced TGF-β2 gene expression and secretion in vitro and in vivo. Promoter assays showed that ERRγ directly binds to an ERR response element in the TGF-β2 promoter to induce TGF-β2 transcription. Finally, GSK5182 diminished CCl4-induced fibrogenic response through inhibition of ERRγ-mediated TGF-β2 production. Taken together, these results firstly demonstrate that ERRγ can regulate the TGF-β2-mediated fibrogenic response in a mouse model of CC14-induced acute liver injury.
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15
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Ma H, Liu J, Du Y, Zhang S, Cao W, Jia Z, Gong W, Zhang A. Estrogen-Related Receptor γ Agonist DY131 Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Liver Injury. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:626166. [PMID: 33967760 PMCID: PMC8104008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.626166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated liver dysfunction remains a challenge in clinical practice with high mortality and limited specific therapies. DY131 is a pharmacological agonist of the orphan receptor estrogen-related receptor (ERR) γ which plays a crucial role in regulating energy generation, oxidative metabolism, cell apoptosis, inflammatory responses, etc. However, its role in acute liver injury is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of DY131 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury. Mice were pretreated with DY131 through intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day for 3 days prior to LPS challenge (10 mg/kg). 24 h later, they were anesthetized and sacrificed. Blood and liver tissues were collected for further studies. In a separate experiment, mice were treated with saline (vehicle) or DY131 for 3 days to evaluate the toxicity of DY131. We found that ERRγ was downregulated in the liver tissues from LPS-treated mice. Pretreatment with DY131 ameliorated LPS-induced liver injury as demonstrated by reduced liver enzyme release (ALT, AST, and LDH), improved liver morphological damage, and attenuated oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, DY131 had no significant side effects on hepatic and renal functions in mice. Finally, transcriptomics analysis revealed that the dysregulated pathways associated with inflammation and metabolism were significantly reversed by DY131 in LPS-treated mice, providing more evidence in favor of the protective effect of DY131 against LPS-induced liver injury. Altogether, these findings highlighted the protective effect of DY131 on LPS-induced hepatotoxicity possibly via suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaye Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Kim HI, Lee S, Lim J, Chung S, Koo TS, Ji YG, Suh YG, Son WS, Kim SH, Choi HJ. ERRγ ligand HPB2 upregulates BDNF-TrkB and enhances dopaminergic neuronal phenotype. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105423. [PMID: 33434621 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes maturation of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the midbrain and positively regulates their maintenance and outgrowth. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms regulating the BDNF signaling pathway in DAergic neurons may help discover potential therapeutic strategies for neuropsychological disorders associated with dysregulation of DAergic neurotransmission. Because estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) is highly expressed in both the fetal nervous system and adult brains during DAergic neuronal differentiation, and it is involved in regulating the DAergic neuronal phenotype, we asked in this study whether ERRγ ligand regulates BDNF signaling and subsequent DAergic neuronal phenotype. Based on the X-ray crystal structures of the ligand binding domain of ERRγ, we designed and synthesized the ERRγ agonist, (E)-4-hydroxy-N'-(4-(phenylethynyl)benzylidene)benzohydrazide (HPB2) (Kd value, 8.35 μmol/L). HPB2 increased BDNF mRNA and protein levels, and enhanced the expression of the BDNF receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y, differentiated Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) cells, and primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) neurons. HPB2-induced upregulation of BDNF was attenuated by GSK5182, an antagonist of ERRγ, and siRNA-mediated ERRγ silencing. HPB2-induced activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) was responsible for BDNF upregulation in SH-SY5Y cells. HPB2 enhanced the DAergic neuronal phenotype, namely upregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DA transporter (DAT) with neurite outgrowth, both in SH-SY5Y and primary VM neurons, which was interfered by the inhibition of BDNF-TrkB signaling, ERRγ knockdown, or blockade of ERK activation. HPB2 also upregulated BDNF and TH in the striatum and induced neurite elongation in the substantia nigra of mice brain. In conclusion, ERRγ activation regulated BDNF expression and the subsequent DAergic neuronal phenotype in neuronal cells. Our results might provide new insights into the mechanism underlying the regulation of BDNF expression, leading to novel therapeutic strategies for neuropsychological disorders associated with DAergic dysregulation.
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Huang B, Mu P, Yu Y, Zhu W, Jiang T, Deng R, Feng G, Wen J, Zhu X, Deng Y. Inhibition of EZH2 and activation of ERRγ synergistically suppresses gastric cancer by inhibiting FOXM1 signaling pathway. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:72-84. [PMID: 32529327 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, because of the low efficacy of current therapeutic strategies. Estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) was previously showed as a suppressor of GC. However, the mechanism and effective therapeutic method based on ERRγ is yet to be developed. METHODS The expression levels of ERRγ, EZH2, and FOXM1 were detected by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and western blot. The regulatory mechanisms of ERRγ and FOXM1 were analyzed by ChIP, EMSA, and siRNA. The effects of EZH2 inhibitor (GSK126) or/and ERRγ agonist (DY131) on the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer cell lines were examined by cell proliferation, transwell migration, wound healing, and colony formation assays. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effects of GSK126 or/and DY131 on tumor growth were analyzed by xenograft tumor growth assay. RESULTS The expression of ERRγ was suppressed in tumor tissues of GC patients and positively correlated with prognosis, as opposed to that of EZH2 and FOXM1. EZH2 transcriptionally suppressed ERRγ via H3K27me3, which subsequently activated the expression of master oncogene FOXM1. The combination of GSK126 and DY131 synergistically activated ERRγ expression, which subsequently inhibited the expression of FOXM1 and its regulated pathways. Synergistic combination of GSK126 and DY131 significantly inhibited the tumorigenesis of GC cell lines and suppressed the growth of GC xenograft. CONCLUSION The FOXM1 signaling pathway underlying the ERRγ-mediated gastric cancer suppression was identified. Furthermore, combined treatment with EZH2 inhibitor and ERRγ agonist synergistically suppressed GC progression by inhibiting this signaling pathway, suggesting its high potential in treating GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Peiqiang Mu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wenya Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Tianqing Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Rong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Gongkan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jikai Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Yiqun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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Min Y, Kim D, Suminda GGD, Zhao X, Kim M, Zhao Y, Son YO. GSK5182, 4-Hydroxytamoxifen Analog, a New Potential Therapeutic Drug for Osteoarthritis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120429. [PMID: 33261216 PMCID: PMC7761342 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are the first identified orphan nuclear receptors. The ERR family consists of ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ, regulating diverse isoform-specific functions. We have reported the importance of ERRγ in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. However, therapeutic approaches with ERRγ against OA associated with inflammatory mechanisms remain limited. Herein, we examined the therapeutic potential of a small-molecule ERRγ inverse agonist, GSK5182 (4-hydroxytamoxifen analog), in OA, to assess the relationship between ERRγ expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse articular chondrocyte cultures. ERRγ expression increased following chondrocyte exposure to various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Pro-inflammatory cytokines dose-dependently increased ERRγ protein levels. In mouse articular chondrocytes, adenovirus-mediated ERRγ overexpression upregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-13, which participate in cartilage destruction during OA. Adenovirus-mediated ERRγ overexpression in mouse knee joints or ERRγ transgenic mice resulted in OA. In mouse joint tissues, genetic ablation of Esrrg obscured experimental OA. These results indicate that ERRγ is involved in OA pathogenesis. In mouse articular chondrocytes, GSK5182 inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced catabolic factors. Consistent with the in vitro results, GSK5182 significantly reduced cartilage degeneration in ERRγ-overexpressing mice administered intra-articular Ad-Esrrg. Overall, the ERRγ inverse agonist GSK5182 represents a promising therapeutic small molecule for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Min
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea; (Y.M.); (G.G.D.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Dahye Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea; (D.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Godagama Gamaarachchige Dinesh Suminda
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea; (Y.M.); (G.G.D.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea; (Y.M.); (G.G.D.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Mangeun Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea; (D.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Yaping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea; (Y.M.); (G.G.D.S.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea; (D.K.); (M.K.)
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(64)-754-3331
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Tanida T, Matsuda KI, Tanaka M. Novel metabolic system for lactic acid via LRPGC1/ ERRγ signaling pathway. FASEB J 2020; 34:13239-13256. [PMID: 32851675 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000492r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid (LA) is a byproduct of glycolysis resulting from intense exercise or a metabolic defect in aerobic processes. LA metabolism is essential to prevent lactic acidosis, but the mechanism through which LA regulates its own metabolism is largely unknown. Here, we identified a LA-responsive protein, named LRPGC1, which has a distinct role from PGC1α, a key metabolic regulator, and report that LRPGC1 particularly mediates LA response to activate liver LA metabolism. Following LA stimulation, LRPGC1, but not PGC1α, translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus through deactivation of nuclear export signals, interacts with the nuclear receptor ERRγ, and upregulates TFAM, which ensures mitochondrial biogenesis. Knockout of PGC1 gene in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells decreased the LA consumption and TFAM expression, which were rescued by LRPGC1 expression, but not by PGC1α. These LRPGC1-induced effects were mediated by ERRγ, concomitantly with mitochondrial activation. The response element for LRPGC1/ERRγ signaling pathway was identified in TFAM promoter. Notably, the survival rate of a mouse model of lactic acidosis was reduced by the liver-targeted silencing of Lrpgc1, while it was significantly ameliorated by the pharmacological activation of ERRγ. These findings demonstrate LA-responsive transactivation via LRPGC1 that highlight an intrinsic molecular mechanism for LA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tanida
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Ichi Matsuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Chen Z, Wu L, Zhou J, Lin X, Peng Y, Ge L, Chiang CM, Huang H, Wang H, He W. N6-methyladenosine-induced ERRγ triggers chemoresistance of cancer cells through upregulation of ABCB1 and metabolic reprogramming. Theranostics 2020; 10:3382-3396. [PMID: 32206097 PMCID: PMC7069076 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug resistance severely reduces treatment efficiency of chemotherapy and leads to poor prognosis. However, regulatory factors of chemoresistant cancer cells are largely unknown. Methods: The expression of estrogen receptor related receptors (ERRs) in chemoresistant cancer cells are checked. The roles of ERRγ in chemoresistance are confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies. The mechanisms responsible for ERRγ-regulated expression of ABCB1 and CPT1B are investigated. Results: The expression of ERRγ is upregulated in chemoresistant cancer cells. Targeted inhibition of ERRγ restores the chemosensitivity. ERRγ can directly bind to the promoter of ABCB1 to increase its transcription. An elevated interaction between ERRγ and p65 in chemoresistant cells further strengthens transcription of ABCB1. Further, ERRγ can increase the fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in chemoresistant cells via regulation of CPT1B, the rate-limiting enzyme of FAO. The upregulated ERRγ in chemoresistant cancer cells might be due to increased levels of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) can trigger the splicing of precursor ESRRG mRNA. Conclusions: m6A induced ERRγ confers chemoresistance of cancer cells through upregulation of ABCB1 and CPT1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojia Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Long Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jiawang Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xinyao Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yanxi Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Lichen Ge
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Hui Huang
- Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shennan Middle Road 3025#, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Weiling He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
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Jung YS, Kim YH, Radhakrishnan K, Kim J, Kim DK, Lee JH, Oh H, Lee IK, Kim W, Cho SJ, Choi CS, Dooley S, Egan JM, Lee CH, Choi HS. An inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor γ regulates 2-arachidonoylglycerol synthesis by modulating diacylglycerol lipase expression in alcohol-intoxicated mice. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:427-38. [PMID: 31912162 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol feeding increases the levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the liver, which activates hepatic cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R), leading to oxidative liver injury. 2-AG biosynthesis is catalyzed by diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL). However, the mechanisms regulating hepatic DAGL gene expression and 2-AG production are largely unknown. In this study, we show that CB1R-induced estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) controls hepatic DAGL gene expression and 2-AG levels. Arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA), a synthetic CB1R agonist, significantly upregulated ERRγ, DAGLα, and DAGLβ, and increased 2-AG levels in the liver (10 mg/kg) and hepatocytes (10 μM) of wild-type (WT) mice. ERRγ overexpression upregulated DAGLα and DAGLβ expressions and increased 2-AG levels, whereas ERRγ knockdown abolished ACEA-induced DAGLα, DAGLβ, and 2-AG in vitro and in vivo. Promoter assays showed that ERRγ positively regulated DAGLα and DAGLβ transcription by binding to the ERR response element in the DAGLα and DAGLβ promoters. Chronic alcohol feeding (27.5% of total calories) induced hepatic steatosis and upregulated ERRγ, leading to increased DAGLα, DAGLβ, or 2-AG in WT mice, whereas these alcohol-induced effects did not occur in hepatocyte-specific CB1R knockout mice or in those treated with the ERRγ inverse agonist GSK5182 (40 mg/kg in mice and 10 μM in vitro). Taken together, these results indicate that suppression of alcohol-induced DAGLα and DAGLβ gene expressions and 2-AG levels by an ERRγ-specific inverse agonist may be a novel and attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.
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Ryszawy D, Pudełek M, Kochanowski P, Janik-Olchawa N, Bogusz J, Rąpała M, Koczurkiewicz P, Mikołajczyk J, Borek I, Kędracka-Krok S, Karnas E, Zuba-Surma E, Madeja Z, Czyż J. High bisphenol A concentrations augment the invasiveness of tumor cells through Snail-1/Cx43/ ERRγ-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 62:104676. [PMID: 31629898 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is commonly present in plastics used for food storage and preservation. The release of BPA from these products results in a permanent human exposition to BPA; however, the quality and quantity of BPA adverse effects remain a matter of controversy. The common presence of BPA in the human environment and the controversies concerning the relations of human exposition to BPA and cancer incidence justify the research on the interactions between BPA and pro-metastatic signaling in cancer cells. Here, we describe a novel BPA-reactive signaling axis that induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. BPA exerted negligible effects on their properties in a wide range of concentrations (10 nM - 100 nM), whereas it considerably induced A549 invasiveness at high concentrations (10 μM). The BPA-induced EMT was illustrated by morphologic changes, E/N-cadherin switch and vimentin/Snail-1/connexin(Cx)43 up-regulation in A549 populations. It was followed by enhancement of A549 drug-resistance. Corresponding effects of BPA were observed in prostate cancer cell populations. Concomitantly, we observed increased levels and perinuclear accumulation of estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) in BPA-treated cells, its interactions with Cx43/Snail-1, and the corresponding effects of phenol red on A549 cells. Collectively, these data identify a novel, pro-metastatic Snail-1/Cx43/ERRγ signaling pathway. Its reactivity to BPA underlies the induction of cancer cells' invasiveness in the presence of high BPA concentrations in vitro. Thus, the chronic exposition of cancer cells to extrinsic and intrinsic BPA should be considered as a potential obstacle in a cancer therapy.
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Kim DK, Kim YH, Lee JH, Jung YS, Kim J, Feng R, Jeon TI, Lee IK, Cho SJ, Im SS, Dooley S, Osborne TF, Lee CH, Choi HS. Estrogen-related receptor γ controls sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c expression and alcoholic fatty liver. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:158521. [PMID: 31479733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although SREBP-1c regulates key enzymes required for hepatic de novo lipogenesis, the mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation of SREBP-1c in pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver is still incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of ERRγ in alcohol-mediated hepatic lipogenesis and examined the possibility to ameliorate alcoholic fatty liver through its inverse agonist. Hepatic ERRγ and SREBP-1c expression was increased by alcohol-mediated activation of CB1 receptor signaling. Deletion and mutation analyses of the Srebp-1c gene promoter showed that ERRγ directly regulates Srebp-1c gene transcription via binding to an ERR-response element. Overexpression of ERRγ significantly induced SREBP-1c expression and fat accumulation in liver of mice, which were blocked in Srebp-1c-knockout hepatocytes. Conversely, liver-specific ablation of ERRγ gene expression attenuated alcohol-mediated induction of SREBP-1c expression. Finally, an ERRγ inverse agonist, GSK5182, significantly ameliorates fatty liver disease in chronically alcohol-fed mice through inhibition of SREBP-1c-mediated fat accumulation. ERRγ mediates alcohol-induced hepatic lipogenesis by upregulating SREBP-1c expression, which can be blunted by the inverse agonist for ERRγ, which may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of alcoholic fatty liver disease in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Rilu Feng
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 105760, Germany
| | - Tae-Il Jeon
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 105760, Germany
| | - Timothy F Osborne
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Zou Z, He Z, Cai J, Huang L, Zhu H, Luo Y. Potential role of microRNA-424 in regulating ERRγ to suppress trophoblast proliferation and invasion in fetal growth restriction. Placenta 2019; 83:57-62. [PMID: 31477209 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal expression of estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) protein is associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR). The upstream regulators of ERRγ are still unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the placental expression level of microRNA-424 (miR-424) and to demonstrate the relationship between miR-424 and FGR. METHODS The expression levels of miR-424 were detected in FGR and control placentas. HTR-8/SVneo cells were transfected with mimics or inhibitors to increase or decrease the miR-424 expression level, respectively. The transwell and CCK-8 assays were used to determine trophoblast-derived cell line invasion and proliferation. The expression levels of miR-424, ERRγ, and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD17B1) were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The relationship between miR-424, ERRγ, and HSD17B1 was determined by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Compared to the normal pregnancy group, FGR placental tissues showed a significantly higher expression level of miR-424. The up-regulation of miR-424 decreased trophoblast-derived cell line invasion and proliferation. Down-regulation of miR-424 enhanced invasive and proliferative abilities of the cell lines. Over-expression of miR-424 reduced ERRγ protein levels and decreased both mRNA and protein levels of HSD17B1. Thus down-regulation of miR-424 induced protein expression of ERRγ and enhanced the mRNA and protein expressions of HSD17B1. MiR-424 probably mediated the expression of ERRγ via binding to sites other than mRNA 3'UTR. CONCLUSION MiR-424 may be associated with the pathogenesis of FGR by modulating trophoblast-derived cell line proliferation and invasion. MiR-424 may play a role in mediating the protein expressions of ERRγ and HSD17B1.
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Islam H, Hood DA, Gurd BJ. Looking beyond PGC-1α: emerging regulators of exercise-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and their activation by dietary compounds. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:11-23. [PMID: 31158323 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite its widespread acceptance as the "master regulator" of mitochondrial biogenesis (i.e., the expansion of the mitochondrial reticulum), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) appears to be dispensable for the training-induced augmentation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and respiratory function. In fact, a number of regulatory proteins have emerged as important players in skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and many of these proteins share key attributes with PGC-1α. In an effort to move past the simplistic notion of a "master regulator" of mitochondrial biogenesis, we highlight the regulatory mechanisms by which nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ), PPARβ, and leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein (LRP130) may contribute to the control of skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. We also present evidence supporting/refuting the ability of sulforaphane, quercetin, and epicatechin to promote skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and their potential to augment mitochondrial training adaptations. Targeted activation of specific pathways by these compounds may allow for greater mechanistic insight into the molecular pathways controlling mitochondrial biogenesis in human skeletal muscle. Dietary activation of mitochondrial biogenesis may also be useful in clinical populations with basal reductions in mitochondrial protein content, enzyme activities, and/or respiratory function as well as individuals who exhibit a blunted skeletal muscle responsiveness to contractile activity. Novelty The existence of redundant pathways leading to mitochondrial biogenesis refutes the simplistic notion of a "master regulator" of mitochondrial biogenesis. Dietary activation of specific pathways may provide greater mechanistic insight into the exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Islam
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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26
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Chen L, Wu M, Zhang S, Tan W, Guan M, Feng L, Chen C, Tao J, Chen L, Qu L. Estrogen-related receptor γ regulates hepatic triglyceride metabolism through phospholipase A2 G12B. FASEB J 2019; 33:7942-7952. [PMID: 30922124 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802704r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypersecretion of hepatic very LDL (VLDL)-associated triglyceride (TG) is the hallmark of hypertriglyceridemia. The estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ), an orphan nuclear receptor, plays crucial roles in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, including TG formation in the liver. It remains unclear whether ERRγ regulates hepatic VLDL-TG secretion. We demonstrated that knockdown of ERRγ impairs hepatic VLDL-TG secretion in mice, whereas overexpression of ERRγ favors the secretion, indicating a novel role of ERRγ in hepatic TG metabolism. We found that ERRγ transcriptionally regulates the expression of PLA2G12B by binding to the promoter region of the Pla2g12b gene. In Pla2g12b-null mice, ERRγ fails to regulate hepatic VLDL-TG secretion. There is an apparent accumulation of large lipid droplets in the liver of Pla2g12b-null mice. These data suggest that ERRγ is a novel regulator of hepatic VLDL-TG secretion, which is mediated through the action on PLA2G12B.-Chen, L., Wu, M., Zhang, S., Tan, W., Guan, M., Feng, L., Chen, C., Tao, J., Chen, L., Qu, L. Estrogen-related receptor γ regulates hepatic triglyceride metabolism through phospholipase A2 G12B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjuan Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Guan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liqiang Feng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratories of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,State Key Laboratories of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linbing Qu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Hu P, Liu J, Zhao J, Wilkins BJ, Lupino K, Wu H, Pei L. Single-nucleus transcriptomic survey of cell diversity and functional maturation in postnatal mammalian hearts. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1344-1357. [PMID: 30254108 PMCID: PMC6169839 DOI: 10.1101/gad.316802.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge in understanding cardiac biology and disease is that the remarkable heterogeneity in cell type composition and functional states have not been well characterized at single-cell resolution in maturing and diseased mammalian hearts. Massively parallel single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful tool to address these questions by interrogating the transcriptome of tens of thousands of nuclei isolated from fresh or frozen tissues. snRNA-seq overcomes the technical challenge of isolating intact single cells from complex tissues, including the maturing mammalian hearts; reduces biased recovery of easily dissociated cell types; and minimizes aberrant gene expression during the whole-cell dissociation. Here we applied sNucDrop-seq, a droplet microfluidics-based massively parallel snRNA-seq method, to investigate the transcriptional landscape of postnatal maturing mouse hearts in both healthy and disease states. By profiling the transcriptome of nearly 20,000 nuclei, we identified major and rare cardiac cell types and revealed significant heterogeneity of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells in postnatal developing hearts. When applied to a mouse model of pediatric mitochondrial cardiomyopathy, we uncovered profound cell type-specific modifications of the cardiac transcriptional landscape at single-nucleus resolution, including changes of subtype composition, maturation states, and functional remodeling of each cell type. Furthermore, we employed sNucDrop-seq to decipher the cardiac cell type-specific gene regulatory network (GRN) of GDF15, a heart-derived hormone and clinically important diagnostic biomarker of heart disease. Together, our results present a rich resource for studying cardiac biology and provide new insights into heart disease using an approach broadly applicable to many fields of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin J Wilkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Katherine Lupino
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Liming Pei
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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28
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Zhang Y, Kim DK, Jung YS, Kim YH, Lee YS, Kim J, Jeong WI, Lee IK, Cho SJ, Dooley S, Lee CH, Choi HS. Inverse agonist of ERRγ reduces cannabinoid receptor type 1-mediated induction of fibrinogen synthesis in mice with a high-fat diet-intoxicated liver. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2885-2896. [PMID: 30019168 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Upon liver intoxication with malnutrition or high-fat diet feeding, fibrinogen is synthesized by hepatocytes and secreted into the blood in human and mouse. Its primary function is to occlude blood vessels upon damage and thereby stop excessive bleeding. High fibrinogen levels may contribute to the development of pathological thrombosis, which is one mechanism linking fatty liver disease with cardiovascular disease. Our previous results present ERRγ as key regulator of hepatocytic fibrinogen gene expression in human. In a therapeutic approach, we now tested ERRγ inverse agonist GSK5182 as regulator of fibrinogen levels in mouse hyperfibrinogenemia caused by diet-induced obesity and in mouse hepatocytes. ACEA, a CB1R agonist, up-regulated transcription of mouse fibrinogen via induction of ERRγ, whereas knockdown of ERRγ attenuated the effect of ACEA (10 µM) on fibrinogen expression in AML12 mouse hepatocytes. Deletion analyses of the mouse fibrinogen γ (FGG) gene promoter and ChIP assays revealed binding sites for ERRγ on the mouse FGG promoter. ACEA or adenovirus ERRγ injection induced FGA, FGB and FGG mRNA and protein expression in mouse liver, while ERRγ knockdown with Ad-shERRγ attenuated ACEA-mediated induction of fibrinogen gene expression. Moreover, mice maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD) expressed higher levels of fibrinogen, whereas cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R)-KO mice fed an HFD had nearly normal fibrinogen levels. Finally, GSK5182 (40 mg/kg) strongly inhibits the ACEA (10 mg/kg) or HFD-mediated induction of fibrinogen level in mice. Taken together, targeting ERRγ with its inverse agonist GSK5182 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for ameliorating hyperfibrinogenemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Zhang
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Zhu H, Huang L, He Z, Zou Z, Luo Y. Estrogen-related receptor γ regulates expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in fetal growth restriction. Placenta 2018; 67:38-44. [PMID: 29941172 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD17B1) have important roles in cell invasion and in the proliferation of many types of cancer cells. However, it remains unknown whether ERRγ and HSD17B1 contribute to abnormal placental structure and dysfunction which characterize fetal growth restriction (FGR). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression profiles of ERRγ and HSD17B1 in placenta tissues affected by FGR and to examine a possible molecular mechanism by which ERRγ is able to regulate HSD17B1 during development of FGR. METHODS Placenta tissues were collected from women affected by FGR (n = 28) and from women with appropriately gestational age (AGA) (n = 30). Relative mRNA and protein levels of ERRγ and HSD17B1 in both groups were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analyses. The effect of ERRγ on trophoblast function and its associated mechanistic details were studied in the trophoblast cell line, HTR-8/SVneo, which was transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting ERRγ. RESULTS Both mRNA and protein levels of ERRγ and HSD17B1 were significantly lower in FGR placentae (P < 0.05). When ERRγ expression was knocked down in HTR-8/SVneo cells with siRNA, invasion and proliferation were inhibited. In addition, HSD17B1 expression was significantly decreased. In dual luciferase reporter assays, ERRγ stimulated transcription of HSD17B1 by targeting the ERRγ response element within its 5'-flanking promoter region. DISCUSSION Aberrant ERRγ expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of FGR by regulating the transcriptional activity of HSD17B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhuan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming He
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Luo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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30
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Zhao J, Lupino K, Wilkins BJ, Qiu C, Liu J, Omura Y, Allred AL, McDonald C, Susztak K, Barish GD, Pei L. Genomic integration of ERRγ-HNF1β regulates renal bioenergetics and prevents chronic kidney disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4910-9. [PMID: 29735694 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804965115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of both hereditary and acquired kidney diseases. However, it remains poorly understood how mitochondrial metabolism is regulated to support normal kidney function and how its dysregulation contributes to kidney disease. Here, we show that the nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 beta (HNF1β) link renal mitochondrial and reabsorptive functions through coordinated epigenomic programs. ERRγ directly regulates mitochondrial metabolism but cooperatively controls renal reabsorption via convergent binding with HNF1β. Deletion of ERRγ in renal epithelial cells (RECs), in which it is highly and specifically expressed, results in severe renal energetic and reabsorptive dysfunction and progressive renal failure that recapitulates phenotypes of animals and patients with HNF1β loss-of-function gene mutations. Moreover, ERRγ expression positively correlates with renal function and is decreased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). REC-ERRγ KO mice share highly overlapping renal transcriptional signatures with human patients with CKD. Together these findings reveal a role for ERRγ in directing independent and HNF1β-integrated programs for energy production and use essential for normal renal function and the prevention of kidney disease.
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31
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Lin H, Doebelin C, Patouret R, Garcia-Ordonez RD, Chang MR, Dharmarajan V, Bayona CR, Cameron MD, Griffin PR, Kamenecka TM. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of simple phenol amides as ERRγ agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1313-1319. [PMID: 29548571 PMCID: PMC5893368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the design and synthesis of a series of simple phenol amide ERRγ agonists based on a hydrazone lead molecule. Our structure activity relationship studies in this series revealed the phenol portion of the molecule to be required for activity. Attempts to replace the hydrazone with more suitable chemotypes led to a simple amide as a viable alternative. Differential hydrogen-deuterium exchange experiments were used to help understand the structural basis for binding to ERRγ and aid in the development of more potent ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lin
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Christelle Doebelin
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Rémi Patouret
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ruben D Garcia-Ordonez
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - M R Chang
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Venkatasubramanian Dharmarajan
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Claudia Ruiz Bayona
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Michael D Cameron
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Theodore M Kamenecka
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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32
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Gao T, Deng M, Wang Q. MiRNA-320a inhibits trophoblast cell invasion by targeting estrogen-related receptor-gamma. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018; 44:756-763. [PMID: 29345032 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM MicroRNAs (miRs) play an essential role in the modulation of trophoblast function. We explored miR-320a expression in the human placenta. In addition, we report the promising effect and target functional loop of miR-320a in trophoblasts. METHODS MiR-320a expression was investigated in both pre-eclamptic and healthy placenta tissues by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction to determine how miR-320a affected invasion, proliferation and migration in trophoblasts. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model was established in trophoblasts to reveal how LPS supplementation stimulated miR-320a expression. Western blot was applied to measure protein expression, which was involved in pathways modulated by miR-320a in pre-eclamptic placentas. RESULTS MiR-320a expression was enhanced in the placental specimens of pre-eclamptic patients. Excessive miR-320a expression remarkably suppressed trophoblast invasion but did not affect migration or proliferation. However, transfection with miR-320a inhibitor reinforced trophoblast invasion in vitro. Luciferase assays verified that estrogen-related receptor-gamma (ERRγ) served as a direct target of miR-320a. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot demonstrated that excessive miR-320a expression downregulated ERRγ transcription and translation. Additionally, LPS supplementation showed excessive miR-320a expression and ERRγ downregulation. Impaired ERRγ and enhanced miR-320a expression occurred in PE placentas compared to controls. Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis revealed that miR-320a expression was negatively related to ERRγ expression in normal and pre-eclamptic placentas. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that miR-320a overexpression causes anomalous placentation by targeting ERRγ. Our research reveals the promising effect of miR-320a and the ERRγ functional loop on placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mou Deng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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33
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Park E, Kumar S, Lee B, Kim KJ, Seo JE, Choi HS, Lee K. Estrogen receptor-related receptor γ regulates testicular steroidogenesis through direct and indirect regulation of steroidogenic gene expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 452:15-24. [PMID: 28479375 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of testosterone, which mainly occurs in testicular Leydig cells, is controlled by steroidogenic proteins, such as StAR and P450c17. Although estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ), an orphan nuclear receptor, is expressed in the testis, its role is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of ERRγ in Leydig cells and its molecular action on testicular steroidogenesis. ERRγ is expressed in mouse Leydig cells from pre-pubertal stages. ERRγ overexpression in primary Leydig cells elevated the production of testosterone with a marked increase of P450c17 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, albeit decreased expression of StAR. Promoter-reporter analyses showed that ERRγ directly regulated the P450c17 promoter. Further deletion mutant analyses of the P450c17 promoter revealed that ERRγ activated expression of the P450c17 gene by binding to an ERRγ response element within the P450c17 promoter. Meanwhile, ERRγ suppressed cAMP-induced activation of the StAR promoter, which was likely due to ERRγ-mediated inhibition of the transcriptional activity of Nur77, which is induced by cAMP and regulates StAR gene expression in Leydig cells. Interestingly, ERRγ coexpression also decreased the protein level of Nur77, which occurred through proteasomal degradation, suggesting ERRγ-mediated regulation of steroidogenesis at another level. Taken together, these findings suggest that ERRγ regulates testicular steroidogenesis, both directly controlling and indirectly fine-tuning the expression of steroidogenic genes.
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MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Chloroquine/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP/pharmacology
- Cycloheximide/pharmacology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Leydig Cells/drug effects
- Leydig Cells/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Sequence Deletion
- Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics
- Testosterone/biosynthesis
- Testosterone/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsook Park
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; K-herb Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudeep Kumar
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bobae Lee
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Seo
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keesook Lee
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Gong W, Yu J, Wang Q, Li S, Song J, Jia Z, Huang S, Zhang A. Estrogen-related receptor (ERR) γ protects against puromycin aminonucleoside-induced podocyte apoptosis by targeting PI3K/Akt signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:75-86. [PMID: 27417234 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that podocyte apoptosis is of vital importance for the development of glomerulosclerosis and progressive loss of renal function. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to podocyte apoptosis are still elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of estrogen-related receptor (ERR) γ in podocyte apoptosis, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Treatment of PAN caused a dose- and time-dependent podocyte apoptosis in line with a significant downregulation of ERRγ. Interestingly, the occurrence of ERRγ downregulation appeared earlier than the onset of cell apoptosis, suggesting a potential that ERRγ reduction triggered apoptotic response in podocyte. To test this hypothesis, ERRγ siRNA was administered to the podocytes. Strikingly, ERRγ silencing resulted in a significant cell apoptosis accompanied with increased injury markers of B7-1 and cathepsin L and decreased podocyte protein nephrin. In contrast, overexpression of ERRγ remarkably attenuated PAN-induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, ERRγ overexpression stimulated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway evidenced by increased expression of PI3K subunits p85α and p110α and phosphorylated Akt. Importantly, a specific PI3K inhibitor LY294002 entirely reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of ERRγ following PAN treatment. Finally, we observed a striking downregulation of ERRγ in PAN-treated rat kidneys, suggesting that our cell model replicated the in vivo condition. Taken together, these data highly suggested that ERRγ played a novel role in modulating podocyte apoptosis by targeting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gong
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qilei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jiayu Song
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Kim JH, Choi YK, Do JY, Choi YK, Ha CM, Lee SJ, Jeon JH, Lee WK, Choi HS, Park KG, Lee IK. Estrogen-Related Receptor γ Plays a Key Role in Vascular Calcification Through the Upregulation of BMP2 Expression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2384-90. [PMID: 26404484 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular calcification which refers to ectopic mineralization in vascular cells is associated with several conditions, such as chronic kidney disease, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus. Estrogen-related receptor (ERR)γ is a member of the orphan nuclear receptor superfamily, which plays diverse roles in regulating homeostatic and metabolic processes. However, the role of ERRγ in vascular calcification has not been investigated to date. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of ERRγ in vascular calcification. APPROACH AND RESULTS Vascular calcification was induced by treating rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells with calcification medium. ERRγ expression in vascular smooth muscle cells was induced during calcification medium-induced vascular calcification. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of ERRγ in vascular smooth muscle cells resulted in the upregulation of the expression of osteogenic genes, including runt-related transcription factor 2, osteopontin, and Msx2, and the downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of ERRγ induced bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) expression, leading to increased phosphorylation of the intracellular BMP2 effector proteins SMAD1/5/8. Collectively, these data suggested that ERRγ promotes dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells to an osteogenic phenotype during the vascular calcification process. Inhibition of endogenous ERRγ expression or activity using a specific siRNA or the selective inverse agonist GSK5182 attenuated vascular calcification and osteogenic gene expression in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that ERRγ plays a key role in vascular calcification by upregulating the BMP2 signaling pathway, suggesting that inhibition of ERRγ is a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Kim
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (J.-H.K., Y.-K.C., Y.-K.C., S.J.L., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism (J.-H.K., S.J.L., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program (C.-M.H., I.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease (Y.-K.C., J.-Y.D., Y.-K.C., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine (C.-M.H., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (J.-Y.D.), and Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine (W.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; and National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea (H.-S.C.)
| | - Yeon-Kyung Choi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (J.-H.K., Y.-K.C., Y.-K.C., S.J.L., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism (J.-H.K., S.J.L., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program (C.-M.H., I.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease (Y.-K.C., J.-Y.D., Y.-K.C., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine (C.-M.H., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (J.-Y.D.), and Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine (W.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; and National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea (H.-S.C.)
| | - Ji-Yeon Do
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (J.-H.K., Y.-K.C., Y.-K.C., S.J.L., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism (J.-H.K., S.J.L., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program (C.-M.H., I.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease (Y.-K.C., J.-Y.D., Y.-K.C., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine (C.-M.H., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (J.-Y.D.), and Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine (W.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; and National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea (H.-S.C.)
| | - Young-Keun Choi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (J.-H.K., Y.-K.C., Y.-K.C., S.J.L., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism (J.-H.K., S.J.L., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program (C.-M.H., I.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease (Y.-K.C., J.-Y.D., Y.-K.C., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine (C.-M.H., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (J.-Y.D.), and Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine (W.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; and National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea (H.-S.C.)
| | - Chae-Myeong Ha
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (J.-H.K., Y.-K.C., Y.-K.C., S.J.L., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism (J.-H.K., S.J.L., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program (C.-M.H., I.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease (Y.-K.C., J.-Y.D., Y.-K.C., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine (C.-M.H., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (J.-Y.D.), and Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine (W.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; and National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea (H.-S.C.)
| | - Sun Joo Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (J.-H.K., Y.-K.C., Y.-K.C., S.J.L., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism (J.-H.K., S.J.L., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program (C.-M.H., I.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease (Y.-K.C., J.-Y.D., Y.-K.C., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine (C.-M.H., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (J.-Y.D.), and Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine (W.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; and National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea (H.-S.C.)
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (J.-H.K., Y.-K.C., Y.-K.C., S.J.L., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism (J.-H.K., S.J.L., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program (C.-M.H., I.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease (Y.-K.C., J.-Y.D., Y.-K.C., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine (C.-M.H., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (J.-Y.D.), and Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine (W.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; and National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea (H.-S.C.)
| | - Won-Kee Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (J.-H.K., Y.-K.C., Y.-K.C., S.J.L., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism (J.-H.K., S.J.L., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program (C.-M.H., I.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease (Y.-K.C., J.-Y.D., Y.-K.C., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine (C.-M.H., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (J.-Y.D.), and Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine (W.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; and National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea (H.-S.C.)
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (J.-H.K., Y.-K.C., Y.-K.C., S.J.L., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism (J.-H.K., S.J.L., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program (C.-M.H., I.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease (Y.-K.C., J.-Y.D., Y.-K.C., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine (C.-M.H., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (J.-Y.D.), and Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine (W.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; and National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea (H.-S.C.)
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (J.-H.K., Y.-K.C., Y.-K.C., S.J.L., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism (J.-H.K., S.J.L., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program (C.-M.H., I.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease (Y.-K.C., J.-Y.D., Y.-K.C., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine (C.-M.H., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (J.-Y.D.), and Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine (W.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; and National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea (H.-S.C.).
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (J.-H.K., Y.-K.C., Y.-K.C., S.J.L., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism (J.-H.K., S.J.L., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), and BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program (C.-M.H., I.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease (Y.-K.C., J.-Y.D., Y.-K.C., J.-H.J., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine (C.-M.H., K.-G.P., I.-K.L.), Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (J.-Y.D.), and Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine (W.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; and National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea (H.-S.C.).
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Song H, Zhang T, Yang P, Li M, Yang Y, Wang Y, Du J, Pan K, Zhang K. Low doses of bisphenol A stimulate the proliferation of breast cancer cells via ERK1/2/ ERRγ signals. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:521-8. [PMID: 26363202 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects and mechanisms of bisphenol A (BPA) on the development of breast cancer are still not well illustrated. The present study revealed that nanomolar BPA significantly promoted the proliferation of both estrogen receptor (ER) positive (MCF-7) and negative (SkBr3) breast cancer cells, which was confirmed by up regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Bcl-2. Neither ERα nor G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) mediated this effect of BPA because their inhibitors had no effect on the BPA induced cell proliferation. However, silencing of estrogen related receptor gamma (ERRγ) by its specific siRNA significantly abolished BPA induced proliferation of breast cancer cells, while si-ERRα had no similar effect. Moreover, nanomolar BPA up regulated the mRNA and protein levels of ERRγ and triggered its nuclear translocation via a time dependent manner. Further studies revealed that 10(-8)M BPA obviously increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, while had no similar effect on the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK. Further, PD 98059, the inhibitor of ERK1/2, significantly abolished the BPA induced up regulation of ERRγ and proliferation of breast cancer cells. Collectively, our results revealed that nanomolar BPA can trigger the proliferation of breast cancer cells via ERK1/2/ERRγ signals. Given that nanomolar BPA has been widely detected in human tissues, the clinical relevance of BPA and breast cancer progression should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Song
- School of Biomedicine Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biomedicine Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Center of Science and Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- School of Biomedicine Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Biomedicine Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kejian Pan
- School of Biomedicine Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biomedicine Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
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Lim J, Choi HS, Choi HJ. Estrogen-related receptor gamma regulates dopaminergic neuronal phenotype by activating GSK3β/NFAT signaling in SH-SY5Y cells. J Neurochem 2015; 133:544-57. [PMID: 25727910 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) is highly expressed in the nervous system during embryogenesis and in adult brains, but its physiological role in neuronal development remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the relevance of ERRγ in regulating dopaminergic (DAergic) phenotype and the corresponding signaling pathway. We used retinoic acid (RA) to differentiate human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. RA induced neurite outgrowth of SH-SY5Y cells with an increase in DAergic neuron-like properties, including up-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, and vesicular monoamine transporter 2. ERRγ, but not ERRα, was up-regulated by RA, and participated in RA effect on SH-SY5Y cells. ERRγ over-expression enhanced mature DAergic neuronal phenotype with neurite outgrowth as with RA treatment; and RA-induced increase in DAergic phenotype was attenuated by silencing ERRγ expression. ERRγ appears to have a crucial role in morphological and functional regulation of cells that is selective for DAergic neurons. Polo-like kinase 2 was up-regulated in ERRγ-over-expressing SH-SY5Y cells, which was involved in phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and resulting downstream activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells. The likely involvement of ERRγ in regulating the DAergic neuronal phenotype makes this orphan nuclear receptor a novel target for understanding DAergic neuronal differentiation. We propose the relevance of estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) in regulating dopaminergic neuronal phenotype: ERRγ is up-regulated by retinoic acid in SH-SY5Y cells, and enhances dopaminergic phenotypes and induces neurite outgrowth; Polo-like kinase 2 (PLK2) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta/nuclear factor of activated T cells (GSK3β/NFAT) signaling are responsible for the ERRγ effect. Our findings provide the first insights into the role of ERRγ in the brain, as a novel approach toward understanding dopaminergic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Lim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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