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Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Nayak SC, Jadimurthy R, Wang L, Sethi G, Garg M, Rangappa KS. Bacteria as a treasure house of secondary metabolites with anticancer potential. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:998-1013. [PMID: 33979675 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stands in the frontline among leading killers worldwide and the annual mortality rate is expected to reach 16.4 million by 2040. Humans suffer from about 200 different types of cancers and many of them have a small number of approved therapeutic agents. Moreover, several types of major cancers are diagnosed at advanced stages as a result of which the existing therapies have limited efficacy against them and contribute to a dismal prognosis. Therefore, it is essential to develop novel potent anticancer agents to counteract cancer-driven lethality. Natural sources such as bacteria, plants, fungi, and marine microorganisms have been serving as an inexhaustible source of anticancer agents. Notably, over 13,000 natural compounds endowed with different pharmacological properties have been isolated from different bacterial sources. In the present article, we have discussed about the importance of natural products, with special emphasis on bacterial metabolites for cancer therapy. Subsequently, we have comprehensively discussed the various sources, mechanisms of action, toxicity issues, and off-target effects of clinically used anticancer drugs (such as actinomycin D, bleomycin, carfilzomib, doxorubicin, ixabepilone, mitomycin C, pentostatin, rapalogs, and romidepsin) that have been derived from different bacteria. Furthermore, we have also discussed some of the major secondary metabolites (antimycins, chartreusin, elsamicins, geldanamycin, monensin, plicamycin, prodigiosin, rebeccamycin, salinomycin, and salinosporamide) that are currently in the clinical trials or which have demonstrated potent anticancer activity in preclinical models. Besides, we have elaborated on the application of metagenomics in drug discovery and briefly described about anticancer agents (bryostatin 1 and ET-743) identified through the metagenomics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri University, BG Nagara, 571448, Nagamangala Taluk, India
| | - S Chandra Nayak
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Ragi Jadimurthy
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
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Mahmoud MM, Abdel-Razek AS, Hamed A, Soliman HSM, Ponomareva LV, Thorson JS, Shaaban KA, Shaaban M. RF-3192C and other polyketides from the marine endophytic Aspergillus niger ASSB4: structure assignment and bioactivity investigation. Med Chem Res 2021; 30:647-654. [PMID: 38576441 PMCID: PMC10993419 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the methanolic extract of endophytic Aspergillus niger SB4, isolated from the marine alga Laurencia obtuse, afforded the pentacyclic polyketide, RF-3192C (1), the dimeric coumarin orlandin (2), fonsecin B (3), TMC-256A1 (4), cyclo-(Leu-Ala) (5), and cerebroside A (6).The chemical structure of RF-3192C (1) is assigned herein for the first time using 1D/2D NMR and HRESI-MS. Additionally, the revision of the NMR assignments of orlandin (2) was reported herein as well. Investigation of the antimicrobial activities of isolated compounds revealed the high activity of RF-3192C (1) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, and moderate activity against yeast. Moreover, an in vitro cytotoxic activity against liver (HEPG2), cervical (HELA), lung (A549), prostate (PC3), and breast (MCF7) cancer cell lines of the isolated compounds was evaluated. The isolation and taxonomical characterization of the producing fungus was reported as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar M Mahmoud
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ahmed S Abdel-Razek
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33, Dokki-Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdelaaty Hamed
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City-Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hesham S M Soliman
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Larissa V Ponomareva
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mohamed Shaaban
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33, Dokki-Giza 12622, Egypt
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Baird AM, Finn SP, Gray SG, Sheils O. Epigenetic Modifier UHRF1 May Be a Potential Target in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:14-16. [PMID: 33384056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Stephen P Finn
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Histopathology. St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G Gray
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland; LabMed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
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Prabhu Kumar K, Vasantha Kumar B, Kumar PR, Butcher RJ, Vivek H, Suchetan P, Revanasiddappa H, Foro S. Synthesis, characterization, CT‐DNA binding and docking studies of novel selenated ligands and their palladium complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K.M. Prabhu Kumar
- Department of Studies and Research in ChemistryTumkur University Tumkur Karnataka 572 103 India
| | - B.C. Vasantha Kumar
- Department of Studies in ChemistryUniversity of Mysore Mysuru Karnataka 570 006 India
| | - P. Raghavendra Kumar
- Department of Studies and Research in ChemistryTumkur University Tumkur Karnataka 572 103 India
| | | | - H.K. Vivek
- Faculty of Natural SciencesAdichunchanagiri University B. G. Ngara Mandya Karnataka India
| | - P.A. Suchetan
- Department of Studies and Research in ChemistryTumkur University Tumkur Karnataka 572 103 India
| | - H.D. Revanasiddappa
- Department of Studies in ChemistryUniversity of Mysore Mysuru Karnataka 570 006 India
| | - Sabine Foro
- Institute of Materials ScienceDarmstadt University of Technology Petersenstr. 23 D‐64287 Darmstadt Germany
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Choi MC, Choi WH. Mithramycin A Alleviates Osteoarthritic Cartilage Destruction by Inhibiting HIF-2α Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051411. [PMID: 29747385 PMCID: PMC5983647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common and increasing joint disease worldwide. Current treatment for OA is limited to control of symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of specificity protein 1 (SP1) inhibitor Mithramycin A (MitA) on chondrocyte catabolism and OA pathogenesis and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms involving SP1 and other key factors that are critical for OA. Here, we show that MitA markedly inhibited expressions of matrix-degrading enzymes induced by pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in mouse primary chondrocytes. Intra-articular injection of MitA into mouse knee joint alleviated OA cartilage destruction induced by surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). However, modulation of SP1 level in chondrocyte and mouse cartilage did not alter catabolic gene expression or cartilage integrity, respectively. Instead, MitA significantly impaired the expression of HIF-2α known to be critical for OA pathogenesis. Such reduction in expression of HIF-2α by MitA was caused by inhibition of NF-κB activation, at least in part. These results suggest that MitA can alleviate OA pathogenesis by suppressing NF-κB-HIF-2α pathway, thus providing insight into therapeutic strategy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Chang Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Woo Hee Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.
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Goswami S, Sanyal S, Chakraborty P, Das C, Sarkar M. Interaction of a common painkiller piroxicam and copper-piroxicam with chromatin causes structural alterations accompanied by modulation at the epigenomic/genomic level. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2048-2059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tatematsu N, Waguri-Nagaya Y, Kawaguchi Y, Oguri Y, Ikuta K, Kobayashi M, Nozaki M, Asai K, Aoyama M, Otsuka T. Mithramycin has inhibitory effects on gliostatin and matrix metalloproteinase expression induced by gliostatin in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Mod Rheumatol 2017; 28:495-505. [PMID: 28741989 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2017.1350332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gliostatin (GLS) has angiogenic and arthritogenic activities and enzymatic activity as thymidine phosphorylase. Aberrant GLS production has been observed in the synovial membranes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in joint destruction. Promoters of GLS and some MMP genes contain Sp1 binding sites. We examined the inhibitory effect of the Sp1 inhibitor mithramycin on GLS-induced GLS and MMP expression in cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). METHODS Synovial tissue samples were obtained from patients with RA. FLSs pretreated with mithramycin were cultured with GLS. The mRNA expression levels of GLS and MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 were determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions. Protein levels were measured using enzyme immunoassay and gelatin zymography. RESULTS GLS upregulated the expression of GLS itself and of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13, an effect significantly reduced by treatment with mithramycin. GLS and mithramycin had no effect on MMP-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Mithramycin downregulated the increased expression of GLS and MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 in FLSs treated with GLS. Because GLS plays a pathological role in RA, blocking GLS stimulation using an agent such as mithramycin may be a novel approach to antirheumatic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoe Tatematsu
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Yuko Waguri-Nagaya
- b Department of Joint Surgery for Rheumatic Diseases , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Yohei Kawaguchi
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Yusuke Oguri
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Kenji Ikuta
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Masaaki Kobayashi
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Masahiro Nozaki
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Asai
- c Department of Molecular Neurobiology , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Aoyama
- d Department of Pathobiology , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Takanobu Otsuka
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya , Japan
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Chakraborty SD, Sau A, Kuznetsov DV, Banerjee A, Bardhan M, Bhattacharya M, Dasgupta D, Basu S, Senapati D. Development of a Triplet-Triplet Absorption Ruler: DNA- and Chromatin-Mediated Drug Molecule Release from a Nanosurface. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:6872-81. [PMID: 27284775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet (T-T) absorption spectroscopy has been used successfully as a molecular ruler to understand the actual release process of sanguinarine as a drug molecule from a gold nanoparticle surface in the presence of cell components, that is, DNA and chromatin. The obtained results have been verified by fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and a plausible explanation has been put forward to describe the underestimation and overestimation of the percentage (%) of the release of drug molecules measured by fluorescence- and SERS-based techniques, respectively, over the highlighted T-T absorption spectroscopy. Because of the intrinsic nature of absorption, the reported T-T absorption spectroscopic assay overpowers fluorescence- and SERS-based assays, which are limited by the long-range interaction and nonlinear dependence of the concentration of analytes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Denis V Kuznetsov
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology 'MISiS' , Leninsky, Prospect 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
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Rao M, Atay SM, Shukla V, Hong Y, Upham T, Ripley RT, Hong JA, Zhang M, Reardon E, Fetsch P, Miettinen M, Li X, Peer CJ, Sissung T, Figg WD, De Rienzo A, Bueno R, Schrump DS. Mithramycin Depletes Specificity Protein 1 and Activates p53 to Mediate Senescence and Apoptosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:1197-210. [PMID: 26459178 PMCID: PMC4775437 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Specificity protein 1 (SP1) is an oncogenic transcription factor overexpressed in various human malignancies. This study sought to examine SP1 expression in malignant pleural mesotheliomas (MPM) and ascertain the potential efficacy of targeting SP1 in these neoplasms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical techniques were used to evaluate SP1 expression in cultured MPM cells and MPM specimens and normal mesothelial cells/pleura. MTS, chemotaxis, soft agar, β-galactosidase, and Apo-BrdUrd techniques were used to assess proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, senescence, and apoptosis in MPM cells following SP1 knockdown, p53 overexpression, or mithramycin treatment. Murine subcutaneous and intraperitoneal xenograft models were used to examine effects of mithramycin on MPM growth in vivo. Microarray, qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and chromatin immunoprecipitation techniques were used to examine gene expression profiles mediated by mithramycin and combined SP1 knockdown/p53 overexpression and correlate these changes with SP1 and p53 levels within target gene promoters. RESULTS MPM cells and tumors exhibited higher SP1 mRNA and protein levels relative to control cells/tissues. SP1 knockdown significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and clonogenicity of MPM cells. Mithramycin depleted SP1 and activated p53, dramatically inhibiting proliferation and clonogenicity of MPM cells. Intraperitoneal mithramycin significantly inhibited growth of subcutaneous MPM xenografts and completely eradicated mesothelioma carcinomatosis in 75% of mice. Mithramycin modulated genes mediating oncogene signaling, cell-cycle regulation, senescence, and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The growth-inhibitory effects of mithramycin in MPM cells were recapitulated by combined SP1 knockdown/p53 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preclinical rationale for phase II evaluation of mithramycin in patients with mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadev Rao
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Scott M Atay
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vivek Shukla
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Young Hong
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Trevor Upham
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - R Taylor Ripley
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie A Hong
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary Zhang
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emily Reardon
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patricia Fetsch
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xinmin Li
- Clinical Micro-array Core, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cody J Peer
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tristan Sissung
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William D Figg
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Assunta De Rienzo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raphael Bueno
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Banerjee A, Sanyal S, Majumder P, Chakraborty P, Jana K, Das C, Dasgupta D. Recognition of chromatin by the plant alkaloid, ellipticine as a dual binder. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:352-7. [PMID: 25960297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of core histone components of chromatin along with chromosomal DNA by a class of small molecule modulators is worth examining to evaluate their intracellular mode of action. A plant alkaloid ellipticine (ELP) which is a putative anticancer agent has so far been reported to function via DNA intercalation, association with topoisomerase II and binding to telomere region. However, its effect upon the potential intracellular target, chromatin is hitherto unreported. Here we have characterized the biomolecular recognition between ELP and different hierarchical levels of chromatin. The significant result is that in addition to DNA, it binds to core histone(s) and can be categorized as a 'dual binder'. As a sequel to binding with histone(s) and core octamer, it alters post-translational histone acetylation marks. We have further demonstrated that it has the potential to modulate gene expression thereby regulating several key biological processes such as nuclear organization, transcription, translation and histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Sulagna Sanyal
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Parijat Majumder
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Translational Animal Research, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India.
| | - Dipak Dasgupta
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Block-AF, Sector-1, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India.
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