1
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Komal, Sherzada S, Imran M, Khan SA, Wajid A. A multiplex PCR assay to detect mislabelling in fish products. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2024; 17:198-207. [PMID: 38726701 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2024.2349606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Fish substitution in fish products is an important issue in fish markets, as it is a widespread practice. An authentication protocol for Rohu, Thaila and Tilapia was developed by multiplex PCR. Three species-specific and one degenerate common forward primer were designed using the Cytb gene of the mitochondrial genome. These primers for Labeo rohita, Labeo catla and Oreochromis niloticus showed the fragment size of 235 bp, 186 bp and 506 bp on the agarose gel, respectively. The primers for L. rohita and L. catla were sensitive to 0.1 ng of DNA template, while for O. niloticus this value was 1 ng of DNA template. A total of 230 commercial samples (160 fried and 70 processed fish products) were screened, where 60% mislabeling in fried and 30% mislabeling in processed fish were found. This multiplex PCR protocol could give useful insights for food inspection and enforcement of regulatory food control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Sherzada
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akram Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
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2
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Singh M, Young RG, Hellberg RS, Hanner RH, Corradini MG, Farber JM. Twenty-three years of PCR-based seafood authentication assay development: What have we learned? Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13401. [PMID: 39073284 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Seafood is a prime target for fraudulent activities due to the complexity of its supply chain, high demand, and difficult discrimination among species once morphological characteristics are removed. Instances of seafood fraud are expected to increase due to growing demand. This manuscript reviews the application of DNA-based methods for commercial fish authentication and identification from 2000 to 2023. It explores (1) the most common types of commercial fish used in assay development, (2) the type of method used, (3) the gene region most often targeted, (4) provides a case study of currently published assays or primer-probe pairs used for DNA amplification, for specificity, and (5) makes recommendations for ensuring standardized assay-based reporting for future studies. A total of 313 original assays for the detection and authentication of commercial fish species from 191 primary articles published over the last 23 years were examined. The most explored DNA-based method was real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), followed by DNA sequencing. The most targeted gene regions were cytb (cytochrome b) and COI (cytochrome c oxidase 1). Tuna was the most targeted commercial fish species. A case study of published tuna assays (n = 19) targeting the cytb region found that most assays were not species-specific through in silico testing. This was conducted by examining the primer mismatch for each assay using multiple sequence alignment. Therefore, there is need for more standardized DNA-based assay reporting in the literature to ensure specificity, reproducibility, and reliability of results. Factors, such as cost, sensitivity, quality of the DNA, and species, should be considered when designing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maleeka Singh
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert G Young
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosalee S Hellberg
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Food Science Program, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | - Robert H Hanner
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria G Corradini
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Arrell Food Institute, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Farber
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Yang SM, Kim JS, Kim E, Kim HY. Rapid and Simultaneous Authentication of Six Laver Species Using Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Multiplex PCR. Foods 2024; 13:363. [PMID: 38338499 PMCID: PMC10855616 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lavers are typically consumed in dried or seasoned forms. However, commercially processed lavers can lead to seafood fraud because it is impossible to authenticate the original species based on morphological characteristics alone. In this study, we developed a capillary electrophoresis-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to authenticate six different laver species. The species-specific primer sets to target the chloroplast rbcL or rbcS genes were newly designed. We successfully established both singleplex and multiplex conditions, which resulted in specific amplicons for each species (N. dentata, 274 bp; N. yezoensis, 211 bp; N. seriata, 195 bp; N. tenera, 169 bp; N. haitanensis, 127 bp; P. suborbiculata, 117 bp). Moreover, the assays were sensitive enough to detect DNA ranging from 10 to 0.1 pg of DNA. The optimized capillary electrophoresis-based multiplex PCR was successfully applied to 40 commercial laver products. In addition to detecting the laver species as stated on the commercial label, the assay discovered cases where less expensive species were mixed in. With its advantageous properties, such as short amplicon size, high specificity, and superior sensitivity, this assay could be used for the authentication of the six laver species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.Y.); (J.-S.K.); (E.K.)
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Negi A, Lakshmi P, Praba K, Meenatchi R, Pare A. Detection of Food Adulterants in Different Foodstuff. Food Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119792130.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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A Multiplex PCR Assay Combined with Capillary Electrophoresis for the Simultaneous Identification of Atlantic Cod, Pacific Cod, Blue Whiting, Haddock, and Alaska Pollock. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112631. [PMID: 34828912 PMCID: PMC8618353 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increased consumption of seafood products, food fraud with fish resources has been continuously reported. In particular, codfish has been exploited worldwide as a processed product in fresh, frozen, smoked, canned, or ready-to-eat dish forms. However, it is challenging to identify processed fish products after processing because of their similar morphological characteristics. Substitution and mislabeling of codfish among different species are also happening deliberately or unintentionally. Thus, it is necessary to distinguish cod species to prevent fish adulteration and food fraud. In this study, we developed a multiplex PCR for simultaneously identifying five cod species within Gadidae using capillary electrophoresis. Then, their species-specific primer sets were designed by targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Subsequently, the amplicon sizes obtained were 237 bp, 204 bp, 164 bp, 138 bp, and 98 bp for Atlantic cod, Pacific cod, blue whiting, haddock, and Alaska pollock, respectively. The specificity of each primer was further tested using 19 fish species, and no cross-reactivity was observed. The limit of detection of this multiplex PCR assay was 1 pg. The developed multiplex PCR assay can be applied to 40 commercial food products successfully. This detection method will be efficient for managing seafood authentication by simultaneously analyzing multiple cod species.
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Sangthong D, Suwannarat S, Samipak S, Sangthong P. Multiplex PCR assay for species identification of meat and dairy products from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), cattle (Bos indicus and Bos taurus), goat (Capra hircus), and sheep (Ovis aries). INTERNATIONAL FOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.47836/ifrj.28.4.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cases of fraudulent meat and dairy products have increased worldwide, especially in developing countries. To determine the misrepresented animal species, appropriate tools in routine monitoring should be available for food inspections. In the present work, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for species identification of products from ruminants including buffalo, cattle, goat, and sheep was developed. The primer set KUMUT_cFarmSp1 was composed of five species-specific primers and a pair of positive-control primers. The primer set amplified 106-, 163-, 232-, and 308-bp specific fragments from the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene of buffalo, cattle, goat, and sheep, respectively, and 370-bp positive-control fragment from 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA). The detection limit of this PCR assay is 0.1 ng of DNA template. The developed primer set exhibited strong specificity, sensitivity, robustness, and simplicity for food verification, thus indicating its usefulness for species verification in food quality control and law enforcement.
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7
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In-house and on-field validation of the multiplex PCR assay developed for authentication of three commercially important shrimp species. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Molecular phylogeny of mitochondrial DNA: Shrimp species identification by multiplex and real-time PCR. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Miranda JM, Carrera M, Pastén A, Vega‐Gálvez A, Barros‐Velázquez J, Aubourg SP. The Impact of Quinoa (
Chenopodium quinoa
Willd.) Ethanolic Extracts in the Icing Medium on Quality Loss of Atlantic Chub Mackerel (
Scomber colias
) Under Chilling Storage. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Miranda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food ScienceSchool of Veterinary SciencesUniversidad de Santiago de Compostela27002 LugoSpain
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC)36208 VigoSpain
| | - Alexis Pastén
- Food Engineering DepartmentUniversidad de La Serena1700000 La SerenaChile
| | | | - Jorge Barros‐Velázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food ScienceSchool of Veterinary SciencesUniversidad de Santiago de Compostela27002 LugoSpain
| | - Santiago P. Aubourg
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC)36208 VigoSpain
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10
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Lo YT, Shaw PC. DNA-based techniques for authentication of processed food and food supplements. Food Chem 2018; 240:767-774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Veneza I, da Silva R, Sampaio I, Schneider H, Gomes G. Molecular protocol for authentication of snappers (Lutjanidae-Perciformes) based on multiplex PCR. Food Chem 2017; 232:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Suwannarat S, Sangthong D, Samipak S, Sangthong P. A multiplex PCR assay for the identification of five commercially important Portunid crabs: Portunus pelagicus, P. gladiator, P. sanguinolentus, Charybdis natator, and C. feriatus. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2017.1331452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songmeung Suwannarat
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Danai Sangthong
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Basic Professional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sompid Samipak
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pradit Sangthong
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Sangthong P, Ngernsiri L, Sangthong D. Identification of Puffer Fish of the GenusLagocephalus: L. lunaris, L. spadiceusandL. inermis, Using Multiplex PCR. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2014.931865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Ali ME, Razzak MA, Hamid SBA. Multiplex PCR in Species Authentication: Probability and Prospects—A Review. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Rencova E, Kostelnikova D, Tremlova B. Detection of allergenic parvalbumin of Atlantic and Pacific herrings in fish products by PCR. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1679-83. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.817024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Velasco A, Sánchez A, Martínez I, Santaclara FJ, Pérez-Martín RI, Sotelo CG. Development of a real-time PCR method for the identification of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Food Chem 2013; 141:2006-10. [PMID: 23870921 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A Real Time-PCR method based on TaqMan technology for the identification of Scomber scombrus has been developed. A system of specific primers and a Minor Groove Binding (MGB) TaqMan probe based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b region was designed. The method was successfully tested in 81 specimens of S. scombrus and related species and validated in 26 different commercial samples. An average Threshold Cycle (Ct) value of 15.3 was obtained with S. scombrus DNA. With the other species tested fluorescence signal was not detected or Ct was significantly higher (P<0.001). The efficiency of the assay was estimated to be 92.41%, with 100% specificity, and no cross reactivity was detected with any other species. These results reveal that the developed method is a rapid and efficient tool to unequivocally identify S. scombrus and may aid in the prevention of fraud or mislabelling in mackerel products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Velasco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, E-36208 Vigo, Spain.
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CAO J, LI J, ZHENG Q, XU J. Specific Real-time PCR Detection of Monkfish Ingredients. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.19.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Martinez I, Velasco A, Pérez-Martín R, Forås E, Yamashita M, Sotelo CG. Evaluation of a Fast Method Based on the Presence of Two Restriction Sites in the Mitochondrial ND5 (mt ND5) Gene for the Identification ofScomberSpecies. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2012.664804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Armani A, Castigliego L, Tinacci L, Gianfaldoni D, Guidi A. Multiplex conventional and real-time PCR for fish species identification of Bianchetto (juvenile form of Sardina pilchardus), Rossetto (Aphia minuta), and Icefish in fresh, marinated and cooked products. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Chiu TH, Su YC, Pai JY, Chang HC. Molecular markers for detection and diagnosis of the giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus). Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Advances in DNA-based techniques for the detection of seafood species substitution on the commercial market. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:308-21. [PMID: 21764026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jala.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased worldwide trade and processing of seafood has increased the potential for species substitution on the commercial market. To detect and prevent species substitution, several deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based methods have been developed that can be used to identify species in a variety of food types. For large-scale applications, such as regulatory screening, these methods must be rapid, cost-effective, reliable, and have high potential for automation. This review highlights recent technological advances in DNA-based identification methods, with a focus on seafood species identification in automated, high-throughput settings. Advances in DNA isolation methods include silica-based columns for use in high-throughput operations and magnetic bead particles for increased and targeted recovery of DNA. The three most widely used methods for seafood species identification (polymerase chain reaction [PCR] sequencing, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and species-specific PCR) will be discussed, with a focus on the incorporation of technologies such as rapid PCR cycling, microfluidic chips, and real-time PCR. Emerging methods, including DNA microarrays and next-generation sequencing will also be explored for their potential to identify seafood species on a large scale. Overall, many of the technological advances discussed here offer complementary properties that will enable species identification in a variety of settings and with a range of products.
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