Techno-functional properties and in vitro bile acid-binding capacities of tamarillo ( Solanum betaceum Cav.) hydrocolloids

Effects of Concentration and Heating/Cooling Rate on Rheological Behavior of Sesamum indicum Seed Hydrocolloid

Hydrocolloids are known as natural hydrophilic biopolymers that can contribute viscosity and gelation in solution, as well as nutritional benefits, thus, they are widely used in the food industry. In our work, hydrocolloid was isolated by aqueous extraction of Sesamum indicum seed at 80 °C and pH 8.0. The chemical composition and functional properties of Sesamum indicum seed hydrocolloid (SISH) were characterized, and the effects of concentration including 1%, 2%, and 3% as well as heating/cooling rate (1, 5, and 10 °C/min) on the rheological behavior of SISH dispersions in aqueous solution were investigated. The viscoelastic properties of SISH dispersions were characterized by small-amplitude oscillatory shear measurement. The resultant SISH consisted of 60.95% carbohydrate and 23.32% protein, and was thus endowed with a relatively high water-holding capacity, solubility, appropriate emulsifying and foaming properties. Rheological results revealed that the aqueous dispersion of SISH exhibited a non-Newtonian shear-thinning flow behavior. The viscoelastic moduli changes were found to be dependent on SISH concentration, temperature, and heating/cooling rate. Increasing SISH concentrations from 1% to 3% promoted the development of stronger cross-link network. The mechanical spectra derived from strain and frequency sweep measurements showed that the storage moduli were always higher than the loss moduli, and the loss tangent was calculated to be above 0.1 and below 1.0. Furthermore, both moduli had slight frequency dependency, and the complex viscosity exhibited an almost linear reduction with the increase of frequency. Therefore, SISH dispersion behaved as a weak gel-like system. The hysteresis of viscoelastic moduli during heating and cooling reduced with decreasing the heating-cooling rates from 10 to 1 °C/min, suggesting that SISH molecules had enough time to develop a stable and thermally irreversible network. Overall, SISH can be regarded as an acceptable hydrocolloid for generating natural food components with intriguing functional and rheological qualities in the formulation of microstructured goods.

Solanum betaceum Fruits Waste: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds to Be Used in Foods and Non-Foods Applications

The fruit supply chain generates large amounts of waste that are often used as animal feed and in the production of both composts and fertilizers and biogas (anaerobic digestion). Since these types of procedures imply high economic costs related to drying, storage, and transport processes, more efficient and environmentally friendly utilization and recycling of this kind of waste are becoming significant for governments and industries. However, improper waste disposal increases the burden on the environment. Many of these fruit wastes, such as Solanum betaceum fruit waste, viz., peels, seeds, and pomace, could be considered potent bio-resource materials for several applications in the food and non-food industries due to their richness in valuable compounds. The basic composition of Solanum betaceum fruits seed has a high content of protein (20%), fiber (around 25%), sugar (11-20%) and low lipid content (0.4%), while S. betaceum peel has a low content of sugar (2-9%), protein (8-10%) and lipid (0.2-0.8%) and high fiber content (23%). Regarding the phytochemicals, the wastes have a high level of phenolics (0.2-0.6%) and pigments such as anthocyanins (0.06%). The inherent bioactive compounds of waste can be used as natural ingredients for foods, cosmetics, medicines, and the production of packaging materials production. Along this line, the present review covers all possible approaches for the valorization of S.betaceum waste in the food and non-food sectors.

Rheological and Functional Properties of Hydrocolloids from Pereskia bleo Leaves

The food industry has increased its interest in using natural and consumer-friendly ingredients to produce food products. In the case of hydrocolloids of natural origin, the materials are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. This study aimed to isolate hydrocolloids from Pereskia bleo leaves and evaluate their proximal composition, technological and rheological properties. High-carbohydrate Pereskia bleo with high water holding capacity and emulsifying stability were obtained. The samples showed a shear-thinning behavior adjusted to the Cross model (R2 > 0.93) and a high dependence on temperature corroborating with the higher activation energy value (11.78 kJ/mol, R2 = 0.99) as an indicator of a rapid change in viscosity and microstructure. The viscoelastic properties are shown with a storage modulus higher than the loss modulus, presenting a gel structure. The isolation of hydrocolloids from leaves is a major challenge for commercializing natural ingredients with technological properties. Therefore, this study suggests that these hydrocolloids from Pereskia bleo leaves can be good ingredients in microstructure and texturizing products, improving the stability as thickener agents.

The Renaissance of Plant Mucilage in Health Promotion and Industrial Applications: A Review

Plant mucilage is a renewable and cost-effective source of plant-based compounds that are biologically active, biodegradable, biocompatible, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly. Until recently, plant mucilage has been of interest mostly for technological purposes. This review examined both its traditional uses and potential modern applications in a new generation of health-promoting foods, as well as in cosmetics and biomaterials. We explored the nutritional, phytochemical, and pharmacological richness of plant mucilage, with a particular focus on its biological activity. We also highlighted areas where more research is needed in order to understand the full commercial potential of plant mucilage.

A fast and simple ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography method for analysis of primary bile salts in in vitro digested bean samples

Bile salts (BS) play a key role in cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as in many other key metabolic pathways. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the most common technique used to analyze BS in diverse type of samples. However, current HPLC analysis methods used to analyze and quantify single BS in in vitro digested samples showed poor separation of a complex mixture of BS. In this article, we improved a standard method originally used for quantifying individual BS in food samples subjected to in vitro digestion. We also adapted a method previously developed for BS examination in human blood samples to the analysis of these molecules in chyme samples obtained during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Our method was simple and achieved a fast and successful separation and quantification of four primary BS (sodium salts of taurocholic, glycocholic, taurochenodeoxycholic and glycochenodeoxycholic acids).•

A method used to analyze bile salts in human blood samples has been adapted to separate and quantify four primary bile salts in in vitro digested bean samples.

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Addition of an ion-pair reagent led to complete separation of glycine and taurine conjugates of chenodeoxycholic and cholic acids within 10 min, and achieved good peak symmetry.

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The minimum BS concentration that could be measured was as low as 0.03125mM.

Comparisons of Functional Properties of Polysaccharides from Nostoc flagelliforme under Three Culture Conditions

Nostoc flagelliforme is an edible cyanobacterium with excellent food and herbal values. It has been used as food in China for more than 2000 years. Many studies have been focused on improving the yield and bioactivity of Nostoc flagelliforme polysaccharides although these have ignored the functional properties. In this study, we extracted and purified three polysaccharides (WL-CPS, NaCl-CPS and Glu-CPS) from Nostoc flagelliforme under normal, salt stress and mixotrophic culture conditions, respectively, in order to change the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides with the aim of obtaining better functional properties. Both salt stress and mixotrophic culture conditions increased the specific yield of polysaccharides. Their functional properties were comparatively investigated and the results showed that NaCl-CPS exhibited the highest emulsification activity and flocculation capability, which was also higher than that of some commercial products. In contrast, Glu-CPS exhibited the highest water and oil holding capacities, foaming property, intrinsic viscosity and bile acids binding capacity. Our results indicated that both NaCl-CPS and Glu-CPS could be considered to be functional polysaccharides according to their respective characteristics, which have great potential in numerous applications, such as food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical and mineral industries. These findings also demonstrated the potential application of the proper regulation of culture conditions in the development of polysaccharides with desired functional properties.