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Yang L, Yu B, Yuan J, Xing R, Wang R, Chen X, Hu S. Trioctylphosphine oxide-based hydrophobic magnetic deep eutectic solvent as a novel extractant for the enrichment of primary aromatic amines from juice and environmental water. Talanta 2024; 277:126338. [PMID: 38823328 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel technique utilizing vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with magnetic deep eutectic solvents (MDESs) was established and coupled with HPLC-UV to analyze six primary aromatic amines (PAAs). A novel hydrophobic MDES prepared from trioctylphosphine oxide, octanol, and CoCl2 was used as the extractant, which could be dispersed uniformly during extraction, then floated onto the sample surface and re-aggregated into a single drop spontaneously after the extraction. The variables influencing the efficiency of the extraction process were investigated. When performing under the optimal extraction conditions, this method exhibited excellent linearity, low limits of detection (0.2-0.9 ng mL-1), and high precision (RSD ≤ 8.3 %). The enrichment factors ranged from 56 to 182. Satisfactory recoveries in the range of 91.6-109.2 % with RSDs < 7.1 % were obtained from three apple juices and three environmental water samples. The greenness and practicality of the developed method were assessed by AGREE, AGREEprep, and blue applicability grade index metric tools. Overall, the established procedure demonstrated its simplicity, speediness, environmental friendliness, and effectiveness in analyzing PAAs from aqueous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Bolin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Jie Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Rongrong Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Runqin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Xuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Shuang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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Krupčíková S, Stiborek M, Kalousková P, Urík J, Šimek Z, Melymuk L, Muz M, Vrana B. Investigation of occurrence of aromatic amines in municipal wastewaters using passive sampling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173196. [PMID: 38750764 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic amines (AAs) are human-made compounds known for their mutagenic properties, entering surface waters from various sources, often originating as transformation products of dyes or pesticides. Despite their low concentrations in surface waters, AAs can exhibit mutagenicity. Our study focused on evaluating three passive samplers (PSs) for enriching these compounds from influent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Brno, Czech Republic. The PSs tested included variants containing AttractSPE™ SDB-RPS sorbent disk, one with and one without a diffusive agarose hydrogel layer, and a modified Speedisk (Bakerbond Speedisk® H2O-Philic). PSs were deployed in wastewater (WW) for one to four weeks in various overlapping combinations, and the uptake of AAs to PSs was compared to their concentrations in 24-hour composite water samples. A targeted LC/MS analysis covered 42 amines, detecting 11 and 13 AAs in daily composite influent and effluent samples, respectively. In the influent, AAs ranged from 1.5 ng L-1 for 1-anilinonaphthalene to 1.0 μg L-1 for aniline, and the highest concentration among all measured amines was observed for cyclohexylamine at 2.9 μg L-1. In the effluent, concentrations ranged from 0.5 ng L-1 for 1-anilinonaphthalene to 88 ng L-1 for o-anisidine. PSs demonstrated comparable accumulation of amines, with integrative uptake up to 28 days in both influent and effluent and detection of up to 23 and 27 amines in influent and effluent, respectively; altogether 34 compounds were detected in the study. Sampling rates (Rs) were estimated for compounds present in at least 50 % of the samples and showing <40 % aqueous concentration variability, with robustness evaluated by comparing values for compounds in WWTP influent and effluent. Although all devices performed similarly, hydrogel-based PS exhibited superior performance in several criteria, including time integration and robustness of sampling rates, making it a suitable monitoring tool for AAs in WW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Krupčíková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Marek Stiborek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Kalousková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Urík
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Šimek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Melis Muz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZ, Department Exposure Science, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Branislav Vrana
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Katthanet K, Supo S, Jaroensan J, Khiaophong W, Kachangoon R, Ponhong K, Pramual P, Thanee I, Vichapong J. Preconcentration of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Edible Fried Insects Using Surfactant-Assisted Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent for Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Microextraction prior to HPLC. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3962-3970. [PMID: 38284016 PMCID: PMC10809262 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Thermal processing techniques are often accompanied by the production of many harmful compounds such as heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs). To protect human health, an efficient and environmentally friendly method, namely, homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (HLLME), was investigated. This method is based on a surfactant-assisted hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the determination of HAAs in edible fried insect samples prior to their analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detection. A hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (as extraction solvent) was synthesized using decanoic acid as a hydrogen bond donor and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) as a hydrogen bond acceptor and then characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The surfactant was used as the emulsifier and induces mass transfer, resulting in an increasing extraction efficiency of the proposed method. Various factors affecting the extraction performance were investigated and optimized. A matrix-match calibration method was used to analyze HAAs in high heat-treated edible fried insect samples. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99) with satisfactory limits of detection and satisfactory reproducibility with relative standard deviation of less than 10.0%. Furthermore, the procedure greenness was assessed using the Analytical Eco-Scale. This paper represents the first application of HLLME based on a surfactant-assisted hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent to analyze HAAs in edible fried insect samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanlayanee Katthanet
- Creative
Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Suangchon Supo
- Creative
Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Jedsada Jaroensan
- Creative
Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Wannipha Khiaophong
- Creative
Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Rawikan Kachangoon
- Creative
Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Kraingkrai Ponhong
- Creative
Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
- Multidisciplinary
Research Unit of Pure and Applied Chemistry (MRUPAC), Department of
Chemistry and Center of Excellent for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Pairot Pramual
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham
University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Isara Thanee
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham
University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Jitlada Vichapong
- Creative
Chemistry and Innovation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
- Multidisciplinary
Research Unit of Pure and Applied Chemistry (MRUPAC), Department of
Chemistry and Center of Excellent for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
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Hou L, Zhao C, Wu G, Zhao J, Zhao L. Application of ComplexGAPI for the green assessment of a deep eutectic solvent-based ferrofluid assisted liquid-liquid microextraction method for detection of dimethyl phthalate in beverage samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3989-3998. [PMID: 36189826 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01185a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel ferrofluid was prepared by combining a menthol/thymol deep eutectic solvent with magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@OA). This composite was first applied in vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-LLME), followed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for the determination of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) residues in beverages. The synthesized deep eutectic solvent-based ferrofluid (DES-FF) was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the type of carrier, pH of the sample solution, ferrofluid volume, salt amount, vortex time, type and volume of elution solvents and desorption time were statistically optimized for high extraction efficiencies. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.008 μg mL-1 and 0.03 μg mL-1, respectively. Moreover, the mean recoveries for DMP ranged from 85.2% to 99.5%, and intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 5.5% and 7.8%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of dimethyl phthalate in real samples, making it a promising analysis technique for beverage samples. The greenness of the entire procedure of our proposed method was assessed by comparing it with other reported methods using ComplexGAPI (Complex Green Analytical Procedure Index). The results show that our proposed method has a better greenness than other reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Guangqing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
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