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Zhou G, Liu Y, Dong P, Mao Y, Zhu L, Luo X, Zhang Y. Airborne signals of Pseudomonas fluorescens modulate swimming motility and biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes in a contactless coculture system. Food Microbiol 2024; 120:104494. [PMID: 38431335 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs) facilitate interspecies communication in socio-microbiology across physical barriers, thereby influencing interactions between diverse species. The impact of BVCs emitted from Pseudomonas on the biofilm formation characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes within the same ecological niche has been scarcely investigated under practical conditions of food processing. The objective of this study was to explore the motility and biofilm formation characteristics of L. monocytogenes under the impact of Pseudomonas BVCs. It was revealed that BVCs of P. fluorescens, P. lundensis, and P. fragi significantly promoted swimming motility of L. monocytogenes (P < 0.05). As evidenced by crystal violet staining, the L. monocytogenes biofilms reached a maximum OD570 value of approximately 3.78 at 4 d, which was 0.65 units markedly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Despite a decrease in adherent cells of L. monocytogenes biofilms among the BVCs groups, there was a remarkable increase in the abundance of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins with 3.58 and 4.90 μg/cm2, respectively (P < 0.05), contributing to more compact matrix architectures, which suggested that the BVCs of P. fluorescens enhanced L. monocytogenes biofilm formation through promoting the secretion of extracellular polymers. Moreover, the prominent up-regulated expression of virulence genes further revealed the positive regulation of L. monocytogenes under the influence of BVCs. Additionally, the presence of BVCs significantly elevated the pH and TVB-N levels in both the swimming medium and biofilm broth, thereby exhibiting a strong positive correlation with increased motility and biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes. It highlighted the crucial signaling regulatory role of BVCs in bacterial interactions, while also emphasizing the potential food safety risk associated with the hitchhiking behavior of L. monocytogenes, thereby shedding light on advancements in control strategies for food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yunge Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lixian Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an Shandong, 271018, China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; International Joint Research Lab (China and Greece) of Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Food Safety and Sustainability, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Mougin J, Midelet G, Leterme S, Best G, Ells T, Joyce A, Whiley H, Brauge T. Benzalkonium chloride disinfectant residues stimulate biofilm formation and increase survival of Vibrio bacterial pathogens. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1309032. [PMID: 38414711 PMCID: PMC10897976 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1309032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio spp. are opportunistic human and animal pathogens found ubiquitously in marine environments. Globally, there is a predicted rise in the prevalence of Vibrio spp. due to increasing ocean temperatures, which carries significant implications for public health and the seafood industry. Consequently, there is an urgent need for enhanced strategies to control Vibrio spp. and prevent contamination, particularly in aquaculture and seafood processing facilities. Presently, these industries employ various disinfectants, including benzalkonium chloride (BAC), as part of their management strategies. While higher concentrations of BAC may be effective against these pathogens, inadequate rinsing post-disinfection could result in residual concentrations of BAC in the surrounding environment. This study aimed to investigate the adaptation and survival of Vibrio spp. exposed to varying concentrations of BAC residues. Results revealed that Vibrio bacteria, when exposed, exhibited a phenotypic adaptation characterized by an increase in biofilm biomass. Importantly, this effect was found to be strain-specific rather than species-specific. Exposure to BAC residues induced physiological changes in Vibrio biofilms, leading to an increase in the number of injured and alive cells within the biofilm. The exact nature of the "injured" bacteria remains unclear, but it is postulated that BAC might heighten the risk of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria development. These VBNC bacteria pose a significant threat, especially since they cannot be detected using the standard culture-based methods commonly employed for microbiological risk assessment in aquaculture and seafood industries. The undetected presence of VBNC bacteria could result in recurrent contamination events and subsequent disease outbreaks. This study provides evidence regarding the role of c-di-GMP signaling pathways in Vibrio adaptation mechanisms and suggests that c-di-GMP mediated repression is a potential avenue for further research. The findings underscore that the misuse and overuse of BAC may increase the risk of biofilm development and bacterial survival within the seafood processing chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mougin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Graziella Midelet
- Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sophie Leterme
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biofilm Research and Innovation, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Giles Best
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy Ells
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Alyssa Joyce
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Harriet Whiley
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biofilm Research and Innovation, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Thomas Brauge
- Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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Lake FB, Chen J, van Overbeek LS, Baars JJP, Abee T, den Besten HMW. Biofilm formation and desiccation survival of Listeria monocytogenes with microbiota on mushroom processing surfaces and the effect of cleaning and disinfection. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 411:110509. [PMID: 38101188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial multispecies communities consisting of background microbiota and Listeria monocytogenes could be established on materials used in food processing environments. The presence, abundance and diversity of the strains within these microbial multispecies communities may be affected by mutual interactions and differences in resistance towards regular cleaning and disinfection (C&D) procedures. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the growth and diversity of a L. monocytogenes strain cocktail (n = 6) during biofilm formation on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and stainless steel (SS) without and with the presence of a diverse set of background microbiota (n = 18). L. monocytogenes and background microbiota strains were isolated from mushroom processing environments and experiments were conducted in simulated mushroom processing environmental conditions using mushroom extract as growth medium and ambient temperature (20 °C) as culturing temperature. The L. monocytogenes strains applied during monospecies biofilm incubation formed biofilms on both PVC and SS coupons, and four cycles of C&D treatment were applied with a chlorinated alkaline cleaning agent and a disinfection agent based on peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. After each C&D treatment, the coupons were re-incubated for two days during an incubation period for 8 days in total, and C&D resulted in effective removal of biofilms from SS (reduction of 4.5 log CFU/cm2 or less, resulting in counts below detection limit of 1.5 log CFU/cm2 after every C&D treatment), while C&D treatments on biofilms formed on PVC resulted in limited reductions (reductions between 1.2 and 2.4 log CFU/cm2, which equals a reduction of 93.7 % and 99.6 %, respectively). Incubation of the L. monocytogenes strains with the microbiota during multispecies biofilm incubation led to the establishment of L. monocytogenes in the biofilm after 48 h incubation with corresponding high L. monocytogenes strain diversity in the multispecies biofilm on SS and PVC. C&D treatments removed L. monocytogenes from multispecies biofilm communities on SS (reduction of 3.5 log CFU/cm2 or less, resulting in counts below detection limit of 1.5 log CFU/cm2 after every C&D treatment), with varying dominance of microbiota species during different C&D cycles. However, C&D treatments of multispecies biofilm on PVC resulted in lower reductions of L. monocytogenes (between 0.2 and 2.4 log CFU/cm2) compared to single species biofilm, and subsequent regrowth of L. monocytogenes and stable dominance of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas. In addition, planktonic cultures of L. monocytogenes were deposited and desiccated on dry surfaces without and with the presence of planktonic background microbiota cultures. The observed decline of desiccated cell counts over time was faster on SS compared to PVC. However, the application of C&D resulted in counts below the detection limit of 1.7 log CFU/coupon on both surfaces (reduction of 5.9 log CFU/coupon or less). This study shows that L. monocytogenes is able to form single and multispecies biofilms on PVC with high strain diversity following C&D treatments. This highlights the need to apply more stringent C&D regime treatments for especially PVC and similar surfaces to efficiently remove biofilm cells from food processing surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank B Lake
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jingjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Leo S van Overbeek
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan J P Baars
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708, PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Heidy M W den Besten
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Brauge T, Mougin J, Ells T, Midelet G. Sources and contamination routes of seafood with human pathogenic Vibrio spp.: A Farm-to-Fork approach. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13283. [PMID: 38284576 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Vibrio spp., known human foodborne pathogens, thrive in freshwater, estuaries, and marine settings, causing vibriosis upon ingestion. The rising global vibriosis cases due to climate change necessitate a deeper understanding of Vibrio epidemiology and human transmission. This review delves into Vibrio contamination in seafood, scrutinizing its sources and pathways. We comprehensively assess the contamination of human-pathogenic Vibrio in the seafood chain, covering raw materials to processed products. A "Farm-to-Fork" approach, aligned with the One Health concept, is essential for grasping the complex nature of Vibrio contamination. Vibrio's widespread presence in natural and farmed aquatic environments establishes them as potential entry points into the seafood chain. Environmental factors, including climate, human activities, and wildlife, influence contamination sources and routes, underscoring the need to understand the origin and transmission of pathogens in raw seafood. Once within the seafood chain, the formation of protective biofilms on various surfaces in production and processing poses significant food safety risks, necessitating proper cleaning and disinfection to prevent microbial residue. In addition, inadequate seafood handling, from inappropriate processing procedures to cross-contamination via pests or seafood handlers, significantly contributes to Vibrio food contamination, thus warranting attention to reduce risks. Information presented here support the imperative for proactive measures, robust research, and interdisciplinary collaboration in order to effectively mitigate the risks posed by human pathogenic Vibrio contamination, safeguarding public health and global food security. This review serves as a crucial resource for researchers, industrials, and policymakers, equipping them with the knowledge to develop biosecurity measures associated with Vibrio-contaminated seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brauge
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Julia Mougin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Timothy Ells
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Graziella Midelet
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne sur Mer, France
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Chowdhury B, Anand S. Environmental persistence of Listeria monocytogenes and its implications in dairy processing plants. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4573-4599. [PMID: 37680027 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Listeriosis, an invasive illness with a fatality rate between 20% and 30%, is caused by the ubiquitous bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Human listeriosis has long been associated with foods. This is because the ubiquitous nature of the bacteria renders it a common food contaminant, posing a significant risk to the food processing sector. Although several sophisticated stress coping mechanisms have been identified as significant contributing factors toward the pathogen's persistence, a complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying persistence across various strains remains limited. Moreover, aside from genetic aspects that promote the ability to cope with stress, various environmental factors that exist in food manufacturing plants could also contribute to the persistence of the pathogen. The objective of this review is to provide insight into the challenges faced by the dairy industry because of the pathogens' environmental persistence. Additionally, it also aims to emphasize the diverse adaptation and response mechanisms utilized by L. monocytogenes in food manufacturing plants to evade environmental stressors. The persistence of L. monocytogenes in the food processing environment poses a serious threat to food safety and public health. The emergence of areas with high levels of L. monocytogenes contamination could facilitate Listeria transmission through aerosols, potentially leading to the recontamination of food, particularly from floors and drains, when sanitation is implemented alongside product manufacturing. Hence, to produce safe dairy products and reduce the frequency of outbreaks of listeriosis, it is crucial to understand the factors that contribute to the persistence of this pathogen and to implement efficient control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Chowdhury
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Sanjeev Anand
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
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Sterniša M, Gradišar Centa U, Drnovšek A, Remškar M, Smole Možina S. Pseudomonas fragi biofilm on stainless steel (at low temperatures) affects the survival of Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes and their control by a polymer molybdenum oxide nanocomposite coating. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 394:110159. [PMID: 36924752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas spp. are widely distributed bacteria on surfaces in the food production and processing environment, where they form extracellular polymeric substance rich biofilms that interact with other bacteria. In this study, the influence of biofilm of Pseudomonas fragi ATCC 4973 on Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 was investigated at 5 °C and 15 °C on stainless steel in broth and food homogenates (fish or chicken meat). Stainless steel was then coated with PVDF-HFP/PVP/MoO3 nanocomposite and examined for surface changes (scanning electron microscope, static contact angle, Vickers hardness and elastic modulus). The effect of the prepared nanocomposite coating on P. fragi and on L. monocytogenes and C. jejuni was evaluated in mono- and co-culture. P. fragi produced more biofilm at 15 °C than at 5 °C, especially when food homogenates were used as growth media. Co-cultivation with pathogens did not affect biofilm production by P. fragi, but significant changes were observed in L. monocytogenes and C. jejuni, resulting in a decrease and increase, respectively, in the determined number of culturable biofilm cells. The first change was probably due to competition for the surface, and the second to the oxygen gradient. Stainless steel was then coated with a PVDF-HFP/PVP/MoO3 nanocomposite, which was characterised by lower roughness and higher wettability, but lower hardness compared to uncoated stainless steel. The prepared nanocoating showed bactericidal activity when tested in phosphate buffered saline. When used in food homogenates, a reduction of over 95 % in bacterial counts was observed. An abundant biofilm of P. fragi proved protective to L. monocytogenes and C. jejuni against the functionalised nanocomposite surface when tested in food homogenates. The control of spoilage Pseudomonas spp., which are common in the food production and processing environment, is important for reducing the contamination of food with spoilage bacteria and with pathogens such as L. monocytogenes and C. jejuni, which may be present in the same environment. The PVDF-HFP/PVP/MoO3 nanocomposite showed good potential for use as a coating for food contact surfaces, but possible migration of nanoparticles from the nanocomposite coating to food should be evaluated before its commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meta Sterniša
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Urška Gradišar Centa
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory for Experimental Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aljaž Drnovšek
- Department of Thin Films and Surfaces, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Remškar
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Rodríguez-López P, Rodríguez-Herrera JJ, López Cabo M. Architectural Features and Resistance to Food-Grade Disinfectants in Listeria monocytogenes- Pseudomonas spp. Dual-Species Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:917964. [PMID: 35756028 PMCID: PMC9218357 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.917964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is considered a foodborne pathogen of serious concern capable of forming multispecies biofilms with other bacterial species, such as Pseudomonas spp., adhered onto stainless steel (SS) surfaces. In an attempt to link the biofilms’ morphology and resistance to biocides, dual-species biofilms of L. monocytogenes, in co-culture with either Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, or Pseudomonas putida, were assayed to ascertain their morphological characteristics and resistance toward benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and neutral electrolyzed water (NEW). Epifluorescence microscopy analysis revealed that each dual-species biofilm was distributed differently over the SS surface and that these differences were attributable to the presence of Pseudomonas spp. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) assays demonstrated that despite these differences in distribution, all biofilms had similar maximum thicknesses. Along with this, colocalization analyses showed a strong trend of L. monocytogenes to share location within the biofilm with all Pseudomonas assayed whilst the latter distributed throughout the surface independently of the presence of L. monocytogenes, a fact that was especially evident in those biofilms in which cell clusters were present. Finally, a modified Gompertz equation was used to fit biofilms’ BAC and NEW dose-response data. Outcomes demonstrated that L. monocytogenes was less susceptible to BAC when co-cultured with P. aeruginosa or P. fluorescens, whereas susceptibility to NEW was reduced in all three dual-species biofilms, which can be attributable to both the mechanism of action of the biocide and the architectural features of each biofilm. Therefore, the results herein provided can be used to optimize already existing and develop novel target-specific sanitation treatments based on the mechanism of action of the biocide and the biofilms’ species composition and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rodríguez-López
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan José Rodríguez-Herrera
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta López Cabo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
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Operational culture conditions determinate benzalkonium chloride resistance in L. monocytogenes-E. coli dual species biofilms. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 360:109441. [PMID: 34717152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms pose a serious challenge to the food industry. Higher resistance of biofilms to any external stimuli is a major hindrance for their eradication. In this study, we compared the growth dynamics and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) resistance of dual species Listeria monocytogenes-Escherichia coli 48 h biofilms formed on stainless steel (SS) coupons surfaces under batch and fed-batch cultures. Differences between both operational culture conditions were evaluated in terms of total viable adhered cells (TVAC) in the coupons during 48 h of the mixed-culture and of reduction of viable adhered cells (RVAC) obtained after BAC-treatment of a 48 h biofilm of L. monocytogenes-E. coli formed under both culture conditions. Additionally, epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) and confocal scanning microscopy (CLSM) permitted to visualize the 2D and 3D biofilms structure, respectively. Observed results showed an increase in the TVAC of both strains during biofilm development, being the number of E. coli adhered cells higher than L. monocytogenes in both experimental systems (p < 0.05). Additionally, the number of both strains were higher approximately 2.0 log CFU/coupon in batch conditions compared to fed-batch system (p < 0.05). On the contrary, significantly higher resistance to BAC was observed in biofilms formed under fed-batch conditions. Furthermore, in batch system both strains had a similar reduction level of approximately 2.0 log CFU/coupon, while significantly higher resistance of E. coli compared to L. monocytogenes (reduction level of 0.69 and 1.72 log CFU/coupon, respectively) (p < 0.05) was observed in fed-batch system. Microscopic image visualization corroborated these results and showed higher complexity of 2D and 3D structures in dual species biofilms formed in batch cultures. Overall, we can conclude that the complexity of the biofilm structure does not always imply higher resistance to external stimuli, and highlights the need to mimic industrial operational conditions in the experimental systems in order to better assess the risk associated to the presence of pathogenic bacterial biofilms.
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Olszewska MA, Diez-Gonzalez F. Characterization of Binary Biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and Lactobacillus and Their Response to Chlorine Treatment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:638933. [PMID: 34335486 PMCID: PMC8317434 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, Listeria may interact competitively and cooperatively with other organisms, resulting in unique spatial organization and functions for cells within the community. This study was undertaken to characterize the biofilm architecture of binary biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and Lactobacillus species and to assess their effect on the survival of Listeria during exposure to hypochlorite. Three L. monocytogenes strains, ATCC 19115 (Lm5), ATCC 19117 (Lm7), and Coleslaw (LmC), were selected and combined individually with three Lactobacillus strains: L. fermentum (Lf), L. bavaricus (Lb), and L. plantarum (Lp). In binary Lm-Lp biofilms, the Lm cell counts were similar to single-species biofilms (8.5 log CFU/well), and the Lp cell numbers declined by 1.0 log CFU/well. In the presence of Lb, the Lm cell counts were reduced by 1.5 log CFU/well (p < 0.05), whereas the Lf cell counts increased at least by 3.5 log CFU/well. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) determined that interspecies interactions significantly affected the spatial organization of three binary biofilms. Biofilm surface-to-volume ratio increased from 0.8 μm2/μm3 for Lm5 in the monoculture to 2.1 μm2/μm3 for Lm5-Lp in the dual-species model (p < 0.05), and was characterized by a thicker structure with a largely increased surface area. Biofilm roughness increased from 0.2 for Lm7 to 1.0 for Lm7-Lb biofilms (p < 0.05), which appeared as interspecific segregation. Biofilm thickness increased from 34.2 μm for LmC to 46.3 μm for LmC–Lf (p < 0.05), which produced flat and compact structures that covered the entire surface available. The biomass of the extracellular matrix was higher in the case of some binary biofilms (p < 0.05); however, this effect was dependent upon the species pair. When treated with hypochlorite, Lm5 in binary biofilms had an approximately 1.5 log CFU/well greater survival than individually. The unique spatial organization and greater protein production may explain the protective effect of Lp after hypochlorite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Olszewska
- Center for Food Safety, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States.,Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Francisco Diez-Gonzalez
- Center for Food Safety, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
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10
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Haddad S, Elliot M, Savard T, Deschênes L, Smith T, Ells T. Variations in biofilms harbouring Listeria monocytogenes in dual and triplex cultures with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Lactobacillus plantarum produced under a model system of simulated meat processing conditions, and their resistance to benzalkonium chloride. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Kim U, Kim JH, Oh SW. Review of multi-species biofilm formation from foodborne pathogens: multi-species biofilms and removal methodology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5783-5793. [PMID: 33663287 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1892585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multi-species biofilms are ubiquitous worldwide and are a concern in the food industry. Multi-species biofilms have a higher resistance to antimicrobial therapies than mono-species biofilms. In addition, multi-species biofilms can cause severe foodborne diseases. To remove multi-species biofilms, controlling the formation process of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and quorum sensing (QS) effects is essential. EPS disruption, inhibition of QS, and disinfection have been utilized to remove multi-species biofilms. This review presents information on the formation and novel removal methods for multi-species biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unji Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Wook Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Berlec A, Janež N, Sterniša M, Klančnik A, Sabotič J. Expression of NanoLuc Luciferase in Listeria innocua for Development of Biofilm Assay. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:636421. [PMID: 33633716 PMCID: PMC7901905 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.636421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of biofilm formation by bacteria are crucial for understanding bacterial resistance and for development of novel antibacterial strategies. We have developed a new bioluminescence biofilm assay for Listeria innocua, which is considered a non-pathogenic surrogate for Listeria monocytogenes. L. innocua was transformed with a plasmid for inducible expression of NanoLuc luciferase (Nluc). Concentration-dependent bioluminescence signals were obtained over a concentration range of more than three log units. This biofilm assay enables absolute quantification of bacterial cells, with the necessary validation. For biofilm detection and quantification, this “Nluc bioluminescence” method has sensitivity of 1.0 × 104 and 3.0 × 104 colony forming units (CFU)/mL, respectively, with a dynamic range of 1.0 × 104 to 5.0 × 107 CFU/mL. These are accompanied by good precision (coefficient of variation, <8%) and acceptable accuracy (relative error for most samples, <15%). This novel method was applied to assess temporal biofilm formation of L. innocua as a function of concentration of inoculant, in comparison with conventional plating and CFU counting, the crystal violet assay, and the resazurin fluorescence assay. Good correlation (r = 0.9684) of this Nluc bioluminescence assay was obtained with CFU counting. The limitations of this Nluc bioluminescence assay include genetic engineering of bacteria and relatively high cost, while the advantages include direct detection, absolute cell quantification, broad dynamic range, low time requirement, and high sensitivity. Nluc-based detection of L. innocua should therefore be considered as a viable alternative or a complement to existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Berlec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Janež
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Meta Sterniša
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Klančnik
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jerica Sabotič
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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All Treatment Parameters Affect Environmental Surface Sanitation Efficacy, but Their Relative Importance Depends on the Microbial Target. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 87:AEM.01748-20. [PMID: 33097504 PMCID: PMC7755260 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01748-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental sanitation in food manufacturing plants promotes food safety and product microbial quality. However, the development of experimental models remains a challenge due to the complex nature of commercial cleaning processes, which include spraying water and sanitizer on equipment and structural surfaces within manufacturing space. Although simple in execution, the physical driving forces are difficult to simulate in a controlled laboratory environment. Here, we present a bench-scale bioreactor system which mimics the flow conditions in environmental sanitation programs. We applied computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to obtain fluid flow parameters that better approximate and predict industrial outcomes. According to the CFD model, the local wall shear stress achieved on the target surface ranged from 0.015 to 5.00 Pa. Sanitation efficacy on six types of environmental surface materials (hydrophobicity, 57.59 to 88.61°; roughness, 2.2 to 11.9 μm) against two different microbial targets, the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and Exophiala species spoilage fungi, were evaluated using the bench-scale bioreactor system. The relative reduction ranged from 0.0 to 0.82 for Exophiala spp., which corresponded to a 0.0 to 2.21 log CFU/coupon reduction, and the relative reduction ranged from 0.0 to 0.93 in L. monocytogenes which corresponded to a 0.0 to 6.19 log CFU/coupon reduction. Although most treatment parameters were considered statistically significant against either L. monocytogenes or Exophiala spp., contact time was ranked as the most important predictor for L. monocytogenes reduction. Shear stress contributed the most to Exophiala spp. removal on stainless steel and Buna-N rubber, while contact time was the most important factor on HDPE (high-density polyethylene), cement, and epoxy.IMPORTANCE Commercial food manufacturers commonly employ a single sanitation program that addresses both bacterial pathogen and fungal spoilage microbiota, despite the fact that the two microbial targets respond differently to various environmental sanitation conditions. Comparison of outcome-based clusters of treatment combinations may facilitate the development of compensatory sanitation regimes where longer contact time or greater force are applied so that lower sanitizer concentrations can be used. Determination of microbiological outcomes related to sanitation program efficacy against a panel of treatment conditions allows food processors to balance tradeoffs between quality and safety with cost and waste stream management, as appropriate for their facility.
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14
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Rodríguez-Melcón C, Alonso-Hernando A, Riesco-Peláez F, García-Fernández C, Alonso-Calleja C, Capita R. Biovolume and spatial distribution of foodborne Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria in mono- and dual-species biofilms. Food Microbiol 2020; 94:103616. [PMID: 33279059 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the biofilms formed by Salmonella enterica serotype Agona, Listeria monocytogenes, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) after 12, 48, 72, 120 and 240 h of incubation at 10 °C. Biofilms containing a single species, together with dual-species biofilms in which S. enterica and a Gram-positive bacterium existed in combination, were formed on polystyrene and evaluated by using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). All strains were able to form biofilm. The greatest biovolume in the observation field of 14,161 μm2 was observed for mono-species biofilms after 72 h, where biovolumes of 94,409.0 μm3 ± 2131.0 μm3 (S. enterica), 58,418.3 μm3 ± 5944.9 μm3 (L. monocytogenes), 68,020.8 μm3 ± 5812.3 μm3 (MRSA) and 59,280.0 μm3 ± 4032.9 μm3 (VRE) were obtained. In comparison with single-species biofilms, the biovolume of S. enterica was higher in the presence of MRSA or VRE after 48, 72 and 120 h. In dual-species biofilms, the bacteria showed a double-layer distribution pattern, with S. enterica in the top layer and Gram-positive bacteria in the bottom layer. This spatial disposition should be taken into account when effective strategies to eliminate biofilms are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodríguez-Melcón
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071, León, Spain; Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071, León, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso-Hernando
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071, León, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Isabel I, E-09003, Burgos, Spain
| | - Félix Riesco-Peláez
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Systems Engineering and Automatic Control, University of León, E-24071, León, Spain
| | - Camino García-Fernández
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071, León, Spain; Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071, León, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071, León, Spain; Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071, León, Spain
| | - Rosa Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071, León, Spain; Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071, León, Spain.
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15
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Stress response and survival of Salmonella Enteritidis in single and dual species biofilms with Pseudomonas fluorescens following repeated exposure to quaternary ammonium compounds. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 325:108643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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17
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Reyes-Jurado F, Munguía-Pérez R, Cid-Pérez TS, Hernández-Carranza P, Ochoa-Velasco CE, Avila-Sosa R. Inhibitory Effect of Mexican Oregano (Lippia berlandieri Schauer) Essential Oil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella Thyphimurium Biofilm Formation. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Interaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with Listeria innocua in dual species biofilms and inactivation following disinfectant treatments. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Kocot AM, Olszewska MA. Interaction and inactivation of
Listeria
and
Lactobacillus
cells in single and mixed species biofilms exposed to different disinfectants. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Kocot
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food ScienceUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland
| | - Magdalena A. Olszewska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food ScienceUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland
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20
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Yuan L, Sadiq FA, Burmølle M, Wang NI, He G. Insights into Psychrotrophic Bacteria in Raw Milk: A Review. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1148-1159. [PMID: 31225978 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Levels of psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milk are affected by to habitats and farm hygiene. Biofilms formed by psychrotrophic bacteria are persistent sources of contamination. Heat-stable enzymes produced by psychrotrophic bacteria compromise product quality. Various strategies are available for controlling dairy spoilage caused by psychrotrophic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- 1 College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.,2 Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Faizan A Sadiq
- 3 School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Mette Burmølle
- 2 Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - N I Wang
- 1 College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing He
- 1 College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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21
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Yuan L, Hansen MF, Røder HL, Wang N, Burmølle M, He G. Mixed-species biofilms in the food industry: Current knowledge and novel control strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2277-2293. [PMID: 31257907 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1632790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Attachment of microorganisms to food contact surfaces and the subsequent formation of biofilms may cause equipment damage, food spoilage and even diseases. Mixed-species biofilms are ubiquitous in the food industry and they generally exhibit higher resistance to disinfectants and antimicrobials compared to single-species biofilms. The physiology and metabolic activity of microorganisms in mixed-species biofilms are however rather complicated to study, and despite targeted research efforts, the potential role of mixed-species biofilms in food industry is still rather unexplored. In this review, we summarize recent studies in the context of bacterial social interactions in mixed-species biofilms, resistance to disinfectants, detection methods, and potential novel strategies to control the formation of mixed-species biofilms for enhanced food safety and food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Frederik Hansen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Lyng Røder
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ni Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mette Burmølle
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guoqing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Benzalkonium Chlorides: Uses, Regulatory Status, and Microbial Resistance. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00377-19. [PMID: 31028024 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00377-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) are chemicals with widespread applications due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review provides an overview of the market for BACs, as well as regulatory measures and available data on safety, toxicity, and environmental contamination. We focus on the effect of frequent exposure of microbial communities to BACs and the potential for cross-resistant phenotypes to emerge. Toward this goal, we review BAC concentrations in consumer products, their correlation with the emergence of tolerance in microbial populations, and the associated risk potential. Our analysis suggests that the ubiquitous and frequent use of BACs in commercial products can generate selective environments that favor microbial phenotypes potentially cross-resistant to a variety of compounds. An analysis of benefits versus risks should be the guidepost for regulatory actions regarding compounds such as BACs.
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23
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Olszewska MA, Białobrzewski I. Mixed species biofilms of
Lactobacillus plantarum
and
Listeria innocua
show facilitated entrance to the VBNC state during chlorine‐induced stress. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A. Olszewska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food ScienceUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland
| | - Ireneusz Białobrzewski
- Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technical SciencesUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland
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24
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Biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes and its resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in a simulated salmon processing environment. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Patange A, Boehm D, Ziuzina D, Cullen PJ, Gilmore B, Bourke P. High voltage atmospheric cold air plasma control of bacterial biofilms on fresh produce. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 293:137-145. [PMID: 30711711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) offers great potential for decontamination of food borne pathogens. This study examined the antimicrobial efficacy of ACP against a range of pathogens of concern to fresh produce comparing planktonic cultures, monoculture biofilms (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas fluorescens) and mixed culture biofilms (Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens). Biotic and abiotic surfaces commonly occurring in the fresh food industry were investigated. Microorganisms showed varying susceptibility to ACP treatment depending on target and process factors. Bacterial biofilm populations treated with high voltage (80 kV) ACP were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in both mono- and mixed species biofilms after 60 s of treatment and yielded non-detectable levels after extending treatment time to 120 s. However, an extended time was required to reduce the challenge mixed culture biofilm of L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens inoculated on lettuce, which was dependent on biofilm formation conditions and substrate. Contained treatment for 120 s reduced L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens inoculated as mixed cultures on lettuce (p < 0.05) by 2.2 and 4.2 Log10 CFU/ml respectively. When biofilms were grown at 4 °C on lettuce, there was an increased resistance to ACP treatment by comparison with biofilm grown at temperature abuse conditions of 15 °C. Similarly, L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens exposed to cold stress (4 °C) for 1 h demonstrated increased tolerance to ACP treatment compared to non-stressed cells. These finding demonstrates that bacterial form, mono versus mixed challenges as well as environmental stress conditions play an important role in ACP inactivation efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Patange
- Plasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - D Boehm
- Plasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Dana Ziuzina
- Plasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - P J Cullen
- Plasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Brendan Gilmore
- Biofilm Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT97BL, UK
| | - Paula Bourke
- Plasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 1, Ireland.
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26
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Zhu J, Yan Y, Wang Y, Qu D. Competitive interaction on dual-species biofilm formation by spoilage bacteria, Shewanella baltica and Pseudomonas fluorescens. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1175-1186. [PMID: 30592126 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to characterize the biofilm produced by mono- and dual-species of Shewanella baltica and Pseudomonas fluorescens as fish spoilers at the different incubation temperature, and to elucidate the interactive behaviour of dual-species biofilm development. METHODS AND RESULTS The mono- and dual-species biofilm formation and adhesion characteristics of S. baltica and P. fluorescens were evaluated by using crystal violet staining, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results showed that P. fluorescens had significantly higher biofilm biomass and polysaccharides production than S. baltica, and two isolates reached the maximum biofilm biomass during the early stationary phase. Lower biomass and polysaccharides in dual-species biofilms were observed compared to mono-species of P. fluorescens. Meanwhile, S. baltica and P. fluorescens formed fragile and viscous pellicles with different spatial architectures respectively. In dual-species pellicle few large microcolonies were dominated by P. fluorescens. Compared to mono-species of PF07, adherent cell population and biofilm thickness at the developing phase significantly decreased, and biofilm-forming cycle prolonged in the dual-species biofilms. Biofilm formation and adhesion of mono- and dual-species at 4 or 15°C were significantly higher than at 30°C during the same phase. The culture supernatant extracts of the two spoilage strains greatly inhibited biofilm development to each other. CONCLUSIONS Shewanella baltica and P. fluorescens had different biofilm and pellicle characteristics, and the inhibitory development on dual-species biofilm was associated with the competitive interaction by the two psychrotrophic spoilage bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work contributes to a better understanding of interactive behaviour of multispecies biofilm communities by psychrotrophic spoilage bacteria at low temperature, which could contribute to further control contamination of spoilage organism during the preservation and processing of aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Y Yan
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Y Wang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - D Qu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Pang X, Yuk HG. Effects of the colonization sequence of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens on survival of biofilm cells under food-related stresses and transfer to salmon. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:142-150. [PMID: 31027768 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated how the colonization sequence of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens affects biofilm formation and biofilm cell response to food-related stress (desiccation or disinfection) as well as the transferability of L. monocytogenes to salmon products. The results showed that the colonization sequence did not affect the population of dual species biofilms. Furthermore, survival number of L. monocytogenes was 0.8 log CFU/cm2 higher when P. fluorescens was the first colonizer during desiccation or disinfectant treatment in comparison with dual-species biofilms with other colonization sequences. A lower transfer rate of L. monocytogenes biofilm cells from dual-species biofilms was observed as compared to single species biofilms. In particular, L. monocytogenes cells detached at a slower rate during transfer to 10 slices of salmon from dual-species biofilms first established by P. fluorescens. Confocal images revealed more exopolysaccharide production in dual-speciesbiofilms first established by P. fluorescens than in biofilms generated via other sequences. These results indicate that preexisting P. fluorescens biofilms on stainless steel can enhance resistance of L. monocytogenes to desiccation and disinfection, although this setup decreased the transfer rate of L. monocytogenes to salmon slices. Thus, this study highlights the risk of L. monocytogenes contamination in pre-formed Pseudomonas biofilms at salmon processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Pang
- Food Science & Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hyun-Gyun Yuk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungbuk, 27909, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Rodríguez-López P, Bernárdez M, Rodríguez-Herrera JJ, Comesaña ÁS, Cabo ML. Identification and metagenetic characterisation of Listeria monocytogenes-harbouring communities present in food-related industrial environments. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Enzymatic dispersal of dual-species biofilms carrying Listeria monocytogenes and other associated food industry bacteria. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Yamakawa T, Tomita K, Sawai J. Characteristics of Biofilms Formed by Co-Culture of Listeria monocytogenes with Pseudomonas aeruginosa at Low Temperatures and Their Sensitivity to Antibacterial Substances. Biocontrol Sci 2018; 23:107-119. [PMID: 30249960 DOI: 10.4265/bio.23.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the properties of biofilms (BFs) formed by mono- and co-cultures of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (L+P-BF) at low temperatures and examined their sensitivity to several antibacterial substances. L. monocytogenes viable counts comprised only 1-10% of total L+P-BF viable counts at 10℃ and 15℃, indicating the significant prevalence of P. aeruginosa in co-cultures. L+P-BF formed at 10℃ and 15℃ showed very high resistance to antibiotics and NaClO. Examination of the effects of nattokinase and nisin, natural food additives with antibacterial properties, showed that their application alone failed to inhibit L+P-BF development at 10℃ and 15℃. However, a combined treatment with nisin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, a food additive that can be used as a permeabilizing agent, suppressed the formation of L+P-BF at 10℃ and 15℃. Microscopy observations of L+P-BF did not reveal pronounced morphological changes in bacterial cell morphology. We also noted that P. aeruginosa resistance to the action of nisin during BF formation was higher when it was maintained in co-culture with L. monocytogenes. The results of the present study are an important step toward developing a safe formulation of acceptable food additives that could be used for suppression of BFs formed by pathogenic bacteria during food storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuhisa Tomita
- Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
| | - Jun Sawai
- Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
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31
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Interspecies variation in biofilm-forming capacity of psychrotrophic bacterial isolates from Chinese raw milk. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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32
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Rodríguez-López P, Rodríguez-Herrera JJ, Vázquez-Sánchez D, López Cabo M. Current Knowledge on Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms in Food-Related Environments: Incidence, Resistance to Biocides, Ecology and Biocontrol. Foods 2018; 7:E85. [PMID: 29874801 PMCID: PMC6025129 DOI: 10.3390/foods7060085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many efforts have been made to control Listeria monocytogenes in the food industry, growing pervasiveness amongst the population over the last decades has made this bacterium considered to be one of the most hazardous foodborne pathogens. Its outstanding biocide tolerance capacity and ability to promiscuously associate with other bacterial species forming multispecies communities have permitted this microorganism to survive and persist within the industrial environment. This review is designed to give the reader an overall picture of the current state-of-the-art in L. monocytogenes sessile communities in terms of food safety and legislation, ecological aspects and biocontrol strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rodríguez-López
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), 6, Eduardo Cabello, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Juan José Rodríguez-Herrera
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), 6, Eduardo Cabello, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Daniel Vázquez-Sánchez
- "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), 11, Av. Pádua Dias, 13418-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marta López Cabo
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), 6, Eduardo Cabello, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
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Gomes LC, Deschamps J, Briandet R, Mergulhão FJ. Impact of modified diamond-like carbon coatings on the spatial organization and disinfection of mixed-biofilms composed of Escherichia coli and Pantoea agglomerans industrial isolates. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 277:74-82. [PMID: 29689455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the effects of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on the architecture and biocide reactivity of dual-species biofilms mimicking food processing contaminants. Biofilms were grown using industrial isolates of Escherichia coli and Pantoea agglomerans on bare stainless steel (SST) and on two DLC surface coatings (a-C:H:Si:O designated by SICON® and a-C:H:Si designated by SICAN) in order to evaluate their antifouling activities. Quantification and spatial organization in single- and dual-species biofilms were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) using a strain specific labelling procedure. Those assays revealed that the E. coli isolate exhibited a higher adhesion to the modified surfaces and a decreased susceptibility to disinfectant in presence of P. agglomerans than alone in axenic culture. While SICON® reduced the short-term growth of E. coli in axenic conditions, both DLC surfaces increased the E. coli colonization in presence of P. agglomerans. However, both modified surfaces triggered a significantly higher log reduction of E. coli cells within mixed-species biofilms, thus the use of SICON® and SICAN surfaces may be a good approach to facilitate the disinfection process in critical areas of food processing plants. This study presents a new illustration of the importance of interspecies interactions in surface-associated community functions, and of the need to evaluate the effectiveness of hygienic strategies with relevant multi-species consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Gomes
- LEPABE - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Deschamps
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - R Briandet
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - F J Mergulhão
- LEPABE - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Vázquez-Sánchez D, Galvão JA, Oetterer M. Contamination sources, serogroups, biofilm-forming ability and biocide resistance of Listeria monocytogenes persistent in tilapia-processing facilities. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 54:3867-3879. [PMID: 29085129 PMCID: PMC5643803 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The major contamination sources, serogroups, biofilm-forming ability and biocide resistance of Listeria monocytogenes persistent in tilapia-processing facilities were assessed. Twenty-five processing-control points were examined twice in two factories, including whole tilapias, frozen fillets, water and food-contact surfaces. L. monocytogenes were detected in 4 and 20% of points of Factory A and B respectively, but at low concentrations. Contamination was due to inadequate handling of tilapias in the slaughter room of Factory A and to the application of ineffective sanitizing procedures in Factory B. Seven strains were characterized by RAPD-PCR using primers HLWL85, OPM-01 and DAF4. Genotypic similarity allowed tracing the contamination source of tilapia fillets in Factory B and detecting a prevalent strain in Brazilian tilapia-processing facilities. The serogroup II (including the serotype 1/2c) was the most frequently found, followed by serogroup I (1/2a) and III (1/2b), whereas the serotype 4b was not detected. All strains showed high biofilm-forming ability on stainless steel and polystyrene, but biofilm formation was positively correlated with the type of origin surface. Biofilms were highly resistant to peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite, being required doses higher than those recommended by manufacturers to be eradicated. Peracetic acid was more effective than sodium hypochlorite, but the use of disinfectants with similar mechanisms of action increases the risk of cross-resistance. Case-by-case approaches are thus recommended to determine the sources and degree of contamination present in each factory, which would allow applying precise responses to control the persistence of bacterial pathogens such as L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vázquez-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Freshwater Fish and Seafood Technology, Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo CEP 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Juliana Antunes Galvão
- Laboratory of Freshwater Fish and Seafood Technology, Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo CEP 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Marília Oetterer
- Laboratory of Freshwater Fish and Seafood Technology, Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo CEP 13418-900 Brazil
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Gomes L, Piard JC, Briandet R, Mergulhão F. Pseudomonas grimontii biofilm protects food contact surfaces from Escherichia coli colonization. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Ruangcharoen S, Suwannarong W, Lachica MRCT, Bolscher JGM, Nazmi K, Khunkitti W, Taweechaisupapong S. Killing activity of LFchimera on periodontopathic bacteria and multispecies oral biofilm formation in vitro. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:167. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Pang X, Yang Y, Yuk H. Biofilm formation and disinfectant resistance ofSalmonellasp. in mono- and dual-species withPseudomonas aeruginosa. J Appl Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X.Y. Pang
- Food Science & Technology Programme; Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - Y.S. Yang
- Food Science & Technology Programme; Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - H.G. Yuk
- Food Science & Technology Programme; Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Korea National University of Transportation; Chungbuk Korea
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38
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Rodríguez-López P, Cabo ML. Tolerance development in Listeria monocytogenes-Escherichia coli dual-species biofilms after sublethal exposures to pronase-benzalkonium chloride combined treatments. Food Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28648294 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the effects that sublethal exposures to pronase (PRN) and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) combined treatments have on Listeria monocytogenes-Escherichia coli dual-species biofilms grown on stainless steel in terms of tolerance development (TD) to these compounds. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the changes of the biofilm structure. PRN-BAC exposure was carried out using three different approaches and TD was evaluated treating biofilms with a final 100 μg/ml PRN followed by 50 μg/ml BAC combined treatment. Results showed that exposure to PRN-BAC significantly decreased the number of adhered L. monocytogenes (P < 0.05), while E. coli counts remained generally unaltered. It was also demonstrated that the incorporation of recovery periods during sublethal exposures increased the tolerance of both species of the mixed biofilm to the final PRN-BAC treatment. Moreover, control biofilms became more resistant to PRN-BAC if longer incubation periods were used. Regardless of the treatment used, log reduction values were generally lower in L. monocytogenes compared to E. coli. Additionally, microscopy images showed an altered morphology produced by sublethal PRN-BAC in exposed L. monocytogenes-E. coli dual-species biofilms compared to control samples. Results also demonstrated that L. monocytogenes-E. coli dual-species biofilms are able to develop tolerance to PRN-BAC combined treatments depending on way they have been previously exposed. Moreover, they suggest that the generation of bacterial tolerance should be included as a parameter for sanitation procedures design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rodríguez-López
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Marta López Cabo
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
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39
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Fernández Ramírez MD, Kostopoulos I, Smid EJ, Nierop Groot MN, Abee T. Quantitative assessment of viable cells of Lactobacillus plantarum strains in single, dual and multi-strain biofilms. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 244:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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40
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Zhang QQ, Ye KP, Juneja VK, Xu X. Response surface model for the reduction of Salmonella
biofilm on stainless steel with lactic acid, ethanol, and chlorine as controlling factors. J Food Saf 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Qin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Ke Ping Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Vijay K. Juneja
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
- U.S. Department of Agriculture; Eastern Regional Research Center Agricultural Research Service; 600 East Mermaid Lane Wyndmoor Pennsylvania 19038 USA
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41
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Langsrud S, Moen B, Møretrø T, Løype M, Heir E. Microbial dynamics in mixed culture biofilms of bacteria surviving sanitation of conveyor belts in salmon-processing plants. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:366-78. [PMID: 26613979 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The microbiota surviving sanitation of salmon-processing conveyor belts was identified and its growth dynamics further investigated in a model mimicking processing surfaces in such plants. METHODS AND RESULTS A diverse microbiota dominated by Gram-negative bacteria was isolated after regular sanitation in three salmon processing plants. A cocktail of 14 bacterial isolates representing all genera isolated from conveyor belts (Listeria, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Brochothrix, Serratia, Acinetobacter, Rhodococcus and Chryseobacterium) formed stable biofilms on steel coupons (12°C, salmon broth) of about 10(9) CFU cm(-2) after 2 days. High-throughput sequencing showed that Listeria monocytogenes represented 0·1-0·01% of the biofilm population and that Pseudomonas spp dominated. Interestingly, both Brochothrix sp. and a Pseudomonas sp. dominated in the surrounding suspension. CONCLUSIONS The microbiota surviving sanitation is dominated by Pseudomonas spp. The background microbiota in biofilms inhibit, but do not eliminate L. monocytogenes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results highlights that sanitation procedures have to been improved in the salmon-processing industry, as high numbers of a diverse microbiota survived practical sanitation. High-throughput sequencing enables strain level studies of population dynamics in biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Langsrud
- Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Nofima, ÅS, Norway
| | - B Moen
- Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Nofima, ÅS, Norway
| | - T Møretrø
- Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Nofima, ÅS, Norway
| | - M Løype
- Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Nofima, ÅS, Norway.,Norwegian University of Life Sciences, ÅS, Norway.,Anticimex, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - E Heir
- Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Nofima, ÅS, Norway
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42
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Inactivation and induction of sublethal injury of Listeria monocytogenes in biofilm treated with various sanitizers. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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43
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Listeria monocytogenes – An examination of food chain factors potentially contributing to antimicrobial resistance. Food Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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44
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Giaouris E, Heir E, Desvaux M, Hébraud M, Møretrø T, Langsrud S, Doulgeraki A, Nychas GJ, Kačániová M, Czaczyk K, Ölmez H, Simões M. Intra- and inter-species interactions within biofilms of important foodborne bacterial pathogens. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:841. [PMID: 26347727 PMCID: PMC4542319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A community-based sessile life style is the normal mode of growth and survival for many bacterial species. Under such conditions, cell-to-cell interactions are inevitable and ultimately lead to the establishment of dense, complex and highly structured biofilm populations encapsulated in a self-produced extracellular matrix and capable of coordinated and collective behavior. Remarkably, in food processing environments, a variety of different bacteria may attach to surfaces, survive, grow, and form biofilms. Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus are important bacterial pathogens commonly implicated in outbreaks of foodborne diseases, while all are known to be able to create biofilms on both abiotic and biotic surfaces. Particularly challenging is the attempt to understand the complexity of inter-bacterial interactions that can be encountered in such unwanted consortia, such as competitive and cooperative ones, together with their impact on the final outcome of these communities (e.g., maturation, physiology, antimicrobial resistance, virulence, dispersal). In this review, up-to-date data on both the intra- and inter-species interactions encountered in biofilms of these pathogens are presented. A better understanding of these interactions, both at molecular and biophysical levels, could lead to novel intervention strategies for controlling pathogenic biofilm formation in food processing environments and thus improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos Island, Greece
| | - Even Heir
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Michel Hébraud
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Trond Møretrø
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Agapi Doulgeraki
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George-John Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Katarzyna Czaczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hülya Ölmez
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Manuel Simões
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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45
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Rodríguez-López P, Saá-Ibusquiza P, Mosquera-Fernández M, López-Cabo M. Listeria monocytogenes-carrying consortia in food industry. Composition, subtyping and numerical characterisation of mono-species biofilm dynamics on stainless steel. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 206:84-95. [PMID: 26001376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to find out how real Listeria monocytogenes-carrying biofilms are in industrial settings, a total of 270 environmental samples belonging to work surfaces from fish (n = 123), meat (n = 75) and dairy industries (n = 72) were analysed in order to detect L. monocytogenes. 12 samples were positive for L. monocytogenes and a total of 18 different species were identified as accompanying microbiota in fish and meat industry. No L. monocytogenes was found in samples from dairy industry. Molecular characterisation combining results of AscI and ApaI macrorestriction PFGE assays yielded 7 different subtypes of L. monocytogenes sharing in 71.43% of cases the same serogroup (1/2a-3a). Results from dynamic numerical characterisation between L. monocytogenes monospecies biofilms on stainless steel (SS) using MATLAB-based tool BIOFILMDIVER demonstrated that except in isolate A1, in which a significant increase in the percentage of covered area (CA), average diffusion distance (ADD) and maximum diffusion distance (MDD) was observed after 120 h of culture, no significant differences were observed in the dynamics of the rest of the L. monocytogenes isolates. Quantitative dual-species biofilm association experiments performed on SS indicated that L. monocytogenes cell counts presented lower values in mixed-species cultures with certain species at 24 and 48 h compared with mono-species culture. However, they remained unaltered after 72 h except when co-cultured with Serratia fonticola which presented differences in all sampling times and was also the dominant species within the dual-species biofilm. When considering frequency of appearance of accompanying species, an ecological distribution was demonstrated as Escherichia coli appeared to be the most abundant in fish industry and Carnobacterium spp. in meat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rodríguez-López
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Campus of Bellaterra, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paula Saá-Ibusquiza
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Maruxa Mosquera-Fernández
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Marta López-Cabo
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
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46
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Metselaar KI, Saá Ibusquiza P, Ortiz Camargo AR, Krieg M, Zwietering MH, den Besten HMW, Abee T. Performance of stress resistant variants of Listeria monocytogenes in mixed species biofilms with Lactobacillus plantarum. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 213:24-30. [PMID: 25935090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Population diversity and the ability to adapt to changing environments allow Listeria monocytogenes to grow and survive under a wide range of environmental conditions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of a set of acid resistant L. monocytogenes variants in mixed-species biofilms with Lactobacillus plantarum as well as their benzalkonium chloride (BAC) resistance in these biofilms. L. monocytogenes LO28 wild type and acid resistant variants were capable of forming mixed biofilms with L. plantarum at 20°C and 30°C in BHI supplemented with manganese and glucose. Homolactic fermentation of glucose by L. plantarum created an acidic environment with pH values below the growth boundary of L. monocytogenes. Some of the variants were able to withstand the low pH in the mixed biofilms for a longer time than the WT and there were clear differences in survival between the variants which could not be correlated to (lactic) acid resistance alone. Adaptation to mild pH of liquid cultures during growth to stationary phase increased the acid resistance of some variants to a greater extent than of others, indicating differences in adaptive behaviour between the variants. Two variants that showed a high level of acid adaptation when grown in liquid cultures, showed also better performance in mixed species biofilms. There were no clear differences in BAC resistance between the wild type and variants in mixed biofilms. It can be concluded that acid resistant variants of L. monocytogenes show diversity in their adaptation to acidic conditions and their capacity to survive in mixed cultures and biofilms with L. plantarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin I Metselaar
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paula Saá Ibusquiza
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angela R Ortiz Camargo
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Krieg
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel H Zwietering
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heidy M W den Besten
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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47
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Whitehead KA, Verran J. Formation, architecture and functionality of microbial biofilms in the food industry. Curr Opin Food Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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48
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Jahid IK, Han N, Zhang CY, Ha SD. Mixed culture biofilms of Salmonella Typhimurium and cultivable indigenous microorganisms on lettuce show enhanced resistance of their sessile cells to cold oxygen plasma. Food Microbiol 2015; 46:383-394. [PMID: 25475308 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Control of foodborne pathogens in fresh produce is crucial for food safety, and numerous Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) outbreaks have been reported already. The present study was done to assess effectiveness of cold oxygen plasma (COP) against biofilms of ST mixed with cultivable indigenous microorganisms (CIM). ST and CIM were grown at 15 °C as monocultures and mixed cultures for planktonic state, biofilm on stainless steel, and lettuce leaves. Thereafter, the samples were treated with COP and surviving populations were counted using plate counting methods. Biofilms and stomatal colonization were examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and food quality was assessed after treatment. Mixed cultures of ST and CIM showed an antagonistic interaction on lettuce but not on SS or in planktonic state. Mixed cultures showed significantly (p < 0.05) greater resistance to COP compared to monoculture biofilms on lettuce but not on SS or planktonic state. Shift from smooth to rugose colony type was found for planktonic and for biofilms on SS but not on lettuce for ST. Mixed culture biofilms colonized stomata on the inside as demonstrated by FESEM. Although, lettuce quality was not affected by COP, this technology has to be optimized for further development of the successful inactivation of complex multispecies biofilm structures presented by real food environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Kabir Jahid
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Nae-Ri, Daedeok-Myun, Anseong, Gyunggido 456-756, South Korea; Department of Microbiology, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Noori Han
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Nae-Ri, Daedeok-Myun, Anseong, Gyunggido 456-756, South Korea
| | - Cheng-Yi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Nae-Ri, Daedeok-Myun, Anseong, Gyunggido 456-756, South Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Nae-Ri, Daedeok-Myun, Anseong, Gyunggido 456-756, South Korea.
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Jahid IK, Ha SD. The Paradox of Mixed-Species Biofilms in the Context of Food Safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Kabir Jahid
- School of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri, Daedeok-Myun Anseong-Si Gyeonggi-do 456-756 South Korea
- Dept. of Microbiology; Jessore Univ. of Science and Technology; Jessore-7408 Bangladesh
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- School of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri, Daedeok-Myun Anseong-Si Gyeonggi-do 456-756 South Korea
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50
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Mousavi ZE, Kennedy E, Fanning S, Rice JH, Butler F. The effect of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds on the attachment of wild and adapted Pseudomonas putida strains to different contact materials used in the food sector. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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