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Marins-Gonçalves L, Martins Ferreira M, Rocha Guidi L, De Souza D. Is chemical analysis suitable for detecting mycotoxins in agricultural commodities and foodstuffs? Talanta 2023; 265:124782. [PMID: 37339540 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the risks of mycotoxins to humans through consuming contaminated foods resulted in specific legislation that evaluates the presence, quantities, and type of mycotoxins in agricultural commodities and foodstuffs. Thus, to ensure compliance with legislation, food safety and consumer health, the development of suitable analytical procedures for identifying and quantifying mycotoxins in the free or modified form, in low-concentration and in complex samples is necessary. This review reports the application of the modern chemical methods of analysis employed in mycotoxin detection in agricultural commodities and foodstuffs. It is reported extraction methods with reasonable accuracy and those present characteristics according to guidelines of Green Analytical Chemistry. Recent trends in mycotoxins detection using analytical techniques are presented and discussed, evaluating the robustness, precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity in the detection of different classes of mycotoxins. Sensitivity coming from modern chromatographic techniques allows the detection of very low concentrations of mycotoxins in complex samples. However, it is essential the development of more green, fast and more suitable accuracy extraction methods for mycotoxins, which agricultural commodities producers could use. Despite the high number of research reporting the use of chemically modified voltammetric sensors, mycotoxins detection still has limitations due to the low selectivity from similar chemical structures of mycotoxins. Furthermore, spectroscopic techniques are rarely employed due to the limited number of reference standards for calibration procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorranne Marins-Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Electroanalytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering (LEABE), Chemistry Institute, Uberlândia Federal University, Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Food Engineering, Chemistry Engineering, Uberlândia Federal University; Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil
| | - Mariana Martins Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Food Engineering, Chemistry Engineering, Uberlândia Federal University; Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rocha Guidi
- Postgraduate Program in Food Engineering, Chemistry Engineering, Uberlândia Federal University; Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil
| | - Djenaine De Souza
- Laboratory of Electroanalytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering (LEABE), Chemistry Institute, Uberlândia Federal University, Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Food Engineering, Chemistry Engineering, Uberlândia Federal University; Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil.
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Zhao X, Gao J, Song Y, Zhang J, Han Q. Determination of Fumonisin B 1 by Aptamer-Based Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8598. [PMID: 36433193 PMCID: PMC9699289 DOI: 10.3390/s22228598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin FB is produced by Fusarium moniliforme Sheld, of which FB1 is the most common and the most toxic. The establishment of a rapid detection method is an important means to prevent and control FB1 pollution. A highly sensitive fluorescent sensor based on an aptamer for the rapid detection of fumonisin B1 (FB1) in corn was established. In this study, 5-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) was labeled on the aptamer of FB1 (F10). F10 was adsorbed on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) by π-π stacking. The FAM fluorescence signal could be quenched by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between fluorescent molecules and graphene oxide (GO). In the presence of FB1, the binding efficiency of the aptamer to GO was reduced. Therefore, the content of FB1 in corn samples was determined by fluorescence measurements of mixed FAM-labeled F10, GO and corn samples. This method had a good linear relationship in an FB1 concentration range of 0-3000 ng/mL. The equation was y = 0.2576x + 10.98, R2 = 0.9936. The limit of detection was 14.42 ng/mL, and the limit of quantification was 43.70 ng/mL. The recovery of a spiked standard in the corn sample was 89.13-102.08%, and the time of detection was 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qinqin Han
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(0871)-65939528
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Ning H, Wang J, Jiang H, Chen Q. Quantitative detection of zearalenone in wheat grains based on near-infrared spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121545. [PMID: 35767904 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) can easily contaminate wheat, seriously affecting the quality and safety of wheat grains. In this study, a near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy detection method for rapid detection of ZEN in wheat grains was proposed. First, the collected original near-infrared spectra were denoised, smoothed and scatter corrected by Savitzky-Golay smoothing (SG-smoothing) and multiple scattering correction (MSC), and then normalized. Three wavelength variable selection algorithms were used to select variables from the preprocessed NIR spectra, which were random frog (RF), successive projections algorithm (SPA), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Finally, based on the feature variables extracted by the above algorithms, support vector machine (SVM) models were established respectively to realize the quantitative detection of the ZEN in wheat grains. Eventually, the prediction effect of the LASSO-SVM model was the best, the prediction correlation coefficient (RP) was 0.99, the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 2.1 μg·kg-1, and the residual prediction deviation (RPD) was 6.0. This research shows that the NIR spectroscopy can be used for high-precision quantitative detection of the ZEN in grains, and the research gives a new technical solution for the in-situ detection of mycotoxins in stored grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Ning
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Hui Jiang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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Zhao X, Liu N, Song Y, Zhang J, Han Q. Establishment of fumonisin B 1 detection method for catalytic fluorescence detection of aptamer-regulated carbon dots. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3953-3960. [PMID: 36196953 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01358d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin, common in agricultural products, is a small secondary metabolite with strong toxicity. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most common and the most toxic. Establishing a rapid detection method is important for preventing and controlling FB1 pollution. This study prepared carbon dots (CDs) from 2,2'-dithiosalicylic acid (DTSA). Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) can be catalyzed to produce fluorescence by CDs, while FB1 can adhere to the surface of CDs, decreasing fluorescence. Aptamer F10 of FB1 combines with FB1 attached to the surface of CDs to restore the catalytic ability of CDs and increase the fluorescence value. This method has good linearity in the FB1 concentration range from 0 to 1.0 μg mL-1. The standard curve was Y = -0.2512x + 661.4, R2 = 0.9903, the limit of detection (LOD) was 17.67 ng mL-1 and limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 53.55 ng mL-1. The recovery of the corn sample was 89.83-98.62%, and the detection time was 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Nuoya Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Qinqin Han
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Zhao X, Gao J, Song Y, Zhang J, Han Q. Establishment of an Improved ELONA Method for Detecting Fumonisin B 1 Based on Aptamers and Hemin-CDs Conjugates. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6714. [PMID: 36081171 PMCID: PMC9460299 DOI: 10.3390/s22176714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a strong mycotoxin that is ubiquitous in agricultural products. The establishment of rapid detection methods is an important means to prevent and control FB1 contamination. In this study, an improved enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA) method was designed and tested to detect the contents of FB1 in maize (corn) samples. F10 modified with biotin was bound to an enzyme label plate that was coated with streptavidin (SA) in advance, and carbon dots (CDs) were used to catalyze the color of tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The complementary chain of F10 was modified with an amino group and coupled with CDs to obtain conjugates. The sample and conjugates were then added to the enzyme plate coated with F10 (an FB1 aptamer). Upon completion of the color reaction, the absorbance was measured at 450 nm. The LOD of this method was 4.30 ng/mL and the LOQ was 13.03 ng/mL. We observed a linear relationship in the FB1 concentration range of 0-100 ng/mL. The standard curve was y = -0.001482 × x + 0.3463, R2 = 0.9918, and the experimental results could be directly measured visually. The recovery of the maize sample was 97.5-99.23% and 94.54-99.25%, and the total detection time was 1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qinqin Han
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(0871)-6593-9528
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Acuña-Gutiérrez C, Jiménez VM, Müller J. Occurrence of mycotoxins in pulses. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4002-4017. [PMID: 35876644 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pulses, dry grains of the Fabaceae family used for food and feed, are particularly important agricultural products with increasing commercial and nutritional relevance. Similar to other plant commodities, pulses can be affected by fungi in the field and during postharvest. Some of these fungi produce mycotoxins, which can seriously threaten human and animal health by causing acute poisoning and chronic effects. In this review, information referring to the analysis and occurrence of these compounds in pulses is summarized. An overview of the aims pursued, and of the methodologies employed for mycotoxin analysis in the different reports is presented, followed by a comprehensive review of relevant articles on mycotoxins in pulses, categorized according to the geographical region, among other considerations. Moreover, special attention was given to the effect of climatic conditions on microorganism infestation and mycotoxin accumulation. Furthermore, the limited literature available was considered to look for possible correlations between the degree of fungal infection and the mycotoxin incidence in pulses. In addition, the potential effect of certain phenolic compounds on reducing fungi infestation and mycotoxin accumulation was reviewed with examples on beans. Emphasis was also given to a specific group of mycotoxins, the phomopsins, that mainly impact lupin. Finally, the negative consequences of mycotoxin accumulation on the physiology and development of contaminated seeds and seedlings are presented, focusing on the few reports available on pulses. Given the agricultural and nutritional potential that pulses offer for human well-being, their promotion should be accompanied by attention to food safety issues, and mycotoxins might be among the most serious threats. Practical Application: According to the manuscript template available in the website, this section is for "JFS original research manuscripts ONLY; optional". Since we are publishing in CRFSFS this requirement will not be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Acuña-Gutiérrez
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Tropics and Subtropics Group (440e), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,CIGRAS, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Víctor M Jiménez
- CIGRAS, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.,IIA, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Tropics and Subtropics Group (440e), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Guo X, Qiao Q, Zhang M, Fauconnier ML. Nuclease Triggered "Signal-On" and Amplified Fluorescent Sensing of Fumonisin B 1 Incorporating Graphene Oxide and Specific Aptamer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169024. [PMID: 36012283 PMCID: PMC9408943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable advancements have been achieved in the development of rapid analytic techniques toward fumonisin B1 (FB1) monitoring and even trace levels for food safety in recent years. However, the point-of-care testing for quantitative and accurate FB1 determination is still challenging. Herein, an innovative aptasensor was established to monitor FB1 by utilizing graphene oxide (GO) and nuclease-triggered signal enhancement. GO can be utilized as a fluorescence quenching agent toward a fluorophore-modified aptamer, and even as a protectant of the aptamer from nuclease cleavage for subsequent target cycling and signal amplification detection. This proposed sensing strategy exhibited a good linearity for FB1 determination in the dynamic range from 0.5 to 20 ng mL−1 with a good correlation of R2 = 0.995. Its limit of detection was established at 0.15 ng mL−1 (S/N = 3), which was significantly lower than the legal requirements by three orders of magnitude. The interferent study demonstrated that the introduced aptasensor possessed high selectivity for FB1. Moreover, the aptasensor was successfully applied to the detection of wheat flour samples, and the results were consistent with the classical ELISA method. The rapid response, sensitive and selective analysis, and reliable results of this sensing platform offer a promising opportunity for food mycotoxin control in point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Guo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Chimie Générale et Organique, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qinqin Qiao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Information Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China
| | - Mengke Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (M.-L.F.); Tel.: +86-21-3420-8533 (M.Z.)
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Chimie Générale et Organique, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (M.-L.F.); Tel.: +86-21-3420-8533 (M.Z.)
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Wang B, Deng J, Jiang H. Markov Transition Field Combined with Convolutional Neural Network Improved the Predictive Performance of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Models for Determination of Aflatoxin B 1 in Maize. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152210. [PMID: 35892795 PMCID: PMC9332458 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This work provides a novel approach to monitor the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) content in maize by near-infrared (NIR) spectra-based deep learning models that integrates Markov transition field (MTF) image coding and a convolutional neural network (CNN) strategy. According to the data structure characteristics of near-infrared spectra, new structures of one-dimensional CNN (1D-CNN) and two-dimensional MTF-CNN (2D-MTF-CNN) were designed to construct a deep learning model for the monitoring of AFB1 in maize. The results obtained showed that compared with the 1D-CNN model, the performance of the 2D-MTF-CNN model had been significantly improved, and its root mean square error of prediction, coefficient of predictive determination, and relative percent deviation were 1.3591 μg·kg-1, 0.9955, and 14.9386, respectively. The results indicate that the MTF is an effective data encoding technique for converting one-dimensional spectra into two-dimensional images. It more intuitively reflects the intrinsic characteristics of the NIR spectra from a new perspective and provides richer spectral information for the construction of deep learning models, which can ensure the detection accuracy and generalization performance of deep learning quantitative detection models. This study provides a new analytical perspective for the chemometrics analysis of the NIR spectroscopy.
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Smaoui S, Agriopoulou S, D'Amore T, Tavares L, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The control of Fusarium growth and decontamination of produced mycotoxins by lactic acid bacteria. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11125-11152. [PMID: 35708071 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2087594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Global crop and food contamination with mycotoxins are one of the primary worldwide concerns, while there are several restrictions regarding approaching conventional physical and chemical mycotoxins decontamination methods due to nutrition loss, sensory attribute reduction in foods, chemical residual, inconvenient operation, high cost of equipment, and high energy consumption of some methods. In this regard, the overarching challenges of mycotoxin contamination in food and food crops require the development of biological decontamination strategies. Using certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as generally recognized safe (GRAS) compounds is one of the most effective alternatives due to their potential to release antifungal metabolites against various fungal factors species. This review highlights the potential applications of LAB as biodetoxificant agents and summarizes their decontamination activities against Fusarium growth and Fusarium mycotoxins released into food/feed. Firstly, the occurrence of Fusarium and the instrumental and bioanalytical methods for the analysis of mycotoxins were in-depth discussed. Upgraded knowledge on the biosynthesis pathway of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium offers new insightful ideas clarifying the function of these secondary metabolites. Moreover, the characterization of LAB metabolites and their impact on the decontamination of the mycotoxin from Fusarium, besides the main mechanisms of mycotoxin decontamination, are covered. While the thematic growth inhibition of Fusarium and decontamination of their mycotoxin by LAB is very complex, approaching certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is worth deeper investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbial, Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax-Tunisia, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, Kalamata, Greece
| | - Teresa D'Amore
- Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZSPB), Foggia, Italy
| | - Loleny Tavares
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP, Brazil
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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