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Silva ICA, Azevedo LS, Castro AHF, Farias KDS, Zanuncio VSS, Silva DB, Lima LARDS. Chemical profile, antioxidant potential and toxicity of Smilax brasiliensis Sprengel (Smilacaceae) stems. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112781. [PMID: 37120225 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Smilax brasiliensis Sprengel is a monocotyledon of the Smilacaceae family, native to the Brazilian Cerrado, popularly known as "salsaparrilha" or "japecanga". In this study, the ethanol extract (EE) and the hexane (HEXF), dichloromethane (DCMF), ethyl acetate (ACF), and hydroethanol (HEF) fractions of the stems were obtained. The chemical composition was determined, the contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were quantified, and the antioxidant potential and the cytotoxic effect on Artemia salina were evaluated. Fatty acid esters, hydrocarbons, and phytosterols were identified in the HEXF analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The EE and DCMF, ACF, and HEF were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and mass spectrometer (LC-DAD-MS), and the identified constituents included glycosylated (rutin, 3-O-β-galactopyranosyl quercetin, 3-O-β-glucopyranosyl quercetin, O-deoxyhexosyl-hexosyl quercetin, O-deoxyhexosyl-hexosyl kaempferol, O-deoxyhexosyl-hexosyl O-methyl quercetin, and others), and non-glycosylated (quercetin) flavonoids, phenylpropanoids (3-O-E-caffeoyl quinic acid, 5-O-E-caffeoyl quinic acid, O-caffeoyl shikimic acid, and others), neolignan, steroidal saponin (dioscin), and N-feruloyltyramine. The EE, DCMF, and ACF showed high total contents of phenolic compounds (112.99, 175.71, and 524.02 µg of GAE/mg, respectively), and in the ACF and DCMF a great content of flavonoids was also quantified (50.08 and 31.49 µg of QE/mg, respectively). The EE, DCMF, ACF, and HEF exhibited great antioxidant potential by DPPH (IC50 1.71 - 32.83 µg/mL) and FRAP (IC50 0.63 - 6,71 µg/mL) assays. A maximum cytotoxic activity on A. salina of 60% was observed for the DCMF (LC50 = 856.17 µg/mL). This study contributes to the phytochemical study of S. brasiliensis since these compounds were identified for the first time in the stems of this species. The S. brasiliensis stems demonstrated to be a rich source of polyphenols compounds and exhibited high antioxidant potential without toxicity. Thus, extract and fractions obtained from the S. brasiliensis stems can be used in food supplements or as natural antioxidants in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Caputo Assis Silva
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Chanadour, 35501-296, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Santos Azevedo
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Chanadour, 35501-296, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Hortência Fonsêca Castro
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Chanadour, 35501-296, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Katyuce de Souza Farias
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Av. Costa e Silva, Pioneiros, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Samúdio Santos Zanuncio
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Av. Costa e Silva, Pioneiros, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Av. Costa e Silva, Pioneiros, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Alves Rodrigues Dos Santos Lima
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Chanadour, 35501-296, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
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Lv Y, Xu X, Wei Y, Shen Y, Chen W, Wei X, Wang J, Xin J, He J, Zu X. Characterization and Discrimination of Ophiopogonis Radix with Different Levels of Sulfur Fumigation Based on UPLC-QTOF-MS Combined Molecular Networking with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020204. [PMID: 36837823 PMCID: PMC9963253 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophiopogonis Radix, also known as "Maidong" (MD) in China, is frequently sulfur-fumigated (SF) in the pretreatment process of MD to improve the appearance and facilitate preservation. However, the process leads to changes in chemical composition, so it is essential to develop an approach to identify the chemical characteristics between nonfumigated and sulfur-fumigated products. This paper provided a practical method based on UPLC-QTOF-MS combined Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) with multivariate statistical analysis for the characterization and discrimination of MD with different levels of sulfur fumigation, high concentration sulfur fumigation (HS), low concentration sulfur fumigation (LS) and without sulfur fumigation (WS). First, a number of 98 compounds were identified in those MD samples. Additionally, the results of Principal component analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) demonstrated that there were significant chemical differences in the chemical composition of MD with different degrees of SF. Finally, fourteen and sixteen chemical markers were identified upon the comparison between HS and WS, LS and WS, respectively. Overall, these results can be able to discriminate MD with different levels of SF as well as establish a solid foundation for further quality control and pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xike Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanping Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunheng Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xintong Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiayun Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jixiang He
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +086-0531-89628200 (J.H.); +086-021-81871248 (X.Z.)
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +086-0531-89628200 (J.H.); +086-021-81871248 (X.Z.)
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He J, Jiang J, Xie T, Liu Y, Cai H, Xiao S, Cai Z, Chen T. Exploring the nephrotoxicity of sulfur-containing derivatives in sulfur-fumigated Panacis Quinquefolii Radix based on chemical profiling and untargeted metabolomics. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 301:115773. [PMID: 36191660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panacis Quinquefolii Radix (PQR) is often illegally sulfur fumigated to extend shelf life and improve appearance, but existing regulations of detecting SO2 residues do not accurately identify desulfurized sulfur-fumigated PQR (SF-PQR). Although sulfur-containing derivatives (SCDs) have been reported in some sulfur-fumigated herbs, there is a lack of research on the generation mechanisms and toxicity of SCDs. Our previous study reported the nephrotoxicity of SF-PQR, and there is an urgent necessity to illuminate the mechanism of toxicity as well as its association with SCDs. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the transformation pattern of chemical components and SCDs in SF-PQR, and to disclose the linkage between SCDs and SF-PQR nephrotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extracts of PQR (before and after SF) were detected by the UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS method, and SCDs were screened as quality markers (Q-markers). The composition of sulfur combustion products was examined by ion chromatography to exploit the conversion mechanism of SCDs. After administration of PQR extracts to mice for two weeks, serum was collected for GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics study to mine for differential metabolites. The upstream genes were traced by network analysis to probe toxicity targets. Molecular docking was used to uncover the interactions between SCDs and the targets. RESULTS Thirty-three compounds were identified and 11 SCDs of saponins were screened, including four SO3 sulfonation products and five H2SO3 sulfonation products. Metabolomics study showed significant alterations in serum biochemistry of SF-PQR group, with substantial increases in fumarate and 2-heptanone content, and induced disturbances in glycerolipid metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis in mice. Network analysis revealed that the key toxicity targets were DECR1, PLA2G1B, and CAT. Molecular docking indicated that SCDs had stable interaction forces with the above three toxicity targets. CONCLUSION SF-PQR caused kidney damage by affecting glycerolipid metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. Eleven SCDs were potential nephrotoxic substances and Q-markers for identifying SF-PQR. This study is the first to systematically elucidate the mechanism of SF-PQR-related nephrotoxicity, providing a robust basis for the construction of new quality control standards and a global prohibition of sulfur fumigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin He
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301(#) Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301(#) Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tong Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- ADR Monitoring Center, Zhenjiang Food and Drug Supervision and Inspection Center, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shichang Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301(#) Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhihui Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301(#) Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- Comprehensive Technical Center, Zhenjiang Customs District PR China, Zhenjiang, 212004, China.
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Zhang J, Wang J, Wang Y, Chen M, Shi X, Zhou X, Zhang Z. Phytochemistry and Antioxidant Activities of the Rhizome and Radix of Millettia speciosa Based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS. Molecules 2022; 27:7398. [PMID: 36364224 PMCID: PMC9656107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The root of Millettia speciosa Champ. (MSCP) is used in folk medicine and is popular as a soup ingredient. The root is composed of the rhizome and radix, but only the radix has been used as a food. Thus, it is very important to compare the chemical components and antioxidant activities between the rhizome and radix. The extracts were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS and multivariate analysis, and the antioxidant activities were evaluated by 2,20-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazo-line-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. Ninety-one compounds were detected simultaneously and temporarily identified. Ten compounds were identified as chemical markers to distinguish the rhizome from the radix. The antioxidant activities of the radix were higher than the rhizome. Correlation analysis showed that uvaol-3-caffeate, 3-O-caffeoyloleanolic acid, and khrinone E were the main active markers for antioxidant activity, which allowed for the rapid differentiation of rhizomes and the radix. Therefore, it could be helpful for future exploration of its material base and bioactive mechanism. In addition, it would be considered to be used as a new method for the quality control of M. speciosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Zhang
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Qin Zhou Provincial Health School, Qinzhou 535009, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Qin Zhou Provincial Health School, Qinzhou 535009, China
| | - Xuemin Shi
- Qin Zhou Provincial Health School, Qinzhou 535009, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- Qin Zhou Provincial Health School, Qinzhou 535009, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Yin K, Yang J, Wang F, Wang Z, Xiang P, Xie X, Sun J, He X, Zhang X. A preliminary study of the chemical composition and bioactivity of Bombax ceiba L. flower and its potential mechanism in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-flight mass spectrometry and network pharmacology analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1018733. [PMID: 36313078 PMCID: PMC9608341 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1018733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to preliminary investigate the phytochemistry, bioactivity, hypoglycemic potential, and mechanism of action of Bombax ceiba L. flower (BCF), a wild edible and food plant in China. By using methanol extraction and liquid-liquid extraction, the crude extract (CE) of BCF and its petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and aqueous (AQ) fractions were obtained, and their chemical components and biological activities were evaluated. Further high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was carried out to identify and quantify the active constituents of BFC and its five fractions, and the phytochemical composition of the best-performing fraction was then analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Finally, a network pharmacology strategy based on the chemical profile of this fraction was applied to speculate its main hypoglycemic mechanism. Results revealed the excellent biological activities of BCF, especially the EtOAc fraction. In addition to the highest total flavonoid content (TFC) (367.72 μg RE/mg E) and total phenolics content (TPC) (47.97 μg GAE/mg E), EtOAc showed the strongest DPPH⋅ scavenging ability (IC50 value = 29.56 μg/mL), ABTS⋅+ scavenging ability (IC50 value = 84.60 μg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (889.62 μg FeSO4/mg E), which were stronger than the positive control BHT. EtOAc also exhibited the second-best α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity and second-best acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory capacity with the IC50 values of 2.85 and 3.27 mg/mL, respectively. Also, EtOAc inhibited HepG2, MCF-7, Raw264.7, and A549 cell with IC50 values of 1.08, 1.62, 0.77, and 0.87 mg/mL, which were the second or third strongest in all fractions. Additionally, HPLC analysis revealed significant differences in the compounds’ abundance between different fractions. Among them, EtOAc had the most detected compounds and the highest content. According to the results of UPLC/Q-TOF-MS, 38 compounds were identified in EtOAc, including 24 phenolic acids and 6 flavonoids. Network pharmacological analysis further confirmed 41 potential targets of EtOAc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and intracellular receptor signaling pathways, unsaturated fatty acid, and DNA transcription pathways were the most possible mechanisms. These findings suggested that BCF was worthwhile to be developed as an antioxidant and anti-diabetic food/drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehong Yin
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinmei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xing Xie
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Health, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xuemei He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Xuemei He,
| | - Xuechun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China,Xuechun Zhang,
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Wu Y, He L, Yang Y, Yan Z, Zhang Z, Yao X, Luo P. Influence of heat processing on the anti-inflammatory activity of fresh Smilax glabra based on PDE4 inhibition. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100425. [PMID: 36211720 PMCID: PMC9532784 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat processing plays a key role in chemical profiles and health benefits of fresh SG. Fresh SG exhibits significant anti‐inflammatory effect based on PDE4 inhibition. The heat-labile quality and safety aspects of four astilbin isomers are compared.
Smilax glabra Roxb. (SG) is widely used as functional food with various beneficial effects. Fresh SG without processing has been eaten directly for anti-inflammation from ancient China, while the underlying mechanism remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of fresh SG by using metabolites profiles, affinity ultrafiltration mass spectrometry, PDE4 enzyme inhibition assay, and in silico analysis. Encouragingly, fresh SG showed promising anti-inflammatory effect with IC50 value (0.009 μg/μL) on PDE4 was about 12 times higher than that of processed SG (0.110 μg/μL). Astilbin was identified as the main bioactive compound of fresh SG responsible for PDE4 inhibitory activity. We found that heat processing strongly affected astilbin isomerization, leading to significant changes in contents and PDE4 inhibitory activities of four astilbin isomers, resulting in decreased anti-inflammatory activity of fresh SG. This finding will provide theoretical basis for systematic research and food/nutraceutical applications of fresh Smilax glabra in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjiao Wu
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 853, China
| | - Lili He
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 853, China
- National Engineering Institute for the Research and Development of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 853, China
| | - Zhigang Yan
- National Engineering Institute for the Research and Development of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 853, China
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 853, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 853, China
- Corresponding author.
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Guan H, Li P, Wang Q, Zeng F, Wang D, Zhou M, Zhou M, He X, Liao S, Pan W. Systematically Exploring the Chemical Ingredients and Absorbed Constituents of Polygonum capitatum in Hyperuricemia Rat Plasma Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113521. [PMID: 35684459 PMCID: PMC9182448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonum capitatum as an ethnic medicine has been used to treat urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis and urinary calculi. In our previous study, P. capitatum was found to have anti-hyperuricemia effects. Nevertheless, the active constituents of P. capitatum for treating hyperuricemia were still unclear. In this study, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was used to comprehensively detect the chemical ingredients of P. capitatum and its absorbed constituents in the plasma of hyperuricemia rats for the first time. Xcalibur 3.0 and Compound Discoverer 2.0 software coupled to mzCloud and ChemSpider databases were utilized for qualitative analysis. A total of 114 chemical components including phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, phenylpropanoids, amino acids, amides and others were identified or tentatively characterized based on the exact mass, retention time and structural information. Compared to the previous P. capitatum study, an additional 66 different components were detected. Moreover, 68 related xenobiotics including 16 prototype components and 52 metabolites were found in the plasma of hyperuricemia rats. The metabolic pathways included ring fission, hydrolysis, decarboxylation, dehydroxylation, methylation, glucuronidation and sulfation. This work may provide important information for further investigation on the active constituents of P. capitatum and their action mechanisms for anti-hyperuricemia effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.G.); (Q.W.); (F.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Pengfei Li
- National Institute of Drug Clinical Trial, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China;
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.G.); (Q.W.); (F.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Fanli Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.G.); (Q.W.); (F.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Daoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.G.); (Q.W.); (F.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.G.); (Q.W.); (F.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.G.); (Q.W.); (F.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xun He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.G.); (Q.W.); (F.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Shanggao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.G.); (Q.W.); (F.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (W.P.)
| | - Weidong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.G.); (Q.W.); (F.Z.); (D.W.); (M.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (W.P.)
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Qiao J, Lu G, Wu G, Liu H, Wang W, Zhang T, Xie G, Qin M. Influence of different pretreatments and drying methods on the chemical compositions and bioactivities of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma. Chin Med 2022; 17:54. [PMID: 35524264 PMCID: PMC9074193 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The processing of medicinal plant materials is one of the important factors influencing the components and biological activities of TCMs. Smilax glabra Roxb. is an herbal vine widely distributed in China, and its dried rhizome (Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma, SGR) is often used in traditional medicines and functional foods. The processing methods of fresh cutting for SGR slices have been included in ancient Chinese herbal works, some local standards of TCMs, and the current Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Nevertheless, to date, the scientific basis for the processing of fresh medicinal materials for SGR slices has not been revealed. Methods To optimize the processing method for preparing SGR slices from the fresh rhizomes, the chemical compositions of the un-pretreated and pretreated (boiling, steaming) samples before and after drying (sun-drying, shade-drying, oven-drying), and the contents of astilbin isomers in dried SGR were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and UHPLC-DAD methods, respectively. Then, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, xanthine oxidase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the prepared SGR slices were investigated by biological assays. Results A total of fifty-two compounds were identified from the un-pretreated and pretreated samples and a total of forty-nine compounds were identified from the subsequently dried samples. After pretreated by boiling and steaming, the contents of neoastilbin, neoisoastilbin, and isoastilbin in the prepared samples all increased. As a quality marker of SGR, the content of astilbin was unchanged or decreased slightly compared with that in the un-pretreated samples. During the drying process, the contents of the four astilbin stereoisomers in the un-pretreated samples increased significantly, while those in the pretreated samples had a slight increase or decrease. The effects of different processing methods were sorted according to the bioactivities of the prepared SGR. As a result, SGR slices prepared with no pretreatment followed by a sun-drying process have a higher astilbin content, better bioactivities and more energy savings, representing the optimum processing method for SGR slices. Conclusions This study reveals the scientific basis for the processing of fresh medicinal materials for SGR slices. The results provide scientific information for the quality control of SGR and its rational applications in herbal medicines and functional foods. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00614-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Qiao
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Gengyu Lu
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Gang Wu
- The Teaching Experiments Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Yangzhou Center for Food and Drug Control, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Wanli Wang
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Tianmao Zhang
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Guoyong Xie
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Minjian Qin
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Wang L, Fan J, Qin X, Li Z. Rapid discrimination of raw and sulfur-fumigated Farfarae Flos based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zhang Y, Wang B, Zhao P, He F, Xiao W, Zhu J, Ding Y. A comprehensive evaluation protocol for sulfur fumigation of ginseng using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and multivariate statistical analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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de Brito JAG, Pinto LDS, Chaves CF, Ribeiro da Silva AJ, da Silva MFDGF, Cotinguiba F. Chemophenetic Significance of Anomalocalyx uleanus Metabolites are Revealed by Dereplication Using Molecular Networking Tools. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040925. [PMID: 33572445 PMCID: PMC7916253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anomalocalyx uleanus (Pax & K. Hoffm.) Ducke (Euphorbiaceae) is a singular species in the genus and is restricted and exclusive to the Brazilian Amazon. A phytochemical study of A. uleanus leaves was performed, yielding the isolation of five major compounds: catechin/epicatechin, afzelin, quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, and astilbin. The phytochemical compositions of the methanolic extracts of leaves, roots, bark, and stem bark were determined using a dereplication approach. Forty-six compounds were annotated from the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) data, while four lipids were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, fifty compounds were detected, and they belonged to the primary metabolism and several classes of natural products such as flavonoids, flavonoids O-glycosides, flavonoids C-glycosides, biflavonoids, procyanidin, triterpene, triterpenes esterified with phenylpropanoids, phenylpropanoid derivatives, flavonolignans, coumarins, quinic acid derivatives, and benzoic acid derivatives. This is the first report on the phytochemical data of the genus Anomalocalyx, and the results of this study will contribute to the chemosystematic knowledge of the Euphorbiaceae family and justify the need for investigation of the pharmacological potential of the species A. uleanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Assis Gomes de Brito
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais “Walter Mors”, Centro de Ciencas da Saude, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco H, Cidade Universitaria, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (J.A.G.d.B.); (C.F.C.); (A.J.R.d.S.)
- Instituto Federal de Rondônia, Campus de Ji-Parana, Rua Rio Amazonas, 151, Jardim dos Migrantes, CEP 78960-000 Ji-Paraná-RO, Brazil
| | - Luciano da Silva Pinto
- Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos-SP, Brazil; (L.d.S.P.); (M.F.d.G.F.d.S.)
| | - Cintia Folly Chaves
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais “Walter Mors”, Centro de Ciencas da Saude, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco H, Cidade Universitaria, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (J.A.G.d.B.); (C.F.C.); (A.J.R.d.S.)
| | - Antônio Jorge Ribeiro da Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais “Walter Mors”, Centro de Ciencas da Saude, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco H, Cidade Universitaria, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (J.A.G.d.B.); (C.F.C.); (A.J.R.d.S.)
| | | | - Fernando Cotinguiba
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais “Walter Mors”, Centro de Ciencas da Saude, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco H, Cidade Universitaria, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (J.A.G.d.B.); (C.F.C.); (A.J.R.d.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-3938-6791
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Li X, Yang L, Xu M, Qiao G, Li C, Lin L, Zheng G. Smilax china L. polyphenols alleviates obesity and inflammation by modulating gut microbiota in high fat/high sucrose diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Chen L, Chen H, Lu Y, Han L, Wang S, Liu M, Li X, Zhao J, Lu C, Li S. Decoding active components in a formulation of multiple herbs for treatment of psoriasis based on three cell lines fishing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113331. [PMID: 32380350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chinese medicine formula (CMF) usually contains multiple herbs and its components are very complicated, which therapeutic effects are derived from the integrative activity of multiple components. Therefore, the screening of bioactive compounds in the formula is necessary, though it is very difficult, not only for elucidating the therapeutic components but also for developing the quality control method. In this work, three cell lines fishing combined with LC-MS analysis was developed for screening the potential bioactive compounds in Fuzhengzhiyanghefuzhiyang decoction (FZHFZY), a CMF for the treatment of psoriasis in clinic. Nineteen potential active compounds were discovered and thirteen of them were identified as rehmannioside D, melittoside or rehmannioside A, tufulingoside, neoastilbin, astilbin, neoisoastilbin, isoastilbin, engeletin, isoengeletin, spinosin, cnidimoside A, rutaevin and limonin, respectively. The effects of identified components were also analyzed in vitro. The results showed that IL-1β expression of RAW 264.7 cells treated with spinosin and melittoside as well as the TNF-α level of RAW 264.7 cells treated with rehmannioside D and melittoside were not significantly different compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated cells. Though all identified potential active components had no apoptosis effect to HaCaT cells, rehmannioside D, rehmannioside A, astilbin and neoisoastilbin could significantly suppress HUVEC cells migration compared with control. These results indicated that the target cell fishing combined with LC-MS analysis is a useful tool for screening bioactive compounds from complicated CMF, and the identified active components may mainly contribute to the therapeutic effects of FZHFZY.
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Yu WY, Li L, Wu F, Zhang HH, Fang J, Zhong YS, Yu CH. Moslea Herba flavonoids alleviated influenza A virus-induced pulmonary endothelial barrier disruption via suppressing NOX4/NF-κB/MLCK pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 253:112641. [PMID: 32017949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Moslae Herba, a common traditional Chinese herb with special flavor, has potential for treating respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. AIM OF THIS STUDY Lung endothelial barrier dysfunction (LEBD) accelerates the pathogenesis of influenza A virus (IAV)-induced secondary acute lung injury. New strategies against LEBD provide benefits in prevention and treatment of IAV. Previous studies showed that flavonoids (MHF), main bioactivity fraction derived from M. Herba, exerted anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities, but the underlying protection of MHF against IAV-induced acute lung injury remained obscure. The present study was to investigate the protection of MHF against IAV-induced LEBD in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were intranasally challenged with IAV and orally administered with MHF for 5 days. The pulmonary hyperpermeability of infected mice was evaluated by Evans Blue staining and in vivo imaging. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and mediators were detected by ELISA assay. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) was measured by using TER meter. The expressions of key proteins in NOX4-mediated NF-κB/MLCK pathways were determined by western blotting. RESULTS MHF treatment reduced lung index, W/D ratios, and serum levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, PLA2, LBT4 and ICAM-1) in IAV-infected mice. Evans blue staining and in vivo imaging results revealed that MHF alleviated IAV-induced barrier dysfunction and pulmonary hyperpermeability. Moreover, luteolin and kaempferol, the main activity compounds in MHF, significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced HPMVEC apoptosis, and downregulated NF-κB/MLCK pathway by targeting NOX4. CONCLUSION MHF attenuated IAV-induced barrier dysfunction by suppressing NOX4/NF-κB/MLCK pathway and may serve as a potential agent for the prevention of LEBD and IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Lan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, China; Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yu-Sen Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
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Tian C, Song Y, Xu H, Yao X, Niu S, Shen L, He L. Chemical characterization of ginger and vinegar soaked ginger: Changes in volatiles and chemical profile. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐piao Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University for Nationalities Nanning China
| | - Ya‐ling Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University for Nationalities Nanning China
| | - Hai‐tang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University for Nationalities Nanning China
| | - Xing‐dong Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University for Nationalities Nanning China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products Guangxi University for Nationalities Nanning China
| | - Si‐qi Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University for Nationalities Nanning China
| | - Li‐qun Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University for Nationalities Nanning China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products Guangxi University for Nationalities Nanning China
| | - Li‐li He
- National Engineering Institute for the Research and Development of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Nanning China
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Jiang J, Xiao S, Yan S, Zhang J, Xu X. The effects of sulfur fumigation processing on Panacis Quinquefolii Radix in chemical profile, immunoregulation and liver and kidney injury. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 249:112377. [PMID: 31707050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The influence of sulfur fumigation processing on chemical profile, pharmacological activity and safety of Chinese herbs has attracted great attention. Panacis Quinquefolii Radix (PQR) was more widely used as edible and medicinal than Ginseng because of its tonifying effect and characteristic of not getting inflamed. The disadvantage of sulfur fumigated (SF) Ginseng has been reported, but the systematic study of SF-PQR is deficient and urgently needed. AIM OF THE STUDY To systematically describe the influence of sulfur fumigation on chemical profile, characteristic products, immunoregulation and liver and kidney injury of PQR. MATERIALS AND METHODS ICP-MS and HPLC-DAD were used to detect 11 inorganic elements and 3 ginsenosides, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to distinguish SF-PQR from non-sulfur fumigated (NSF)-PQR by combining the content changes of inorganic elements and ginsenosides. UPLC/Orbitrap-MS was applied to screen the characteristic products (m/z) after sulfur fumigation. For the effectiveness and safety, male KM mice were used to compare the immunomodulatory effects of NSF-PQR or SF-PQR under both healty and cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressive conditions by net growth rate of body weight, thymus and spleen indices, serum IL-6, SOD, BUN, AST levels, and HE staining of liver and kidney. RESULTS Sulfur fumigation processing significantly reduced the contents of ginsenosides Rb1, Re and Rg1 with the elevation of inorganic elements in 20 batches PQR. Based on the scatter distribution of PCA, SF-PQR and NSF-PQR can be distinguished. According to the Rt, Precursor ion (m/z) and Product ion (m/z) produced by UPLC/Orbit trap-MS, R1-SO3 (m/z, 1059.53), Re-SO3 (m/z, 1025.55), Rg1-SO3 (m/z, 878.47), Ro-SO3 (m/z, 1035.32), Rb1-SO3 (m/z, 1179.58), and Rk3-SO3 (m/z, 745.40) could be confirmed as important markers for identifying SF-PQR. The effect of SF-PQR on reversing immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) evidenced by the inhibition of net growth rate of body weight, immune organ index, IL-6 level and SOD activity. For healthy mice, SF-PQR not only failed to maintain the normal indexes, but also reduced the indexes to lower levels. After 2 weeks of continuous gastric administration, the abnormal liver and kidney functions in healthy mice were damaged and manifested by the increasing of BUN and AST levels, which was consistent with hepatic lesion area and renal tubular injury observed by HE staining. CONCLUSION Sulfur fumigation processing not only reduced the immunomodulatory effect of PQR, but also brought the hidden danger in liver and kidney injury. The sulfonated products provided in this paper can be applied for the identification of SF-PQR accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301(#) Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shichang Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301(#) Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu Yan
- ADR Monitoring Center, Zhenjiang Food and Drug Supervision and Inspection Center, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinxuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301(#) Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301(#) Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Qian W, Wu W, Kang Y, Wang Y, Yang P, Deng Y, Ni C, Huang J. Comprehensive identification of minor components and bioassay-guided isolation of an unusual antioxidant from Azolla imbricata using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography—quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with multicomponent knockout and bioactivity evaluation. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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He L, Zhang Z, Yao C, Miao J, Yan B, Wu L, Pan L, Song Z, Wei S. Rapid Screening of Forskolin-Type Diterpenoids of Blumea aromatica DC Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Based on the Mass Defect Filtering Approach. Molecules 2019; 24:E3073. [PMID: 31450838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new active compounds of natural products tends to be increasingly more challenging due to chemical complexity and unpredictable matrices. Forskolin is an active natural labdane-type diterpenoid ingredient widely used worldwide for the treatment of glaucoma, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, and asthma, and is expected to be a promising anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-HIV agent. In recent years, demand for forskolin in the medicine market has increased dramatically. However, natural forskolin originates exclusively from traditional Indian herb medicine Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq. In a previous study, we isolated a series of diterpenoids including an 8,13-epoxy-14ene labdane carbon skeleton from Blumea aromatica DC. In order to identify alternative plant resources, a novel and effective strategy was proposed for the screening of potential forskolin-type diterpenoids (FSKD) compounds obtained from B. aromatica, using the mass defect filtering (MDF) strategy via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) approach. Within a narrow, well-defined mass defect range, the strategy developed could significantly improve the detection efficiency of selected FSKD compounds by filtering out certain major or moderate interference compounds. Additionally, the MS/MS cleavage behavior and the characteristic diagnostic ions of the FSKD compounds were proposed to be used in aiding structural identification of the filtration compounds. As a result, a total of 38 FSKD of B. aromatica were filtered out and tentatively identified. To the best of our knowledge, it was the first time that these forskolin-type diterpenoids were identified in B. aromatica, which significantly expands our understanding of the chemical constituents of Blumea species, and allows B. aromatica to be used as a potential alternative plant resource that contains these forskolin-type active compounds. The strategy proposed was proven efficient and reliable for the discovery of novel compounds of herbal extracts.
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Abstract
Around 70-80% of drugs used in traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM) come from Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the majority of which are plants. The biological and medicinal culture diversity on Qinghai Tibet Plateau are amazing and constitute a less tapped resource for innovative drug research and development. Meanwhile, the problem of the exhausting Tibetan medicine resources is worrying. Here, the latest awareness, as well as the gaps of the traditional Tibetan medicinal plant issues in drug development and clinical usage of TTM compounds, was systematically reviewed and highlighted. The TTM resource studies should be enhanced within the context of deeper and more extensive investigations of molecular biology and genomics of TTM plants, phytometabolites and metabolomics and ethnopharmacology-based bioactivity, thus enabling the sustainable conservation and exploitation of Tibetan medicinal resource.
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