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Malmir M, Lima K, Camões SP, Manageiro V, Duarte MP, Miranda JP, Serrano R, da Silva IM, Lima BS, Caniça M, Silva O. Bioguided Identification of Active Antimicrobial Compounds from Asphodelus bento-rainhae and Asphodelus macrocarpus Root Tubers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:830. [PMID: 37375777 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Root tubers of Asphodelus bento-rainhae subsp. bento-rainhae (AbR), a vulnerable endemic species, and Asphodelus macrocarpus subsp. macrocarpus (AmR) have traditionally been used in Portugal to treat inflammatory and infectious skin disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of crude 70% and 96% hydroethanolic extracts of both medicinal plants, specifically against multidrug-resistant skin-related pathogens, to identify the involved marker secondary metabolites and also to assess the pre-clinical toxicity of these medicinal plant extracts. Bioguided fractionation of the 70% hydroethanolic extracts of both species using solvents of increasing polarity, namely diethyl ether (DEE: AbR-1, AmR-1), ethyl acetate (AbR-2, AmR-2) and aqueous (AbR-3, AmR-3) fractions, enabled the identification of the DEE fractions as the most active against all the tested Gram-positive microorganisms (MIC: 16 to 1000 µg/mL). Furthermore, phytochemical analyses using TLC and LC-UV/DAD-ESI/MS techniques revealed the presence of anthracene derivatives as the main constituents of DEE fractions, and five known compounds, namely 7'-(chrysophanol-4-yl)-chrysophanol-10'-C-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-anthrone (p), 10,7'-bichrysophanol (q), chrysophanol (r), 10-(chrysophanol-7'-yl)-10-hydroxychrysophanol-9-anthrone (s) and asphodelin (t), were identified as the main marker compounds. All these compounds showed high antimicrobial activity, particularly against Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC: 3.2 to 100 µg/mL). Importantly, no cytotoxicity against HepG2 and HaCaT cells (up to 125 µg/mL) for crude extracts of both species and genotoxicity (up to 5000 µg/mL, with and without metabolic activation) for AbR 96% hydroethanolic extract was detected using the MTT and Ames tests, respectively. Overall, the obtained results contribute to the concrete validation of the use of these medicinal plants as potential sources of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Malmir
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Katelene Lima
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Póvoas Camões
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera Manageiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare-Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Animal Science Studies (CECA), Institute of Agricultural and Agro-Food Sciences and Technologies (ICETA), University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Duarte
- The Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center (MEtRICs), Nova School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joana Paiva Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Serrano
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moreira da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva Lima
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare-Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Animal Science Studies (CECA), Institute of Agricultural and Agro-Food Sciences and Technologies (ICETA), University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Olga Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Variability of insecticidal activity of Cupressus sempervirens L., Juniperus phoenicea L., Mentha rotundifolia (L.) Huds, and Asphodelus microcarpus Salzm. & Viv. extracts according to solvents and extraction systems. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Malmir M, Serrano R, Lima K, Duarte MP, Moreira da Silva I, Silva Lima B, Caniça M, Silva O. Monographic Quality Parameters and Genotoxicity Assessment of Asphodelus bento-rainhae and Asphodelus macrocarpus Root Tubers as Herbal Medicines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3173. [PMID: 36432902 PMCID: PMC9692987 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Root tubers of Asphodelus bento-rainhae subsp. bento-rainhae (AbR), an endemic species with relevant interest due to conservation concerns, and Asphodelus macrocarpus subsp. macrocarpus (AmR) have been traditionally used for culinary and medicinal purposes, mainly associated with skin infection and inflammation. The present study aims to establish the quality control criteria for the proper characterization of dried root tubers of both species as herbal substances, together with their preclinical safety assessments. Botanical identification using macroscopic and microscopic techniques and phytochemical evaluation/quantification of the main classes of marker secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds (flavonoid, anthraquinone, condensed and hydrolysable tannin) and terpenoids were performed. Additionally, in vitro genotoxicity/mutagenicity was evaluated by Ames test. Evident morphological differences in the development of tubercles (3.5 × 1 cm in AbR and 8.7 × 1.4 cm in AmR) and microscopicly in the arrangements and characteristics of the vascular cylinder (metaxylem and protoxylems) were found. Anatomical similarities such as multiple-layered epidermis (velamen) and the cortex area with thin-walled idioblasts (134 ± 2.9 µm and 150 ± 27.6 µm) containing raphide crystals (37.2 ± 14.2 µm and 87.7 ± 15.3 µm) were observed between AbR and AmR, respectively. Terpenoids (173.88 ± 29.82 and 180.55 ± 10.57 mg OAE/g dried weight) and condensed tannins (128.64 ± 14.05 and 108.35 ± 20.37 mg CAE/g dried weight) were found to be the main class of marker secondary metabolites of AbR and AmR extracts, respectively. No genotoxicity (up to 5 mg/plate, without metabolic activation) was detected in these medicinal plants' tested extracts. The obtained results will contribute to the knowledge of the value of the Portuguese flora and their future commercial cultivation utilization as raw materials for industrial and pharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Malmir
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Serrano
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Katelene Lima
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Duarte
- MEtRICs/Chemical Department, Nova School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moreira da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva Lima
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare-Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Olga Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Abosedera DA, Emara S, Tamam OA, Badr OM, Khalifa SA, El-Seedi HR, Refaey MS. Metabolomic profile and in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of Asphodelus microcarpus against human malignant melanoma cells A375. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Dall’Acqua S, Sut S, Zengin G, Peron G, Elbasan F, Yildiztugay E, Bibi Sadeer N, Mahomoodally MF. Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties of Three Prangos Species (P. heyniae, P. meliocarpoides var. meliocarpoides, and P. uechtritzii) Depicted by Comprehensive LC-MS and Multivariate Data Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091712. [PMID: 36139785 PMCID: PMC9495836 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify/quantify bioactive compounds and determine the antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory effects of various solvent extracts (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) of Prangos heyniae H. Duman and M.F. Watson, Prangos meliocarpoides var. meliocarpoides, and Prangos uechtritzii Boiss. and Hausskn. This is the first time such a report has been designed to validate the phytochemical composition and bioactivity (especially enzyme inhibitory properties) of these plants. A combined approach of liquid chromatography (LC) with mass spectrometry (HR-MS and MSn) allowed to identify that P. heyniae contains condensed tannins; P. meliocarpoides is rich in hydrolysable tannins; and P. uechtritzii possesses coumarins, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acids. Different extracts were tested for antioxidant activities using a battery of assays, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (phosphomolybdenum), and metal chelating. Enzyme inhibitory effects were investigated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase as target enzymes. The obtained results depended on the extraction solvents used for each Prangos species. The methanol extract of P. meliocarpoides var. meliocarpoides exhibited significant radical scavenging activity (DPPH: 52.27 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g; ABTS: 92.84 mg TE/g), the most potent-reducing potential (CUPRAC: 154.04 mg TE/g; FRAP: 104.34 mg TE/g), and high TAC (2.52 mmol TE/g). Moreover, the strongest BChE (7.97 mg galantamine equivalent/g), α-amylase (0.46 mmol acarbose equivalent/g), and tyrosinase (81.15 mg kojic acid equivalent/g) inhibitory effects were observed for the hexane extract of P. meliocarpoides var. meliocarpoides. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between hydrolysable tannins and antioxidant activities. The same trend was also observed between the same class of compounds and the inhibitory effects on enzymatic activities. These results suggest a principal role of hydrolysable tannins in the observed bioactivities of Prangos. Our results suggested that the tested Prangos species could be valuable as sources of natural agents in the development of health-promoting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42300, Turkey
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gregorio Peron
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fevzi Elbasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42300, Turkey
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Selcuk University, Konya 42300, Turkey
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42300, Turkey
| | - Nabeelah Bibi Sadeer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai 600077, India
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Li XY, Wang Z, Jiang JG, Shen CY. Role of polyphenols from Polygonum multiflorum Caulis in obesity-related disorders. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115378. [PMID: 35562092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygoni Multiflori Caulis (PMC) has been widely consumed as folk medicine in China for anti-obesity, sleep-enhancing and many other pharmacological effects. However, the material basis and underlying mechanism of PMC on obesity-related disorders were still not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY To screen active constituents from PMC and explore their multitarget mechanisms in the treatment of obesity and its associated disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Several major constituents were extracted from PMC and LC-MS assay were used to identify the compounds. The lipase inhibitory activity and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were determined. Furthermore, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice were established to explore the potential pharmacological functions and related mechanisms using kits, RT-qPCR and biochemical analysis. RESULTS Regarding the lipase inhibitory activity, the inhibition rate of EA and n-Bu extracts at 4 mg/mL reached over 80%. Effects on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes proliferation and differentiation were also obvious, indicating that EA and n-Bu extracts might exert potential anti-obesity functions. LC-MS assay further showed that polyphenols including emodin and physcion comprised majority of EA and n-Bu extracts. EA and n-Bu extracts treatment could significantly modulate the antioxidant response and lipid accumulation in C. elegans, as evidenced by increased SOD and CAT contents, reduced MDA levels, higher TG contents and changes of related mRNA expression levels. In HFD-induced mice, the inhibition ratio of body weight as well as the histological and biochemical indexes of liver, plasma and epididymal adipose tissues were also reversed by EA and n-Bu extracts treatment. Moreover, EA and n-Bu extracts administration increased the microbial diversity, reshaped the microbiota structure and enhanced the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the multicomponent and multitarget characteristics of PMC in preventing obesity related disorders. The results provided novel insights for the development and utilization of PMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Chun-Yan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
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Comprehensive analysis of antibacterial and anti-hepatoma activity of metabolites from jujube fruit. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Paura B, Di Marzio P. Making a Virtue of Necessity: The Use of Wild Edible Plant Species (Also Toxic) in Bread Making in Times of Famine According to Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti (1766). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:285. [PMID: 35205151 PMCID: PMC8869735 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
In 1766, the agricultural scientist Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti described for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the wild and cultivated plant species that could be used, in times of famine, to increase the quantity of flour or vegetable mass in bread making. These wild plants can be defined as wild edible plants (WEPs) or "alimurgic species", a concept usually traced back to Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti himself. The 342 plant names mentioned in the text are in the Tuscan vernacular, so a research work was done on bibliographic sources from the 1800s in order to match them with their current nomenclature. This process led to an "alimurgic flora" repertoire based on the writing of Targioni Tozzetti; and a comparison with our AlimurgITA database of 1103 wild edible plants used in Italy. It is particularly interesting that in his short treatise, Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti identified eight toxic plants (corresponding to 14 species), indicating how to eliminate the poisonous substances from their useful roots. We treat them in detail, examining their current and past use, their geographical distribution in Italy, and their eventual toxicity. We obtained 343 matches, of which 198 were reliable (certain matches) and 145 possessed some degree of uncertainty (due to generic or collective vernacular names). Among the 198 certain identifications, 140 species are present in the AlimurgITA database (92 mentioned for Tuscany) and 58 are not; for bread-making there are only documentary traces of 53 species for Italy and 7 for Tuscany. Moreover, among the total 198 species, 84 showed some degree of hazard. Researching edible toxic spontaneous species allows: (1) investigation, from an unusual perspective, of a historical period in which the poor conditions of some social strata led to finding unusual solutions to food provision; (2) idea generation to re-enable potentially useful WEPs whose use has been lost. Making a virtue of necessity!
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Paura
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Piera Di Marzio
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy;
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Determination of total flavonoid content by aluminum chloride assay: A critical evaluation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dekić MS, Selimović ES. New Natural Products from Asphodelus albus MILL. Essential Oil. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18. [PMID: 34050716 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A detailed chemical analysis of the essential oil of Asphodelus albus roots performed in this work, in combination with a chemical synthesis approach - the synthesis of selected compounds and their detailed spectral analysis - has led to the identification of a series of new natural products, the esters of furan-3-ylmethanol: furan-3-ylmethyl 2-methylpropanoate, furan-3-ylmethyl butanoate, furan-3-ylmethyl 2-methylbutanoate, furan-3-ylmethyl 3-methylbutanoate, furan-3-ylmethyl pentanoate, furan-3-ylmethyl 4-methylpentanoate, and furan-3-ylmethyl hexanoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan S Dekić
- Department of Chemical and Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Enisa S Selimović
- Department of Chemical and Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300, Novi Pazar, Serbia
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Uysal A, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF, Picot-Allain C, Jekő J, Cziáky Z, Rodrigues MJ, Ak G, Polat R, Urusan Z, Sinan KI, Custodio L. A comparative study on biological properties and chemical profiles of different solvent extracts from Centaurea bingoelensis, an endemic plant of Turkey. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Dall’Acqua S, Sinan KI, Ferrarese I, Sut S, Bene K, Mahomoodally MF, Bibi Sadeer N, Ak G, Zengin G. Chromatographic Separation of Breynia retusa (Dennst.) Alston Bark, Fruit and Leaf Constituents from Bioactive Extracts. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235537. [PMID: 33255853 PMCID: PMC7728322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breynia retusa (Dennst.) Alston (also known as Cup Saucer plant) is a food plant with wide applications in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurveda. Extracts obtained with four solvents (dichloromethane, methanol, ethyl acetate and water), from three plant parts, (fruit, leaf and bark) were obtained. Extracts were tested for total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activities using a battery of assays including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (phosphomolybdenum) and metal chelating. Enzyme inhibitory effects were investigated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase as target enzymes. Results showed that the methanolic bark extract exhibited significant radical scavenging activity (DPPH: 202.09 ± 0.15; ABTS: 490.12 ± 0.18 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g), reducing potential (FRAP: 325.86 ± 4.36: CUPRAC: 661.82 ± 0.40 mg TE/g) and possessed the highest TAC (3.33 ± 0.13 mmol TE/g). The methanolic extracts were subjected to LC-DAD-MSn and NMR analysis. A two-column LC method was developed to separate constituents, allowing to identify and quantify forty-four and fifteen constituents in bark and fruits, respectively. Main compound in bark was epicatechin-3-O-sulphate and isolation of compound was performed to confirm its identity. Bark extract contained catechins, procyanidins, gallic acid derivatives and the sulfur containing spiroketal named breynins. Aerial parts mostly contained flavonoid glycosides. Considering the bioassays, the methanolic bark extract resulted a potent tyrosinase (152.79 ± 0.27 mg kojic acid equivalent/g), α-amylase (0.99 ± 0.01 mmol acarbose equivalent ACAE/g) and α-glucosidase (2.16 ± 0.01 mmol ACAE/g) inhibitor. In conclusion, methanol is able to extract the efficiently the phytoconstituents of B. retusa and the bark is the most valuable source of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.F.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (K.I.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Irene Ferrarese
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Stefania Sut
- DAFNAE, Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, Agripolis Campus, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Kouadio Bene
- Laboratoire de Botanique et Phytothérapie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences de la Nature, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Université Nangui Abrogoua, CI-YM. IV98 Abidjan, Ivory Cost;
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, 80832 Réduit, Mauritius;
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.F.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Nabeelah Bibi Sadeer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, 80832 Réduit, Mauritius;
| | - Gunes Ak
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (K.I.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (K.I.S.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (M.F.M.); (G.Z.)
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