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Deng J, Pan T, Liu Z, McCarthy C, Vicencio JM, Cao L, Alfano G, Suwaidan AA, Yin M, Beatson R, Ng T. The role of TXNIP in cancer: a fine balance between redox, metabolic, and immunological tumor control. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1877-1892. [PMID: 37794178 PMCID: PMC10703902 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is commonly considered a master regulator of cellular oxidation, regulating the expression and function of Thioredoxin (Trx). Recent work has identified that TXNIP has a far wider range of additional roles: from regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, to cell cycle arrest and inflammation. Its expression is increased by stressors commonly found in neoplastic cells and the wider tumor microenvironment (TME), and, as such, TXNIP has been extensively studied in cancers. In this review, we evaluate the current literature regarding the regulation and the function of TXNIP, highlighting its emerging role in modulating signaling between different cell types within the TME. We then assess current and future translational opportunities and the associated challenges in this area. An improved understanding of the functions and mechanisms of TXNIP in cancers may enhance its suitability as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Deng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Clinical Pathology Center (CPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Pan
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caitlin McCarthy
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jose M Vicencio
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lulu Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital and Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Giovanna Alfano
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ali Abdulnabi Suwaidan
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Clinical Pathology Center (CPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Beatson
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), Rayne 9 Building, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK City of London Centre, London, UK.
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Cantu A, Gutierrez MC, Dong X, Leek C, Anguera M, Lingappan K. Modulation of recovery from neonatal hyperoxic lung injury by sex as a biological variable. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102933. [PMID: 38661305 PMCID: PMC10628633 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recovery from lung injury during the neonatal period requires the orchestration of many biological pathways. The modulation of such pathways can drive the developing lung towards proper repair or persistent maldevelopment that can lead to a disease phenotype. Sex as a biological variable can regulate these pathways differently in the male and female lung exposed to neonatal hyperoxia. In this study, we assessed the contribution of cellular diversity in the male and female neonatal lung following injury. Our objective was to investigate sex and cell-type specific transcriptional changes that drive repair or persistent injury in the neonatal lung and delineate the alterations in the immune-endothelial cell communication networks using single cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) in a murine model of hyperoxic injury. We generated transcriptional profiles of >55,000 cells isolated from the lungs of postnatal day 1 (PND 1; pre-exposure), PND 7, and PND 21neonatal male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to 95 % FiO2 between PND 1-5 (saccular stage of lung development). We show the presence of sex-based differences in the transcriptional states of lung endothelial and immune cells at PND 1 and PND 21. Furthermore, we demonstrate that biological sex significantly influences the response to injury, with a greater number of differentially expressed genes showing sex-specific patterns than those shared between male and female lungs. Pseudotime trajectory analysis highlighted genes needed for lung development that were altered by hyperoxia. Finally, we show intercellular communication between endothelial and immune cells at saccular and alveolar stages of lung development with sex-based biases in the crosstalk and identify novel ligand-receptor pairs. Our findings provide valuable insights into the cell diversity, transcriptional state, developmental trajectory, and cell-cell communication underlying neonatal lung injury, with implications for understanding lung development and possible therapeutic interventions while highlighting the crucial role of sex as a biological variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiud Cantu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Connor Leek
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Montserrat Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Cantu A, Gutierrez MC, Dong X, Leek C, Anguera M, Lingappan K. Modulation of Recovery from Neonatal Hyperoxic Lung Injury by Sex as a Biological Variable. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.09.552532. [PMID: 37609288 PMCID: PMC10441379 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.09.552532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Recovery from lung injury during the neonatal period requires the orchestration of many biological pathways. The modulation of such pathways can drive the developing lung towards proper repair or persistent maldevelopment that can lead to a disease phenotype. Sex as a biological variable can regulate these pathways differently in the male and female lung exposed to neonatal hyperoxia. In this study, we assessed the contribution of cellular diversity in the male and female neonatal lung following injury. Our objective was to investigate sex and cell-type specific transcriptional changes that drive repair or persistent injury in the neonatal lung and delineate the alterations in the immune-endothelial cell communication networks using single cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) in a murine model of hyperoxic injury. We generated transcriptional profiles of >55,000 cells isolated from the lungs of postnatal day 1 (PND 1) and postnatal day 21 (PND 21) neonatal male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to 95% FiO 2 between PND 1-5 (saccular stage of lung development). We show the presence of sex-based differences in the transcriptional states of lung endothelial and immune cells at PND 1 and PND 21. Furthermore, we demonstrate that biological sex significantly influences the response to injury, with a greater number of differentially expressed genes showing sex-specific patterns than those shared between male and female lungs. Pseudotime trajectory analysis highlighted genes needed for lung development that were altered by hyperoxia. Finally, we show intercellular communication between endothelial and immune cells at saccular and alveolar stages of lung development with sex-based biases in the crosstalk and identify novel ligand-receptor pairs. Our findings provide valuable insights into the cell diversity, transcriptional state, developmental trajectory, and cell-cell communication underlying neonatal lung injury, with implications for understanding lung development and possible therapeutic interventions while highlighting the crucial role of sex as a biological variable.
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4
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Jia J, Xu G, Zhu D, Liu H, Zeng X, Li L. Advances in the Functions of Thioredoxin System in Central Nervous System Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:425-441. [PMID: 35761787 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The thioredoxin system comprises thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, besides an endogenous Trx inhibitor, the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). The Trx system plays critical roles in maintaining the redox homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS), in which oxidative stress damage is prone to occurrence due to its high-energy demand. Recent Advances: Increasing studies have demonstrated that the expression or activity of Trx/TrxR is usually decreased and that TXNIP expression is increased in patients with CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and depression, as well as in their cellular and animal models. The compromise of Trx/TrxR enhances the susceptibility of neurons to related pathological state. Increased TXNIP not only enhances the inhibition of Trx activity, but also activates the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, resulting in neuroinflammation in the brain. Critical Issues: In this review, we highlight the sources of oxidative stress in the CNS. The expression and function of the Trx system are summarized in different CNS diseases. This review also mentions that some inducers of Trx show neuroprotection in CNS diseases. Future Directions: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the important roles of the Trx system in CNS diseases, suggesting that the Trx system may be a promising therapeutic target for CNS diseases. Further study should aim to develop the most effective inducers of Trx and specific inhibitors of TXNIP and to apply them in the clinical trials for the treatment of CNS diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 425-441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Forensic and Pathology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Xin'an International Hospital, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Li Li
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
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Dagdeviren S, Lee RT, Wu N. Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles of Thioredoxin Interacting Protein: A Perspective on Redox Inflammation and Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:442-460. [PMID: 35754346 PMCID: PMC9968628 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is a member of the arrestin fold superfamily with important cellular functions, including cellular transport, mitochondrial energy generation, and protein cycling. It is the only arrestin-domain protein known to covalently bind to thioredoxin and plays roles in glucose metabolism, inflammation, apoptosis, and cancer. Recent Advances: The crystal structure of the TXNIP-thioredoxin complex provided details about this fascinating interaction. Recent studies showed that TXNIP is induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, activates NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, and can regulate glucose transport into cells. The tumor suppressor role of TXNIP in various cancer types and the role of TXNIP in fructose absorption are now described. Critical Issues: The influence of TXNIP on redox state is more complex than its interaction with thioredoxin. Future Directions: It is incompletely understood which functions of TXNIP are thioredoxin-dependent. It is also unclear whether TXNIP binding can inhibit glucose transporters without endocytosis. TXNIP-regulated control of ER stress should also be investigated further. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 442-460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Dagdeviren
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ning Wu
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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Guo Q, Xin M, Lu Q, Feng D, Yang V, Peng LF, Whelan KA, Hu W, Wu S, Yang X, Wang H, Rothberg BS, Gamero AM, Gerhard GS, Gao B, Yang L. A novel NEDD4L-TXNIP-CHOP axis in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Theranostics 2023; 13:2210-2225. [PMID: 37153733 PMCID: PMC10157740 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide. There is a pressing clinical need to identify potential therapeutic targets for NASH treatment. Thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip) is a stress responsive gene that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of NASH, but its exact role is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the liver- and gene-specific role of Txnip and its upstream/downstream signaling in the pathogenesis of NASH. Methods and Results: Using four independent NASH mouse models, we found that TXNIP protein abnormally accumulated in NASH mouse livers. A decrease in E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L resulted in impaired TXNIP ubiquitination and its accumulation in the liver. TXNIP protein levels were positively correlated with that of CHOP, a major regulator of ER stress-mediated apoptosis, in NASH mouse liver. Moreover, gain- and loss-of-function studies showed that TXNIP increased protein not mRNA levels of Chop both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the C-terminus of TXNIP associated with the N-terminus of the α-helix domain of CHOP and decreased CHOP ubiquitination, thus increasing the stability of CHOP protein. Lastly, selective knockdown of Txnip by adenovirus-mediated shRNA (not targets Txnip antisense lncRNA) delivery in the livers of both young and aged NASH mice suppressed the expression of CHOP and its downstream apoptotic pathway, and ameliorated NASH by reducing hepatic apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Conclusions: Our study revealed a pathogenic role of hepatic TXNIP in NASH and identified a novel NEDD4L-TXNIP-CHOP axis in the pathogenesis of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mingyang Xin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qingchun Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vicky Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lee F. Peng
- Division of Hepatology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelly A. Whelan
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences/Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sheng Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences/Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences/Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences/Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brad S. Rothberg
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ana M. Gamero
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Glenn S. Gerhard
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- ✉ Corresponding author: Ling Yang, Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3440 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA. ; Phone: +1-215-707-3779
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Cantu A, Gutierrez MC, Dong X, Leek C, Sajti E, Lingappan K. Remarkable sex-specific differences at single-cell resolution in neonatal hyperoxic lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L5-L31. [PMID: 36283964 PMCID: PMC9799156 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00269.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to supraphysiological concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia) predisposes to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which is characterized by abnormal alveolarization and pulmonary vascular development, in preterm neonates. Neonatal hyperoxia exposure is used to recapitulate the phenotype of human BPD in murine models. Male sex is considered an independent predictor for the development of BPD, but the main mechanisms underlying sexually dimorphic outcomes are unknown. Our objective was to investigate sex-specific and cell-type specific transcriptional changes that drive injury in the neonatal lung exposed to hyperoxia at single-cell resolution and delineate the changes in cell-cell communication networks in the developing lung. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to generate transcriptional profiles of >35,000 cells isolated from the lungs of neonatal male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to 95% [Formula: see text] between PND1-5 (saccular stage of lung development) or normoxia and euthanized at PND7 (alveolar stage of lung development). ScRNAseq identified 22 cell clusters with distinct populations of endothelial, epithelial, mesenchymal, and immune cells. Our data identified that the distal lung vascular endothelium (composed of aerocytes and general capillary endothelial cells) is exquisitely sensitive to hyperoxia exposure with the emergence of an intermediate capillary endothelial population with both general capillaries (gCap) and aerocytes or alveolar capillaries (aCap) markers. We also identified a myeloid-derived suppressor cell population from the lung neutrophils. Sex-specific differences were evident in all lung cell subpopulations but were striking among the lung immune cells. Finally, we identified that the specific intercellular communication networks and the ligand-receptor pairs that are impacted by neonatal hyperoxia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiud Cantu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Manuel C Gutierrez
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Connor Leek
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eniko Sajti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, California
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Cheng F, Wang N. N-Lobe of TXNIP Is Critical in the Allosteric Regulation of NLRP3 via TXNIP Binding. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:893919. [PMID: 35721021 PMCID: PMC9201253 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.893919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic complexes that form in response to exogenous microbial invasions and endogenous damage signals. Among the known inflammasomes, the activation of the NACHT (NAIP, CIITA, HET-E, and TP1 domain), leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is also primarily related to neuroinflammation and nerve cell damage. Previous studies reported that under the stimulation of dangerous signals like reactive oxygen species (ROS), the overexpression and interaction of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) with NLRP3 may trigger the inflammatory response through the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. This inflammatory response is the pathophysiological basis of some neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. The activation of inflammasome and apoptosis caused by TXNIP are widespread in brain diseases. Previous report has suggested the TXNIP/NLRP3 interaction interface. However, the comprehensive model of the TXNIP/NLRP3 interaction is still unclear. In this study, molecular docking experiments based on the existing crystal model of NLRP3 were performed to investigate the binding of TXNIP and NLRP3. Three in silico models of the TXNIP/NLRP3 complex were selected, and molecular dynamics simulations evaluated the binding stability of the possible interaction between the two proteins. The results revealed that the E690, E693, and D745 residues in NLRP3 and the K212 and R238 residues in TXNIP play a critical role in the TXNIP/NLRP3 interaction. N-terminal of TXNIP is essential in promoting the conformational changes of NLRP3, although it does not directly bind to NLRP3. Our findings reveal the possible binding mechanism between TXNIP and NLRP3 and the associated allosteric regulation of NLRP3. The constructed models may also be useful for inhibitor development targeting the TXNIP/NLRP3 interaction during inflammasome activation via the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway.
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Wang J, Wang XJ, Zhang Y, Shi WJ, Lei ZD, Jiao XY. TXNIP knockout improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction by promoting angiogenesis and reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2022; 12:289-304. [PMID: 35800356 PMCID: PMC9253171 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-21-732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cause of death. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression increases after MI, and it exerts a negative regulatory effect on cardiac function after MI. Our study aimed to investigate the specific regulatory mechanism of TXNIP on angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI. METHODS The TXNIP gene knock-in (TXNIP-KI) and knock-out (TXNIP-KO) mice were generated, respectively. Eight-week-old male TXNIP-KO, TXNIP-KI, and wild type (WT) mice were subjected to MI by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay on the 4th post-surgery day. The expressions of TXNIP, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), p-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), cleaved caspase-3, and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression of TXNIP, HIF-1α, VEGF, prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) 1, and factor inhibiting HIF (FIH). In addition, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in each group were also measured. On day 7 after MI, the hearts of sacrificed animals were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to assess CD31 expression and determine the density of angiogenesis. One month after treatment, the cardiac functional and structural changes were determined by echocardiography and the level of myocardial fibrosis was observed by Masson staining. RESULTS Compared with WT mice, TXNIP-KO mice had a significantly improved cardiac functional recovery after MI, and the proportion of myocardial fibrosis area was dramatically reduced, cardiomyocyte apoptosis was decreased, and angiogenesis was significantly increased; TXNIP-KI mice reversed in these changes. The expression of HIF-1α, p-AKT, and p-AMPK increased after MI in TXNIP-KO mice, and the mRNA expression of PHD 1 and FIH decreased. TXNIP-KI mice reversed in these changes. CONCLUSIONS After MI, TXNIP down-regulated the level of HIF-1α and VEGF, reduced the number of angiogenesis, increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and ultimately led to a poor prognosis of ischemic myocardium. TXNIP was a protein with negative effects after MI and was expected to be a target for the prevention and treatment of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Foreign Languages, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Wen-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhan-Dong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Pan Y, Lu Y, Zhou JD, Wang CX, Wang JQ, Fukunaga A, Yodoi J, Tian H. Prospect of thioredoxin as a possibly effective tool to combat OSAHS. Sleep Breath 2022; 27:421-429. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mao CY, Zhang TT, Li DJ, Zhou E, Fan YQ, He Q, Wang CQ, Zhang JF. Extracellular vesicles from hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells alleviates myocardial injury by targeting thioredoxin-interacting protein-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:183-199. [PMID: 35432732 PMCID: PMC8963381 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i2.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from hypoxia-preconditioned (HP) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have better cardioprotective effects against myocardial infarction (MI) in the early stage than EVs isolated from normoxic (NC)-MSCs. However, the cardioprotective mechanisms of HP-EVs are not fully understood.
AIM To explore the cardioprotective mechanism of EVs derived from HP MSCs.
METHODS We evaluated the cardioprotective effects of HP-EVs or NC-EVs from mouse adipose-derived MSCs (ADSCs) following hypoxia in vitro or MI in vivo, in order to improve the survival of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and restore cardiac function. The degree of CM apoptosis in each group was assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling and Annexin V/PI assays. MicroRNA (miRNA) sequencing was used to investigate the functional RNA diversity between HP-EVs and NC-EVs from mouse ADSCs. The molecular mechanism of EVs in mediating thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were performed to determine if TXNIP is involved in hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) ubiquitination and degradation via the chromosomal region maintenance-1 (CRM-1)-dependent nuclear transport pathway.
RESULTS HP-EVs derived from MSCs reduced both infarct size (necrosis area) and apoptotic degree to a greater extent than NC-EVs from CMs subjected to hypoxia in vitro and mice with MI in vivo. Sequencing of EV-associated miRNAs showed the upregulation of 10 miRNAs predicted to bind TXNIP, an oxidative stress-associated protein. We showed miRNA224-5p, the most upregulated miRNA in HP-EVs, directly combined the 3’ untranslated region of TXNIP and demonstrated its critical protective role against hypoxia-mediated CM injury. Our results demonstrated that MI triggered TXNIP-mediated HIF-1α ubiquitination and degradation in the CRM-1-mediated nuclear transport pathway in CMs, which led to aggravated injury and hypoxia tolerance in CMs in the early stage of MI.
CONCLUSION The anti-apoptotic effects of HP-EVs in alleviating MI and the hypoxic conditions of CMs until reperfusion therapy may partly result from EV miR-224-5p targeting TXNIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200010, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200010, China
| | - Dong-Jiu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200010, China
| | - En Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200010, China
| | - Yu-Qi Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200010, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200010, China
| | - Chang-Qian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200010, China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200010, China
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12
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Malayeri A, Zakerkish M, Ramesh F, Galehdari H, Hemmati AA, Angali KA. The Effect of Verapamil on TXNIP Gene Expression, GLP1R mRNA, FBS, HbA1c, and Lipid Profile in T2DM Patients Receiving Metformin and Sitagliptin. Diabetes Ther 2021; 12:2701-2713. [PMID: 34480721 PMCID: PMC8418290 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-021-01145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common type of diabetes. A decrease in the number of pancreatic beta cells is a pathological sign of diabetes, and to date there is no drug treatment that targets damage to these cells. Pancreatic beta cells have a weak antioxidant system and are highly sensitive to oxidative stress reactions that occur within cells. Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) inhibits thioredoxin, which is part of the intracellular antioxidant system, thereby accelerating oxidative stress and apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells. Verapamil is a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. The efficacy of this drug to improve beta cell survival and glucose homeostasis by inhibiting TXNIP expression has been demonstrated in in vitro studies. Although several retrospective studies have shown a lower incidence of T2DM with verapamil treatment, no prospective intervention studies have determined the efficacy of this drug in patients with T2DM. METHODS The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral verapamil administration in T2DM patients. In this 90-day study, the effects of verapamil on fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), and the lipid profile were evaluated and compared with those of the placebo. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in HbA1c (about 0.5%) in the verapamil group at the end of the intervention period. The effects of verapamil on TXNIP gene expression and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) mRNA were compared with those of the placebo (at baseline, after 15 and 30 days, and at the end of the study). During the first month of the study, decreased TXNIP gene expression and increased GLP1R mRNA were associated with the administration of verapamil when compared with the placebo, although the differences were not significant. CONCLUSION Verapamil can lead to better control of T2DM by reducing TXNIP gene expression and increasing beta cell survival and, possibly, by other mechanisms. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT registration no.: IRCT20180417039339N1 ( https://www.IRCT.ir ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Malayeri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Zakerkish
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Farrokh Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Hemmati
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kambiz A Angali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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13
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Cao X, He W, Pang Y, Cao Y, Qin A. Redox-dependent and independent effects of thioredoxin interacting protein. Biol Chem 2021; 401:1215-1231. [PMID: 32845855 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is an important physiological inhibitor of the thioredoxin (TXN) redox system in cells. Regulation of TXNIP expression and/or activity not only plays an important role in redox regulation but also exerts redox-independent physiological effects that exhibit direct pathophysiological consequences including elevated inflammatory response, aberrant glucose metabolism, cellular senescence and apoptosis, cellular immunity, and tumorigenesis. This review provides a brief overview of the current knowledge concerning the redox-dependent and independent roles of TXNIP and its relevance to various disease states. The implications for the therapeutic targeting of TXNIP will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankun Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011,People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011,People's Republic of China
| | - Yichuan Pang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011,People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011,People's Republic of China
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011,People's Republic of China
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14
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Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) with Focus on Brain and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249357. [PMID: 33302545 PMCID: PMC7764580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic approaches to diseases relies on the identification of key molecular targets involved in amplifying disease processes. One such molecule is thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), also designated thioredoxin-binding protein-2 (TBP-2), a member of the α-arrestin family of proteins and a central regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, involved in diabetes-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. TXNIP sequesters reduced thioredoxin (TRX), inhibiting its function, resulting in increased oxidative stress. Many different cellular stress factors regulate TXNIP expression, including high glucose, endoplasmic reticulum stress, free radicals, hypoxia, nitric oxide, insulin, and adenosine-containing molecules. TXNIP is also directly involved in inflammatory activation through its interaction with the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, and pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease have significant pathologies associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunctions. In addition, as dysfunctions in glucose and cellular metabolism have been associated with such brain diseases, a role for TXNIP in neurodegeneration has actively been investigated. In this review, we will focus on the current state of the understanding of possible normal and pathological functions of TXNIP in the central nervous system from studies of in vitro neural cells and the brains of humans and experimental animals with reference to other studies. As TXNIP can be expressed by neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells, a complex pattern of regulation and function in the brain is suggested. We will examine data suggesting TXNIP as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases where further research is needed.
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15
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TXNIP/TBP-2: A Master Regulator for Glucose Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080765. [PMID: 32824669 PMCID: PMC7464905 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of thioredoxin binding protein-2 (TBP-2), which is currently known as thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), as an important binding partner for thioredoxin (TRX) revealed that an evolutionarily conserved reduction-oxidation (redox) signal complex plays an important role for pathophysiology. Due to the reducing activity of TRX, the TRX/TXNIP signal complex has been shown to be an important regulator for redox-related signal transduction in many types of cells in various species. In addition to its role in redox-dependent regulation, TXNIP has cellular functions that are performed in a redox-independent manner, which largely rely on their scaffolding function as an ancestral α-Arrestin family. Both the redox-dependent and -independent TXNIP functions serve as regulatory pathways in glucose metabolism. This review highlights the key advances in understanding TXNIP function as a master regulator for whole-body glucose homeostasis. The potential for therapeutic advantages of targeting TXNIP in diabetes and the future direction of the study are also discussed.
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16
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Ismael S, Nasoohi S, Yoo A, Ahmed HA, Ishrat T. Tissue Plasminogen Activator Promotes TXNIP-NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation after Hyperglycemic Stroke in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2495-2508. [PMID: 32172516 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia has been shown to counterbalance the beneficial effects of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in ischemic stroke. Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) mediates hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the brain and reduces cerebral glucose uptake/utilization. We have recently reported that TXNIP-induced NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3) inflammasome activation contributes to neuronal damage after ischemic stroke. Here, we tested the hypothesis that tPA induces TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome activation after ischemic stroke, in hyperglycemic mice. Acute hyperglycemia was induced in mice by intraperitoneal (IP) administration of a 20% glucose solution. This was followed by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO), with or without intravenous (IV) tPA administered at reperfusion. The IV-tPA exacerbated hyperglycemia-induced neurological deficits, ipsilateral edema and hemorrhagic transformation, and accentuated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) upregulation and TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation after ischemic stroke. Higher expression of TXNIP in hyperglycemic t-MCAO animals augmented glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) downregulation and increased vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression/matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) signaling, all of which result in blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and increased permeability to endogenous immunoglobulin G (IgG). It was also associated with a discernible buildup of nitrotyrosine and accumulation of dysfunctional tight junction proteins: zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin and claudin-5. Moreover, tPA administration triggered activation of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB-1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in the ischemic penumbra of hyperglycemic animals. All of these observations suggest a powerful role for TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the tPA-induced toxicity seen with hyperglycemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifudeen Ismael
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Sanaz Nasoohi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arum Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Heba A Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. .,Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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17
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Targeting endothelial thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) protects from metabolic disorder-related impairment of vascular function and post-ischemic revascularisation. Angiogenesis 2020; 23:249-264. [PMID: 31900750 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is involved in a variety of biological functions, the contribution of endothelial TXNIP has not been well-defined in regards to endothelial and vascular function or in post-ischemic revascularisation. We postulated that inhibition of endothelial TXNIP with siRNA or in a Cre-LoxP system could be involved in protection from high fat, high protein, low carbohydrate (HFHPLC) diet-induced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, leading to vascular damage and impaired revascularisation in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the role of endothelial TXNIP, the TXNIP gene was deleted in endothelial cells using anti-TXNIP siRNA treatment or the Cre-LoxP system. Murine models were fed a HFHPLC diet, known to induce metabolic disorders. Endothelial TXNIP targeting resulted in protection against metabolic disorder-related endothelial oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. This protective effect mitigates media cell loss induced by metabolic disorders and hampered metabolic disorder-related vascular dysfunction assessed by aortic reactivity and distensibility. In aortic ring cultures, metabolic disorders impaired vessel sprouting and this alteration was alleviated by deletion of endothelial TXNIP. When subjected to ischemia, mice fed a HFHPLC diet exhibited defective post-ischemic angiogenesis and impaired blood flow recovery in hind limb ischemia. However, reducing endothelial TXNIP rescued metabolic disorder-related impairment of ischemia-induced revascularisation. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results show that targeting endothelial TXNIP in metabolic disorders is essential to maintaining endothelial function, vascular function and improving ischemia-induced revascularisation, making TXNIP a potential therapeutic target for therapy of vascular complications related to metabolic disorders.
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18
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Nasoohi S, Parveen K, Ishrat T. Metabolic Syndrome, Brain Insulin Resistance, and Alzheimer's Disease: Thioredoxin Interacting Protein (TXNIP) and Inflammasome as Core Amplifiers. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:857-885. [PMID: 30372683 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Empirical evidence indicates a strong association between insulin resistance and pathological alterations related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in different cerebral regions. While cerebral insulin resistance is not essentially parallel with systemic metabolic derangements, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been established as a risk factor for AD. The circulating "toxic metabolites" emerging in metabolic syndrome may engage several biochemical pathways to promote oxidative stress and neuroinflammation leading to impair insulin function in the brain or "type 3 diabetes". Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) as an intracellular amplifier of oxidative stress and inflammasome activation may presumably mediate central insulin resistance. Emerging data including those from our recent studies has demonstrated a sharp TXNIP upregulation in stroke, aging and AD and well underlining the significance of this hypothesis. With the main interest to illustrate TXNIP place in type 3 diabetes, the present review primarily briefs the potential mechanisms contributing to cerebral insulin resistance in a metabolically deranged environment. Then with a particular focus on plausible TXNIP functions to drive and associate with AD pathology, we present the most recent evidence supporting TXNIP as a promising therapeutic target in AD as an age-associated dementia.
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19
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Dafre AL, Schmitz AE, Maher P. Rapid and persistent loss of TXNIP in HT22 neuronal cells under carbonyl and hyperosmotic stress. Neurochem Int 2019; 132:104585. [PMID: 31678323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) binds to thioredoxin thereby limiting its activity, but it also promotes internalization of glucose transporters, participates in inflammasome activation, and controls autophagy. Published data and this work demonstrate that TXNIP responds to a number of apparently unrelated stresses, such as serum deprivation, pH change, and oxidative, osmotic and carbonyl stress. Interestingly, we noticed that hyperosmotic (NaCl) and carbonyl (methylglyoxal, MGO) stresses in HT22 neuronal cells produced a rapid loss of TXNIP (half-life ∼12 min), prompting us to search for possible mechanisms controlling this TXNIP loss, including pH change, serum deprivation, calcium metabolism and inhibition of the proteasome and other proteases, autophagy and MAPKs. None of these routes stopped the TXNIP loss induced by hyperosmotic and carbonyl stress. Besides transcriptional, translational and microRNA regulation, there is evidence indicating that mTOR and AMPK also control TXNIP expression. Indeed, AMPK-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts failed to respond to phenformin (AMPK activator) and compound C (AMPK inhibitor), while rapamycin induced a marked increase in TXNIP levels, confirming the known AMPK/mTOR control over TXNIP. However, the TXNIP loss induced by NaCl or MGO were observed even in AMPK deficient MEFs or after mTOR inhibition, indicating AMPK/mTOR does not participate in this rapid TXNIP loss. These results suggest that rapid TXNIP loss is a general and immediate response to stress that can improve energy availability and antioxidant protection, eventually culminating in better cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alcir Luiz Dafre
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Ariana Ern Schmitz
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, CA, 92037, La Jolla, United States.
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20
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Yuan J, Tan JTM, Rajamani K, Solly EL, King EJ, Lecce L, Simpson PJL, Lam YT, Jenkins AJ, Bursill CA, Keech AC, Ng MKC. Fenofibrate Rescues Diabetes-Related Impairment of Ischemia-Mediated Angiogenesis by PPARα-Independent Modulation of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein. Diabetes 2019; 68:1040-1053. [PMID: 30765336 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, reduces lower limb amputations in patients with type 2 diabetes. The mechanism is, however, unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that fenofibrate markedly attenuates diabetes-related impairment of ischemia-mediated angiogenesis. In a murine model of hindlimb ischemia, daily oral fenofibrate treatment restored diabetes-impaired blood flow recovery, foot movement, hindlimb capillary density, vessel diameter, and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling to nondiabetic levels in both wild-type and PPARα-knockout mice, indicating that these fenofibrate effects are largely PPARα independent. In vitro, fenofibric acid (FFA) rescued high glucose-induced (25 mmol/L) impairment of endothelial cell migration, tubulogenesis, and survival in a PPARα-independent manner. Interestingly, fenofibrate in vivo and FFA in vitro reversed high glucose-induced expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an exquisitely glucose-inducible gene previously identified as a critical mediator of diabetes-related impairment in neovascularization. Conversely, adenoviral overexpression of TXNIP abrogated the restorative effects of FFA on high glucose-impaired endothelial cell function in vitro, indicating that the effects of FFA are mediated by TXNIP. We conclude that fenofibrate rescues diabetic impairment in ischemia-mediated angiogenesis, in large part, by PPARα-independent regulation of TXNIP. These findings may therefore explain the reduction in amputations seen in patients with diabetes treated with fenofibrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yuan
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanne T M Tan
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kushwin Rajamani
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma L Solly
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily J King
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura Lecce
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Yuen Ting Lam
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christina A Bursill
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony C Keech
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Cardiology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin K C Ng
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cardiology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Zhong L, Liu Q, Ting YS, Thien VY, Binti Kalong NS, Yang D, Wang MW. Adenine derivatives invert high glucose-induced thioredoxin-interacting protein overexpression. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1998-2008. [PMID: 30043441 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and β-cell apoptosis. We have previously shown that W2476 inhibited high glucose-induced TXNIP expression at both mRNA and protein levels in INS-1E cells. In this study, we describe structural modification and optimization of W2476 leading to three more active derivatives, 8d, 8g, and 9h, capable of suppressing TXNIP expression in BG73 and INS-1E cells, increasing insulin production, and reducing high glucose-induced apoptosis in INS-1E cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhong
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Sie Ting
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Vun Yien Thien
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Dehua Yang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Alhawiti NM, Al Mahri S, Aziz MA, Malik SS, Mohammad S. TXNIP in Metabolic Regulation: Physiological Role and Therapeutic Outlook. Curr Drug Targets 2018; 18:1095-1103. [PMID: 28137209 PMCID: PMC5543564 DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170130145514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) also known as thioredoxin binding protein-2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein that interacts and negatively regulates expression and function of Thioredoxin (TXN). Over the last few years, TXNIP has attracted considerable attention due to its wide-ranging functions impacting several aspects of energy metabolism. TXNIP acts as an important regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism through pleiotropic actions including regulation of β-cell function, hepatic glucose production, peripheral glucose uptake, adipogenesis, and substrate utilization. Overexpression of TXNIP in animal models has been shown to induce apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells, reduce insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues like skeletal muscle and adipose, and decrease energy expenditure. On the contrary, TXNIP deficient animals are protected from diet induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Summary: Consequently, targeting TXNIP is thought to offer novel therapeutic opportunity and TXNIP inhibitors have the potential to become a powerful therapeutic tool for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Here we summarize the current state of our understanding of TXNIP biology, highlight its role in metabolic regulation and raise critical questions that could help future research to exploit TXNIP as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Mohammad Alhawiti
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Al Mahri
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Aziz
- Colorectal Cancer Research Program, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuja Shafi Malik
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Mohammad
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kumar A, Mittal R. Mapping Txnip: Key connexions in progression of diabetic nephropathy. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:614-622. [PMID: 29684849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies demonstrates the major involvement of inflammatory and apoptotic pathway in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. The cross talk between inflammatory and apoptotic pathway suggests Txnip as a molecular connexion in progression of disease state. Txnip modulates inflammatory pathway (via ROS production and NLRP3 inflammasome activity) and apoptotic pathway (via mTOR pathway). The key contribution of Txnip in both the pathways, reflects, its crucial role in diabetic nephropathy. In the present review, we have first provided an overview of diabetic nephropathy and Txnip system, followed by the mechanistic insight of Txnip in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. This new mechanistic approach suggests to explore Txnip modulators as a promising therapeutic drug target in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Ruchika Mittal
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Li Q, Wall SB, Ren C, Velten M, Hill CL, Locy ML, Rogers LK, Tipple TE. Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibition Attenuates Neonatal Hyperoxic Lung Injury and Enhances Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2 Activation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:419-28. [PMID: 27089175 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0228oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen toxicity and antioxidant deficiencies contribute to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Aurothioglucose (ATG) and auranofin potently inhibit thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1), and TrxR1 disruption activates nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a regulator of endogenous antioxidant responses. We have shown previously that ATG safely and effectively prevents lung injury in adult murine models, likely via Nrf2-dependent mechanisms. The current studies tested the hypothesis that ATG would attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung developmental deficits in newborn mice. Newborn C3H/HeN mice were treated with a single dose of ATG or saline within 12 hours of birth and were exposed to either room air or hyperoxia (85% O2). In hyperoxia, ATG potently inhibited TrxR1 activity in newborn murine lungs, attenuated decreases in body weight, increased the transcription of Nrf2-regulated genes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase 1, and attenuated alterations in alveolar development. To determine the impact of TrxR1 inhibition on Nrf2 activation in vitro, murine alveolar epithelial-12 cells were treated with auranofin, which inhibited TrxR1 activity, enhanced Nrf2 nuclear levels, and increased NQO1 and heme oxygenase 1 transcription. Our novel data indicate that a single injection of the TrxR1 inhibitor ATG attenuates hyperoxia-induced alterations in alveolar development in newborn mice. Furthermore, our data support a model in which the effects of ATG treatment likely involve Nrf2 activation, which is consistent with our findings in other lung injury models. We conclude that TrxR1 represents a novel therapeutic target to prevent oxygen-mediated neonatal lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- 1 Neonatal Redox Biology Laboratory.,2 Division of Neonatology, and
| | - Stephanie B Wall
- 1 Neonatal Redox Biology Laboratory.,2 Division of Neonatology, and
| | | | - Markus Velten
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, University Medical Center, Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Cynthia L Hill
- 4 Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Morgan L Locy
- 5 Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lynette K Rogers
- 4 Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Trent E Tipple
- 1 Neonatal Redox Biology Laboratory.,2 Division of Neonatology, and
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Deletion of TXNIP Mitigates High-Fat Diet-Impaired Angiogenesis and Prevents Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Critical Limb Ischemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6030047. [PMID: 28661427 PMCID: PMC5618075 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous work demonstrated that high-fat diet (HFD) triggered thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and that silencing TXNIP prevents diabetes-impaired vascular recovery. Here, we examine the impact of genetic deletion of TXNIP on HFD-impaired vascular recovery using hind limb ischemia model. Methods: Wild type mice (WT, C57Bl/6) and TXNIP knockout mice (TKO) were fed either normal chow diet (WT-ND and TKO-ND) or 60% high-fat diet (WT-HFD and TKO-HFD). After four weeks of HFD, unilateral hind limb ischemia was performed and blood flow was measured using Laser doppler scanner at baseline and then weekly for an additional three weeks. Vascular density, nitrative stress, infiltration of CD68+ macrophages, and expression of inflammasome, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2 were examined by slot blot, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results: By week 8, HFD caused similar increases in weight, cholesterol and triglycerides in both WT and TKO. At week 4 and week 8, HFD significantly impaired glucose tolerance in WT and to a lesser extent in TKO. HFD significantly impaired blood flow and vascular density (CD31 labeled) in skeletal muscle of WT mice compared to ND but not in TKO. HFD and ischemia significantly induced tyrosine nitration, and systemic IL-1β and infiltration of CD68+ cells in skeletal muscle from WT but not from TKO. HFD significantly increased cleaved-caspase-1 and IL-1 β compared to ND. Under both ND, ischemia tended to increase VEGF expression and increased VEGFR2 activation in WT only but not TKO. Conclusion: Similar to prior observation in diabetes, HFD-induced obesity can compromise vascular recovery in response to ischemic insult. The mechanism involves increased TXNIP-NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome activation, nitrative stress and impaired VEGFR2 activation. Deletion of TXNIP restored blood flow, reduced nitrative stress and blunted inflammasome-mediated inflammation; however, it did not impact VEGF/VEGFR2 in HFD. Targeting TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome can provide potential therapeutic target in obesity-induced vascular complication.
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Noguchi C, Kamitori K, Hossain A, Hoshikawa H, Katagi A, Dong Y, Sui L, Tokuda M, Yamaguchi F. D-Allose Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth by Reducing GLUT1 Expression. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 238:131-41. [PMID: 26829886 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.238.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is a major energy source for mammalian cells and is transported into cells via cell-specific expression of various glucose transporters (GLUTs). Especially, cancer cells require massive amounts of glucose as an energy source for their dysregulated growth and thus over-express GLUTs. d-allose, a C-3 epimer of d-glucose, is one of rare sugars that exist in small quantities in nature. We have shown that d-allose induces the tumor suppressor gene coding for thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) and inhibits cancer cell growth by G1 cell cycle arrest. It has also been reported that GLUTs including GLUT1 are over-expressed in many cancer cell lines, which may contribute to larger glucose utilization. Since d-allose suppresses the growth of cancer cells through the upregulation of TXNIP expression, our present study focused on whether d-allose down-regulates GLUT1 expression via TXNIP expression and thus suppresses cancer cell growth. Western blot and real-time PCR analyses revealed that d-allose significantly induced TXNIP expression and inhibited GLUT1 expression in a dose-dependent manner in three human cancer cell lines: hepatocellular carcinoma (HuH-7), Caucasian breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231), and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y). In these cell lines, d-allose treatment inhibited cell growth. Importantly, d-allose treatment decreased glucose uptake, as measured by the uptake of 2-deoxy d-glucose. Moreover, the reporter assays showed that d-allose decreased the expression of luciferase through the hypoxia response element present in the tested promoter region. These results suggest that d-allose may cause the inhibition of cancer growth by reducing both GLUT1 expression and glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Noguchi
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University
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27
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Ali M, Heyob K, Jacob NK, Rogers LK. Alterative Expression and Localization of Profilin 1/VASPpS157 and Cofilin 1/VASPpS239 Regulates Metastatic Growth and Is Modified by DHA Supplementation. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2220-31. [PMID: 27496138 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Profilin 1, cofilin 1, and vasodialator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) are actin-binding proteins (ABP) that regulate actin remodeling and facilitate cancer cell metastases. miR-17-92 is highly expressed in metastatic tumors and profilin1 and cofilin1 are predicted targets. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) inhibits cancer cell proliferation and adhesion. These studies tested the hypothesis that the metastatic phenotype is driven by changes in ABPs including alternative phosphorylation and/or changes in subcellular localization. In addition, we tested the efficacy of DHA supplementation to attenuate or inhibit these changes. Human lung cancer tissue sections were analyzed for F-actin content and expression and cellular localization of profilin1, cofilin1, and VASP (S157 or S239 phosphorylation). The metastatic phenotype was investigated in A549 and MLE12 cells lines using 8 Br-cAMP as a metastasis inducer and DHA as a therapeutic agent. Migration was assessed by wound assay and expression measured by Western blot and confocal analysis. miR-17-92 expression was measured by qRT-PCR. Results indicated increased expression and altered cellular distribution of profilin1/VASP(pS157), but no changes in cofilin1/VASP(pS239) in the human malignant tissues compared with normal tissues. In A549 and MLE12 cells, the expression patterns of profilin1/VASP(pS157) or cofilin1/VASP(pS239) suggested an interaction in regulation of actin dynamics. Furthermore, DHA inhibited cancer cell migration and viability, ABP expression and cellular localization, and modulated expression of miR-17-92 in A549 cells with minimal effects in MLE12 cells. Further investigations are warranted to understand ABP interactions, changes in cellular localization, regulation by miR-17-92, and DHA as a novel therapeutic. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2220-31. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Ali
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Kathryn Heyob
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Lynette K Rogers
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Ali M, Heyob K, Rogers LK. DHA-mediated regulation of lung cancer cell migration is not directly associated with Gelsolin or Vimentin expression. Life Sci 2016; 155:1-9. [PMID: 27157519 PMCID: PMC4900460 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Deaths associated with cancer metastasis have steadily increased making the need for newer, anti-metastatic therapeutics imparative. Gelsolin and vimentin, actin binding proteins expressed in metastatic tumors, participate in actin remodelling and regulate cell migration. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) limits cancer cell proliferation and adhesion but the mechanisms involved in reducing metastatic phenotypes are unknown. We aimed to investigate the effects of DHA on gelsolin and vimentin expression, and ultimately cell migration and proliferation, in this context. MAIN METHODS Non-invasive lung epithelial cells (MLE12) and invasive lung cancer cells (A549) were treated with DHA (30μmol/ml) or/and 8 bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8 Br-cAMP) (300μmol/ml) for 6 or 24h either before (pre-treatment) or after (post-treatment) plating in transwells. Migration was assessed by the number of cells that progressed through the transwell. Gelsolin and vimentin expression were measured by Western blot and confocal microscopy in cells, and by immunohistochemistry in human lung cancer biopsy samples. KEY FINDINGS A significant decrease in cell migration was detected for A549 cells treated with DHA verses control but this same decrease was not seen in MLE12 cells. DHA and 8 Br-cAMP altered gelsolin and vimentin expression but no clear pattern of change was observed. Immunofluorescence staining indicated slightly higher vimentin expression in human lung tissue that was malignant compared to control. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, our data indicate that DHA inhibits cancer cell migration and further suggests that vimentin and gelsolin may play secondary roles in cancer cell migration and proliferation, but are not the primary regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Ali
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Kathryn Heyob
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lynette K Rogers
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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DHA Suppresses Primary Macrophage Inflammatory Responses via Notch 1/ Jagged 1 Signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22276. [PMID: 26940787 PMCID: PMC4778022 DOI: 10.1038/srep22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent macrophages were observed in the lungs of murine offspring exposed to maternal LPS and neonatal hyperoxia. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation prevented the accumulation of macrophages and improved lung development. We hypothesized that these macrophages are responsible for pathologies observed in this model and the effects of DHA supplementation. Primary macrophages were isolated from adult mice fed standard chow, control diets, or DHA supplemented diets. Macrophages were exposed to hyperoxia (O2) for 24 h and LPS for 6 h or 24 h. Our data demonstrate significant attenuation of Notch 1 and Jagged 1 protein levels in response to DHA supplementation in vivo but similar results were not evident in macrophages isolated from mice fed standard chow and supplemented with DHA in vitro. Co-culture of activated macrophages with MLE12 epithelial cells resulted in the release of high mobility group box 1 and leukotriene B4 from the epithelial cells and this release was attenuated by DHA supplementation. Collectively, our data indicate that long term supplementation with DHA as observed in vivo, resulted in deceased Notch 1/Jagged 1 protein expression however, DHA supplementation in vitro was sufficient to suppress release LTB4 and to protect epithelial cells in co-culture.
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30
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Chong CR, Chan WPA, Nguyen TH, Liu S, Procter NEK, Ngo DT, Sverdlov AL, Chirkov YY, Horowitz JD. Thioredoxin-interacting protein: pathophysiology and emerging pharmacotherapeutics in cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2015; 28:347-60. [PMID: 25088927 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The thioredoxin system, which consists of thioredoxin (Trx), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), has emerged as a major anti-oxidant involved in the maintenance of cellular physiology and survival. Dysregulation in this system has been associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, and malignant disorders. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), also known as vitamin D-upregulated protein or thioredoxin-binding-protein-2, functions as a physiological inhibitor of Trx, and pathological suppression of Trx by TXNIP has been demonstrated in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, TXNIP effects are partially Trx-independent; these include direct activation of inflammation and inhibition of glucose uptake. Many of the effects of TXNIP are initiated by its dissociation from intra-nuclear binding with Trx or other SH-containing proteins: these effects include its migration to cytoplasm, modulating stress responses in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, and also potentially activating apoptotic pathways. TXNIP also interacts with the nitric oxide (NO) signaling system, with apparent suppression of NO effect. TXNIP production is modulated by redox stress, glucose levels, hypoxia and several inflammatory activators. In recent studies, it has been shown that therapeutic agents including insulin, metformin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers reduce TXNIP expression, although it is uncertain to what extent TXNIP suppression contributes to their clinical efficacy. This review addresses the role of TXNIP in health and in cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Finally, the potential advantages (and disadvantages) of pharmacological suppression of TXNIP in cardiovascular disease and diabetes are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cher-Rin Chong
- Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Fetal lung development takes place in hypoxia meaning that premature birth is hyperoxia for the prematurely born infant. The most common respiratory morbidity afflicting premature infants is bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Pathophysiologically, BPD represents the impact of injury, including O2 toxicity, to the immature developing lung that causes arrested lung development. RECENT ADVANCES The thioredoxin (Trx) system, which is predominantly expressed in pulmonary epithelia in the newborn lung, acts as an antioxidant system; however, it is increasingly recognized as a key redox regulator of signal transduction and gene expression via thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. CRITICAL ISSUES This review focuses on the contribution of Trx family proteins toward normal and aberrant lung development, in particular, the roles of the Trx system in hyperoxic responses of alveolar epithelial cells, aberrant lung development in animal models of BPD, O2-dependent signaling processes, and possible therapeutic efficacy in preventing O2-mediated lung injury. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The significant contribution of the Trx system toward redox regulation of key developmental pathways necessary for proper lung development suggests that therapeutic strategies focused on preserving pulmonary Trx function could significantly improve the outcomes of prematurely born human infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent E Tipple
- 1 Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio
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32
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Wedgwood S, Steinhorn RH. Role of reactive oxygen species in neonatal pulmonary vascular disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1926-42. [PMID: 24350610 PMCID: PMC4202910 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Abnormal lung development in the perinatal period can result in severe neonatal complications, including persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH) of the newborn and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a substantive role in the development of PH associated with these diseases. ROS impair the normal pulmonary artery (PA) relaxation in response to vasodilators, and ROS are also implicated in pulmonary arterial remodeling, both of which can increase the severity of PH. RECENT ADVANCES PA ROS levels are elevated when endogenous ROS-generating enzymes are activated and/or when endogenous ROS scavengers are inactivated. Animal models have provided valuable insights into ROS generators and scavengers that are dysregulated in different forms of neonatal PH, thus identifying potential therapeutic targets. CRITICAL ISSUES General antioxidant therapy has proved ineffective in reversing PH, suggesting that it is necessary to target specific signaling pathways for successful therapy. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Development of novel selective pharmacologic inhibitors along with nonantioxidant therapies may improve the treatment outcomes of patients with PH, while further investigation of the underlying mechanisms may enable earlier detection of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Wedgwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California
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Floen MJ, Forred BJ, Bloom EJ, Vitiello PF. Thioredoxin-1 redox signaling regulates cell survival in response to hyperoxia. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 75:167-77. [PMID: 25106706 PMCID: PMC4174305 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The most common form of newborn chronic lung disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), is thought to be caused by oxidative disruption of lung morphogenesis, which results in decreased pulmonary vasculature and alveolar simplification. Although cellular redox status is known to regulate cellular proliferation and differentiation, redox-sensitive pathways associated with these processes in developing pulmonary epithelium are unknown. Redox-sensitive pathways are commonly regulated by cysteine thiol modifications. Therefore two thiol oxidoreductase systems, thioredoxin and glutathione, were chosen to elucidate the roles of these pathways on cell death. Studies herein indicate that thiol oxidation contributes to cell death through impaired activity of glutathione-dependent and thioredoxin (Trx) systems and altered signaling through redox-sensitive pathways. Free thiol content decreased by 71% with hyperoxic (95% oxygen) exposure. Increased cell death was observed during oxygen exposure when either the Trx or the glutathione-dependent system was pharmacologically inhibited with aurothioglucose (ATG) or buthionine sulfoximine, respectively. However, inhibition of the Trx system yielded the smallest decrease in free thiol content (1.44% with ATG treatment vs 21.33% with BSO treatment). Although Trx1 protein levels were unchanged, Trx1 function was impaired during hyperoxic treatment as indicated by progressive cysteine oxidation. Overexpression of Trx1 in H1299 cells utilizing an inducible construct increased cell survival during hyperoxia, whereas siRNA knockdown of Trx1 during oxygen treatment reduced cell viability. Overall, this indicated that a comparatively small pool of proteins relies on Trx redox functions to mediate cell survival in hyperoxia, and the protective functions of Trx1 are progressively lost by its oxidative inhibition. To further elucidate the role of Trx1, potential Trx1 redox protein-protein interactions mediating cytoprotection and cell survival pathways were determined by utilizing a substrate trap (mass action trapping) proteomics approach. With this method, known Trx1 targets were detected, including peroxiredoxin-1as well as novel targets, including two HSP90 isoforms (HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1). Reactive cysteines within the structure of HSP90 are known to modulate its ATPase-dependent chaperone activity through disulfide formation and S-nitrosylation. Whereas HSP90 expression is unchanged at the protein level during hyperoxic exposure, siRNA knockdown significantly increased hyperoxic cell death by 2.5-fold, indicating cellular dependence on HSP90 chaperone functions in response to hyperoxic exposure. These data support the hypothesis that hyperoxic impairment of Trx1 has a negative impact on HSP90-oxidative responses critical to cell survival, with potential implications for pathways implicated in lung development and the pathogenesis of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J Floen
- Basic Biomedical Sciences and The University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Benjamin J Forred
- Children׳s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Elliot J Bloom
- Children׳s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Peter F Vitiello
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA; Children׳s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
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Dunn LL, Simpson PJ, Prosser HC, Lecce L, Yuen GS, Buckle A, Sieveking DP, Vanags LZ, Lim PR, Chow RW, Lam YT, Clayton Z, Bao S, Davies MJ, Stadler N, Celermajer DS, Stocker R, Bursill CA, Cooke JP, Ng MK. A critical role for thioredoxin-interacting protein in diabetes-related impairment of angiogenesis. Diabetes 2014; 63:675-87. [PMID: 24198286 PMCID: PMC3900553 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Impaired angiogenesis in ischemic tissue is a hallmark of diabetes. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is an exquisitely glucose-sensitive gene that is overexpressed in diabetes. As TXNIP modulates the activity of the key angiogenic cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), we hypothesized that hyperglycemia-induced dysregulation of TXNIP may play a role in the pathogenesis of impaired angiogenesis in diabetes. In the current study, we report that high glucose-mediated overexpression of TXNIP induces a widespread impairment in endothelial cell (EC) function and survival by reducing VEGF production and sensitivity to VEGF action, findings that are rescued by silencing TXNIP with small interfering RNA. High glucose-induced EC dysfunction was recapitulated in normal glucose conditions by overexpressing either TXNIP or a TXNIP C247S mutant unable to bind thioredoxin, suggesting that TXNIP effects are largely independent of thioredoxin activity. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, TXNIP knockdown to nondiabetic levels rescued diabetes-related impairment of angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, blood flow, and functional recovery in an ischemic hindlimb. These findings were associated with in vivo restoration of VEGF production to nondiabetic levels. These data implicate a critical role for TXNIP in diabetes-related impairment of ischemia-mediated angiogenesis and identify TXNIP as a potential therapeutic target for the vascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise L. Dunn
- Translational Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Hamish C. Prosser
- Immunobiology Group, The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura Lecce
- Translational Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gloria S.C. Yuen
- Translational Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Buckle
- Translational Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel P. Sieveking
- Translational Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura Z. Vanags
- Immunobiology Group, The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Patrick R. Lim
- Translational Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renee W.Y. Chow
- Translational Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuen Ting Lam
- Translational Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zoe Clayton
- Translational Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shisan Bao
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael J. Davies
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Free Radical Group, The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nadina Stadler
- Free Radical Group, The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - David S. Celermajer
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Clinical Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - John P. Cooke
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Martin K.C. Ng
- Translational Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Corresponding author: Martin K.C. Ng,
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Abdelsaid MA, Matragoon S, El-Remessy AB. Thioredoxin-interacting protein expression is required for VEGF-mediated angiogenic signal in endothelial cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:2199-212. [PMID: 23718729 PMCID: PMC3869450 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) contributes to cellular redox-state homeostasis via binding and inhibiting thioredoxin (TRX). Increasing evidence suggests that cellular redox homeostasis regulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated signaling. This study aims to examine the redox-dependant role of TXNIP in regulating VEGF-mediated S-glutathionylation and angiogenic signaling. TXNIP-knockout mice (TKO) or wild-type (WT) treated with the reduced glutathione (GSH)-precursor, N-acetyl cysteine (WT-NAC, 500 mg/kg) were compared to WT using hypoxia-induced neovascularization model. RESULTS In response to hypoxia, retinas from TKO and WT-NAC mice showed significant decreases in reparative revascularization and pathological neovascularization with similar VEGF expression compared with WT. VEGF failed to stimulate vascular sprouting from aortic rings of TKO compared to WT mice. TKO mice or WT+NAC experienced reductive stress as indicated by twofold increase in TRX reductase activity and fourfold increase in reduced-GSH levels compared with WT. In human microvascular endothelial (HME) cells, VEGF stimulated co-precipitation between vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) with low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP). Silencing TXNIP expression blunted VEGF-induced oxidation of GSH and S-glutathionylation of the LMW-PTP in HME cells. These effects were associated with impaired VEGFR2 phosphorylation that culminated in inhibiting cell migration and tube formation. Overexpression of TXNIP restored VEGFR2 phosphorylation and cell migration in TKO-endothelial cells. INNOVATION TXNIP expression is required for VEGF-mediated VEGFR2 activation and angiogenic response in vivo and in vitro. TXNIP expression regulates VEGFR-2 phosphorylation via S-glutathionylation of LMW-PTP in endothelial cells. CONCLUSION Our results provide novel mechanistic insight into modulating TXNIP expression as a potential therapeutic target in diseases characterized by aberrant angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Abdelsaid
- 1 Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia , Augusta, Georgia
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Abstract
The most important chronic morbidities of premature newborns, deeply influencing quality of life, are retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia. Since the rate of premature birth has not decreased in recent years in Hungary, and treatments of these end stage disorders are extremely difficult, prevention gains tremendous significance. Effective prevention is based on detailed knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms of these special diseases having multifactorial nature sharing several common risk factors, and one is the pathological angiogenesis. This sensitive system is affected by several stress situations which are the consequences of prematurity leading to abnormal vascular growth. After birth, relative hyperoxia, compared to intrauterine life, and decreasing concentrations of vascular growth factors result in vascular injury, moreover, may cause vessel apoptosis. The consequence of this phenomenon is the activation of hypoxia responsible genes resulting in robust pathological neovascularization and organ damage during the later phase. Saving normal angiogenesis and inhibiting reactive neovascularization may lead to better quality of life in these premature infants. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1498–1511.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Balla
- Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum Gyermekgyógyászati Intézet Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98. 4032
| | - Miklós Szabó
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar I. Gyermekgyógyászati Klinika Budapest
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Spindel ON, World C, Berk BC. Thioredoxin interacting protein: redox dependent and independent regulatory mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:587-96. [PMID: 21929372 PMCID: PMC3270053 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP, also termed VDUP1 for vitamin D upregulated protein or TBP2 for thioredoxin-binding protein) was originally discovered by virtue of its strong regulation by vitamin D. Recently, TXNIP has been found to regulate the cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) state by binding to and inhibiting thioredoxin (TRX) in a redox-dependent fashion. RECENT ADVANCES Studies of the Hcb-19 mouse, TXNIP nonsense mutated mouse, demonstrate redox-mediated roles in lipid and glucose metabolism, cardiac function, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Exciting recent data indicate important roles for TXNIP in redox independent signaling. Specifically, sequence analysis revealed that TXNIP is a member of the classical visual/β-arrestin superfamily, and is one of the six members of the arrestin domain-containing (ARRDC, or α-arrestin) family. CRITICAL ISSUES Although the function of α-arrestins is not well known, recent studies suggest roles in endocytosis and protein ubiquitination through PPxY motifs in their C-terminal tails. Importantly, the ability of TXNIP to inhibit glucose uptake was found to be independent of TRX binding. Further investigation showed that several metabolic functions of TXNIP were due to the arrestin domains, thus further supporting the importance of redox independent functions of TXNIP. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Since TXNIP transcription and protein stability are highly regulated by multiple tissue-specific stimuli, it appears that TXNIP should be a good therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded N. Spindel
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Cameron World
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Bradford C. Berk
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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Masutani H, Yoshihara E, Masaki S, Chen Z, Yodoi J. Thioredoxin binding protein (TBP)-2/Txnip and α-arrestin proteins in cancer and diabetes mellitus. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 50:23-34. [PMID: 22247597 PMCID: PMC3246179 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-36sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin binding protein -2/ thioredoxin interacting protein is an α-arrestin protein that has attracted much attention as a multifunctional regulator. Thioredoxin binding protein -2 expression is downregulated in tumor cells and the level of thioredoxin binding protein is correlated with clinical stage of cancer. Mice with mutations or knockout of the thioredoxin binding protein -2 gene are much more susceptible to carcinogenesis than wild-type mice, indicating a role for thioredoxin binding protein -2 in cancer suppression. Studies have also revealed roles for thioredoxin binding protein -2 in metabolic control. Enhancement of thioredoxin binding protein -2 expression causes impairment of insulin sensitivity and glucose-induced insulin secretion, and β-cell apoptosis. These changes are important characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thioredoxin binding protein -2 regulates transcription of metabolic regulating genes. Thioredoxin binding protein -2-like inducible membrane protein/ arrestin domain containing 3 regulates endocytosis of receptors such as the β(2)-adrenergic receptor. The α-arrestin family possesses PPXY motifs and may function as an adaptor/scaffold for NEDD family ubiquitin ligases. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of α-arrestin proteins would provide a new pharmacological basis for developing approaches against cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masutani
- Institute for Virus Research, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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