1
|
Catanzaro E, Demuynck R, Naessens F, Galluzzi L, Krysko DV. Immunogenicity of ferroptosis in cancer: a matter of context? Trends Cancer 2024; 10:407-416. [PMID: 38368244 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a variant of regulated cell death (RCD) elicited by an imbalance of cellular redox homeostasis that culminates with extensive lipid peroxidation and rapid plasma membrane breakdown. Since other necrotic forms of RCD, such as necroptosis, are highly immunogenic, ferroptosis inducers have attracted considerable attention as potential tools to selectively kill malignant cells while eliciting therapeutically relevant tumor-targeting immune responses. However, rather than being consistently immunogenic, ferroptosis mediates context-dependent effects on anticancer immunity. The inability of ferroptotic cancer cells to elicit adaptive immune responses may arise from contextual deficiencies in intrinsic aspects of the process, such as adjuvanticity and antigenicity, or from microenvironmental defects imposed by ferroptotic cancer cells themselves or elicited by the induction of ferroptosis in immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Catanzaro
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin Demuynck
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Faye Naessens
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shafqat A, Khan JA, Alkachem AY, Sabur H, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A, Sing GK. How Neutrophils Shape the Immune Response: Reassessing Their Multifaceted Role in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17583. [PMID: 38139412 PMCID: PMC10744338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant of the circulating immune cells and are the first to be recruited to sites of inflammation. Neutrophils are a heterogeneous group of immune cells from which are derived extracellular traps (NETs), reactive oxygen species, cytokines, chemokines, immunomodulatory factors, and alarmins that regulate the recruitment and phenotypes of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells. In addition, cytokine-stimulated neutrophils can express class II major histocompatibility complex and the internal machinery necessary for successful antigen presentation to memory CD4+ T cells. This may be relevant in the context of vaccine memory. Neutrophils thus emerge as orchestrators of immune responses that play a key role in determining the outcome of infections, vaccine efficacy, and chronic diseases like autoimmunity and cancer. This review aims to provide a synthesis of current evidence as regards the role of these functions of neutrophils in homeostasis and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia (K.A.); (A.Y.); (G.K.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lackner A, Cabral JE, Qiu Y, Zhou H, Leonidas L, Pham MA, Macapagal A, Lin S, Armanus E, McNulty R. Small molecule inhibitor binds to NLRP3 and prevents inflammasome activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.13.571573. [PMID: 38168343 PMCID: PMC10760093 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.571573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the mechanism of oxidized DNA activating NLRP3, the molecular mechanism and consequence of oxidized DNA associating with NLRP3 remains unknown. Cytosolic NLRP3 binds oxidized DNA which has been released from the mitochondria, which subsequently triggers inflammasome activation. Human glycosylase (hOGG1) repairs oxidized DNA damage which inhibits inflammasome activation. The fold of NLRP3 pyrin domain contains amino acids and a protein fold similar to hOGG1. Amino acids that enable hOGG1 to bind and cleave oxidized DNA are conserved in NLRP3. We found NLRP3 could bind and cleave oxidized guanine within mitochondrial DNA. The binding of oxidized DNA to NLRP3 was prevented by small molecule drugs which also inhibit hOGG1. These same drugs also inhibited inflammasome activation. Elucidating this mechanism will enable design of drug memetics that treat inflammasome pathologies, illustrated herein by NLRP3 pyrin domain inhibitors which suppressed interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in macrophages. One-Sentence Summary NLRP3 cleaves oxidized DNA and small molecule drug binding inhibits inflammasome activation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu MM, Shu HB. Mitochondrial DNA-triggered innate immune response: mechanisms and diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1403-1412. [PMID: 37932533 PMCID: PMC10687031 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Various cellular stress conditions trigger mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release from mitochondria into the cytosol. The released mtDNA is sensed by the cGAS-MITA/STING pathway, resulting in the induced expression of type I interferon and other effector genes. These processes contribute to the innate immune response to viral infection and other stress factors. The deregulation of these processes causes autoimmune diseases, inflammatory metabolic disorders and cancer. Therefore, the cGAS-MITA/STING pathway is a potential target for intervention in infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well as cancer. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying the mtDNA-triggered activation of the cGAS-MITA/STING pathway, the effects of the pathway under various physiological and pathological conditions, and advances in the development of drugs that target cGAS and MITA/STING.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Research Unit of Innate Immune and Inflammatory Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghincea A, Woo S, Sheeline Y, Pivarnik T, Fiorini V, Herzog EL, Ryu C. Mitochondrial DNA Sensing Pathogen Recognition Receptors in Systemic Sclerosis Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Review. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN RHEUMATOLOGY 2023; 9:204-220. [PMID: 38230363 PMCID: PMC10791121 DOI: 10.1007/s40674-023-00211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of the review Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a condition of dermal and visceral scar formation characterized by immune dysregulation and inflammatory fibrosis. Approximately 90% of SSc patients develop interstitial lung disease (ILD), and it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Further understanding of immune-mediated fibroproliferative mechanisms has the potential to catalyze novel treatment approaches in this difficult to treat disease. Recent findings Recent advances have demonstrated the critical role of aberrant innate immune activation mediated by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) through interactions with toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and cytosolic cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS). Summary In this review, we will discuss how the nature of the mtDNA, whether oxidized or mutated, and its mechanism of release, either intracellularly or extracellularly, can amplify fibrogenesis by activating TLR9 and cGAS, and the novel insights gained by interrogating these signaling pathways. Because the scope of this review is intended to generate hypotheses for future research, we conclude our discussion with several important unanswered questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ghincea
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Samuel Woo
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Yu Sheeline
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Taylor Pivarnik
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Vitoria Fiorini
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Erica L. Herzog
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| | - Changwan Ryu
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pastorek M, Konečná B, Janko J, Janovičová Ľ, Podracká Ľ, Záhumenský J, Šteňová E, Dúbrava M, Hodosy J, Vlková B, Celec P. Mitochondria-induced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps is enhanced in the elderly via Toll-like receptor 9. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:651-665. [PMID: 37648664 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps are potent antimicrobial weapons; however, their formation during sterile inflammation is detrimental, and the mechanism of induction is still unclear. Since advanced age is the primary clinical risk factor for poor outcomes in inflammatory diseases, we hypothesized that sterile stimuli, represented by mitochondria, would induce neutrophil extracellular trap formation in an age-dependent manner. Therefore, we analyzed induction of neutrophil extracellular traps in patients grouped according to age or immune status and observed that neutrophils from elderly patients responded to the presence of mitochondria with enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap formation. These neutrophil extracellular traps were also found to be more oxidized and exhibited higher resistance to DNase I degradation. Additionally, a higher concentration of residual neutrophil extracellular traps was detected in the plasma of the elderly. This plasma was capable of priming neutrophils through TLR9-mediated signaling, leading to further neutrophil extracellular trap formation, which was successfully inhibited with chloroquine. Finally, in a mouse model of mitochondria-induced acute lung injury, we observed that neutrophils from aged mice displayed impaired chemotactic activity but exhibited a trend of higher neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Thus, we propose that residual neutrophil extracellular traps circulating in the elderly preactivate neutrophils, making them more prone to enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap formation when exposed to mitochondria during sterile inflammation. Further investigation is needed to determine whether this vicious circle could be a suitable therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pastorek
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Konečná
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Janko
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubica Janovičová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Podracká
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Institute of Children's Diseases, Limbová 1, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Záhumenský
- 2nd Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Comenius University, Ružinovská 6, 821 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Emöke Šteňová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Comenius University, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Dúbrava
- 1st Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbová 5, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Július Hodosy
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Emergency Medicine Ružinov, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Comenius University, Ružinovská 6, 821 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Vlková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zielke C, Nielsen JE, Lin JS, Barron AE. Between good and evil: Complexation of the human cathelicidin LL-37 with nucleic acids. Biophys J 2023:S0006-3495(23)00671-9. [PMID: 37919905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system provides a crucial first line of defense against invading pathogens attacking the body. As the only member of the human cathelicidin family, the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 has been shown to have antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. In complexation with nucleic acids, LL-37 is suggested to maintain its beneficial health effects while also acting as a condensation agent for the nucleic acid. Complexes formed by LL-37 and nucleic acids have been shown to be immunostimulatory with a positive impact on the human innate immune system. However, some studies also suggest that in some circumstances, LL-37/nucleic acid complexes may be a contributing factor to autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of research highlighting the beneficial health effects of LL-37/nucleic acid complexes, as well as discussing observed detrimental effects. We will emphasize why it is important to investigate and elucidate structural characteristics, such as condensation patterns of nucleic acids within complexation, and their mechanisms of action, to shed light on the intricate physiological effects of LL-37 and the seemingly contradictory role of LL-37/nucleic acid complexes in the innate immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zielke
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford, California
| | - Josefine Eilsø Nielsen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford, California; Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jennifer S Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford, California
| | - Annelise E Barron
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Schools of Medicine and of Engineering, Stanford, California.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Juha M, Molnár A, Jakus Z, Ledó N. NETosis: an emerging therapeutic target in renal diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253667. [PMID: 37744367 PMCID: PMC10514582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures composed of nuclear and granular components. The primary role of NETS is to prevent the dissemination of microbes and facilitate their elimination. However, this process is accompanied by collateral proinflammatory adverse effects when the NET release becomes uncontrollable, or clearance is impaired. Although NET-induced organ damage is conducted primarily and indirectly via immune complexes and the subsequent release of cytokines, their direct effects on cells are also remarkable. NETosis plays a critical pathogenic role in several renal disorders, such as the early phase of acute tubular necrosis, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-mediated renal vasculitis, lupus nephritis, thrombotic microangiopathies, anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, and diabetic nephropathy. Their substantial contribution in the course of these disorders makes them a desirable target in the therapeutic armamentarium. This article gives an in-depth review of the heterogeneous pathogenesis and physiological regulations of NETosis and its pivotal role in renal diseases. Based on the pathogenesis, the article also outlines the current therapeutic options and possible molecular targets in the treatment of NET-related renal disorders. Methods We carried out thorough literature research published in PubMed and Google Scholar, including a comprehensive review and analysis of the classification, pathomechanisms, and a broad spectrum of NET-related kidney disorders. Conclusions NETosis plays a pivotal role in certain renal diseases. It initiates and maintains inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, thus making it a desirable target for improving patient and renal outcomes. Better understanding and clinical translation of the pathogenesis are crucial aspects to treatment, for improving patient, and renal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márk Juha
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adél Molnár
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Jakus
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Ledó
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kunze R, Fischer S, Marti HH, Preissner KT. Brain alarm by self-extracellular nucleic acids: from neuroinflammation to neurodegeneration. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:64. [PMID: 37550658 PMCID: PMC10405513 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, as well as the neurodegenerative diseases Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease are accompanied or even powered by danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), defined as endogenous molecules released from stressed or damaged tissue. Besides protein-related DAMPs or "alarmins", numerous nucleic acid DAMPs exist in body fluids, such as cell-free nuclear and mitochondrial DNA as well as different species of extracellular RNA, collectively termed as self-extracellular nucleic acids (SENAs). Among these, microRNA, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs and extracellular ribosomal RNA constitute the majority of RNA-based DAMPs. Upon tissue injury, necrosis or apoptosis, such SENAs are released from neuronal, immune and other cells predominantly in association with extracellular vesicles and may be translocated to target cells where they can induce intracellular regulatory pathways in gene transcription and translation. The majority of SENA-induced signaling reactions in the brain appear to be related to neuroinflammatory processes, often causally associated with the onset or progression of the respective disease. In this review, the impact of the diverse types of SENAs on neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed. Based on the accumulating knowledge in this field, several specific antagonistic approaches are presented that could serve as therapeutic interventions to lower the pathological outcome of the indicated brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Kunze
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hugo H. Marti
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus T. Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Kerckhoff-Heart-Research-Institute, Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Todosenko N, Khaziakhmatova O, Malashchenko V, Yurova K, Bograya M, Beletskaya M, Vulf M, Gazatova N, Litvinova L. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Associated with mtDNA in Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12012. [PMID: 37569389 PMCID: PMC10418437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a precursor to the major health diseases associated with high mortality in industrialized countries: cardiovascular disease and diabetes. An important component of the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome is mitochondrial dysfunction, which is associated with tissue hypoxia, disruption of mitochondrial integrity, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and a decrease in ATP, leading to a chronic inflammatory state that affects tissues and organ systems. The mitochondrial AAA + protease Lon (Lonp1) has a broad spectrum of activities. In addition to its classical function (degradation of misfolded or damaged proteins), enzymatic activity (proteolysis, chaperone activity, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)binding) has been demonstrated. At the same time, the spectrum of Lonp1 activity extends to the regulation of cellular processes inside mitochondria, as well as outside mitochondria (nuclear localization). This mitochondrial protease with enzymatic activity may be a promising molecular target for the development of targeted therapy for MetS and its components. The aim of this review is to elucidate the role of mtDNA in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and its components as a key component of mitochondrial dysfunction and to describe the promising and little-studied AAA + LonP1 protease as a potential target in metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Todosenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Olga Khaziakhmatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Vladimir Malashchenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Kristina Yurova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Maria Bograya
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Maria Beletskaya
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Maria Vulf
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Natalia Gazatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
| | - Larisa Litvinova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (N.G.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang W, Zhong R, Qu X, Xiang Y, Ji M. Effect of 8-Hydroxyguanine DNA Glycosylase 1 on the Function of Immune Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1300. [PMID: 37372030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause an imbalance between oxidation and anti-oxidation, leading to the occurrence of oxidative stress in the body. The most common product of ROS-induced base damage is 8-hydroxyguanine (8-oxoG). Failure to promptly remove 8-oxoG often causes mutations during DNA replication. 8-oxoG is cleared from cells by the 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1)-mediated oxidative damage base excision repair pathway so as to prevent cells from suffering dysfunction due to oxidative stress. Physiological immune homeostasis and, in particular, immune cell function are vulnerable to oxidative stress. Evidence suggests that inflammation, aging, cancer, and other diseases are related to an imbalance in immune homeostasis caused by oxidative stress. However, the role of the OGG1-mediated oxidative damage repair pathway in the activation and maintenance of immune cell function is unknown. This review summarizes the current understanding of the effect of OGG1 on immune cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ranwei Zhong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ming Ji
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Di Mambro T, Pellielo G, Agyapong ED, Carinci M, Chianese D, Giorgi C, Morciano G, Patergnani S, Pinton P, Rimessi A. The Tricky Connection between Extracellular Vesicles and Mitochondria in Inflammatory-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098181. [PMID: 37175888 PMCID: PMC10179665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells, where they represent the main site of energy production. Mitochondria are involved in several important cell processes, such as calcium homeostasis, OXPHOS, autophagy, and apoptosis. Moreover, they play a pivotal role also in inflammation through the inter-organelle and inter-cellular communications, mediated by the release of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs). It is currently well-documented that in addition to traditional endocrine and paracrine communication, the cells converse via extracellular vesicles (EVs). These small membrane-bound particles are released from cells in the extracellular milieu under physio-pathological conditions. Importantly, EVs have gained much attention for their crucial role in inter-cellular communication, translating inflammatory signals into recipient cells. EVs cargo includes plasma membrane and endosomal proteins, but EVs also contain material from other cellular compartments, including mitochondria. Studies have shown that EVs may transport mitochondrial portions, proteins, and/or mtDAMPs to modulate the metabolic and inflammatory responses of recipient cells. Overall, the relationship between EVs and mitochondria in inflammation is an active area of research, although further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved and how they may be targeted for therapeutic purposes. Here, we have reported and discussed the latest studies focused on this fascinating and recent area of research, discussing of tricky connection between mitochondria and EVs in inflammatory-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Di Mambro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Pellielo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Esther Densu Agyapong
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marianna Carinci
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Diego Chianese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xian H, Karin M. Oxidized mitochondrial DNA: a protective signal gone awry. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:188-200. [PMID: 36739208 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the emergence of mitochondria as key regulators of innate immunity, the mechanisms underlying the generation and release of immunostimulatory alarmins by stressed mitochondria remains nebulous. We propose that the major mitochondrial alarmin in myeloid cells is oxidized mitochondrial DNA (Ox-mtDNA). Fragmented Ox-mtDNA enters the cytosol where it activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and generates IL-1β, IL-18, and cGAS-STING to induce type I interferons and interferon-stimulated genes. Inflammasome activation further enables the circulatory release of Ox-mtDNA by opening gasdermin D pores. We summarize new data showing that, in addition to being an autoimmune disease biomarker, Ox-mtDNA converts beneficial transient inflammation into long-lasting immunopathology. We discuss how Ox-mtDNA induces short- and long-term immune activation, and highlight its homeostatic and immunopathogenic functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Xian
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mitochondrial DNA in cell death and inflammation. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:457-472. [PMID: 36815695 PMCID: PMC9988000 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic DNA is recognized by the innate immune system as a potential threat. During apoptotic cell death, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release activates the DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) to promote a pro-inflammatory type I interferon response. Inflammation following mtDNA release during apoptotic cell death can be exploited to engage anti-tumor immunity and represents a potential avenue for cancer therapy. Additionally, various studies have described leakage of mtDNA, independent of cell death, with different underlying cues such as pathogenic infections, changes in mtDNA packaging, mtDNA stress or reduced mitochondrial clearance. The interferon response in these scenarios can be beneficial but also potentially disadvantageous, as suggested by a variety of disease phenotypes. In this review, we discuss mechanisms underlying mtDNA release governed by cell death pathways and summarize release mechanisms independent of cell death. We further highlight the similarities and differences in mtDNA release pathways, outlining gaps in our knowledge and questions for further research. Together, a deeper understanding of how and when mtDNA is released may enable the development of drugs to specifically target or inhibit mtDNA release in different disease settings.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Liu L, Liang X, Yang S, Xia Q, Jin T, Ma Y, Chen Y, Yuan X, Tie Y, Gu Y, Fang C, Chen S, Mo F, Yu T, Hu Y, Qian Z, Peng Y, Geng J, Zhou Z, Wu M, Ding J, Yang D, Wei X. JMJD3 Is Required for Acute Pancreatitis and Pancreatitis-Associated Lung Injury. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:180-190. [PMID: 36458991 PMCID: PMC9772398 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) can be complicated by inflammatory disorders of remote organs, such as lung injury, in which Jumonji domain-containing protein 3 (JMJD3) plays a vital role in proinflammatory responses. Currently, we found that JMJD3 expression was upregulated in the pancreas and lung in an AP male mouse model, which was also confirmed in AP patients. Further experiments revealed that the upregulation of JMJD3 and proinflammatory effects were possibly exerted by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or oxidized-mtDNA from tissue injury caused by AP. The release of mtDNA and oxidized-mtDNA contributed to the infiltration of inflammatory monocytes in lung injury through the stimulator of IFN genes (STING)/TLR9-NF-κB-JMJD3-TNF-α pathway. The inhibition of JMJD3 or utilization of Jmjd3-cKO mice significantly alleviated pulmonary inflammation induced by AP. Blocking mtDNA oxidation or knocking down the TLR9/STING pathway effectively alleviated inflammation. Therefore, inhibition of JMJD3 or STING/TLR9 pathway blockage might be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat AP and the associated lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangxian Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengqun Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery/Pancreatic Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Tie
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangzhuo Gu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunju Fang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Mo
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhu Hu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Peng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Geng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongguang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND; and
| | - Jiansheng Ding
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Daoke Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Q, Chen Z, Guo J, Peng X, Zheng Z, Chen H, Liu H, Ma Y, Zhu J. Atorvastatin-induced tolerogenic dendritic cells improve cardiac remodeling by suppressing TLR-4/NF-κB activation after myocardial infarction. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:13-25. [PMID: 36315279 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial infarction (MI) caused by ischemic cardiomyocyte necrosis induces inflammatory responses that strongly affect ventricular remodeling. Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) can suppress this effect on inflammatory responses. However, the precise role of atorvastatin-induced tDCs in ventricular remodeling after MI remains unclear. METHODS To explore the effect of necrotic cardiomyocytes (SNC) and/or atorvastatin on DC function, the expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC-II was determined using flow cytometry. The protein levels of TLR-4/NF-κB-related molecules were evaluated using western blotting. The infarct area after MI was determined via 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The TUNEL assay was employed to evaluate the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in heart sections. Masson's trichrome method was used to determine the extent of fibrosis. RESULTS Compared to the DCs co-cultured with PBS (control), cells co-cultured with Supernatant-IM or Supernatant-NH produced higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12P40, and IL-8. This cytokine production was impaired by atorvastatin treatment. SNC treatment induced DC maturation and enhanced inflammatory cytokine secretion and oxidative stress through TLR-4/NF-κB pathway activation. Compared to that in the PBS-treated group, the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly improved after tDC treatment. Additionally, compared to that in the PBS-treated group, tDC treatment reduced the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters in mice. Furthermore, treatment with tDCs improved the left ventricular systolic function, attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration, and reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, myocardial fibrosis, and infarct size compared to those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Adoptive transfer of atorvastatin-induced tDCs alleviated post-infarction cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis in association with decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and inhibited oxidative stress, likely by suppressing TLR-4/NF-κB activation after myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Municipal Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Chen
- Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanji Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Characterization of Mitochondrial Alterations in Aicardi-Goutières Patients Mutated in RNASEH2A and RNASEH2B Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214482. [PMID: 36430958 PMCID: PMC9692803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare encephalopathy characterized by neurological and immunological features. Mitochondrial dysfunctions may lead to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release and consequent immune system activation. We investigated the role of mitochondria and mtDNA in AGS pathogenesis by studying patients mutated in RNASEH2B and RNASEH2A genes. Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from RNASEH2A- and RNASEH2B-mutated patients and healthy control were used. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and flow cytometry were used to assess morphological alterations, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential variations. Seahorse Analyzer was used to investigate metabolic alterations, and mtDNA oxidation and VDAC1 oligomerization were assessed by immunofluorescence. Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to quantify mtTFA protein and mtDNA release. Morphological alterations of mitochondria were observed in both mutated LCLs, and loss of physiological membrane potential was mainly identified in RNASEH2A LCLs. ROS production and 8-oxoGuanine levels were increased in RNASEH2B LCLs. Additionally, the VDAC1 signal was increased, suggesting a mitochondrial pore formation possibly determining mtDNA release. Indeed, higher cytoplasmic mtDNA levels were found in RNASEH2B LCLs. Metabolic alterations confirmed mitochondrial damage in both LCLs. Data highlighted mitochondrial alterations in AGS patients' LCLs suggesting a pivotal role in AGS pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
18
|
Aczél T, Benczik B, Ágg B, Körtési T, Urbán P, Bauer W, Gyenesei A, Tuka B, Tajti J, Ferdinandy P, Vécsei L, Bölcskei K, Kun J, Helyes Z. Disease- and headache-specific microRNA signatures and their predicted mRNA targets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in migraineurs: role of inflammatory signalling and oxidative stress. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:113. [PMID: 36050647 PMCID: PMC9438144 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a primary headache with genetic susceptibility, but the pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood, and it remains an unmet medical need. Earlier we demonstrated significant differences in the transcriptome of migraineurs' PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells), suggesting the role of neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Post-transcriptional gene expression is regulated by miRNA (microRNA), a group of short non-coding RNAs that are emerging biomarkers, drug targets, or drugs. MiRNAs are emerging biomarkers and therapeutics; however, little is known about the miRNA transcriptome in migraine, and a systematic comparative analysis has not been performed so far in migraine patients. METHODS We determined miRNA expression of migraineurs' PBMC during (ictal) and between (interictal) headaches compared to age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Small RNA sequencing was performed from the PBMC, and mRNA targets of miRNAs were predicted using a network theoretical approach by miRNAtarget.com™. Predicted miRNA targets were investigated by Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and validated by comparing network metrics to differentially expressed mRNA data. RESULTS In the interictal PBMC samples 31 miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) in comparison to healthy controls, including hsa-miR-5189-3p, hsa-miR-96-5p, hsa-miR-3613-5p, hsa-miR-99a-3p, hsa-miR-542-3p. During headache attacks, the top DE miRNAs as compared to the self-control samples in the interictal phase were hsa-miR-3202, hsa-miR-7855-5p, hsa-miR-6770-3p, hsa-miR-1538, and hsa-miR-409-5p. MiRNA-mRNA target prediction and pathway analysis indicated several mRNAs related to immune and inflammatory responses (toll-like receptor and cytokine receptor signalling), neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, also confirmed by mRNA transcriptomics. CONCLUSIONS We provide here the first evidence for disease- and headache-specific miRNA signatures in the PBMC of migraineurs, which might help to identify novel targets for both prophylaxis and attack therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timea Aczél
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bettina Benczik
- Cardiometabolic and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bence Ágg
- Cardiometabolic and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Körtési
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Urbán
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Witold Bauer
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Tuka
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Tajti
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic and MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kata Bölcskei
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Kun
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary. .,PharmInVivo Ltd., Pécs, Hungary. .,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, 7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Klein B, Kunz M. Current concepts of photosensitivity in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:939594. [PMID: 36091671 PMCID: PMC9452788 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.939594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) represents a complex autoimmune disease with a broad phenotypic spectrum ranging from acute to chronic destructive cutaneous lesions. Patients with CLE exhibit high photosensitivity and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation can lead to systemic flares in systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the exact mechanisms how UV irradiation enhances cutaneous inflammation in lupus are not fully understood. Recently, new molecular mechanisms of UV-driven immune responses in CLE were identified, offering potential therapeutic approaches. Especially the induction of type I interferons, central cytokines in lupus pathogenesis which are released by various skin cells, have become the focus of current research. In this review, we describe current pathogenic concepts of photosensitivity in lupus erythematosus, including UV-driven activation of intracellular nucleic acid sensors, cellular cytokine production and immune cell activation. Furthermore, we discuss activated pathways contributing to enhanced apoptosis as well as intracellular translocation of autoantigens thereby promoting CLE upon UV light exposure.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mitochondrial DNA Is a Vital Driving Force in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6235747. [PMID: 35620580 PMCID: PMC9129988 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6235747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
According to the latest Global Burden of Disease Study, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death, and ischemic heart disease and stroke are the cause of death in approximately half of CVD patients. In CVD, mitochondrial dysfunction following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury results in heart failure. The proper functioning of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the mitochondrial life cycle in cardiac mitochondria are closely related to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Following myocardial I/R injury, mitochondria activate multiple repair and clearance mechanisms to repair damaged mtDNA. When these repair mechanisms are insufficient to restore the structure and function of mtDNA, irreversible mtDNA damage occurs, leading to mtDNA mutations. Since mtDNA mutations aggravate OXPHOS dysfunction and affect mitophagy, mtDNA mutation accumulation leads to leakage of mtDNA and proteins outside the mitochondria, inducing an innate immune response, aggravating cardiovascular injury, and leading to the need for external interventions to stop or slow the disease course. On the other hand, mtDNA released into the circulation after cardiac injury can serve as a biomarker for CVD diagnosis and prognosis. This article reviews the pathogenic basis and related research findings of mtDNA oxidative damage and mtDNA leak-triggered innate immune response associated with I/R injury in CVD and summarizes therapeutic options that target mtDNA.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu Q, Tsai HI, Zhu H, Wang D. The Entanglement between Mitochondrial DNA and Tumor Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081862. [PMID: 35454769 PMCID: PMC9028275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main features of cancer cells. As genetic material in mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations and dysregulation of mitochondria-encoded genes have been shown to correlate with survival outcomes in cancer patients. Cancer metastasis is often a major cause of treatment failure, which is a multi-step cascade process. With the development of gene sequencing and in vivo modeling technology, the role of mtDNA in cancer metastasis has been continuously explored. Our review systematically provides a summary of the multiple roles of mtDNA in cancer metastasis and presents the broad prospects for mtDNA in cancer prediction and therapy. Abstract Mitochondrial DNA, the genetic material in mitochondria, encodes essential oxidative phosphorylation proteins and plays an important role in mitochondrial respiration and energy transfer. With the development of genome sequencing and the emergence of novel in vivo modeling techniques, the role of mtDNA in cancer biology is gaining more attention. Abnormalities of mtDNA result in not only mitochondrial dysfunction of the the cancer cells and malignant behaviors, but regulation of the tumor microenvironment, which becomes more aggressive. Here, we review the recent progress in the regulation of cancer metastasis using mtDNA and the underlying mechanisms, which may identify opportunities for finding novel cancer prediction and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
| | - Hsiang-i Tsai
- Laboratory of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Laboratory of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (D.W.); Tel.: +86-138-6139-0259 (D.W.)
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (D.W.); Tel.: +86-138-6139-0259 (D.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guo Y, Tsai HI, Zhang L, Zhu H. Mitochondrial DNA on Tumor-Associated Macrophages Polarization and Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061452. [PMID: 35326602 PMCID: PMC8946090 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As the most abundant cell in the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) drive tumor progress by inducing angiogenesis, fibrosis, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, which makes these cells an important target for tumor treatment. Recently, the role of free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has attracted increased attention in the regulation of immune cells in the TME. In this review, we first summarize the functional characteristics of macrophages in tumor progression. The release and regulation mechanisms of tumor cell-derived mtDNA in TME are also introduced. Then, the biological effects of endogenous and exogenous mtDNA on macrophages are discussed. Finally, we propose that the effect of mtDNA on macrophages is worthy of attention in the process of tumor treatment, especially in immunotherapy. Our review provides a systematic summary of the effects of mtDNA on the survival, function, and phenotypes of TAMs in the TME. Abstract As the richest immune cells in most tumor microenvironments (TMEs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumor development and treatment sensitivity. The phenotypes and functions of TAMs vary according to their sources and tumor progression. Different TAM phenotypes display distinct behaviors in terms of tumor immunity and are regulated by intracellular and exogenous molecules. Additionally, dysfunctional and oxidatively stressed mitochondrial-derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays an important role in remodeling the phenotypes and functions of TAMs. This article reviews the interactions between mtDNA and TAMs in the TME and further discusses the influence of their performance on tumor genesis and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Guo
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
| | - Hsiang-i Tsai
- Laboratory of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-18-7960-01735 (H.Z.)
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Laboratory of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-18-7960-01735 (H.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Koenig A, Buskiewicz-Koenig IA. Redox Activation of Mitochondrial DAMPs and the Metabolic Consequences for Development of Autoimmunity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:441-461. [PMID: 35352943 PMCID: PMC8982130 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known to promote innate immune responses during and in the absence of microbial infections. However, excessive or prolonged exposure to ROS provokes innate immune signaling dysfunction and contributes to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. The relatively high basal expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immune cells renders them prone to activation in response to minor intrinsic or extrinsic ROS misbalances in the absence of pathogens. Critical Issues: A prominent source of ROS are mitochondria, which are also major inter-organelle hubs for innate immunity activation, since most PRRs and downstream receptor molecules are directly located either at mitochondria or at mitochondria-associated membranes. Due to their ancestral bacterial origin, mitochondria can also act as quasi-intrinsic self-microbes that mimic a pathogen invasion and become a source of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that triggers innate immunity from within. Recent Advances: The release of mitochondrial DAMPs correlates with mitochondrial metabolism changes and increased generation of ROS, which can lead to the oxidative modification of DAMPs. Recent studies suggest that ROS-modified mitochondrial DAMPs possess increased, persistent immunogenicity. Future Directions: Herein, we discuss how mitochondrial DAMP release and oxidation activates PRRs, changes cellular metabolism, and causes innate immune response dysfunction by promoting systemic inflammation, thereby contributing to the onset or progression of autoimmune diseases. The future goal is to understand what the tipping point for DAMPs is to become oxidized, and whether this is a road without return. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 441-461.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koenig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
mtDNA in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:7157109. [PMID: 34795807 PMCID: PMC8595034 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7157109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been increasing year by year and has become the main cause for the increase of mortality. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CVD, especially in heart failure and ischemic heart diseases. With the deepening of research, more and more evidence showed that mtDNA is related to the occurrence and development of CVD. Current studies mainly focus on how mtDNA copy number, an indirect biomarker of mitochondrial function, contributes to CVD and its underlying mechanisms including mtDNA autophagy, the effect of mtDNA on cardiac inflammation, and related metabolic functions. However, no relevant studies have been conducted yet. In this paper, we combed the current research status of the mechanism related to the influence of mtDNA on the occurrence, development, and prognosis of CVD, so as to find whether these mechanisms have something in common, or is there a correlation between each mechanism for the development of CVD?
Collapse
|
25
|
Hao C, Zhang J, Zhang F, Wu J, Cao H, Wang W. Mitochondrial DNA may act as a biomarker to predict donor-kidney quality. Clin Transplant 2021; 35:e14469. [PMID: 34448256 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the best therapy for end-stage renal disease. Demand for kidney transplantation rises year-on-year, and the gap between kidney supply and demand remains large. To meet this clinical need, a gradual expansion in the supply of donors is required. However, clinics lack appropriate tools capable of quickly and accurately predicting post-transplant renal allograft function, and thus assess donor-kidney quality before transplantation. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a key component of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and plays an important part in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), accelerating the progression of IRI by inducing inflammation and type I interferon responses. mtDNA is known to be closely involved in delayed graft function (DGF) and acute kidney injury (AKI) after transplantation. Thus, mtDNA is a potential biomarker able to predict post-transplant renal allograft function. This review summarizes mtDNA biology, the role mtDNA plays in renal transplantation, outlines advances in detecting mtDNA, and details mtDNA's able to predict post-transplant renal allograft function. We aim to elucidate the potential value of mtDNA as a biomarker in the prediction of IRI, and eventually provide help for predicting donor-kidney quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changzhen Hao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feilong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyue Wu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Cao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
GÖNEY G, HALİSDEMİR MO. Aşırı Kilolu Kişilerde Olası Genotoksik Hasarın Analizi. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.942657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Son yıllarda yapılmış olan araştırmalar ile obezitenin, DNA zincir kırıklarının onarım mekanizmasını değiştirdiği ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Ayrıca Beden Kütle indeksinde artış ile genomik kararsızlık arasında ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Sunulan çalışmada aşırı kilolu bireylerin muhtemel genotoksik hasarının araştırılması amaçlanmış olup periferal kan örneklerinde Tek Hücre Jel Elektroforezi deneyi kullanılarak olası genotoksik hasar düzeyi hesaplanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Sunulan çalışmada 18 yaşından büyük aşırı kilolu ya da normal kiloya sahip bireylerin periferal lenfositlerinde olası DNA hasarı comet deneyi ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar SPSS analiz programı kullanılarak istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Sunulan araştırmaya yaş ortalaması 30,13±7,97 olan 23 kadın ve yaş ortalaması 38,13±10,63 olan 32 erkek toplamda 55 sayıda gönüllü katılmıştır. DNA hasarının göstergesi olan kuyruk momenti değeri tüm bireylerde ortalama 1,21±0,45’dir. Aşırı kilolu kişilerin kuyruk momenti değeri ortalama 1,29±0,46 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu değer normal kiloya sahip bireylerin kuyruk momenti sonuçları (1,09±0,40) ile karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Çalışma sonuçlarımıza göre beden kitle indeksinde artış ile DNA hasarı arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Sunulan çalışma Türkiye’deki yetişkin bireylerde aşırı kiloluluk ve DNA hasar düzeyinin değerlendirildiği ilk çalışma olma özelliğindedir. Gelecekte obeziteye ya da metabolik sendroma sahip kişilerde DNA hasar düzeyinin genotoksisite testleriyle araştırılacağı yeni çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lin W, Shen P, Song Y, Huang Y, Tu S. Reactive Oxygen Species in Autoimmune Cells: Function, Differentiation, and Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635021. [PMID: 33717180 PMCID: PMC7946999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly contribute to biomacromolecule damage and influence various inflammatory responses. Reactive oxygen species act as mediator between innate and adaptive immune cells, thereby influencing the antigen-presenting process that results in T cell activation. Evidence from patients with chronic granulomatous disease and mouse models support the function of ROS in preventing abnormal autoimmunity; for example, by supporting maintenance of macrophage efferocytosis and T helper 1/T helper 2 and T helper 17/ regulatory T cell balance. The failure of many anti-oxidation treatments indicates that ROS cannot be considered entirely harmful. Indeed, enhancement of ROS may sometimes be required. In a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), absence of NOX2-derived ROS led to higher prevalence and more severe symptoms. In patients with RA, naïve CD4+ T cells exhibit inhibited glycolysis and enhanced pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity, leading to ROS exhaustion. In this "reductive" state, CD4+ T cell immune homeostasis is disrupted, triggering joint destruction, together with oxidative stress in the synovium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiji Lin
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Shen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqin Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nie S, Lu J, Wang L, Gao M. Pro‐inflammatory role of
cell‐free
mitochondrial
DNA
in cardiovascular diseases. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1879-1890. [PMID: 32656943 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Nie
- Department of PediatricsThe First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Junying Lu
- Department of Intensive Care UnitThe First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of PediatricsThe First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Man Gao
- Department of PediatricsThe First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gao Y, Wang Y, Liu H, Liu Z, Zhao J. Mitochondrial DNA from hepatocytes induces upregulation of interleukin-33 expression of macrophages in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:637-643. [PMID: 32360132 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we propose that lipotoxicity induces the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from hepatocytes, which in turn upregulates IL-33 expression in macrophages. METHODS The mtDNA levels of plasma were determined in methionine- and mholine-deficient diet (MCD)-fed mice and NASH patients. Cultured hepatocytes were pre-incubated with Mito-TEMPO or rapamycin and were then stimulated with palmitic acid. The mtDNA levels in the cytosol were measured. The mtDNA from hepatocytes of mice was added to bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in the presence of IRS (TLR9 antagonist). The expression of IL-33 in BMDMs was measured. RESULTS Levels of mtDNA were higher in NASH patients and MCD-fed mice. Treatment of hepatocytes with palmitic acid in vitro induced mtDNA release into cytosol, which was attenuated by mito-TEMPO or rapamycin, and aggravated by inhibition of autophagy. Treatment of BMDMs with mtDNA enhanced IL-33 expression, which was attenuated by knockdown of TLR9. Treatment of BMDMs with mtDNA enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of IL-1β and TNF-α, which was attenuated by pretreatment with soluble ST2. CONCLUSION mtDNA released from injured hepatocytes under lipid overload induced the upregulation of IL-33 expression in macrophages via TLR9, and enhanced LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Gao
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, the 5th Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 100, Xisi Ring Middle Road, Beijing, 100039, China; Liver Transplantation and Research Center, the 5th Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 100, Xisi Ring Middle Road, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yijin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, the 5th Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 100, Xisi Ring Middle Road, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Hongling Liu
- Liver Transplantation and Research Center, the 5th Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 100, Xisi Ring Middle Road, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhenwen Liu
- Liver Transplantation and Research Center, the 5th Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 100, Xisi Ring Middle Road, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, the 5th Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 100, Xisi Ring Middle Road, Beijing, 100039, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common occurrence resulting from acute mesenteric ischemia, traumatic or septic shock, burns, and surgical procedures that can lead to multiple organ failure and high mortality in critically ill patients. Mitochondria are often considered the cellular power factory via their capacity for ATP generation. Recently, mitochondria have been further identified as vital regulators of cell death, inflammation, and oxidative stress, all of which can aggravate I/R injury. Studies have indicated that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and aggravates I/R injury. mtDNA is emerging as an agonist of the innate immune system that influences inflammatory pathology during I/R injury. In addition, when mtDNA is released into the cytoplasm, extracellular milieu, or circulation, it can activate multiple pattern-recognition receptors to trigger type I interferon and pro-inflammatory responses. Here, we review the emerging role of mtDNA in I/R injury to highlight novel mechanistic insights and discuss the pathophysiological relevance of mitochondrial biology.
Collapse
|
31
|
Pereira CA, Carlos D, Ferreira NS, Silva JF, Zanotto CZ, Zamboni DS, Garcia VD, Ventura DF, Silva JS, Tostes RC. Mitochondrial DNA Promotes NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Contributes to Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1557. [PMID: 32009974 PMCID: PMC6978691 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to several signals, including mitochondrial DNA (mDNA), regulates inflammatory responses by caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release. Circulating mDNA is linked to micro and macrovascular complications in diabetes. However, a role for mDNA in endothelial dysfunction is not clear. We tested the hypothesis that mDNA contributes to diabetes-associated endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation via NLRP3 activation. Methods: Vascular reactivity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, calcium (Ca2+) influx and caspase-1 and IL-1β activation were determined in mesenteric resistance arteries from normoglicemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 and NLRP3 knockout (Nlrp3-/- ) mice. Endothelial cells and mesenteric arteries were stimulated with mDNA from control (cmDNA) and diabetic (dmDNA) mice. Results: Diabetes reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation and increased vascular ROS generation and caspase-1 and IL-1β activation in C57BL/6, but not in Nlrp3-/- mice. Diabetes increased pancreatic cytosolic mDNA. dmDNA decreased endothelium-dependent vasodilation. In endothelial cells, dmDNA activated NLRP3 via mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ influx. Patients with type 1 diabetes exhibited increased circulating mDNA as well as caspase-1 and IL-1β activation. Conclusion: dmDNA activates endothelial NLRP3 inflammasome by mechanisms that involve Ca2+ influx and mitochondrial ROS generation. NLRP3 deficiency prevents diabetes-associated vascular inflammatory damage and endothelial dysfunction. Our study highlights the importance of NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetes-associated vascular dysfunction, which is key to diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila A Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniela Carlos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Nathanne S Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Josiane F Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Z Zanotto
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dario S Zamboni
- Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Valéria D Garcia
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dora Fix Ventura
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João S Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pázmándi K, Sütő M, Fekete T, Varga A, Boldizsár E, Boldogh I, Bácsi A. Oxidized base 8-oxoguanine, a product of DNA repair processes, contributes to dendritic cell activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:209-220. [PMID: 31408726 PMCID: PMC6848796 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the airways caused by exposure to gas phase pollutants or particulate matter are able to activate dendritic cells (DCs); however, the exact mechanisms are still unclear. When present in excess, ROS can modify macromolecules including DNA. One of the most abundant DNA base lesions is 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), which is repaired by the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1)-initiated base excision repair (BER) (OGG1-BER) pathway. Studies have also demonstrated that in addition to its role in repairing oxidized purines, OGG1 has guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity when bound to 8-oxoG. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to 8-oxoG, the specific product of OGG1-BER, induces functional changes of DCs. Supporting our hypothesis, transcriptome analysis revealed that in mouse lungs, out of 95 genes associated with DCs' function, 22 or 42 were significantly upregulated after a single or multiple intranasal 8-oxoG challenges, respectively. In a murine model of allergic airway inflammation, significantly increased serum levels of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE antibodies were detected in mice sensitized via nasal challenges with OVA+8-oxoG compared to those challenged with OVA alone. Furthermore, exposure of primary human monocyte-derived DCs (moDC) to 8-oxoG base resulted in significantly enhanced expression of cell surface molecules (CD40, CD86, CD83, HLA-DQ) and augmented the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6, TNF and IL-8, whereas it did not considerably influence the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The stimulatory effects of 8-oxoG on human moDCs were abolished upon siRNA-mediated OGG1 depletion. Collectively, these data suggest that OGG1-BER-generated 8-oxoG base-driven cell signaling activates DCs, which may contribute to initiation of both the innate and adaptive immune responses under conditions of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Pázmándi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Máté Sütő
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Tünde Fekete
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Aliz Varga
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Eszter Boldizsár
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - István Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ilic Z, Saxena AR, Periasamy S, Crawford DR. Control (Native) and oxidized (DeMP) mitochondrial RNA are proinflammatory regulators in human. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:62-69. [PMID: 31330178 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is implicated in a wide range of disorders, and thought to be involved in most leading causes of death today in the United States with high associated costs. New insights into better understanding its etiology, detection and prevention are thus of major importance in health care. One emerging field providing such insights has been the identification of DAMPs, or damage-associated molecular patterns. We have studied DAMPs within the context of degraded and oxidized mitochondrial DNA and RNA ("DeMP"), most recently demonstrating potent mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) immunogenic response in mouse macrophages. Here, we extend these studies to assess the proinflammatory role of mitochondrial control (native) and oxidized RNA using human RNA and cells. THP-1 macrophage mtRNA triggered a proinflammatory response (induction of IL-6 and TNFα) when transfected into the same cells. Modestly oxidized mtRNA (DeMP RNA) but not cytoplasmic RNA induced a similar response, in contrast to attenuated immunogenicity previously observed with more oxidized DeMP RNA. This DeMP RNA may also cause a mild prooxidant stress. The proinflammatory effects of mtRNA was significantly reduced following pretreatment with RNases specific for single and double stranded RNA, implicating these forms of mtRNA in proinflammatory response. The natural nucleic acid-encapsulating peptide LL-37 also triggered a proinflammatory effect in the presence of control mtRNA and DeMP RNA. Finally, human blood plasma RNA exhibits proinflammatory activity. These results provide new insights into the immunostimulation of mitochondrial RNA including its activity in human cells; identify human plasma RNA as proinflammatory; and provide further evidence that oxidized DeMP mtRNA acts as a sensitive and broad-spectrum sensor and regulator of mitochondrial oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Ilic
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - Abhinav R Saxena
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Sivakumar Periasamy
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Dana R Crawford
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stortz JA, Hawkins RB, Holden DC, Raymond SL, Wang Z, Brakenridge SC, Cuschieri J, Moore FA, Maier RV, Moldawer LL, Efron PA. Cell-free nuclear, but not mitochondrial, DNA concentrations correlate with the early host inflammatory response after severe trauma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13648. [PMID: 31541163 PMCID: PMC6754448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe blunt trauma is associated with an early ‘genomic storm’ which causes simultaneous up- and down-regulation of host protective immunity. Excessive inflammation can lead to organ injury. In the absence of infection, the inflammatory response is presumably driven by release of endogenous alarmins called danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which initiate immune responses through pattern-recognition receptors (PRR). Here we examined the relationship between concentrations of cell-free (cf) nuclear DNA (ncDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within 24 hours post trauma with circulating leukocyte transcriptomics and plasma IL-6 concentrations, as well as the patients’ clinical trajectories. In 104 patients enrolled from two level-1 trauma centers, ncDNA and mtDNA concentrations were increased within 24 hours of severe trauma, but only ncDNA concentrations correlated with leukocyte gene expression and outcomes. Surprisingly, ncDNA, not mtDNA concentrations, were significantly elevated in trauma patients who developed chronic critical illness versus rapid clinical recovery. Plasma IL-6 and leukocyte transcriptomics were better predictors of outcomes than cfDNA levels. Although mtDNA and ncDNA are significantly increased in the immediate post-trauma period, the dramatic inflammatory and gene expression changes seen after severe trauma are only weakly correlated with ncDNA concentrations, and more importantly, mtDNA concentrations are not associated with adverse clinical trajectories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Stortz
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Russell B Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - David C Holden
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Steven L Raymond
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Scott C Brakenridge
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Joseph Cuschieri
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Frederick A Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ronald V Maier
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Obesity, DNA Damage, and Development of Obesity-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051146. [PMID: 30845725 PMCID: PMC6429223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been recognized to increase the risk of such diseases as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. It indicates that obesity can impact genome stability. Oxidative stress and inflammation, commonly occurring in obesity, can induce DNA damage and inhibit DNA repair mechanisms. Accumulation of DNA damage can lead to an enhanced mutation rate and can alter gene expression resulting in disturbances in cell metabolism. Obesity-associated DNA damage can promote cancer growth by favoring cancer cell proliferation and migration, and resistance to apoptosis. Estimation of the DNA damage and/or disturbances in DNA repair could be potentially useful in the risk assessment and prevention of obesity-associated metabolic disorders as well as cancers. DNA damage in people with obesity appears to be reversible and both weight loss and improvement of dietary habits and diet composition can affect genome stability.
Collapse
|
36
|
Harmon DB, Wu C, Dedousis N, Sipula IJ, Stefanovic-Racic M, Schoiswohl G, O'Donnell CP, Alonso LC, Kershaw EE, Kelley EE, O'Doherty RM. Adipose tissue-derived free fatty acids initiate myeloid cell accumulation in mouse liver in states of lipid oversupply. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E758-E770. [PMID: 30086648 PMCID: PMC6293173 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00172.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of myeloid cells in the liver, notably dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes/macrophages (MCs), is a major component of the metainflammation of obesity. However, the mechanism(s) stimulating hepatic DC/MC infiltration remain ill defined. Herein, we addressed the hypothesis that adipose tissue (AT) free fatty acids (FFAs) play a central role in the initiation of hepatic DC/MC accumulation, using a number of mouse models of altered FFA supply to the liver. In two models of acute FFA elevation (lipid infusion and fasting) hepatic DC/MC and triglycerides (TGs) but not AT DC/MC were increased without altering plasma cytokines (PCs; TNFα and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) and with variable effects on oxidative stress (OxS) markers. However, fasting in mice with profoundly reduced AT lipolysis (AT-specific deletion of adipose TG lipase; AAKO) failed to elevate liver DC/MC, TG, or PC, but liver OxS increased. Livers of obese AAKO mice that are known to be resistant to steatosis were similarly protected from inflammation. In high-fat feeding studies of 1, 3, 6, or 20-wk duration, liver DC/MC accumulation dissociated from PC and OxS but tracked with liver TGs. Furthermore, decreasing OxS by ~80% in obese mice failed to decrease liver DC/MC. Therefore, FFA and more specifically AT-derived FFA stimulate hepatic DC/MC accumulation, thus recapitulating the pathology of the obese liver. In a number of cases the effects of FFA can be dissociated from OxS and PC but match well with liver TG, a marker of FFA oversupply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Harmon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Nikolaos Dedousis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian J Sipula
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maja Stefanovic-Racic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher P O'Donnell
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Massachusetts , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Robert M O'Doherty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Haro Chávez NL, de Avila ED, Barbugli PA, de Oliveira RC, de Foggi CC, Longo E, Vergani CE. Promising effects of silver tungstate microcrystals on fibroblast human cells and three dimensional collagen matrix models: A novel non-cytotoxic material to fight oral disease. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 170:505-513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
38
|
McGarry T, Biniecka M, Veale DJ, Fearon U. Hypoxia, oxidative stress and inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 125:15-24. [PMID: 29601945 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory Arthritis is characterized by synovial proliferation, neovascularization and leukocyte extravasation leading to joint destruction and functional disability. Efficiency of oxygen supply to the synovium is poor due to the highly dysregulated synovial microvasculature. This along with the increased energy demands of activated infiltrating immune cells and inflamed resident cells leads to an hypoxic microenvironment and mitochondrial dysfunction. This favors an increase of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative damage which further promotes inflammation. In this adverse microenvironment synovial cells adapt to generate energy and switch their cell metabolism from a resting regulatory state to a highly metabolically active state which allows them to produce essential building blocks to support their proliferation. This metabolic shift results in the accumulation of metabolic intermediates which act as signaling molecules that further dictate the inflammatory response. Understanding the complex interplay between hypoxia-induced signaling pathways, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function will provide better insight into the underlying mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trudy McGarry
- The Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Monika Biniecka
- The Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Douglas J Veale
- The Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ursula Fearon
- The Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mitochondrial DNA as an inflammatory mediator in cardiovascular diseases. Biochem J 2018; 475:839-852. [PMID: 29511093 PMCID: PMC5840331 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in multiple cellular functions, including energy production, calcium homeostasis, and cell death. Currently, growing evidence indicates the vital roles of mitochondria in triggering and maintaining inflammation. Chronic inflammation without microbial infection — termed sterile inflammation — is strongly involved in the development of heart failure. Sterile inflammation is triggered by the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that sense endogenous ligands called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Mitochondria release multiple DAMPs including mitochondrial DNA, peptides, and lipids, which induce inflammation via the stimulation of multiple PRRs. Among the mitochondrial DAMPs, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is currently highlighted as the DAMP that mediates the activation of multiple PRRs, including Toll-like receptor 9, Nod-like receptors, and cyclic GMP–AMP synthetase/stimulator of interferon gene pathways. These PRR signalling pathways, in turn, lead to the activation of nuclear factor-κB and interferon regulatory factor, which enhances the transcriptional activity of inflammatory cytokines and interferons, and induces the recruitment of inflammatory cells. As the heart is an organ comprising abundant mitochondria for its ATP consumption (needed to maintain constant cyclic contraction and relaxation), the generation of massive amounts of mitochondrial radical oxygen species and mitochondrial DAMPs are predicted to occur and promote cardiac inflammation. Here, we will focus on the role of mtDNA in cardiac inflammation and review the mechanism and pathological significance of mtDNA-induced inflammatory responses in cardiac diseases.
Collapse
|
40
|
Chernikov AV, Gudkov SV, Usacheva AM, Bruskov VI. Exogenous 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine: Biomedical properties, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917130089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
41
|
Endogenous DAMPs, Category I: Constitutively Expressed, Native Molecules (Cat. I DAMPs). DAMAGE-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS IN HUMAN DISEASES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7122936 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78655-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This chapter provides the reader with a collection of endogenous DAMPs in terms of constitutively expressed native molecules. The first class of this category refers to DAMPs, which are passively released from necrotic cells, and includes the most prominent subclasses of high mobility group box I and heat shock proteins. Further subclasses of DAMPs that are passively released from necrotic cells include S100 proteins, nucleic acids, histones, pro-forms of interleukin-1-family members, mitochondria-derived N-formylated peptides, F-actin, and heme. A particular subclass of these passively released DAMPs are molecules, which indirectly activate the inflammasome, including adenosine-5′-triphosphate, monosodium urate crystals, cholesterol crystals, some lipolytic species, and beta-amyloid. All these passively released DAMPs are characterized by their capability to promote necroinflammatory responses. The second class of this Category I refers to molecules, which are exposed on the surface of stressed cells. They include the subclass of phagocytosis-facilitating molecules such as calreticulin, as well as the subclass of MHC-I-related molecules such as MHC-I-related molecule A and B. These DAMPs are capable of inducing the activation of innate lymphoid cells and unconventional T cells. One of these DAMPs, the major histocompatibility complex I-related molecule A, is shown to act as a bona fide transplantation antigen. In sum, the endogenous constitutively expressed native molecules represent an impressive category of DAMPs with extraordinary properties, which play a critical role in the pathogenesis of many human diseases.
Collapse
|
42
|
West AP. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a trigger of innate immune responses and inflammation. Toxicology 2017; 391:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
43
|
Hao S, Fu R, Wang H, Shao Z. Screening novel autoantigens targeted by serum IgG autoantibodies in immunorelated pancytopenia by SEREX. Int J Hematol 2017; 106:622-630. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
44
|
Mitochondrial DNA in innate immune responses and inflammatory pathology. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:363-375. [PMID: 28393922 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) - which is well known for its role in oxidative phosphorylation and maternally inherited mitochondrial diseases - is increasingly recognized as an agonist of the innate immune system that influences antimicrobial responses and inflammatory pathology. On entering the cytoplasm, extracellular space or circulation, mtDNA can engage multiple pattern-recognition receptors in cell-type- and context-dependent manners to trigger pro-inflammatory and type I interferon responses. Here, we review the expanding research field of mtDNA in innate immune responses to highlight new mechanistic insights and discuss the physiological and pathological relevance of this exciting area of mitochondrial biology.
Collapse
|
45
|
Saxena AR, Gao LY, Srivatsa S, Bobersky EZ, Periasamy S, Hunt DT, Altman KE, Crawford DR. Oxidized and Original article degraded mitochondrial polynucleotides (DeMPs), especially RNA, are potent immunogenic regulators in primary mouse macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:371-379. [PMID: 28179110 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Certain mitochondrial components can act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or danger signals, triggering a proinflammatory response in target (usually immune) cells. We previously reported the selective degradation of mitochondrial DNA and RNA in response to cellular oxidative stress, and the immunogenic effect of this DNA in primary mouse astrocytes. Here, we extend these studies to assess the immunogenic role of both mitochondrial DNA and RNA isolated from hydrogen peroxide (HP) treated HA1 cells (designated "DeMPs" for degraded mitochondrial polynucleotides) using mouse bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs), a conventional immune cell type. DeMPs and control mitochondrial DNA (cont mtDNA) and RNA (cont mtRNA) were transfected into BMDMs and cell-free media analyzed for the presence of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1, and TNFα) and Type I interferon (IFN-α and IFN-β). Cont mtDNA induced IL-6 and MCP-1 production, and this effect was even greater with DeMP DNA. A similar response was observed for Type I interferons. An even stronger induction of proinflammatory cytokine and type 1 interferons was observed for cont mtRNA. However, contrary to DeMP DNA, DeMP RNA attenuated rather than potentiated the cont mtRNA cytokine inductions. This attenuation effect was not accompanied by an IL-10 or TGFβ anti-inflammatory response. All DeMP effects were observed at multiple oxidant concentrations. Finally, DeMP production and immunogenicity overlaps with cellular adaptive response and so may contribute to cellular oxidant protection. These results provide new insight into the immunogenicity of mitochondrial polynucleotides, and identify new roles and selective consequences of cellular oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav R Saxena
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Linda Y Gao
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Shachi Srivatsa
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Elizabeth Z Bobersky
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Sivakumar Periasamy
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Danielle T Hunt
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Kyle E Altman
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Dana R Crawford
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Boyapati RK, Tamborska A, Dorward DA, Ho GT. Advances in the understanding of mitochondrial DNA as a pathogenic factor in inflammatory diseases. F1000Res 2017; 6:169. [PMID: 28299196 PMCID: PMC5321122 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10397.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has many similarities with bacterial DNA because of their shared common ancestry. Increasing evidence demonstrates mtDNA to be a potent danger signal that is recognised by the innate immune system and can directly modulate the inflammatory response. In humans, elevated circulating mtDNA is found in conditions with significant tissue injury such as trauma and sepsis and increasingly in chronic organ-specific and systemic illnesses such as steatohepatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In this review, we examine our current understanding of mtDNA-mediated inflammation and how the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and mtDNA release represent exciting and previously under-recognised important factors in many human inflammatory diseases, offering many new translational opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ray K Boyapati
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK; Department of Gastroenterology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Arina Tamborska
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David A Dorward
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Gwo-Tzer Ho
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the prototypic systemic autoimmune disease, follows a chronic disease course, punctuated by flares. Disease flares often occur without apparent cause, perhaps from progressive inherent buildup of autoimmunity. However, there is evidence that certain environmental factors may trigger the disease. These include exposure to UV light, infections, certain hormones, and drugs which may activate the innate and adaptive immune system, resulting in inflammation, cytotoxic effects, and clinical symptoms. Uncontrolled disease flares, as well as their treatment, especially with glucocorticoids, can cause significant organ damage. Tight surveillance and timely control of lupus flares with judicial use of effective treatments to adequately suppress the excessive immune system activation are required to bring about long term remission of the disease. We hope that new clinical trials will soon offer additional effective and target-specific biologic treatments for SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Fernandez
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Kyriakos A Kirou
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mendonça R, Silveira AAA, Conran N. Red cell DAMPs and inflammation. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:665-78. [PMID: 27251171 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular hemolysis, or the destruction of red blood cells in the circulation, can occur in numerous diseases, including the acquired hemolytic anemias, sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia, as well as during some transfusion reactions, preeclampsia and infections, such as those caused by malaria or Clostridium perfringens. Hemolysis results in the release of large quantities of red cell damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) into the circulation, which, if not neutralized by innate protective mechanisms, have the potential to activate multiple inflammatory pathways. One of the major red cell DAMPs, heme, is able to activate converging inflammatory pathways, such as toll-like receptor signaling, neutrophil extracellular trap formation and inflammasome formation, suggesting that this DAMP both activates and amplifies inflammation. Other potent DAMPs that may be released by the erythrocytes upon their rupture include heat shock proteins (Hsp), such as Hsp70, interleukin-33 and Adenosine 5' triphosphate. As such, hemolysis represents a major inflammatory mechanism that potentially contributes to the clinical manifestations that have been associated with the hemolytic diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension and leg ulcers, and likely plays a role in specific complications of sickle cell disease such as endothelial activation, vaso-occlusive processes and tissue injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Mendonça
- Hematology Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Angélica A A Silveira
- Hematology Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Nicola Conran
- Hematology Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction and synovial invasiveness in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12:385-97. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
50
|
Boyapati RK, Rossi AG, Satsangi J, Ho GT. Gut mucosal DAMPs in IBD: from mechanisms to therapeutic implications. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:567-82. [PMID: 26931062 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released during tissue damage and have increasingly recognized roles in the etiology of many human diseases. The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are immune-mediated conditions where high levels of DAMPs are observed. DAMPs such as calprotectin (S100A8/9) have an established clinical role as a biomarker in IBD. In this review, we use IBD as an archetypal common chronic inflammatory disease to focus on the conceptual and evidential importance of DAMPs in pathogenesis and why DAMPs represent an entirely new class of targets for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Boyapati
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.,Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A G Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Satsangi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G-T Ho
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.,Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|