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Fedorova MV, Voznesensky VI, Sosnova EA, Proskurnina EV. Activity of NAD(P)H-Oxidoreductases in Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1052. [PMID: 38791014 PMCID: PMC11117946 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important and controversial role in carcinogenesis. Microsomal redox chains containing NADH- and NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases are among the main sites of intracellular ROS synthesis, but their role in the oxidative balance has not been fully studied. Here, we studied the activity of cytochrome b5 reductase (CYB5R) and cytochrome P450 reductase (CYPOR) in ovarian cancer tissues and cells isolated from peritoneal fluid, along with the antioxidant capacity of peritoneal fluid. We used the developed a chemiluminescence assay based on stimulation with NADH and NADPH, which reflects the activity of CYB5R and CYPOR, respectively. The activity of CYB5R and CYPOR was significantly higher in moderately and poorly differentiated ovarian adenocarcinomas compared with well-differentiated adenocarcinomas and cystadenomas. For the chemotherapy-resistant tumors, the activity of tissue CYB5R and CYPOR was lower compared to the non-resistant tumors. In the peritoneal fluid, the antioxidant capacity significantly increased in this series, benign tumors < well-differentiated < moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, so the antioxidant excess was observed for moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. The antioxidant capacity of peritoneal fluid and the activity of CYB5R and CYPOR of cells isolated from peritoneal fluid were characterized by a direct moderate correlation for moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. These results indicate the significant role of NAD(P)H oxidoreductases and the antioxidant potential of peritoneal fluid in cancer biochemistry. The parameters studied are useful for diagnostics and prognostics. The developed assay can be used to analyze CYB5R and CYPOR activity in other tissues and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Fedorova
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 111123 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Elena A. Sosnova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 1, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia;
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Mokhtarpour N, Sterling A, Garcia JJ, Gutierrez-Rivera L, Senevirathne P, Luisa Kadekaro A, Merino EJ. Identification of a Noxo1 inhibitor by addition of a polyethylene glycol chain. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 85:117274. [PMID: 37031566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a heterogeneous group of highly reactive ions and molecules derived from molecular oxygen (O2) which can cause DNA damage and lead to skin cancer. NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) is a major producer of ROS in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet light. Functionally, Nox1 forms a holoenzyme complex that generates two superoxide molecules and reduces NADPH. The signaling activation occurs when the organizer subunit Noxo1 translocates to the plasma membrane bringing a cytochrome p450, through interaction with Cyba. We propose to design inhibitors that prevent Cyba-Noxo1 binding as a topical application to reduce UV-generated ROS in human skin cells. Design started from an apocynin backbone structure to generate a small molecule to serve as an anchor point. The initial compound was then modified by addition of a polyethylene glycol linked biotin. Both inhibitors were found to be non-toxic in human keratinocyte cells. Further in vitro experiments using isothermal calorimetric binding quantification showed the modified biotinylated compound bound Noxo1 peptide with a KD of 2 nM. Both using isothermal calorimetric binding and MALDI (TOF) MS showed that binding of a Cyba peptide to Noxo1 was blocked. In vivo experiments were performed using donated skin explants with topical application of the two inhibitors. Experiments show that ultraviolet light exposure of with the lead compound was able to reduce the amount of cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers in DNA, a molecule known to lead to carcinogenesis. Further synthesis showed that the polyethylene glycol but not the biotin was essential for inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Mokhtarpour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Alyssa Sterling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joshua J Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Education, California Health Science University, Clovis, CA, United States
| | - Laura Gutierrez-Rivera
- Department of Biomedical Education, California Health Science University, Clovis, CA, United States
| | - Prasadini Senevirathne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ana Luisa Kadekaro
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Edward J Merino
- Department of Biomedical Education, California Health Science University, Clovis, CA, United States
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Malacarne PF, Bezzenberger J, Lopez M, Warwick T, Müller N, Brandes RP, Rezende F. Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid and Prostanoid Crosstalk at the Receptor and Intracellular Signaling Levels to Maintain Vascular Tone. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115939. [PMID: 35682616 PMCID: PMC9180422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are signaling lipids produced by the cytochrome P450-(CYP450)-mediated epoxygenation of arachidonic acid. EETs have numerous biological effects on the vascular system, but aspects including their species specificity make their effects on vascular tone controversial. CYP450 enzymes require the 450-reductase (POR) for their activity. We set out to determine the contribution of endothelial CYP450 to murine vascular function using isolated aortic ring preparations from tamoxifen-inducible endothelial cell-specific POR knockout mice (ecPOR-/-). Constrictor responses to phenylephrine were similar between control (CTR) and ecPOR-/- mice. Contrastingly, sensitivity to the thromboxane receptor agonist U46619 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was increased following the deletion of POR. Ex vivo incubation with a non-hydrolyzable EET (14,15-EE-8(Z)-E, EEZE) reversed the increased sensitivity to U46619 to the levels of CTR. EETs had no effect on vascular tone in phenylephrine-preconstricted vessels, but dilated vessels contracted with U46619 or PGE2. As U46619 acts through RhoA-dependent kinase, this system was analyzed. The deletion of POR affected the expression of genes in this pathway and the inhibition of Rho-GTPase with SAR407899 decreased sensitivity to U46619. These data suggest that EET and prostanoid crosstalk at the receptor level and that lack of EET production sensitizes vessels to vasoconstriction via the induction of the Rho kinase system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Felipe Malacarne
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.F.M.); (J.B.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (N.M.); (R.P.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Justus Bezzenberger
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.F.M.); (J.B.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (N.M.); (R.P.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Melina Lopez
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.F.M.); (J.B.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (N.M.); (R.P.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Timothy Warwick
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.F.M.); (J.B.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (N.M.); (R.P.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Niklas Müller
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.F.M.); (J.B.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (N.M.); (R.P.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf P. Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.F.M.); (J.B.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (N.M.); (R.P.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Flávia Rezende
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.F.M.); (J.B.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (N.M.); (R.P.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-6996; Fax: +49-69-6301-7668
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Malacarne PF, Ratiu C, Gajos-Draus A, Müller N, Lopez M, Pflüger-Müller B, Ding X, Warwick T, Oo J, Siragusa M, Angioni C, Günther S, Weigert A, Geißlinger G, Lütjohann D, Schunck WH, Fleming I, Brandes RP, Rezende F. Loss of Endothelial Cytochrome P450 Reductase Induces Vascular Dysfunction in Mice. Hypertension 2022; 79:1216-1226. [PMID: 35354305 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND POR (cytochrome P450 reductase) provides electrons for the catalytic activity of the CYP (cytochrome P450) monooxygenases. CYPs are dual-function enzymes as they generate protective vasoactive mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids but also reactive oxygen species. It is not known in which conditions the endothelial POR/CYP system is beneficial versus deleterious. Here, the activity of all CYP enzymes was eliminated in the vascular endothelium to examine its impact on vascular function. METHODS An endothelial-specific, tamoxifen-inducible POR knockout mouse (ecPOR-/-) was generated. Vascular function was studied by organ chamber experiments. eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) activity was accessed by heavy arginine/citrulline LC-MS/MS detection and phosphorylation of serine1177 in aortic rings. CYP-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and prostanoids were measured by LC-MS/MS. Gene expression of aorta and endothelial cells was profiled by RNA sequencing. Blood pressure was measured by telemetry. RESULTS Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation was attenuated in isolated vessels of ecPOR-/- as compared with control mice. Additionally, ecPOR-/- mice had attenuated eNOS activity and eNOS/AKT phosphorylation. POR deletion reduced endothelial stores of CYP-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids but increased vascular prostanoids. This phenomenon was paralleled by the induction of genes implicated in eicosanoid generation. In response to Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion, blood pressure increased significantly more in ecPOR-/- mice. Importantly, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor Naproxen selectively lowered the Ang II-induced hypertension in ecPOR-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS POR expression in endothelial cells maintains eNOS activity and its loss results in an overactivation of the vasoconstrictor prostanoid system. Through these mechanisms, loss of endothelial POR induces vascular dysfunction and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Felipe Malacarne
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Corina Ratiu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Anna Gajos-Draus
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,National Science Centre, Poland (A.G.-D.)
| | - Niklas Müller
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Melina Lopez
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Beatrice Pflüger-Müller
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson (X.D.)
| | - Timothy Warwick
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - James Oo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Mauro Siragusa
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (M.S., I.F.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (C.A., G.G.)
| | - Stefan Günther
- Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Max Planck Institute, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (A.W.)
| | - Gerd Geißlinger
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (C.A., G.G.)
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany (D.L.)
| | | | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (M.S., I.F.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Flávia Rezende
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
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Kendrick DJ, Mishra RC, John CM, Zhu HL, Braun AP. Effects of Pharmacological Inhibitors of NADPH Oxidase on Myogenic Contractility and Evoked Vasoactive Responses in Rat Resistance Arteries. Front Physiol 2022; 12:752366. [PMID: 35140625 PMCID: PMC8818784 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, are reported to contribute to the dynamic regulation of contractility in various arterial preparations, however, the situation in pressurized, myogenically active resistance arteries is much less clear. In the present study, we have utilized established pharmacological inhibitors of NADPH oxidase activity to examine the potential contribution of ROS to intrinsic myogenic contractility in adult Sprague–Dawley rat resistance arteries and responses to vasoactive agents acting via the endothelium (i.e., acetylcholine, SKA-31) or smooth muscle (i.e., sodium nitroprusside, phenylephrine). In cannulated and pressurized cremaster skeletal muscle and middle cerebral arteries, the NOX inhibitors 2-acetylphenothiazine (2-APT) and VAS2870, selective for NOX1 and NOX2, respectively, evoked concentration-dependent inhibition of basal myogenic tone in a reversible and irreversible manner, respectively, whereas the non-selective inhibitor apocynin augmented myogenic contractility. The vasodilatory actions of 2-APT and VAS2870 occurred primarily via the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle, respectively. Functional responses to established endothelium-dependent and –independent vasoactive agents were largely unaltered in the presence of either 2-APT or apocynin. In cremaster arteries from Type 2 Diabetic (T2D) Goto-Kakizaki rats with endothelial dysfunction, treatment with either 2-APT or apocynin did not modify stimulus-evoked vasoactive responses, but did affect basal myogenic tone. These same NOX inhibitors produced robust inhibition of total NADPH oxidase activity in aortic tissue homogenates from control and T2D rats, and NOX isozymes 1, 2 and 4, along with superoxide dismutase 1, were detected by qPCR in cremaster arteries and aorta from both species. Based on the diverse effects that we observed for established, chemically distinct NOX inhibitors, the functional contribution of vascular NADPH oxidase activity to stimulus-evoked vasoactive signaling in myogenically active, small resistance arteries remains unclear.
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Proskurnina E, Portnova G, Ivanova M, Sokolova S. Chemiluminescence analysis of saliva for the assessment of emotional stress in autistic children undergoing a medical examination. ADVANCES IN AUTISM 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/aia-09-2020-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
An electroencephalography (EEG) examination may cause psychological stress in children with autism that can interfere with the examination results. The objective information on the presence or absence of psycho-emotional stress in patients can help interpret electroencephalograms. This paper aimed to demonstrate the potential of noninvasive objective diagnostics of emotional stress in autistic children undergoing an EEG examination based on analysis of saliva.
Design/methodology/approach
This study involved 19 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (ICD-10 F84.0); the mean age was seven years. During EEG examination of the children, behavioral parameters were assessed. The activity of cytochrome P450 reductase (CYPOR) in saliva was measured before and after the EEG procedure using lucigenin-enhanced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-stimulated chemiluminescence assay.
Findings
Significant differences in CYPOR activity were found between the children who were distressed during an EEG examination and the children without behavioral disturbances (Mann–Whitney test, p = 0.002). Thus, the EEG examination resulted in an increase in CYPOR activity in saliva cells, which may prove the stressful effect of this procedure on autistic children.
Originality/value
The chemiluminescent indices reflecting the activity of microsomal CYPOR in cells presenting in saliva correlate with the absence or presence of psychological stress in children; this phenomenon can be explained by an increased metabolism of the stress hormone, cortisol, by the cytochrome P450 microsomal system. Furthermore, the proposed method is completely safe, noninvasive, rapid (recording time is 20 min), inexpensive and promising for an objective assessment of psycho-emotional stress in autistic children undergoing medical examinations.
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Schulz C, Jung F, Küpper JH. Inhibition of phase-1 biotransformation and cytostatic effects of diphenyleneiodonium on hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 and a CYP3A4-overexpressing HepG2 cell clone. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 79:231-243. [PMID: 34487034 PMCID: PMC8609703 DOI: 10.3233/ch-219117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based in vitro liver models are an important tool in the development and evaluation of new drugs in pharmacological and toxicological drug assessment. Hepatic microsomal enzyme complexes, consisting of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), play a decisive role in catalysing phase-1 biotransformation of pharmaceuticals and xenobiotics. For a comprehensive understanding of the phase-1 biotransformation of drugs, the availability of well-characterized substances for the targeted modulation of in vitro liver models is essential. In this study, we investigated diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) for its ability to inhibit phase-1 enzyme activity and further its toxicological profile in an in vitro HepG2 cell model with and without recombinant expression of the most important drug metabolization enzyme CYP3A4. Aim of the study was to identify effective DPI concentrations for CPR/CYP activity modulation and potentially associated dose and time dependent hepatotoxic effects. The cells were treated with DPI doses up to 5,000nM (versus vehicle control) for a maximum of 48 h and subsequently examined for CYP3A4 activity as well as various toxicological relevant parameters such as cell morphology, integrity and viability, intracellular ATP level, and proliferation. Concluding, the experiments revealed a time- and concentration-dependent DPI mediated partial and complete inhibition of CYP3A4 activity in CYP3A4 overexpressing HepG2-cells (HepG2-CYP3A4). Other cell functions, including ATP synthesis and consequently the proliferation were negatively affected in both in vitro cell models. Since neither cell integrity nor cell viability were reduced, the effect of DPI in HepG2 can be assessed as cytostatic rather than cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schulz
- Fraunhofer Project Group PZ-Syn, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany, located at the Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Jung
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Heiner Küpper
- Fraunhofer Project Group PZ-Syn, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany, located at the Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
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8
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Proskurnina EV, Fedorova MV, Sozarukova MM, Mitichkin AE, Panteleev IV, Svetlov EV. Microsomal reductase activity in patients with thyroid neoplasms. Endocrine 2021; 72:735-743. [PMID: 33011882 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytochrome b5-reductase (CYB5R) and cytochrome P450 reductase (CYPOR) are important for cell metabolism; however, their role in thyroid hormonogenesis and carcinogenesis has not been elucidated yet. The activity of CYB5R correlates with the metastasis in breast cancer, but there are no similar studies for CYB5R and CYPOR for thyroid tumors. The aim of this study was to elucidate the activity of CYB5R and CYPOR changes in benign euthyroid and hyperthyroid neoplasms and in papillary thyroid cancer for their potential application as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis prediction of thyroid cancer. METHODS Thirty-six patients with thyroid diseases participated in the study. The control euthyroid nodular goiter group included ten patients; the thyrotoxic nodular or diffuse goiter group included 14 patients; the papillary thyroid cancer T1-2N0-1M0 (PTC) group included 12 patients. The activity of CYB5R and CYPOR was assessed with lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence stimulated by NADH and NADPH, respectively. RESULTS Compared to the control euthyroid nodular goiter group, activity of CYB5R and CYPOR increased ~5 and 10 times, respectively, in toxic goiter, and 15 and 30 times, respectively, in half of cases of PTC. The change in activity of CYPOR was more pronounced compared to CYB5R. Within the PTC group, the subgroups with low and high activities of microsomal reductases were identified. Microsomal reductases in follicular adenoma was 2-4-fold less active compared to the euthyroid nodular goiter and the low-activity PTC group. CONCLUSIONS Activity of tissue microsomal reductases varies in thyroid pathology and can be considered as a promising biomarker for differential diagnostics of benign and malignant thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria V Fedorova
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Madina M Sozarukova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Igor V Panteleev
- Inozemtsev City Clinical Hospital of Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Svetlov
- Inozemtsev City Clinical Hospital of Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russia
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Greenberg HZE, Zhao G, Shah AM, Zhang M. Role of oxidative stress in calcific aortic valve disease and its therapeutic implications. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1433-1451. [PMID: 33881501 PMCID: PMC9074995 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the end result of active cellular processes that lead to the progressive fibrosis and calcification of aortic valve leaflets. In western populations, CAVD is a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and in the absence of effective drugs, it will likely represent an increasing disease burden as populations age. As there are currently no pharmacological therapies available for preventing, treating, or slowing the development of CAVD, understanding the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of the disease is important for identifying novel therapeutic targets. Recent evidence has emerged of an important causative role for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of CAVD, inducing the differentiation of valve interstitial cells into myofibroblasts and then osteoblasts. In this review, we focus on the roles and sources of ROS driving CAVD and consider their potential as novel therapeutic targets for this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Z E Greenberg
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Min Zhang
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
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10
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Abstract
The stereotype of ROS produced by NADPH oxidases as cause of malignant diseases persists in a generalized manner. In fact, high levels of ROS formation could be harmful in the context of a disease process. This study demonstrates that loss of the NADPH oxidase Nox4, as a constitutive source of ROS, promotes cancerogen-induced formation of solid tumors. Accordingly, a certain tonic, constitutive low level of Nox4-derived hydrogen peroxide appears to reduce the risk of cancerogen-induced tumor formation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause cellular damage and promote cancer development. Besides such harmful consequences of overproduction of ROS, all cells utilize ROS for signaling purposes and stabilization of cell homeostasis. In particular, the latter is supported by the NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) that constitutively produces low amounts of H2O2. By that mechanism, Nox4 forces differentiation of cells and prevents inflammation. We hypothesize a constitutive low level of H2O2 maintains basal activity of cellular surveillance systems and is unlikely to be cancerogenic. Utilizing two different murine models of cancerogen-induced solid tumors, we found that deletion of Nox4 promotes tumor formation and lowers recognition of DNA damage. Nox4 supports phosphorylation of H2AX (γH2AX), a prerequisite of DNA damage recognition, by retaining a sufficiently low abundance of the phosphatase PP2A in the nucleus. The underlying mechanism is continuous oxidation of AKT by Nox4. Interaction of oxidized AKT and PP2A captures the phosphatase in the cytosol. Absence of Nox4 facilitates nuclear PP2A translocation and dephosphorylation of γH2AX. Simultaneously AKT is left phosphorylated. Thus, in the absence of Nox4, DNA damage is not recognized and the increased activity of AKT supports proliferation. The combination of both events results in genomic instability and promotes tumor formation. By identifying Nox4 as a protective source of ROS in cancerogen-induced cancer, we provide a piece of knowledge for understanding the role of moderate production of ROS in preventing the initiation of malignancies.
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11
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Heintze T, Klein K, Hofmann U, Zanger UM. Differential effects on human cytochromes P450 by CRISPR/Cas9-induced genetic knockout of cytochrome P450 reductase and cytochrome b5 in HepaRG cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1000. [PMID: 33441761 PMCID: PMC7806635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HepaRG cells are increasingly accepted as model for human drug metabolism and other hepatic functions. We used lentiviral transduction of undifferentiated HepaRG cells to deliver Cas9 and two alternative sgRNAs targeted at NADPH:cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR), the obligate electron donor for microsomal cytochromes P450 (CYP). Cas9-expressing HepaRGVC (vector control) cells were phenotypically similar to wild type HepaRG cells and could be differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells by DMSO. Genetic POR-knockout resulted in phenotypic POR knockdown of up to 90% at mRNA, protein, and activity levels. LC–MS/MS measurement of seven CYP-activities showed differential effects of POR-knockdown with CYP2C8 being least and CYP2C9 being most affected. Further studies on cytochrome b5 (CYB5), an alternative NADH-dependent electron donor indicated particularly strong support of CYP2C8-dependent amodiaquine N-deethylation by CYB5 and this was confirmed by genetic CYB5 single- and POR/CYB5 double-knockout. POR-knockdown also affected CYP expression on mRNA and protein level, with CYP1A2 being induced severalfold, while CYP2C9 was strongly downregulated. In summary our results show that POR/NADPH- and CYB5/NADH-electron transport systems influence human drug metabolizing CYPs differentially and differently than mouse Cyps. Our Cas9-expressing HepaRGVC cells should be suitable to study the influence of diverse genes on drug metabolism and other hepatic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Heintze
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Klein
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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12
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Role of Non-coding RNA in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:181-195. [PMID: 32285412 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic population worldwide, characteristic by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis and myocardial interstitial fibrosis and eventually developing into heart failure. Non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and other RNAs without the protein encoding function were emerging as a popular regulator in various types of processes during human diseases. The evidences have shown that miRNAs are regulators in diabetic cardiomyopathy, such as insulin resistance, cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and inflammatory, especially their protective effect on heart function. Besides that, the functions of lncRNAs and circRNAs have been gradually confirmed in recent years, and their functions in DCM have become increasingly prominent. We highlighted the nonnegligible roles of non-coding RNAs in the pathological process of DCM and showed the future possibilities of these non-coding RNAs in DCM treatment. In this chapter, we summarized the present advance of the researches in this filed and raised the concern and the prospect in the future.
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13
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Rajaram RD, Dissard R, Jaquet V, de Seigneux S. Potential benefits and harms of NADPH oxidase type 4 in the kidneys and cardiovascular system. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:567-576. [PMID: 29931336 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main function of NADPH oxidases is to catalyse the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is expressed at high levels in kidney tubular cells, and at lower levels in endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes and other cell types under physiological conditions. NOX4 is constitutively active producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the prevalent ROS detected, whereas other NOX isoforms present in the renal and cardiovascular systems (i.e. NOX1, NOX2 and NOX5) generate superoxide radical anions as main products. Pharmacological inhibition of NOX4 has received enormous attention for its potential therapeutic benefit in fibrotic disease and nephropathologies. Ongoing clinical trials are testing this approach in humans. Diabetes elevates NOX4 expression in podocytes and mesangial cells, which was shown to damage glomeruli leading to podocyte loss, mesangial cell hypertrophy and matrix accumulation. Consequently, NOX4 represents an interesting therapeutic target in diabetic nephropathy. On the contrary, experiments using NOX4-deficient mice have shown that NOX4 is cytoprotective in tubular cells, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, and has a metabolism-regulating role when these cells are subjected to injury. Mice with systemic NOX4 deletion are more susceptible to acute and chronic tubular injury, heart failure and atherosclerosis. Overall, the current literature suggests a detrimental role of increased NOX4 expression in mesangial cells and podocytes during diabetic nephropathy, but a cytoprotective role of this enzyme in other cellular types where it is expressed endogenously. We review here the recent evidence on the role of NOX4 in the kidneys and cardiovascular system. With the emergence of pharmacological NOX4 inhibitors in clinical trials, caution should be taken in identifying potential side effects in patients prone to acute kidney injury and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuga D Rajaram
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Service of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romain Dissard
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Service of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Service of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine Specialties and Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Liu H, Wang L, Pan Y, Wang X, Ding Y, Zhou C, Shah AM, Zhao G, Zhang M. Celastrol Alleviates Aortic Valve Calcification Via Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase 2 in Valvular Interstitial Cells. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 5:35-49. [PMID: 32043019 PMCID: PMC7000868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species–generating enzyme Nox2 is up-regulated in the leaflets of both rabbit and human with CAVD. Nox2 is markedly induced in cultured porcine AVICs after osteogenic stimulation. Knockdown of endogenous Nox2 substantially suppressed AVIC calcification. Celastrol, a natural compound capable of inhibiting Nox2 activity, significantly decreased AVIC calcification in vitro, and mitigated the severity of aortic valve fibrosis, calcification, and stenosis in a rabbit model of CAVD in vivo. The protective effects of celastrol may, in part, involve the inhibition of Nox2-mediated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta/β-catenin pathway.
This study sought to investigate whether reactive oxygen species (ROS)–generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (Nox2) contributes to calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) or whether celastrol, a natural Nox2 inhibitor, may provide potential therapeutic target for CAVD. CAVD is an active and cellular-driven fibrocalcific process characterized by differentiation of aortic valvular interstitial cells (AVICs) toward an osteogenic-like phenotype. ROS levels increase in calcified aortic valves, while the sources of ROS and their roles in the pathogenesis of CAVD are elusive. The roles of Nox2 and the effects of celastrol were studied using cultured porcine AVICs in vitro and a rabbit CAVD model in vivo. Nox2 proteins were significantly upregulated in human aortic valves with CAVD. In vitro, Nox2 was markedly induced upon stimulation of AVICs with osteogenic medium, along with the increases in ROS production and calcium nodule formation. Celastrol significantly decreased calcium deposition of AVICs by 35%, with a reduction of ROS generation. Knockdown of endogenous Nox2 substantially suppressed AVIC calcification by 39%, the inhibitory effect being similar to celastrol treatment. Mechanistically, either celastrol treatment or knockdown of Nox2 significantly inhibited glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta/β-catenin signaling, leading to attenuation of fibrogenic and osteogenic responses of AVICs. In a rabbit CAVD model, administration of celastrol significantly reduced aortic valve ROS production, fibrosis, calcification, and severity of aortic stenosis, with less left ventricular dilatation and better preserved contractile function. Upregulation of Nox2 is critically involved in CAVD. Celastrol is effective to alleviate CAVD, likely through the inhibition of Nox2-mediated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta/β-catenin pathway in AVICs.
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Key Words
- AV, aortic valve
- AVIC, aortic valvular interstitial cell
- CAVD, calcific aortic valve disease
- GSK3B, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
- HC, high cholesterol
- LV, left ventricular
- Nox2
- Nox2, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2
- OGM, osteogenic medium
- OPN, osteopontin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Runx2, runt-related transcription factor 2
- fibrosis
- reactive oxygen species
- stenosis
- tripterine
- valve interstitial cells
- vitD2, vitamin D2
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Yating Pan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Xuehui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Chaoyuan Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Heart Center of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Zhang WX, Tai GJ, Li XX, Xu M. Inhibition of neointima hyperplasia by the combined therapy of linagliptin and metformin via AMPK/Nox4 signaling in diabetic rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:153-163. [PMID: 31369842 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neointima hyperplasia is the pathological basis of atherosclerosis and restenosis which have been associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). It is controversial for linagliptin and metformin to protect against vascular neointimal hyperplasia caused by DM. Given the combined therapy of linagliptin and metformin in clinical practice, we investigated whether the combination therapy inhibited neointimal hyperplasia in the carotid artery in diabetic rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Neointima hyperplasia in the carotid artery was induced by balloon-injury in the rats fed with high fat diet (HFD) combined with low dose streptozotocin (STZ) administration. In vitro, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with high glucose (HG, 30 mM) and the proliferation, migration, apoptosis and collagen deposition were analyzed in VSMCs. We found that the combined therapy, not the monotherapy of linagliptin and metformin significantly inhibited the neointima hyperplasia and improved the endothelium-independent contraction in the balloon-injured cardia artery of diabetic rats, which was associated with the inhibition of superoxide (O2-.) production in the cardia artery. In vitro, HG-induced VSMC remodeling was shown as the remarkable upregulation of PCNA, collagan1, MMP-9, Bcl-2 and migration rate as well as the decreased apoptosis rate. Such abnormal changes were dramatically reversed by the combined use of linagliptin and metformin. Moreover, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Nox4 signal pathway was found to mediate VSMC remodeling responding to HG. Linagliptin and metformin were synergistical to target AMPK/Nox4 signal pathway in VSMCs incubated with HG and in the cardia artery of diabetic rats, which was superior to the monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the potential protection of the combined use of linagliptin and metformin on VSMC remodeling through AMPK/Nox4 signal pathway, resulting in the improvement of neointima hyperplasia in diabetic rats. This study provided new therapeutic strategies for vascular stenosis associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guang-Jie Tai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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16
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Gubareva EA, Kuevda EV, Basov AA, Sotnichenko AS, Bolotin SN, Dzhimak SS. Biophysical methods for quality evaluation of decellularized and recellularized tissue-engineered constructs of organs and tissues. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Savchenko AA, Pavlova OM, Khalo NV, Gvozdev II. [Neutrophil respiratory burst and the state of hemostasis in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 118:75-80. [PMID: 30830121 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201811812275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the relationship between the state of the respiratory burst of neutrophils and the indices of hemostasis in patients with ischemic (IS) and hemorrhagic (HS) strokes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-three patients with IS and 31 patients with HS were examined in the first 24 hours after an acute cerebrovascular accident (ACA). The diagnosis of ASA was confirmed by neuroimaging methods: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The determination of the respiratory burst state of blood neutrophils was carried out using chemiluminescence analysis. Indicators of vascular-platelet and coagulation hemostasis were determined in all patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION There were changes in the kinetics and activity of neutrophil respiratory burst in stroke patients. Patients with HS had higher (compared to those of patients with IS) level of spontaneous and induced synthesis of secondary ROS but with a decrease in metabolic resources for their synthesis. Activation of spontaneous and ADP-induced platelet aggregation was detected only in HS. Patients with HS had a higher level of fibrinolytic activity as compared to the patients with IS. There were positive correlations between the kinetic parameters of blood coagulation and the synthesis of primary ROS by neutrophils in patients with HS, whereas the intensity of all ROS synthesis negatively correlated with activated partial thromboplastin time. Therefore, in patients with HS the synergistic relationship between the respiratory burst of neutrophils (pro-inflammatory activity) and coagulation hemostasis was more pronounced compared to patients with IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Savchenko
- Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North', Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - O M Pavlova
- Non State Healthcare Institution 'Railway Clinical Hospital on Station Krasnoyarsk Open Joint-stock Company 'RRW', Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - N V Khalo
- Krasnoyarsk State Budget Healthcare Institution 'Berzon Krasnoyarsk Interdistrict Clinical Hospital #20', Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - I I Gvozdev
- Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North', Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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18
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Steven S, Dib M, Hausding M, Kashani F, Oelze M, Kröller-Schön S, Hanf A, Daub S, Roohani S, Gramlich Y, Lutgens E, Schulz E, Becker C, Lackner KJ, Kleinert H, Knosalla C, Niesler B, Wild PS, Münzel T, Daiber A. CD40L controls obesity-associated vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in high fat diet-treated and db/db mice. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:312-323. [PMID: 29036612 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims CD40 ligand (CD40L) signaling controls vascular oxidative stress and related dysfunction in angiotensin-II-induced arterial hypertension by regulating vascular immune cell recruitment and platelet activation. Here we investigated the role of CD40L in experimental hyperlipidemia. Methods and results Male wild type and CD40L-/- mice (C57BL/6 background) were subjected to high fat diet for sixteen weeks. Weight, cholesterol, HDL, and LDL levels, endothelial function (isometric tension recording), oxidative stress (NADPH oxidase expression, dihydroethidium fluorescence) and inflammatory parameters (inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6 expression) were assessed. CD40L expression, weight, leptin and lipids were increased, and endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation were more pronounced in wild type mice on a high fat diet, all of which was almost normalized by CD40L deficiency. Similar results were obtained in diabetic db/db mice with CD40/TRAF6 inhibitor (6877002) therapy. In a small human study higher serum sCD40L levels and an inflammatory phenotype were detected in the blood and Aorta ascendens of obese patients (body mass index > 35) that underwent by-pass surgery. Conclusion CD40L controls obesity-associated vascular inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in mice and potentially humans. Thus, CD40L represents a therapeutic target in lipid metabolic disorders which is a leading cause in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mobin Dib
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Hausding
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Kashani
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alina Hanf
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Daub
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Siyer Roohani
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yves Gramlich
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schulz
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Knosalla
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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19
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Schröder K. NADPH oxidases in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 132:67-72. [PMID: 30189265 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a tissue with constant remodeling, where osteoblasts form and osteoclasts degrade bone. Both cell types are highly specialized in their function and both form from precursors and have to be replaced on a regular basis. This replacement represents one control level of bone homeostasis. The second important level would be the control of the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in order to keep the balance of bone -formation and -degradation. Both differentiation and control of cellular function are potentially redox sensitive processes. In fact, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are utilized by a wide range of cells for differentiation and control of cellular signaling and function. A major source of ROS is the family of NADPH oxidases. The sole function of those enzymes is the formation of ROS in a controlled and targeted manner. Importantly the members of the NADPH oxidase family differ in their localization and in the type and amount of ROS produced. Accordingly the impact of the members of the NADPH oxidase family on differentiation and function differs between cell types. This review will highlight the function of different NADPH oxidases in differentiation and function of bone cells and thereby will discuss the role of NADPH oxidases in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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20
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Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:311-379. [PMID: 30379623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the blood vessels and hence the maintenance of adequate blood flow is critical to the healthy performance of the vasculature. A novel paradigm indicates that classical NO synthesis by dedicated NO synthases is supplemented by nitrite reduction pathways under hypoxia. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the vascular system for signaling purposes, as effectors of the immune response, or as byproducts of cellular metabolism. NO and ROS can be generated by distinct enzymes or by the same enzyme through alternate reduction and oxidation processes. The latter oxidoreductase systems include NO synthases, molybdopterin enzymes, and hemoglobins, which can form superoxide by reduction of molecular oxygen or NO by reduction of inorganic nitrite. Enzymatic uncoupling, changes in oxygen tension, and the concentration of coenzymes and reductants can modulate the NO/ROS production from these oxidoreductases and determine the redox balance in health and disease. The dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in the generation of NO and ROS is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and target for therapy. In this review we will present the biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of NO and ROS in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Bubb KJ, Ritchie RH, Figtree GA. Modified redox signaling in vasculature after chronic infusion of the insulin receptor antagonist, S961. Microcirculation 2018; 26:e12501. [PMID: 30178465 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes and associated vascular complications cause substantial morbidity and mortality. It is important to investigate mechanisms and test therapies in relevant physiological models, yet few animal models adequately recapitulate all aspects of the human condition. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the potential of using an insulin receptor antagonist, S961, in mice for investigating vascular pathophysiology. METHODS S961 was infused into mice for 4 weeks. Blood glucose was monitored, and insulin was measured at the end of the protocol. Blood pressure and pressor responses to vasodilators were measured in cannulated mice, and vascular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species were measured in isolated tissue. RESULTS S961 infusion-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. There was evidence of increased vascular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and modification of NO-mediated signaling. Pressor responses to a NO donor were attenuated, but responses to bradykinin were preserved. CONCLUSIONS Infusion of S961, an insulin receptor antagonist, results in the production of a mouse model of type 2 diabetes that may be useful for investigating redox signaling in the vasculature of insulin-resistant mice over the short term. It is limited by both the transient nature of the hyperglycemia and incomplete functional analogy to the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen J Bubb
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Health, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Health, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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How Supraphysiological Oxygen Levels in Standard Cell Culture Affect Oxygen-Consuming Reactions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8238459. [PMID: 30363917 PMCID: PMC6186316 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8238459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most mammalian tissue cells experience oxygen partial pressures in vivo equivalent to 1–6% O2 (i.e., physioxia). In standard cell culture, however, headspace O2 levels are usually not actively regulated and under these conditions are ~18%. This drives hyperoxia in cell culture media that can affect a wide variety of cellular activities and may compromise the ability of in vitro models to reproduce in vivo biology. Here, we review and discuss some specific O2-consuming organelles and enzymes, including mitochondria, NADPH oxidases, the transplasma membrane redox system, nitric oxide synthases, xanthine oxidase, and monoamine oxidase with respect to their sensitivities to O2 levels. Many of these produce reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) as either primary end products or byproducts and are acutely sensitive to O2 levels in the range from 1% to 18%. Interestingly, many of them are also transcriptional targets of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and chronic cell growth at physioxia versus 18% O2 may alter their expression. Aquaporins, which facilitate hydrogen peroxide diffusion into and out of cells, are also regulated by HIFs, indicating that O2 levels may affect intercellular communication via hydrogen peroxide. The O2 sensitivities of these important activities emphasize the importance of maintaining physioxia in culture.
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Caro AA, Davis A, Fobare S, Horan N, Ryan C, Schwab C. Antioxidant and pro-oxidant mechanisms of (+) catechin in microsomal CYP2E1-dependent oxidative stress. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 54:1-9. [PMID: 30195042 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effects of catechin on cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-dependent oxidative stress. Microsomes co-expressing human CYP2E1 with NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase and cytochrome b5 were incubated with NADPH and DTPA at pH 7.0. Superoxide anion generation was specifically detected by spin-trapping with DEPMPO. Generation of the DEPMPO-OOH adduct was not observed in the absence of CYP2E1 and in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catechin, while catalase was ineffective. Reactive oxygen species generation was detected with 1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CPH) by the EPR-detection of its oxidation product, 3-carboxy-proxyl radical (CP●). CP● generation was not observed in the absence of CYP2E1 and in the presence of SOD, while catalase was ineffective. In contrast, catechin increased CPH oxidation, an effect that was not observed in the absence of CYP2E1 or in the presence of SOD (but not catalase), and was not associated with an increase in oxygen consumption. Catechin also increased the non-specific oxidation of the probes CPH and hydroethidine by the superoxide anion-generating system xanthine plus xanthine oxidase. Catechin oxidized CPH in the presence of horseradish peroxidase plus hydrogen peroxide, a catechin radical-generating system. In conclusion, catechin exhibits both antioxidant (superoxide-scavenging) and pro-oxidant effects under CYP2E1-dependent oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres A Caro
- Chemistry Department, Hendrix College, Conway, AR 72032, United States.
| | - Alanna Davis
- Chemistry Department, Hendrix College, Conway, AR 72032, United States
| | - Sydney Fobare
- Chemistry Department, Hendrix College, Conway, AR 72032, United States
| | - Nicholas Horan
- Chemistry Department, Hendrix College, Conway, AR 72032, United States
| | - Cameron Ryan
- Chemistry Department, Hendrix College, Conway, AR 72032, United States
| | - Cara Schwab
- Chemistry Department, Hendrix College, Conway, AR 72032, United States
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24
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Karlgren M, Simoff I, Keiser M, Oswald S, Artursson P. CRISPR-Cas9: A New Addition to the Drug Metabolism and Disposition Tool Box. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1776-1786. [PMID: 30126863 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.082842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9), i.e., CRISPR-Cas9, has been extensively used as a gene-editing technology during recent years. Unlike earlier technologies for gene editing or gene knockdown, such as zinc finger nucleases and RNA interference, CRISPR-Cas9 is comparably easy to use, affordable, and versatile. Recently, CRISPR-Cas9 has been applied in studies of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and for ADME model generation. To date, about 50 papers have been published describing in vitro or in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of ADME and ADME-related genes. Twenty of these papers describe gene editing of clinically relevant genes, such as ATP-binding cassette drug transporters and cytochrome P450 drug-metabolizing enzymes. With CRISPR-Cas9, the ADME tool box has been substantially expanded. This new technology allows us to develop better and more predictive in vitro and in vivo ADME models and map previously underexplored ADME genes and gene families. In this mini-review, we give an overview of the CRISPR-Cas9 technology and summarize recent applications of CRISPR-Cas9 within the ADME field. We also speculate about future applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in ADME research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karlgren
- Department of Pharmacy (M.Ka., P.A.), Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Department of Pharmacy (I.S.), and Science for Life Laboratory (P.A.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany (M.Ke., S.O.)
| | - I Simoff
- Department of Pharmacy (M.Ka., P.A.), Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Department of Pharmacy (I.S.), and Science for Life Laboratory (P.A.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany (M.Ke., S.O.)
| | - M Keiser
- Department of Pharmacy (M.Ka., P.A.), Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Department of Pharmacy (I.S.), and Science for Life Laboratory (P.A.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany (M.Ke., S.O.)
| | - S Oswald
- Department of Pharmacy (M.Ka., P.A.), Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Department of Pharmacy (I.S.), and Science for Life Laboratory (P.A.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany (M.Ke., S.O.)
| | - P Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy (M.Ka., P.A.), Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Department of Pharmacy (I.S.), and Science for Life Laboratory (P.A.), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany (M.Ke., S.O.)
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25
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Muñoz M, Martínez MP, López-Oliva ME, Rodríguez C, Corbacho C, Carballido J, García-Sacristán A, Hernández M, Rivera L, Sáenz-Medina J, Prieto D. Hydrogen peroxide derived from NADPH oxidase 4- and 2 contributes to the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of intrarenal arteries. Redox Biol 2018; 19:92-104. [PMID: 30125808 PMCID: PMC6105769 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived reactive oxygen species in kidney vascular function has extensively been investigated in the harmful context of oxidative stress in diabetes and obesity-associated kidney disease. Since hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has recently been involved in the non-nitric oxide (NO) non-prostanoid relaxations of intrarenal arteries, the present study was sought to investigate whether NADPH oxidases may be functional sources of vasodilator H2O2 in the kidney and to assess their role in the endothelium-dependent relaxations of human and rat intrarenal arteries. Renal interlobar arteries isolated from the kidney of renal tumor patients who underwent nephrectomy, and from the kidney of Wistar rats, were mounted in microvascular myographs to assess function. Superoxide (O2.-) and H2O2 production was measured by chemiluminescence and Amplex Red fluorescence, and Nox2 and Nox4 enzymes were detected by Western blotting and by double inmunolabeling along with eNOS. Nox2 and Nox4 proteins were expressed in the endothelium of renal arterioles and glomeruli co-localized with eNOS, levels of expression of both enzymes being higher in the cortex than in isolated arteries. Pharmacological inhibition of Nox with apocynin and of CYP 2C epoxygenases with sulfaphenazol, but not of the NO synthase (NOS), reduced renal NADPH-stimulated O2.- and H2O2 production. Under conditions of cyclooxygenase and NOS blockade, acetylcholine induced endothelium-dependent relaxations that were blunted by the non-selective Nox inhibitor apocynin and by the Nox2 or the Nox1/4 inhibitors gp91ds-tat and GKT136901, respectively. Acetylcholine stimulated H2O2 production that was reduced by gp91ds-tat and by GKT136901. These results suggest the specific involvement of Nox4 and Nox2 subunits as physiologically relevant endothelial sources of H2O2 generation that contribute to the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of renal arteries and therefore have a protective role in kidney vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Martínez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Claudia Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Corbacho
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Carballido
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Medardo Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rivera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sáenz-Medina
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf P Brandes
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., F.R., K.S.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (R.P.B., F.R., K.S.)
| | - Flavia Rezende
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., F.R., K.S.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (R.P.B., F.R., K.S.)
| | - Katrin Schröder
- From the Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany (R.P.B., F.R., K.S.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (R.P.B., F.R., K.S.)
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27
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Samhan-Arias AK, Fortalezas S, Cordas CM, Moura I, Moura JJG, Gutierrez-Merino C. Cytochrome b 5 reductase is the component from neuronal synaptic plasma membrane vesicles that generates superoxide anion upon stimulation by cytochrome c. Redox Biol 2018; 15:109-114. [PMID: 29227865 PMCID: PMC5726884 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we measured the effect of cytochrome c on the NADH-dependent superoxide anion production by synaptic plasma membrane vesicles from rat brain. In these membranes, the cytochrome c stimulated NADH-dependent superoxide anion production was inhibited by antibodies against cytochrome b5 reductase linking the production to this enzyme. Measurement of the superoxide anion radical generated by purified recombinant soluble and membrane cytochrome b5 reductase corroborates the production of the radical by different enzyme isoforms. In the presence of cytochrome c, a burst of superoxide anion as well as the reduction of cytochrome c by cytochrome b5 reductase was measured. Complex formation between both proteins suggests that cytochrome b5 reductase is one of the major partners of cytochrome c upon its release from mitochondria to the cytosol during apoptosis. Superoxide anion production and cytochrome c reduction are the consequences of the stimulated NADH consumption by cytochrome b5 reductase upon complex formation with cytochrome c and suggest a major role of this enzyme as an anti-apoptotic protein during cell death.
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Key Words
- Cb(5)R, Cytochrome b(5) reductase
- Cytochrome b(5) reductase
- Cytochrome c
- DHE, Dihydroethidium
- DTPA, Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
- E(+), Ethidium
- FAD, Flavin adenine dinucleotide
- NADH oxidase
- NADH, Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NBT, Nitroblue tetrazolium nitroblue tetrazolium
- Neurons
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- SPMV, Synaptic plasma membrane vesicles
- Superoxide anion
- TB, Terrific Broth terrific Broth
- XA, Xanthine xanthine
- XO, Xanthine oxidase
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro K Samhan-Arias
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Fortalezas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Cristina M Cordas
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moura
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J G Moura
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Merino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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28
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Marinucci L, Balloni S, Fettucciari K, Bodo M, Talesa VN, Antognelli C. Nicotine induces apoptosis in human osteoblasts via a novel mechanism driven by H 2O 2 and entailing Glyoxalase 1-dependent MG-H1 accumulation leading to TG2-mediated NF-kB desensitization: Implication for smokers-related osteoporosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:6-17. [PMID: 29355739 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine contained in cigarette smoke contributes to the onset of several diseases, including osteoporosis, whose emerging pathogenic mechanism is associated with osteoblasts apoptosis. Scanty information is available on the molecular mechanisms of nicotine on osteoblasts apoptosis and, consequently, on an important aspect of the pathogenesis of smokers-related osteoporosis. Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is the detoxification enzyme of methylglyoxal (MG), a major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), potent pro-apoptotic agents. Hydroimidazolone (MG-H1) is the major AGE derived from the spontaneous MG adduction of arginine residues. The aim of this study was to investigate whether, and by means of which mechanism, the antiglycation defence Glo1 was involved in the apoptosis induced by 0.1 and 1µM nicotine in human primary osteoblasts chronically exposed for 11 and 21 days. By using gene overexpression/silencing and scavenging/inhibitory agents, we demonstrated that nicotine induces a significant intracellular accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that, by inhibiting Glo1, drives MG-H1 accumulation/release. MG-H1, in turn, triggers H2O2 overproduction via receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and, in parallel, an apoptotic mitochondrial pathway by inducing Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) downregulation-dependent NF-kB desensitization. Measurements of H2O2, Glo1 and MG-H1 circulating levels in smokers compared with non-smokers or in smokers with osteoporosis compared with those without this bone-related disease supported the results obtained in vitro. Our findings newly pose the antiglycation enzymatic defense Glo1 and MG-H1 among the molecular events involved in nicotine-induced reactive oxygen species-mediated osteoblasts apoptosis, a crucial event in smoker-related osteoporosis, and suggest novel exposure markers in health surveillance programmes related to smokers-associated osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania Balloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Maria Bodo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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Zielonka J, Hardy M, Michalski R, Sikora A, Zielonka M, Cheng G, Ouari O, Podsiadły R, Kalyanaraman B. Recent Developments in the Probes and Assays for Measurement of the Activity of NADPH Oxidases. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 75:335-349. [PMID: 28660426 PMCID: PMC5693611 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases are a family of enzymes capable of transferring electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen. A major function of NADPH oxidases is the activation of molecular oxygen into reactive oxygen species. Increased activity of NADPH oxidases has been implicated in various pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, neurological dysfunction, and cancer. Thus, NADPH oxidases have been identified as a viable target for the development of novel therapeutics exhibiting inhibitory effects on NADPH oxidases. Here, we describe the development of new assays for measuring the activity of NADPH oxidases enabling the high-throughput screening for NADPH oxidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Radosław Michalski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Radosław Podsiadły
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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30
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Sorce S, Stocker R, Seredenina T, Holmdahl R, Aguzzi A, Chio A, Depaulis A, Heitz F, Olofsson P, Olsson T, Duveau V, Sanoudou D, Skosgater S, Vlahou A, Wasquel D, Krause KH, Jaquet V. NADPH oxidases as drug targets and biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases: What is the evidence? Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:387-396. [PMID: 28811143 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease are frequently characterized by microglia activation and/or leukocyte infiltration in the parenchyma of the central nervous system and at the molecular level by increased oxidative modifications of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. NADPH oxidases (NOX) emerged as a novel promising class of pharmacological targets for the treatment of neurodegeneration due to their role in oxidant generation and presumably in regulating microglia activation. The unique function of NOX is the generation of superoxide anion (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However in the context of neuroinflammation, they present paradoxical features since O2•-/H2O2 generated by NOX and/or secondary reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from O2•-/H2O2 can either lead to neuronal oxidative damage or resolution of inflammation. The role of NOX enzymes has been investigated in many models of neurodegenerative diseases by using either genetic or pharmacological approaches. In the present review we provide a critical assessment of recent findings related to the role of NOX in the CNS as well as how the field has advanced over the last 5 years. In particular, we focus on the data derived from the work of a consortium (Neurinox) funded by the European Commission's Programme 7 (FP7). We discuss the evidence gathered from animal models and human samples linking NOX expression/activity with neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease as well as autoimmune demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). We address the possibility to use measurement of the activity of the NOX2 isoform in blood samples as biomarker of disease severity and treatment efficacy in neurodegenerative disease. Finally we clarify key controversial aspects in the field of NOX, such as NOX cellular expression in the brain, measurement of NOX activity, impact of genetic deletion of NOX in animal models of neurodegeneration and specificity of NOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sorce
- Neuropathology Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Stocker
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara Seredenina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Section for Medical Inflammation research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Neuropathology Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Chio
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Antoine Depaulis
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Inserm U1216 and Univ, Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Peter Olofsson
- Redoxis AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden; Pronoxis AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | | | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sara Skosgater
- Arttic, 58A rue du Dessous des Berges, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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Daiber A, Oelze M, Steven S, Kröller-Schön S, Münzel T. Taking up the cudgels for the traditional reactive oxygen and nitrogen species detection assays and their use in the cardiovascular system. Redox Biol 2017; 12:35-49. [PMID: 28212522 PMCID: PMC5312509 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS such as H2O2, nitric oxide) confer redox regulation of essential cellular functions (e.g. differentiation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis), initiate and catalyze adaptive stress responses. In contrast, excessive formation of RONS caused by impaired break-down by cellular antioxidant systems and/or insufficient repair of the resulting oxidative damage of biomolecules may lead to appreciable impairment of cellular function and in the worst case to cell death, organ dysfunction and severe disease phenotypes of the entire organism. Therefore, the knowledge of the severity of oxidative stress and tissue specific localization is of great biological and clinical importance. However, at this level of investigation quantitative information may be enough. For the development of specific drugs, the cellular and subcellular localization of the sources of RONS or even the nature of the reactive species may be of great importance, and accordingly, more qualitative information is required. These two different philosophies currently compete with each other and their different needs (also reflected by different detection assays) often lead to controversial discussions within the redox research community. With the present review we want to shed some light on these different philosophies and needs (based on our personal views), but also to defend some of the traditional assays for the detection of RONS that work very well in our hands and to provide some guidelines how to use and interpret the results of these assays. We will also provide an overview on the "new assays" with a brief discussion on their strengths but also weaknesses and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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