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Diamantis D, Tsiailanis AD, Papaemmanouil C, Nika MC, Kanaki Z, Golic Grdadolnik S, Babic A, Tzakos EP, Fournier I, Salzet M, Kushwaha PP, Thomaidis NS, Rampias T, Shankar E, Karakurt S, Gupta S, Tzakos AG. Development of a novel apigenin prodrug programmed for alkaline-phosphatase instructed self-inhibition to combat cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37639498 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2247083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are a hallmark of cancer progression and thus inhibition of ALP could serve as an effective approach against cancer. Herein, we developed a novel prodrug approach to tackle cancer that bears self-inhibiting alkaline phosphatase-responsiveness properties that can enhance at the same time the solubility of the parent compound. To probe this novel concept, we selected apigenin as the cytotoxic agent since we first unveiled, that it directly interacts and inhibits ALP activity. Consequently, we rationally designed and synthesized, using a self-immolative linker, an ALP responsive apigenin-based phosphate prodrug, phospho-apigenin. Phospho-apigenin markedly increased the stability of the parent compound apigenin. Furthermore, the prodrug exhibited enhanced antiproliferative effect in malignant cells with elevated ALP levels, compared to apigenin. This recorded potency of the developed prodrug was further confirmed in vivo where phospho-apigenin significantly suppressed by 52.8% the growth of PC-3 xenograft tumors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Diamantis
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Antonios D Tsiailanis
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina Papaemmanouil
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Kanaki
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Simona Golic Grdadolnik
- Laboratory for Molecular Structural Dynamics, Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Babic
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Isabelle Fournier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Lille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris
| | - Michel Salzet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Lille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris
| | - Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eswar Shankar
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Serdar Karakurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina, Greece
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Fragou F, Theofanous A, Deligiannakis Y, Louloudi M. Nanoantioxidant Materials: Nanoengineering Inspired by Nature. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:383. [PMID: 36838085 PMCID: PMC9963756 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidants are very active compounds that can cause damage to biological systems under specific environmental conditions. One effective way to counterbalance these adverse effects is the use of anti-oxidants. At low concentrations, an antioxidant is defined as a compound that can delay, control, or prevent an oxidative process. Antioxidants exist in plants, soil, and minerals; therefore, nature is a rich source of natural antioxidants, such as tocopherols and polyphenols. In nature, antioxidants perform in tandem with their bio-environment, which may tune their activity and protect them from degradation. In vitro use of antioxidants, i.e., out of their biomatrix, may encounter several drawbacks, such as auto-oxidation and polymerization. Artificial nanoantioxidants can be developed via surface modification of a nanoparticle with an antioxidant that can be either natural or synthetic, directly mimicking a natural antioxidant system. In this direction, state-of-the-art nanotechnology has been extensively incorporated to overcome inherent drawbacks encountered in vitro use of antioxidants, i.e., out of their biomatrix, and facilitate the production and use of antioxidants on a larger scale. Biomimetic nanoengineering has been adopted to optimize bio-medical antioxidant systems to improve stability, control release, enhance targeted administration, and overcome toxicity and biocompatibility issues. Focusing on biotechnological sciences, this review highlights the importance of nanoengineering in developing effective antioxidant structures and comparing the effectiveness of different nanoengineering methods. Additionally, this study gathers and clarifies the different antioxidant mechanisms reported in the literature and provides a clear picture of the existing evaluation methods, which can provide vital insights into bio-medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini Fragou
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Catalysis & Hybrid Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Annita Theofanous
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Catalysis & Hybrid Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yiannis Deligiannakis
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials & Environment, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria Louloudi
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Catalysis & Hybrid Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Phenethyl Ester of Gallic Acid Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248770. [PMID: 36557903 PMCID: PMC9782083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid is a phenolic acid present in various plants, nuts, and fruits. It is well known for its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The phenethyl ester of gallic acid (PEGA) was synthesized with the aim of increasing the bioavailability of gallic acid, and thus its pharmacological potential. Here, the effects of PEGA on encephalitogenic cells were examined, and PEGA was found to modulate the inflammatory activities of T cells and macrophages/microglia. Specifically, PEGA reduced the release of interleukin (IL)-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ from T cells, as well as NO, and IL-6 from macrophages/microglia. Importantly, PEGA ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS)-multiple sclerosis. Thus, PEGA is a potent anti-inflammatory compound with a perspective to be further explored in the context of CNS autoimmunity and other chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Zheng Y, Karimi-Maleh H, Fu L. Evaluation of Antioxidants Using Electrochemical Sensors: A Bibliometric Analysis. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22093238. [PMID: 35590927 PMCID: PMC9103690 DOI: 10.3390/s22093238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance of oxidation and antioxidant systems in the biological system can lead to oxidative stress, which is closely related to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Substances with antioxidant capacity can effectively resist the harmful damage of oxidative stress. How to measure the antioxidant capacity of antioxidants has essential application value in medicine and food. Techniques such as DPPH radical scavenging have been developed to measure antioxidant capacity. However, these traditional analytical techniques take time and require large instruments. It is a more convenient method to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of antioxidants based on their electrochemical oxidation and reduction behaviors. This review summarizes the evaluation of antioxidants using electrochemical sensors by bibliometrics. The development of this topic was described, and the research priorities at different stages were discussed. The topic was investigated in 1999 and became popular after 2010 and has remained popular ever since. A total of 758 papers were published during this period. In the early stages, electrochemical techniques were used only as quantitative techniques and other analytical techniques. Subsequently, cyclic voltammetry was used to directly study the electrochemical behavior of different antioxidants and evaluate antioxidant capacity. With methodological innovations and assistance from materials science, advanced electrochemical sensors have been fabricated to serve this purpose. In this review, we also cluster the keywords to analyze different investigation directions under the topic. Through co-citation of papers, important papers were analyzed as were how they have influenced the topic. In addition, the author’s country distribution and category distribution were also interpreted in detail. In the end, we also proposed perspectives for the future development of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zheng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu 610056, China;
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan 9477177870, Iran
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 17011, South Africa
| | - Li Fu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence:
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Koprivica I, Jonić N, Diamantis D, Gajić D, Saksida T, Pejnović N, Tzakos AG, Stojanović I. Phenethyl ester of rosmarinic acid attenuates autoimmune responses during type 1 diabetes development in mice. Life Sci 2022; 288:120184. [PMID: 34838848 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a polyphenol that occurs in plants of the Lamiaceae family. Phenethyl ester of RA (PERA), a novel RA derivative, has been developed and evaluated in vivo in an animal model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS T1D was induced in male C57BL/6 mice using multiple low doses of streptozotocin (STZ) administered intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days. Intraperitoneal administration of PERA (2.5 mg/kg bw) began from the first STZ injection and continued for 20 days. KEY FINDINGS PERA-treated mice exhibited lower incidence of T1D (monitored up to 38 days from the disease induction), and fluorescent histochemical analysis showed that their pancreatic islets expressed more insulin. PERA treatment significantly down-regulated the proportions of CD11b+ and CD11c+ myeloid cells in the immune cell infiltrates in the pancreatic islets early during T1D pathogenesis (on day 9 after T1D induction), while on day 15, PERA significantly reduced the proportions of CD11c+, CD8+, Th1 and Th17 cells. Simultaneously, it was found that the cells from the pancreatic infiltrates of PERA-treated mice produced significantly less reactive oxygen species than cells from the control group. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that PERA efficiently prevented T1D development in mice. Interestingly, PERA attenuated the inflammatory process in the islets through temporally specific interference with the innate and adaptive immune response and therefore shows great promise for further clinical evaluation as a novel T1D therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Koprivica
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natalija Jonić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dimitris Diamantis
- Section of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dragica Gajić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Saksida
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Pejnović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Section of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ivana Stojanović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Effects of a Chlorogenic Acid-Containing Herbal Medicine (LAS NB) on Colon Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9923467. [PMID: 34462643 PMCID: PMC8403046 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9923467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Plant polyphenols, which contain phenolic acids such as chlorogenic acid (CGA), can be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer and have gained increasing attention in recent years. In this study, we explored a novel CGA-containing herbal medicine named LASNB, which was extracted from Lonicera japonica Thunb., Agrimonia eupatoria L., and Scutellaria barbata D.Don. Methods CGA in LASNB was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biological functions and molecular mechanisms of LASNB were investigated in colon cancer cell lines (HCT116, HCT15, and CT26), a normal colon cell line (NCM460), and a CT26 xenograft model. To assess safety, hematological toxicity and pathology of the liver, kidney, and lung were evaluated. Results LASNB suppressed HCT116, HCT15, and CT26 colon cancer progression by inhibiting proliferation capacity, promoting cell apoptosis, and suppressing cell migration both in vitro and in vivo. Investigation into the underlying molecular mechanism indicated that LASNB suppressed the activation of receptor tyrosine kinase- (RTK-) MEK-ERK and NF-κB pathways. With regard to safety, slight interstitial vascular congestion in the lung was observed, but no severe pathological or hematological toxicity was detected. Conclusions We found that LASNB suppressed the progression of colon cancer via the RTK-MEK-ERK and NF-κB pathways, with no severe toxicity observed. Therefore, LASNB has the potential to be used as a supplementary herbal medicine for the treatment of colon cancer.
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