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Tran TT, Prakash H, Nagasawa T, Nakao M, Somamoto T. Characterization of CD83 homologs differently expressed during monocytes differentiation in ginbuna crucian carp, Carassius auratus langsdorfii. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 159:105212. [PMID: 38878874 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
CD83 is a costimulatory molecule of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that plays an important role in eliciting adaptive responses. It is also a well-known surface protein on mature dendritic cells (DCs). Furthermore, monocytes have been reported to differentiate into macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells, which play an important role in innate immunity. CD83 expression affects the activation and maturation of DCs and stimulates cell-mediated immune responses. This study aims to reveal the CD83 expression during monocyte differentiation in teleosts, and the CD83 homologs evolutionary relationship. This study found two distinct CD83 homologs (GbCD83 and GbCD83-L) in ginbuna crucian carp (Gb) and investigated the evolutionary relationship among GbCD83 homologs and other vertebrates and the gene and protein expression levels of the homologs during 4 days of monocyte culture. The phylogenetic tree showed that the two GbCD83 homologs are classified into two distinct branches. Interestingly, only ostariophysians (Gb, common carp, rohu, fathead minnow and channel catfish), but not neoteleosts, mammals, and others, have two CD83 homologs. Morphological observation and colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), CD83, CD80/86, and CCR7 gene expressions illustrated that there is a differentiation of monocytes isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes after 4 days. Specifically, gene expression and immunocytochemistry revealed that GbCD83 is mainly expressed on monocytes at the early stage of cell culture, whereas GbCD83-L is expressed in the latter stage. These findings provided the first evidence of differential expression of CD83 homologs during monocytes differentiation in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thu Tran
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Harsha Prakash
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miki Nakao
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Somamoto
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Miccoli A, Pianese V, Bidoli C, Fausto AM, Scapigliati G, Picchietti S. Transcriptome profiling of microdissected cortex and medulla unravels functional regionalization in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax thymus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109319. [PMID: 38145782 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is a sophisticated primary lymphoid organ in jawed vertebrates, but knowledge on teleost thymus remains scarce. In this study, for the first time in the European sea bass, laser capture microdissection was leveraged to collect two thymic regions based on histological features, namely the cortex and the medulla. The two regions were then processed by RNAseq and in-depth functional transcriptome analyses with the aim of revealing differential gene expression patterns and gene sets enrichments, ultimately unraveling unique microenvironments imperative for the development of functional T cells. The sea bass cortex emerged as a hub of T cell commitment, somatic recombination, chromatin remodeling, cell cycle regulation, and presentation of self antigens from autophagy-, proteasome- or proteases-processed proteins. The cortex therefore accommodated extensive thymocyte proliferation and differentiation up to the checkpoint of positive selection. The medulla instead appeared as the center stage in autoimmune regulation by negative selection and deletion of autoreactive T cells, central tolerance mechanisms and extracellular matrix organization. Region-specific canonical markers of T and non-T lineage cells as well as signals for migration to/from, and trafficking within, the thymus were identified, shedding light on the highly coordinated and exquisitely complex bi-directional interactions among thymocytes and stromal components. Markers ascribable to thymic nurse cells and poorly characterized post-aire mTEC populations were found in the cortex and medulla, respectively. An in-depth data mining also exposed previously un-annotated genomic resources with differential signatures. Overall, our findings contribute to a broader understanding of the relationship between regional organization and function in the European sea bass thymus, and provide essential insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying T-cell mediated adaptive immune responses in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miccoli
- National Research Council, Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - V Pianese
- Dept. for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Largo Dell'Università Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - C Bidoli
- Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - A M Fausto
- Dept. for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Largo Dell'Università Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - G Scapigliati
- Dept. for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Largo Dell'Università Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - S Picchietti
- Dept. for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Largo Dell'Università Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
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Zhao X, Zhang Y, Gao T, Song N. Spleen Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Divergent Immune Responses to LPS and Poly (I:C) Challenge in the Yellow Drum ( Nibea albiflora). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097735. [PMID: 37175446 PMCID: PMC10178140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The yellow drum (Nibea albiflora) is a marine teleost fish with strong disease resistance, yet the understanding of its immune response and key functional genes is fragmented. Here, RNA-Seq was used to investigate the regulation pathways and genes involved in the immune response to infection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) on the spleen of the yellow drum. There were fewer differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LPS-infected treatment group at either 6 or 48 h. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly significantly enriched in c5-branching dibasic acid metabolic and complement and coagulation cascades pathways. The yellow drum responded more strongly to poly (I:C) infection, with 185 and 521 DEGs obtained under 6 and 48 h treatments, respectively. These DEGs were significantly enriched in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, NOD-like signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The key functional genes in these pathways played important roles in the immune response and maintenance of immune system homeostasis in the yellow drum. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed several important hub genes. Although the functions of some genes have not been confirmed, our study still provides significant information for further investigation of the immune system of the yellow drum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Na Song
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
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Barraza F, Montero R, Wong-Benito V, Valenzuela H, Godoy-Guzmán C, Guzmán F, Köllner B, Wang T, Secombes CJ, Maisey K, Imarai M. Revisiting the Teleost Thymus: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. BIOLOGY 2020; 10:biology10010008. [PMID: 33375568 PMCID: PMC7824517 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The thymus is the immune organ producing T lymphocytes that are essential to create immunity after encountering pathogens or vaccination. This review summarizes the thymus localization and histological studies, cell composition, and function in teleost fishes. We also describe how seasonal changes, photoperiod, water temperature fluctuations, and hormones can affect thymus development in fish species. Overall, the information helps identify future studies needed to understand thymus function in fish species and the immune system’s evolutionary origins. Since fish are exposed to pathogens, especially under aquaculture conditions, knowledge about the fish thymus and T lymphocyte can also help improve fish farming protocols, considering intrinsic and environmental conditions that can contribute to achieving the best vaccine responsiveness for disease resistance. Abstract The thymus in vertebrates plays a critical role in producing functionally competent T-lymphocytes. Phylogenetically, the thymus emerges early during evolution in jawed cartilaginous fish, and it is usually a bilateral organ placed subcutaneously at the dorsal commissure of the operculum. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the thymus localization, histology studies, cell composition, and function in teleost fishes. Furthermore, we consider environmental factors that affect thymus development, such as seasonal changes, photoperiod, water temperature fluctuations and hormones. Further analysis of the thymus cell distribution and function will help us understand how key stages for developing functional T cells occur in fish, and how thymus dynamics can be modulated by external factors like photoperiod. Overall, the information presented here helps identify the knowledge gaps and future steps needed for a better understanding of the immunobiology of fish thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Barraza
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins, Estación Central, Santiago 3363, Chile; (F.B.); (V.W.-B.); (H.V.)
| | - Ruth Montero
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany; (R.M.); (B.K.)
| | - Valentina Wong-Benito
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins, Estación Central, Santiago 3363, Chile; (F.B.); (V.W.-B.); (H.V.)
| | - Héctor Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins, Estación Central, Santiago 3363, Chile; (F.B.); (V.W.-B.); (H.V.)
| | - Carlos Godoy-Guzmán
- Center for Biomedical and Applied Research (CIBAP), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins, Estación Central, Santiago 3363, Chile;
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Núcleo Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile;
| | - Bernd Köllner
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany; (R.M.); (B.K.)
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; (T.W.); (C.J.S.)
| | - Christopher J. Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; (T.W.); (C.J.S.)
| | - Kevin Maisey
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins, Estación Central, Santiago 3363, Chile;
| | - Mónica Imarai
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins, Estación Central, Santiago 3363, Chile; (F.B.); (V.W.-B.); (H.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Potential Involvement of lncRNAs in the Modulation of the Transcriptome Response to Nodavirus Challenge in European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax L.). BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070165. [PMID: 32679770 PMCID: PMC7407339 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being increasingly recognised as key modulators of various biological mechanisms, including the immune response. Although investigations in teleosts are still lagging behind those conducted in mammals, current research indicates that lncRNAs play a pivotal role in the response of fish to a variety of pathogens. During the last several years, interest in lncRNAs has increased considerably, and a small but notable number of publications have reported the modulation of the lncRNA profile in some fish species after pathogen challenge. This study was the first to identify lncRNAs in the commercial species European sea bass. A total of 12,158 potential lncRNAs were detected in the head kidney and brain. We found that some lncRNAs were not common for both tissues, and these lncRNAs were located near coding genes that are primarily involved in tissue-specific processes, reflecting a degree of cellular specialisation in the synthesis of lncRNAs. Moreover, lncRNA modulation was analysed in both tissues at 24 and 72 h after infection with nodavirus. Enrichment analysis of the neighbouring coding genes of the modulated lncRNAs revealed many terms related to the immune response and viral infectivity but also related to the stress response. An integrated analysis of the lncRNAs and coding genes showed a strong correlation between the expression of the lncRNAs and their flanking coding genes. Our study represents the first systematic identification of lncRNAs in European sea bass and provides evidence regarding the involvement of these lncRNAs in the response to nodavirus.
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Wang H, Xu L, Wu Z, Chen X. CCR7, CD80/86 and CD83 in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco): Molecular characteristics and expression patterns with bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:228-242. [PMID: 32325216 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have a strong ability to stimulate naive T lymphocyte proliferation, so DCs play an important regulatory role in the initiation of the specific immune response. DCs cannot play the role of antigen presentation without the expression of surface molecules. The chemokine receptor CCR7 and the costimulatory molecules CD80/86 and CD83 are not only markers of DC maturation but also important functional molecules in the immune response of DC-T cells. In this study, partial cDNA sequences of CCR7, CD80/86 and CD83 were obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology from yellow catfish. Bioinformatics analysis of deduced amino acid sequences of these three genes showed that CCR7, CD80/86 and CD83 genes in yellow catfish have similar functional domains to the homologs in other vertebrates, which indicated that the functions of these genes may be somewhat conserved during the evolution process. Afterward, the expression characteristics of these three genes in different tissues were detected by q-PCR. This result indicated that CCR7, CD80/86 and CD83 were expressed in all examined tissues, and the highest expression levels of CCR7 and CD80/86 and CD83 were detected in the trunk kidney, muscle and midgut, respectively. Meanwhile, the expression levels of CCR7 and CD80/86 were lowest in the gill, and the expression of CD83 was lowest in the stomach. Finally, healthy yellow catfish were infected with A.hydrophila (1.0 × 107 CFU/mL) or E.ictaluri (1.0 × 106 CFU/mL), q-PCR results indicated that both pathogenic bacteria can induce significant upregulation of CCR7, CD80/86 and CD83 in immune organs, and the expression levels of these genes in the intestine were higher than those in the skin and gill. Our results in this study provide a molecular basis for exploring the role of CCR7, CD80/86 and CD83 in the immune responses induced by bacteria, and can help us to understand the difference of immune responses induced by extracellular and intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lili Xu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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7
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Lama R, Pereiro P, Valenzuela-Muñoz V, Gallardo-Escárate C, Tort L, Figueras A, Novoa B. RNA-Seq analysis of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) infected with nodavirus reveals powerful modulation of the stress response. Vet Res 2020; 51:64. [PMID: 32398117 PMCID: PMC7218500 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nodavirus, or nervous necrosis virus (NNV), is the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), a severe disease affecting numerous fish species worldwide. European sea bass, a cultured species of great economic importance, is highly susceptible to the disease. To better understand the response of this organism to NNV, we conducted RNA-Seq analysis of the brain and head kidney from experimentally infected and uninfected sea bass juveniles at 24 and 72 hours post-infection (hpi). Contrary to what was expected, we observed modest modulation of immune-related genes in the brain, the target organ of this virus, and some of these genes were even downregulated. However, genes involved in the stress response showed extremely high modulation. Accordingly, the genes encoding the enzymes implicated in the synthesis of cortisol were almost the only overexpressed genes in the head kidney at 24 hpi. This stress response was attenuated after 72 h in both tissues, and a progressive immune response against the virus was mounted. Moreover, experiments were conducted to determine how stress activation could impact NNV replication. Our results show the complex interplay between viral activity, the stress reaction and the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Lama
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Patricia Pereiro
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, P.O. Box 160, Concepción, Chile
| | - Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, P.O. Box 160, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Gallardo-Escárate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, P.O. Box 160, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Figueras
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain.
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Valero Y, Arizcun M, Cortés J, Ramírez-Cepeda F, Guzmán F, Mercado L, Esteban MÁ, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A. NK-lysin, dicentracin and hepcidin antimicrobial peptides in European sea bass. Ontogenetic development and modulation in juveniles by nodavirus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:103516. [PMID: 31593708 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered to be amongst the most powerful tools for the fight against pathogens in fish, since they form part of the innate immune response, which is especially vital in eggs and early larval stages, when the immune system is developing. The fish responsible for a large part of the profits in Mediterranean aquaculture is European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a species greatly susceptible to nodavirus (NNV), especially in the larval and juvenile stages. In this work, polyclonal antibodies were developed and used to detect and quantify NK-lysin, dicentracin and hepcidin AMPs in European sea bass eggs and during larval development, as well as to evaluate their regulation in juvenile specimens upon NNV infection. Basal and detectable levels of all the AMPs studied were present in eggs, confirming the maternal transfer of peptides, which increased in one or two waves during larval development up to 69 days post-fertilization. After NNV infection, the mRNA of all the AMPs analysed was up-regulated five days after infection in most of the tissues, whilst peptide quantification of all three AMPs decreased in the brain, the target tissue for NNV, but increased in the head-kidney 5 days after infection. Further research should be carried out to ascertain the role of AMPs in fish innate immunity and to understand how NNV evades the immune response to be disseminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulema Valero
- Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía S/n, 30860, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain; Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marta Arizcun
- Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía S/n, 30860, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jimena Cortés
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felipe Ramírez-Cepeda
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía S/n, 30860, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía S/n, 30860, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía S/n, 30860, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain.
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9
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Buonocore F, Nuñez-Ortiz N, Picchietti S, Randelli E, Stocchi V, Guerra L, Toffan A, Pascoli F, Fausto AM, Mazzini M, Scapigliati G. Vaccination and immune responses of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) against betanodavirus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 85:78-84. [PMID: 29175472 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the available knowledge on the immune defences of European sea bass against antigenic preparations derived from the viral encephalopathy and retinopathy virus (betanodavirus), which represents a major threat to the health of this fish species. The nodavirus is widely present and differentiates into several strains that infect invertebrates (in insects, alphanodavirus) and teleost fish, and thus may represent a great problem for farmed fish species. Many efforts have been directed to discovering new immunizations to induce protection in sea bass, especially at young stages, and these efforts have included employing diverse betanodavirus strains, antigen preparation, vaccination routes, and the addition of adjuvants and/or immunostimulants. The obtained results showed that inactivated preparations of betanodavirus that were administered intraperitoneally may induce both immune recognition and protection. Attempts at performing mucosal immunization by immersion and/or oral administration, which is a vaccination route that is highly preferred for sea bass, have shown intriguing results, and more studies are necessary for its improvement. Overall, the objective of identifying a reliable vaccine that also cross-protects against different genotypes or reassortant viruses for use in European sea bass against betanodavirus appears to be an attainable goal in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Noelia Nuñez-Ortiz
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Simona Picchietti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Elisa Randelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Valentina Stocchi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Laura Guerra
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Toffan
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesco Pascoli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Fausto
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Massimo Mazzini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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10
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Wang J, Wang T, Benedicenti O, Collins C, Wang K, Secombes CJ, Zou J. Characterisation of ZBTB46 and DC-SCRIPT/ZNF366 in rainbow trout, transcription factors potentially involved in dendritic cell maturation and activation in fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:2-14. [PMID: 27889532 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ZBTB46 and DC-SCRIPT/ZNF366 are two zinc finger transcription factors that play important roles in regulating differentiation of dendritic cells in mammals. In this study, the ZBTB46 and DC-SCRIPT/ZNF366 homologues were identified in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and their expression analysed in vivo and in vitro. As transcription factors, they are well conserved in sequence, genomic organisation and gene synteny. Their expression was differentially modulated by bacterial and viral PAMPs in the monocyte/macrophage-like cell line RTS-11, in primary head kidney (HK) macrophages, and in HK macrophages cultured with IL-4/13A. In the RTS-11 cells and primary HK macrophages, all the ZBTB46 and DC-SCRIPT/ZNF366 homologues were down-regulated by interferon gamma (type II IFN) but unaffected by IFN2 (type I IFN), administered as recombinant proteins to cell cultures. In fish gills, infection with amoebae (Paramoebae perurans) resulted in reduction of ZBTB46 and DC-SCRIPT/ZNF366 expression in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, whilst infection with Yersinia ruckeri induced gene expression in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; Department of Basic Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Ottavia Benedicenti
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Catherine Collins
- Marine Scotland Science Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Rd, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Jun Zou
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
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11
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Yong CY, Yeap SK, Omar AR, Tan WS. Advances in the study of nodavirus. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3841. [PMID: 28970971 PMCID: PMC5622607 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nodaviruses are small bipartite RNA viruses which belong to the family of Nodaviridae. They are categorized into alpha-nodavirus, which infects insects, and beta-nodavirus, which infects fishes. Another distinct group of nodavirus infects shrimps and prawns, which has been proposed to be categorized as gamma-nodavirus. Our current review focuses mainly on recent studies performed on nodaviruses. Nodavirus can be transmitted vertically and horizontally. Recent outbreaks have been reported in China, Indonesia, Singapore and India, affecting the aquaculture industry. It also decreased mullet stock in the Caspian Sea. Histopathology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to examine the presence of nodaviruses in infected fishes and prawns. For classification, virus isolation followed by nucleotide sequencing are required. In contrast to partial sequence identification, profiling the whole transcriptome using next generation sequencing (NGS) offers a more comprehensive comparison and characterization of the virus. For rapid diagnosis of nodavirus, assays targeting the viral RNA based on reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) such as microfluidic chips, reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and RT-LAMP coupled with lateral flow dipstick (RT-LAMP-LFD) have been developed. Besides viral RNA detections, diagnosis based on immunological assays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunodot and Western blotting have also been reported. In addition, immune responses of fish and prawn are also discussed. Overall, in fish, innate immunity, cellular type I interferon immunity and humoral immunity cooperatively prevent nodavirus infections, whereas prawns and shrimps adopt different immune mechanisms against nodavirus infections, through upregulation of superoxide anion, prophenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), crustin, peroxinectin, anti-lipopolysaccharides and heat shock proteins (HSP). Potential vaccines for fishes and prawns based on inactivated viruses, recombinant proteins or DNA, either delivered through injection, oral feeding or immersion, are also discussed in detail. Lastly, a comprehensive review on nodavirus virus-like particles (VLPs) is presented. In recent years, studies on prawn nodavirus are mainly focused on Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV). Recombinant MrNV VLPs have been produced in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems. Their roles as a nucleic acid delivery vehicle, a platform for vaccine development, a molecular tool for mechanism study and in solving the structures of MrNV are intensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chean Yeah Yong
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Mo ZQ, Wang JL, Yang M, Ni LY, Wang HQ, Lao GF, Li YW, Li AX, Luo XC, Dan XM. Characterization and expression analysis of grouper (Epinephelus coioides) co-stimulatory molecules CD83 and CD80/86 post Cryptocaryon irritans infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:467-474. [PMID: 28579524 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Co-stimulatory molecules (CD83, CD80 and CD86), belong to immunoglobulin superfamily, are type I membrane glycoprotein, which express on antigen presenting cells and provide the second signal for the activation of T lymphocytes. In the present study, we cloned the grouper's CD83 (675 bp) and CD80/86 (876 bp). Homology analysis showed that both EcCD83 and EcCD80/86 shares the highest amino acid similarity (51% and 47%) for the overall sequence with puffer fish (Takifugu rubripes). Some conserved features and important functional residues in mammalian CD83, CD80 and CD86 were also identified from these molecules of teleosts including grouper, suggesting the function of both molecules may be conserved among vertebrates. In transfected HEK293T cells, both molecules localized on the membrane surface. Tissue distribution analysis showed both EcCD83 and EcCD80/86 mRNAs were mainly expressed in immune organs, and EcCD80/86 was extremely higher expressed in mucosal immune tissues including skin and gill than systematic immune organs, which indicates these co-stimulatory molecules may prime T cell activation in local mucosal tissues. In Cryptocaryon irritans infected groupers, the expression level of EcCD83 and EcCD80/86 were both seen significant up-regulation in the skin at most tested time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Quan Mo
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jiu-Le Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Man Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Lu-Yun Ni
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hai-Qing Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Guo-Feng Lao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - An-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/ Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chun Luo
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Xue-Ming Dan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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13
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Hu Y, Li A, Xu Y, Jiang B, Lu G, Luo X. Transcriptomic variation of locally-infected skin of Epinephelus coioides reveals the mucosal immune mechanism against Cryptocaryon irritans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:398-410. [PMID: 28526573 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish skin is the largest immunologically active mucosal organ, providing first-line defense against external pathogens. However, the skin-associated immune mechanisms of fish are still unclear. Cryptocaryon irritans is an obligate ectoparasitic ciliated protozoan that infects almost all marine fish, and is believed to be an excellent pathogen model to study fish mucosal immunity. In this study, a de novo transcriptome assembly of Epinephelus coioides skin post C. irritans tail-infection was performed for the first time using the Illumina HiSeq™ 2500 system. Comparative analyses of infected skin (group Isk) and uninfected skin (group Nsk) from the same challenged fish and control skin (group C) from uninfected control fish were conducted. As a result, a total of 91,082 unigenes with an average length of 2880 base pairs were obtained and among them, 38,704 and 48,617 unigenes were annotated based on homology with matches in the non-redundant and zebrafish database, respectively. Pairwise comparison resulted in 10,115 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in the Isk/C group comparison (4,983 up-regulated and 5,132 down-regulated), 2,275 DEGs in the Isk/Nsk group comparison (1,319 up-regulated and 956 down-regulated) and 4,566 DEGs in the Nsk/C group comparison (1,534 up-regulated and 3,032 down-regulated). Seven immune-related categories including 91 differentially-expressed immune genes (86 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated) were scrutinized. Both DEGs and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and immune-related gene expression analysis were used, and both analyses showed that the genes were more significantly altered in the locally-infected skin than in the uninfected skin of the same challenged fish. This suggests the skin's local immune response is important for host defense against this ectoparasite infection. Innate immune molecules, including hepcidin, C-type lectin, transferrin, transferrin receptor protein, serum amyloid A, cathepsin and complement components were significantly up-regulated (fold-change ranged from 3.3 to 12,944) in infected skin compared with control skin. The up-regulation of chemokines and chemokine receptors and activation of the leukocyte transendothelial migration pathway suggested that leucocytes intensively migrated to the local infected sites to mount a local immune defense. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1, 2, 5 and 5S were most significantly up-regulated in the infected skin, suggesting that these TLRs may be involved in parasite pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) recognition. Up-regulation of the dendritic cell markers CD209 and CD83 and other antigen presentation pathway molecules provided evidence for skin local antigen presentation. Up-regulation of the T cell markers CD4 and CD48, B cell markers CD22 and CD81 and B cell receptor signaling kinase Lyn, showed the presence and population expansion of T/B cells at locally-infected sites, which suggested possible activation of a local specific immune response in the skin. Our results will facilitate in-depth understanding of local immune defense mechanisms in fish skin against ectoparasite infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Anxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Biao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Geling Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Luo
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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14
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Hwang JY, Kwon MG, Seo JS, Do JW, Park MA, Jung SH, Ahn SJ. Differentially expressed genes after viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus infection in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Vet Microbiol 2016; 193:72-82. [PMID: 27599933 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A strain of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) was isolated from cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) during epizootics in South Korean. This strain showed high mortality to olive flounder in in vivo challenge experiment. The complete genomic RNA sequences were determined and phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of glycoprotein revealed that this isolate was grouped into genotype IVa of genus Novirhabdovirus. Expression profile of genes in olive flounder was analyzed at day 1 and day3 after infection with this VHSV isolate by using cDNA microarray containing olive flounder 13K cDNA clones. Microarray analysis revealed 785 up-regulated genes and 641 down-regulated genes by at least two-fold in virus-infected fish compared to healthy control groups. Among 785 up-regulated genes, we identified seven immune response-associated genes, including the interferon (IFN)-induced 56-kDa protein (IFI56), suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), cluster of differentiation 83 (CD83), α-globin (HBA), VHSV-induced protein-6 (VHSV6), and cluster of differentiation antigen 9 (CD9). Our results confirm previous reports that even virulent strain of VHSV induces expression of genes involved in protective immunity against VHSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Youn Hwang
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 GijangHaean-Ro, Gijang-up, Gijang-Gun, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Gyeong Kwon
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 GijangHaean-Ro, Gijang-up, Gijang-Gun, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soo Seo
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 GijangHaean-Ro, Gijang-up, Gijang-Gun, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Wan Do
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 GijangHaean-Ro, Gijang-up, Gijang-Gun, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ae Park
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 GijangHaean-Ro, Gijang-up, Gijang-Gun, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Jung
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 GijangHaean-Ro, Gijang-up, Gijang-Gun, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jung Ahn
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 GijangHaean-Ro, Gijang-up, Gijang-Gun, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Munang'andu HM, Mutoloki S, Evensen Ø. A Review of the Immunological Mechanisms Following Mucosal Vaccination of Finfish. Front Immunol 2015; 6:427. [PMID: 26379665 PMCID: PMC4547047 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal organs are principle portals of entry for microbial invasion and as such developing protective vaccines against these pathogens can serve as a first line of defense against infections. In general, all mucosal organs in finfish are covered by a layer of mucus whose main function is not only to prevent pathogen attachment by being continuously secreted and sloughing-off but it serves as a vehicle for antimicrobial compounds, complement, and immunoglobulins that degrade, opsonize, and neutralize invading pathogens on mucosal surfaces. In addition, all mucosal organs in finfish possess antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that activate cells of the adaptive immune system to generate long-lasting protective immune responses. The functional activities of APCs are orchestrated by a vast array of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines found in all mucosal organs. The adaptive immune system in mucosal organs is made of humoral immune responses that are able to neutralize invading pathogens as well as cellular-mediated immune responses whose kinetics are comparable to those induced by parenteral vaccines. In general, finfish mucosal immune system has the capacity to serve as the first-line defense mechanism against microbial invasion as well as being responsive to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetron Mweemba Munang'andu
- Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - Stephen Mutoloki
- Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Section of Aquatic Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Oslo , Norway
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16
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Somamoto T, Koppang EO, Fischer U. Antiviral functions of CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells in teleost fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 43:197-204. [PMID: 23938605 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) play a pivotal role in eliminating viruses in mammalian adaptive immune system. Many recent studies on T-cell immunity of fish have suggested that teleost CTLs are also important for antiviral immunity. Cellular functional studies using clonal ginbuan crucian carp and rainbow trout have provided in vivo and in vitro evidence that in many respects, virus-specific CTLs of fish have functions similar to those of mammalian CTLs. In addition, mRNA expression profiles of CTL-related molecules, such as CD8, TCR and MHC class I, have shown that in a wide range of fish species, CTLs are involved in antiviral adaptive immunity. These findings are a basis to formulate possible vaccination strategies to trigger effective antiviral CTL responses in teleost fish. This review describes recent advances in our understanding of antiviral CTL functions in teleost fish and discusses vaccination strategies for efficiently inducing CTL activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Somamoto
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Erling Olaf Koppang
- Section of Anatomy and Pathology, Institute of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Ullevålsveien 72, 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Uwe Fischer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectology, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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