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Paschoalini AL, Ribeiro YM, Thuller B, Soares CLG, Rizzo E, Bazzoli N. Histopathology and changes in the expression of metallothioneins, heat shock proteins and inducible nitric oxide synthase in Prochilodus costatus from a neotropical river contaminated by heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104473. [PMID: 38759846 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The most recent dam rupture in Brazil released tons of mining tailings into the upper course of the Paraopeba River, affecting this river in an unprecedented way. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of heavy metals on Prochilodus costatus, an important commercial species in Brazil, four years after the dam colapse. To this end, biomarkers of heavy metals, oxidative stress, and environmental stress were analyzed, and histological analyses of target organs were performed. The results demonstrated critical contamination of fish from the Paraopeba River. Increased expression of Metallothioneins - MTs, Heat Shock Protein - HSP70, and inducible nitric oxide synthase - iNOS, as well as greater rates of histological changes in the liver, spleen, and gonads, were observed in P. costatus. These findings demonstrate that, despite past contamination, the metals present in mining tailings have significantly increased the contamination of the Paraopeba River basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Loureiro Paschoalini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30535-610, Brazil.
| | - Yves Moreira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ictiohistologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30161-970, Brazil
| | - Breno Thuller
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30535-610, Brazil
| | - Camila Leandro Gomes Soares
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30535-610, Brazil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Laboratório de Ictiohistologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30161-970, Brazil
| | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30535-610, Brazil
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Damasceno MRA, Lemes CGDC, Braga LSSB, Tizioto PC, Montenegro H, Paduan M, Pereira JG, Cordeiro IF, Rocha LCM, da Silva SA, Sanchez AB, Lima WG, Yazbeck GM, Moreira LM, Garcia CCM. Hatchery tanks induce intense reduction in microbiota diversity associated with gills and guts of two endemic species of the São Francisco River. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:966436. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.966436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The São Francisco River (SFR), one of the main Brazilian rivers, has suffered cumulative anthropogenic impacts, leading to ever-decreasing fish stocks and environmental, economic, and social consequences. Rhinelepis aspera and Prochilodus argenteus are medium-sized, bottom-feeding, and rheophilic fishes from the SFR that suffer from these actions. Both species are targeted for spawning and restocking operations due to their relevance in artisanal fisheries, commercial activities, and conservation concerns. Using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we characterized the microbiome present in the gills and guts of these species recruited from an impacted SFR region and hatchery tanks (HT). Our results showed that bacterial diversity from the gill and gut at the genera level in both fish species from HT is 87% smaller than in species from the SFR. Furthermore, only 15 and 29% of bacterial genera are shared between gills and guts in R. aspera and P. argenteus from SFR, respectively, showing an intimate relationship between functional differences in organs. In both species from SFR, pathogenic, xenobiont-degrading, and cyanotoxin-producer bacterial genera were found, indicating the critical pollution scenario in which the river finds itself. This study allowed us to conclude that the conditions imposed on fish in the HT act as important modulators of microbial diversity in the analyzed tissues. It also raises questions regarding the effects of these conditions on hatchery spawn fish and their suitability for restocking activities, aggravated by the narrow genetic diversity associated with such freshwater systems.
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Alesci A, Pergolizzi S, Capillo G, Lo Cascio P, Lauriano ER. Rodlet cells in kidney of goldfish (Carassius auratus, Linnaeus 1758): A light and confocal microscopy study. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151876. [PMID: 35303512 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rodlet cells (RCs) have always been an enigma for scientists. RCs have been given a variety of activities over the years, including ion transport, osmoregulation, and sensory function. These cells, presumably as members of the granulocyte line, are present only in teleosts and play a role in the innate immune response. RCs are migratory cells found in a variety of organs, including skin, vascular, digestive, uropoietic, reproductive, and respiratory systems, and present distinct physical properties that make them easily recognizable in tissues and organs. The development of RCs can be divided into four stages: granular, transitional, mature, and ruptured, having different morphological characteristics. Our study aims to characterize the different stages of these cells by histomorphological and histochemical techniques. Furthermore, we characterized these cells at all stages with peroxidase and fluorescence immunohistochemical techniques using different antibodies: S100, tubulin, α-SMA, piscidin, and for the first time TLR-2. From our results, the immunoreactivity of these cells to the antibodies performed may confirm that RCs play a role in fish defense mechanisms, helping to expand the state of the art on immunology and immune cells of teleosts.
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Sayyaf Dezfuli B, Pironi F, Maynard B, Simoni E, Bosi G. Rodlet cells, fish immune cells and a sentinel of parasitic harm in teleost organs. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:516-534. [PMID: 35123696 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rodlet cells (RCs) are the enigmatic and distinctive pear-shaped cells had found in many tissues of marine and freshwater teleosts. They have a distinctive fibrous capsule or the cell cortex that envelopes conspicuous inclusions called rodlets, basally situated nucleus, and poorly developed mitochondria. The contraction of the cell cortex results in the expulsion of the cell contents through an apical opening. One hundred and thirty years since rodlet cells were first reported, many questions remain about their origin and a function. This review will present new evidence regarding the relationship between RCs and metazoan parasites, and a protozoan infecting organs of different fish species, and update the state of knowledge about the origin, structure and the function of these intriguing fish cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Flavio Pironi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Barbara Maynard
- The Institute for Learning and Teaching, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Edi Simoni
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, St. Giuseppe Orus, 2/B, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Giampaolo Bosi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, St. of University 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy.
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Savassi LA, Paschoalini AL, Arantes FP, Rizzo E, Bazzoli N. Heavy metal contamination in a highly consumed Brazilian fish: immunohistochemical and histopathological assessments. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:542. [PMID: 32712724 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to industrial, rural, and domestic waste disposal, heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) continually infiltrate aquatic environments. These pollutants do not degrade naturally and, thus, have a high capacity for bioaccumulation in tissues and organs. The present study uses histological and immunohistochemical analyses to evaluate the contamination status of Salminus franciscanus, a large and economically important fish. Levels of Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Fe were evaluated by atomic absorption spectrometry in the liver and muscle of fish sampled from two tributaries of the upper São Francisco River Basin, Brazil: the Abaeté and Paraopeba Rivers. In addition, histopathological alterations and expressions of three environmental biomarkers were assessed: metallothionein (MT), heat shock protein-70 (HSP70), and cytochrome P450-1A (CYP1A). The results show that fish from the Paraopeba River are unsuitable for human consumption, with several metals being detected above the safe limits established by the World Health Organization. Histopathological alterations in the liver and spleen were also significantly more frequent in fish from the Paraopeba River than in those from the Abaeté River (P < 0.05). Significant differences in the expressions of environmental biomarkers were observed between the rivers. Fish from the Abaeté River presented significantly higher values of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and lower levels of metal contamination in the liver and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourenço Almeida Savassi
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Loureiro Paschoalini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30535-610, Brazil
| | - Fabio Pereira Arantes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30535-610, Brazil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30535-610, Brazil.
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Paschoalini AL, Savassi LA, Arantes FP, Rizzo E, Bazzoli N. Heavy metals accumulation and endocrine disruption in Prochilodus argenteus from a polluted neotropical river. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:539-550. [PMID: 30476816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are considered major pollutants of aquatic environments due to the difficulty of metabolization and the bioaccumulative potential in tissues of aquatic organisms, especially fish muscle that is often used as food worldwide. In addition to causing cell damage, some metals such as aluminium (Al), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) can act as endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish. The Paraopeba and Abaete Rivers are important tributaries of the upper São Francisco River basin, but the Paraopeba River receives, along its course, the discharge of many types of effluents that affect fish species, including widely consumed species such as Prochilodus argenteus. This study evaluated histological and molecular changes caused by chronic exposure to heavy metals in P. argenteus from the Paraopeba River and compared this to fish from the non-impacted Abaete River. Sampled fish from both rivers were used in histological analyses and immunohistochemical assays. The results showed increased incidence of histopathologies and changes in number and morphology of germline cells in both sexes. In addition, up-regulated expression of oestrogens-induced proteins in the liver of males were detected in polluted environment. All the alterations were related to the concentration of metals in water and fish. The high concentration of various metals observed in water and fish from Paraopeba River serves as an alert to the environmental and public health regulatory authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Paschoalini
- Morphology department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30161-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L A Savassi
- Morphology department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30161-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F P Arantes
- Post-Graduate Program in Vertebrate Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte 30535-610, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - E Rizzo
- Morphology department, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte 30161-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - N Bazzoli
- Post-Graduate Program in Vertebrate Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte 30535-610, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Dalzochio T, Rodrigues GZP, Simões LAR, de Souza MS, Petry IE, Andriguetti NB, Silva GJH, da Silva LB, Gehlen G. In situ monitoring of the Sinos River, southern Brazil: water quality parameters, biomarkers, and metal bioaccumulation in fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:9485-9500. [PMID: 29353360 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Sinos River is an important water supply in Southern Brazil and receives industrial, agricultural, and domestic effluents which may affect aquatic biota. Water physicochemical and microbiological analyses, biomarker responses (scaled mass index (SMI), gill histopathology, and micronucleus and nuclear abnormality (MN and NA) frequencies), and metal bioaccumulation in muscle were assessed in the fish species Bryconamericus iheringii (Characidae) captured at three sampling sites (S1, S2, and S3) in four sampling periods. The mean values of five parameters (total phosphorus, thermotolerant coliforms, aluminum, iron, and lead) exceeded the limits established by the Brazilian legislation at the three sampling sites. Although physicochemical analysis indicated higher impacts at S3, in some samples, significantly higher MN frequencies and bioaccumulation of manganese in fish muscle were observed at S1, whereas low SMI and higher concentrations of aluminum and zinc in fish muscle were found at S2. Histopathological alterations in gills were observed in fish collected at the three sampling sites; however, no spatial differences were observed, indicating similar environmental conditions with respect to this biomarker. Moreover, temporal variation of biomarker responses and metal bioaccumulation were found at all sampling sites. Furthermore, the consumption of fish from the Sinos River should be avoided given the concentrations of chromium (all samples), cadmium, and lead in fish muscle above the threshold for safe human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Dalzochio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Universidade Feevale, RS 239, 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS, CEP 93352-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luciano Basso da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Universidade Feevale, RS 239, 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS, CEP 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Günther Gehlen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Universidade Feevale, RS 239, 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS, CEP 93352-000, Brazil
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Dalzochio T, Ressel Simões LA, Santos de Souza M, Prado Rodrigues GZ, Petry IE, Andriguetti NB, Herbert Silva GJ, Gehlen G, Basso da Silva L. Water quality parameters, biomarkers and metal bioaccumulation in native fish captured in the Ilha River, southern Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:609-618. [PMID: 28963978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Ilha River is one of the main tributaries of the Sinos River, southern Brazil, and it is located in an area characterized by low population density and presence of agricultural activities. Thus, this study aimed to assess the water quality of two sites of the Ilha River (source and mouth, S1 and S2 respectively) in five sampling periods using water physicochemical and microbiological analyses, biomarkers, such as condition factor, micronucleus test, gill histopathological analysis, and metal bioaccumulation in the native fish Bryconamericus iheringii. Mean values of BOD5, thermotolerant coliforms, aluminum, iron and lead exceeded the limits established by the Brazilian legislation for surface waters at both sampling sites. Significant higher micronucleus, nuclear abnormalities and mucous cells frequencies were found at S2 in, at least, one sampling period, whereas fish from S1 presented significant lower condition factor, higher frequencies of lamellar alterations and higher concentrations of chromium and nickel in muscle. Additionally, concentrations of cadmium, chromium and lead in fish muscle exceeded the limits considered safe for human consumption at both sites in at least one sampling period. Data from our study evidenced the mouth of the Ilha River suffers from point genotoxic effects, whereas the source is also contaminated by metals, despite being located in an area under minor anthropic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Dalzochio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Universidade Feevale, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Günther Gehlen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Qualidade Ambiental, Universidade Feevale, Brazil
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Sales CF, Santos KPED, Rizzo E, Ribeiro RIMDA, Santos HBD, Thomé RG. Proliferation, survival and cell death in fish gills remodeling: From injury to recovery. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:10-18. [PMID: 28676337 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants found dispersed in water can cause irritations on the gills, challenge the immune system and prejudice the welfare of the fish. Here we investigated molecules linked to proliferation, survival, and cell death, as well as inflammatory and vascular control, in a model of fish gill remodeling, from injury to recovery. We assessed the gill histology and immunohistochemistry for PCNA, iNOS, HSP70, and Bax in Hypostomus francisci obtained from a river subjected to chronic anthropic influences and then after they were placed in water of good quality. A total of 30 H. francisci adult individuals were collected and distributed into two groups: euthanized on the day of capture (group 1) and maintained for 30 days in an aquarium (group 2). In all the fish from group 1, the primary and secondary lamellae showed hypertrophy of the respiratory epithelium, lamellar fusion, lifting of the epithelium, aneurysm, hyperemia, and vascular congestion. On the other hand, in all the fish from group 2, restoration of gill integrity was observed, and the primary and secondary lamellae showed a simple epithelium, absence of lamellar fusion, hypertrophy, and aneurysm. Gills of fish from group 1 had higher frequency of cells immunopositive for PCNA, iNOS, HSP70, and Bax than those of fish from group 2 (p < 0.05). The molecular and cellular mechanisms from injury to recovery were proposed, with a balance between survival and cell death signals being essential for determining the gill structure. In addition, the findings indicate that recovery of the structural organization of gills is possible if fishes are maintained in good-quality water, indicating the importance of the conservation of aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ferreira Sales
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos - LAPROTEC, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Ictiohistologia, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Keiza Priscila Enes Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos - LAPROTEC, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Ictiohistologia, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosy Iara Maciel de Azambuja Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Patologia Experimental - LAPATEX, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hélio Batista Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos - LAPROTEC, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ralph Gruppi Thomé
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos - LAPROTEC, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Marcon L, Lopes DS, Mounteer AH, Goulart AMA, Leandro MV, Dos Anjos Benjamin L. Pathological and histometric analysis of the gills of female Hyphessobrycon eques (Teleostei:Characidae) exposed to different concentrations of the insecticide Dimilin(®). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 131:135-142. [PMID: 27232206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Female individuals of Hyphessobrycon eques were exposed to Diflubenzuron (Dimilin(®)) in order to determine whether exposure to sublethal levels of this insecticide causes changes in gill morphology. Fish were exposed to 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0mgL(-1) for 96h and 17 days and then submitted to pathological and histometric evaluation. Pathological lesions, such as hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, vascular congestion, secondary lamellar disarray, vasodilatation, hemorrhage and increased lamellar epithelium, were significantly more common in the gills of fish exposed to Dimilin(®) than the control. Histometric analysis documented significant changes in blood vessel diameter, primary lamellae width and secondary lamellae length, and the appearance of hemorrhage foci in all concentrations tested. Even at low Dimilin(®) concentrations, the histopathological alteration index was mild to moderate, thereby indicating that the function of this tissue was compromised. These findings indicate that indiscriminate use of Dimilin(®) can adversely affect the structural integrity of the gills of H. eques, which can cause numerous problems for fish farming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Marcon
- Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Zoologia de Vertebrados da PUC Minas, Avenue Dom José Gaspar, 500, Coração Eucarístico, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
| | - Diego Senra Lopes
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenue Peter Henry Rolfs S/N, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ann Honor Mounteer
- Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenue Peter Henry Rolfs S/N, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Amara Manarino Andrade Goulart
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenue Peter Henry Rolfs S/N, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Mila Vasques Leandro
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenue Peter Henry Rolfs S/N, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Laércio Dos Anjos Benjamin
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenue Peter Henry Rolfs S/N, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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11
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Zena R, Speciale A, Calabrò C, Calò M, Palombieri D, Saija A, Cimino F, Trombetta D, Lo Cascio P. Exposure of sea bream (Sparus aurata) to toxic concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene: possible human health effect. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:116-125. [PMID: 26232038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can accumulate in the food chain, due to their lipophilic properties. Fish can accumulate contaminants including PAHs and frequent consumption of such contaminated fish can pose risk to human health. The aim of this study was to clarify if acute exposure of sea bream (Sparus aurata, a fish species of great economic importance in the Atlantic and Mediterranean areas) to a PAH, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), at a dose that can induce CYP1A and pathological changes in fish gills, liver and muscle, can induce accumulation in muscle. We investigated the cytotoxic effects (as changes in cell viability, DNA laddering and glutathione content) of in vitro exposure of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to organic extracts obtained from muscle of sea breams previously exposed via water to B[a]P (2mg/l, for 12, 24 and 72 h). At this level of exposure, B[a]P caused morphological changes, inflammatory response and CYP1A induction not only in sea bream gills and liver but also in muscle; furthermore, in fish muscle we observed a substantial B[a]P accumulation, which may be associated with the increased CYP1A activity in liver and especially in muscle. However, when PBMCs were exposed to organic extracts obtained from sea bream muscle contaminated with B[a]P, a toxic, although modest effect was revealed, consisting in a significant decrease in cell glutathione levels without alterations in cell viability and DNA laddering. This suggests that consumption of sea breams from B[a]P contaminated waters might represent a risk for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zena
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, V.le SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - A Speciale
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, V.le SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - C Calabrò
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Salita Sperone 31, S. Agata, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - M Calò
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - D Palombieri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Salita Sperone 31, S. Agata, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - A Saija
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, V.le SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - F Cimino
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, V.le SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - D Trombetta
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, V.le SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - P Lo Cascio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Salita Sperone 31, S. Agata, Messina, 98166, Italy
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Chen J, Chen Q, Lu XJ, Li CH. LECT2 improves the outcomes in ayu with Vibrio anguillarum infection via monocytes/macrophages. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:586-592. [PMID: 25462453 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) is reported to be a cytokine involved in the immune response against pathogenic microorganisms in fish. However, its accurate function in whole fish remains unclear. In this study, we provide the first report on the effect of LECT2 on fish defenses against pathogens in vivo. The administration of recombinant LECT2 improved the survival rate of Vibrio anguillarum infected ayu. The bacterial burden of V. anguillarum infected ayu was decreased in LECT2-treated ayu blood, liver, spleen, and kidney compared with saline control. In bacteria-infected ayu, LECT2 treatment altered the mRNA expression of cytokines, including TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-10, which are all important for the inflammatory response in fish. LECT2 treatment also reduced histological damage in bacteria-infected ayu, and increased peritoneal monocytes/macrophages in both healthy and infected ayu at 12 h post infection. When ayu monocytes/macrophages were depleted by clodronate-liposomes treatment, LECT2 treatment did not increase the survival rate of bacteria-infected fish compared with healthy control fish. Thus our results suggest that LECT2 can modulate host defense in ayu and mediate antibacterial protection against V. anguillarum through monocytes/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Pampanin DM, Larssen E, Øysæd KB, Sundt RC, Sydnes MO. Study of the bile proteome of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): Multi-biological markers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 101:161-168. [PMID: 25440786 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PAH metabolites present in bile are well-known biological markers of exposure in fish, and their investigation is recommended by the ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) and the OSPAR convention (Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic) for monitoring purposes. Development of analytical strategies for fish bile is encouraged by the need for more sensitive and informative markers (e.g., capable of tracking the PAH composition of contamination sources) and strengthened by recent results in both fish genomics and proteomics. Herein, the study of the Atlantic cod bile proteome is presented. Preliminary testing for discovering new sensitive markers in the form of expressed proteins affected by PAH exposure (i.e., PAH-protein adducts) is reported. Protein markers were identified using LC-MS/MS analysis, as single biological indicators. Through multivariate analyses, the overall proteome was revealed to be a sensitive multi-biological marker of exposure to PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Pampanin
- IRIS-Environment, International Research Institute of Stavanger, Mekjarvik 12, NO-4070 Randaberg, Norway.
| | - Eivind Larssen
- IRIS-Environment, International Research Institute of Stavanger, Mekjarvik 12, NO-4070 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Kjell Birger Øysæd
- IRIS-Environment, International Research Institute of Stavanger, Mekjarvik 12, NO-4070 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Rolf C Sundt
- IRIS-Environment, International Research Institute of Stavanger, Mekjarvik 12, NO-4070 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Magne O Sydnes
- IRIS-Environment, International Research Institute of Stavanger, Mekjarvik 12, NO-4070 Randaberg, Norway; Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway
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