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Qin L, Qian Q, Chen A, Zhang Y, Tang X, Yin T, Jiang Q, Zhang X, Gao X. Isolation and the pathogenicity characterization of Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) from diseased Macrobrachium nipponense and its activation on host immune response. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 146:109403. [PMID: 38266793 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The high morbidity and mortality of Macrobrachium nipponense occurred in several farms in China, with cardinal symptoms of slow swimming, loss of appetite, empty of intestine, reddening of the hepatopancreas and gills. The pathogen has been confirmed as Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1), namely DIV1-mn, by molecular epidemiology, histopathological examination, TEM observation, challenge experiment, and viral load detection. Histopathological analysis showed severe damage in hepatopancreas and gills of diseased prawns, exhibited few eosinophilic inclusions and pyknosis, and TEM of diseased prawns revealed that icosahedral virus particles existed in hepatopancreas and gill, which confirmed the disease of the farmed prawns caused by the DIV1 infection. Besides, challenge tests showed LD50 of DIV1 to M. nipponense was determined to be 2.14 × 104 copies/mL, and real-time PCR revealed that M. nipponense had a very high DIV1 load in the hemocytes, gills and hepatopancreas after infection. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was undertaken to investigated the expression of six immune-related genes in DIV1-infected M. nipponense after different time points, and the results revealed UCHL3, Relish, Gly-Cru2, CTL, MyD88 and Hemocyanin were significantly up-regulated in hemocytes, gills and hepatopancreas, which revealed various expression patterns in response to DIV1 infection. This study revealed that DIV1 infection is responsible for the mass mortality of M. nipponense, one of the important crustacean species, indicating its high susceptibility to DIV1. Moreover, this study will contribute to exploring the interaction between the host and DIV1 infection, specifically in terms of understanding how M. nipponense recognizes and eliminates the invading of DIV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qieqi Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Anting Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinzhe Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Tianchi Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Jiang H, Li H, Liu X, Zhang S, Li X, Wang L, Zhang M, Yu M, Li X, Qiao Z. The identification of a serpin with immune defense role in oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129747. [PMID: 38281536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Serpins are a protein superfamily of serine protease inhibitors. One of their functions is to participate in immune responses by inhibiting the activation of prophenoloxidase. To elucidate the immune role of serpin in Macrobrachium nipponense, a serpin gene (Mnserpin) was cloned from M. nipponense in this study. Mnserpin protein has an N-terminal signal peptide and a serpin domain that contains a hinge region, a signature sequence of serpin and a P1(arginine)-P1' scissile bond, and evolutionally closely related to the crustacean serpins. Mnserpin highly expressed in the hepatopancreas and gill. Mnserpin expression increased first and then decreased after Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila infection, and was knocked down by dsMnserpin injection with a maximum knockdown efficiency of 92 %. Mnserpin knockdown increased the expression of the clip domain serine protease and prophenoloxidase genes and phenoloxidase activity of M. nipponense as well as its mortality rate after V. parahaemolyticus and A. hydrophila infection. The recombinant Mnserpin (rMnserpin) showed bacteria-binding and bacteriostatic activity in vitro. Moreover, rMnserpin injection decreased the bacterial number and the mortality rate of M. nipponense post V. parahaemolyticus and A. hydrophila infection. These results suggested that Mnserpin plays a major role in the innate immune response of M. nipponense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Jiang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
| | - Huanxin Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Xuewei Liu
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Miao Yu
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Zhigang Qiao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
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Chen T, Yuan H, Qiao H, Jiang S, Zhang W, Xiong Y, Fu H, Jin S. Mn-XRN1 Has an Inhibitory Effect on Ovarian Reproduction in Macrobrachium nipponense. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1454. [PMID: 37510358 PMCID: PMC10380074 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
XRN1 is an exoribonuclease that degrades mRNA in the cytoplasm along the 5'-3' direction. A previous study indicated that it may be involved in the reproduction of Macrobrachium nipponense. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Mn-XRN1. At the tissue level, Mn-XRN1 was significantly expressed in the ovary. During development, Mn-XRN1 was significantly expressed at the CS stage of the embryo, on the 10th day post-larval and in the O2 stage of ovarian reproduction. The in situ hybridization results showed the location of Mn-XRN1 in the ovary. The expression of Mn-VASA was significantly increased after in vivo injection of Mn-XRN1 dsRNA. This suggests that Mn-XRN1 negatively regulates the expression of Mn-VASA. Furthermore, we counted the number of M. nipponense at various stages of ovarian reproduction on different days after RNAi. The results showed that ovarian development was significantly accelerated. In general, the results of the present study indicate that Mn-XRN1 has an inhibitory effect on the ovarian maturation of M. nipponense. The inhibitory effect might be through negative regulation of Mn-VASA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyong Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Huwei Yuan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yiwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Shubo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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Wang J, Jiang S, Zhang W, Xiong Y, Jin S, Cheng D, Zheng Y, Qiao H, Fu H. Function Analysis of Cholesterol 7-Desaturase in Ovarian Maturation and Molting in Macrobrachium nipponense: Providing Evidence for Reproductive Molting Progress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086940. [PMID: 37108104 PMCID: PMC10138363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cholesterol 7-desaturase gene plays an important role in insect ecdysone synthesis, but its role in ovarian development has not been reported. In this study, characteristics and the phylogenetic relationship of Cholesterol 7-desaturase were identified by bioinformatics. qPCR showed that the Mn-CH7D gene was highly expressed in the ovary, which was much higher than that in other tissues, and the expression level of Mn-CH7D reached the highest level at the third stage of the ovarian development stage (O-III). During embryonic development, the Mn-CH7D gene expression was highest in the zoea stage. The function of the Mn-CH7D gene was explored by RNA interference. The experimental group was injected with Mn-CH7D dsRNA through the pericardial cavity of M. nipponense, while the control group was injected with the same volume of dsGFP. Statistical analysis of gonadal development and GSI calculation showed that the silencing of Mn-CH7D resulted in the suppression of gonadal development. In addition, the molting frequency of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group during the second molting cycle after silencing Mn-CH7D. On the seventh day after silencing, ecdysone content in the experimental group was significantly reduced. These results demonstrated that the Mn-CH7D gene played a dual role in ovarian maturation and molting of M. nipponense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yiwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Shubo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yalu Zheng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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King K, Bramucci AR, Labbate M, Raina JB, Seymour JR. Heterogeneous Growth Enhancement of Vibrio cholerae in the Presence of Different Phytoplankton Species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0115822. [PMID: 36000870 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01158-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a ubiquitously distributed human pathogen that naturally inhabits marine and estuarine ecosystems. Two serogroups are responsible for causing cholera epidemics, O1 and O139, but several non-O1 and non-O139 V. cholerae (NOVC) strains can induce cholera-like infections. Outbreaks of V. cholerae have previously been correlated with phytoplankton blooms; however, links to specific phytoplankton species have not been resolved. Here, the growth of a NOVC strain (S24) was measured in the presence of different phytoplankton species, alongside phytoplankton abundance and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). During 14-day experiments, V. cholerae S24 was cocultured with strains of the axenic phytoplankton species Actinocyclus curvatulus, Cylindrotheca closterium, a Pseudoscourfieldia sp., and a Picochlorum sp. V. cholerae abundances significantly increased in the presence of A. curvatulus, C. closterium, and the Pseudoscourfieldia sp., whereas abundances significantly decreased in the Picochlorum sp. coculture. V. cholerae growth was significantly enhanced throughout the cogrowth experiment with A. curvatulus, whereas when grown with C. closterium and the Pseudoscourfieldia sp., growth only occurred during the late stationary phase of the phytoplankton growth cycle, potentially coinciding with a release of DOC from senescent phytoplankton cells. In each of these cases, significant correlations between phytoplankton-derived DOC and V. cholerae cell abundances occurred. Notably, the presence of V. cholerae also promoted the growth of A. curvatulus and Picochlorum spp., highlighting potential ecological interactions. Variations in abundances of NOVC identified here highlight the potential diversity in V. cholerae-phytoplankton ecological interactions, which may inform efforts to predict outbreaks of NOVC in coastal environments. IMPORTANCE Many environmental strains of V. cholerae do not cause cholera epidemics but remain a public health concern due to their roles in milder gastrointestinal illnesses. With emerging evidence that these infections are increasing due to climate change, determining the ecological drivers that enable outbreaks of V. cholerae in coastal environments is becoming critical. Links have been established between V. cholerae abundance and chlorophyll a levels, but the ecological relationships between V. cholerae and specific phytoplankton species are unclear. Our research demonstrated that an environmental strain of V. cholerae (serogroup 24) displays highly heterogenous interactions in the presence of different phytoplankton species with a relationship to the dissolved organic carbon released by the phytoplankton species. This research points toward the complexity of the interactions of environmental strains of V. cholerae with phytoplankton communities, which we argue should be considered in predicting outbreaks of this pathogen.
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Guma S, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Wu C, Chen Z, Xu J, Jiang Q, Zhang X, Wang C, Gao X. The pathogenic characterization of Citrobacter freundii and its activation on immune related genes in Macrobrachium nipponense. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105682. [PMID: 35850373 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Out breaks of mass mortalities occurred in Macrobrachium nipponense farms in Jintan county, Jiangsu Province. The bacterial isolates from M. nipponense exhibited the same phenotypic traits and biochemical characteristics, and were identified as Citrobacter freundii according to biochemical characteristics and molecular identification. The infection test revealed that the strain YG2 was pathogenic to M. nipponense, and the half lethal dose (LD50) was 3.35 × 105 CFU/mL at 7 d post-infection. Detection of virulence genes indicated that YG2 was positive for cfa, ureG, ureF, ureE, ureD, viaB, ompX, and LDH. Furthermore, the results of extracellular enzyme analysis revealed that the strain can produce protease, amylase, lecithin, urease, and hemolysin. Antibiotic resistance results showed that the isolate was resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, aboren, doxycycline, neomycin, penicillin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. The expression level of MyD88, α2M, CDSP, and Relish were detected in hepatopancreas, hemolymph, gills and intestine tissues by quantitive real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and clear transcriptional activation of these genes were observed in M. nipponense after C. freundii infection. These results revealed pathogenicity of C. freundii and its activation of host immune response, which will provide a scientific reference for the breeding and disease prevention in M. nipponense culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheham Guma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ziyan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Congcong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Jiangsu Jiakexing Crab Industry Co. Ltd., Yangzhou, 225116, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Zhou Y, Gu S, Li J, Ji P, Zhang Y, Wu C, Jiang Q, Gao X, Zhang X. Complete Genome Analysis of Highly Pathogenic Non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae Isolated From Macrobrachium rosenbergii Reveals Pathogenicity and Antibiotic Resistance-Related Genes. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:882885. [PMID: 35664858 PMCID: PMC9159153 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.882885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae is a highly virulent pathogen that causes mass mortalities of various aquatic animals. In the present study, we sequenced the whole genome of non-O1/O139 V. cholerae GXFL1-4, isolated from Macrobrachium rosenbergii, to reveal the pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. The result showed its genome contained two circular chromosomes and one plasmid with a total size of 4,282,243 bp, which harbored 3,869 coding genes. Among them, 3,047, 2,659, and 3,661 genes were annotated in the Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), respectively. In addition, 372 potential virulence genes were predicted based on the Virulence Factor Database (VFDB) database, such as type II, III, IV, and VI secretion systems related genes, flagella genes, and pilus formation or motility-related genes. Blast results in the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) database showed that the strain contained 148 antibiotic resistance-related genes belonging to 27 categories, such as efflux pump complex antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic resistance gene cluster genes. The Pathogen-Host Interaction (PHI) database annotated 320 genes related to pathogen-host interaction, such as T3SS, virulence regulatory factors, transcriptional regulators, and two-component response regulator related genes. The whole-genome analysis suggested that the pathogenic non-O1/O139 V. cholerae strain GXFL1-4 might have a complex molecular mechanism of pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. This study provides a wealth of information about non-O1/O139 V. cholerae genes related to its pathogenicity and drug resistance and will facilitate the understanding of its pathogenesis as well as the development of prevention and treatment strategies for the pathogen.
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Gao X, Zhang Z, Qian Q, Chen Q, Gu S, Li J, Zhang Y, Wu C, Jiang Q, Zhang X, Han J. Survival Characteristics and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Adaptive Response of the Aquatic Pathogen Non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae to Starvation Stress. Microbiol Spectr. [PMID: 35532354 PMCID: PMC9241822 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01939-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae is a pathogen of various aquatic organisms but requires major self-regulation to overcome environmental stress in the aquatic environment. However, its survival strategies under environmental stress are not well understood. The objective of this study was to describe the survival characteristics and changes in expression of stress resistance-related genes of non-O1/O139 V. cholerae after 6 months of starvation at room temperature. The results demonstrated that starved cells were still viable, exhibited shortened rods and shrinking surface, and maintained virulence to Macrobrachium rosenbergii. To investigate the changes in gene expression in non-O1/O139 V. cholerae under starvation stress, especially those involved in stress resistance, transcriptome profiles of starved and wild-type cells were determined. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in starved cells were identified, including 191 upregulated genes and 180 downregulated genes. Among these DEGs, the well-known stress resistance-related genes were upregulated significantly, including rpoS, rpoD, rpoN, rpoE, uspA, uspC, cspD, hslJ, etc. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the DEGs demonstrated that environmental adaptation-related categories, such as response to stimulus and signal transduction, were upregulated significantly in the starved cells, while cell motility was downregulated significantly. These DEGs were also enriched into 54 KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways, including biofilm formation, two-component system, quorum sensing, flagellar assembly, bacterial chemotaxis stress resistance-related pathways, etc. The potential existence of long-starved non-O1/O139 V. cholerae bacteria in the aquatic environment may raise new concerns about this devastating pathogen in aquaculture. IMPORTANCE Non-O1/O139 V. cholerae is a causal agent of vibriosis that can be subject to nutrient insufficiency and cause high rates of mortality in aquatic animals. However, its molecular mechanisms of survival in response to starvation stress have been investigated only partially. Here, we demonstrate that under starvation stress, non-O1/O139 V. cholerae can survive over the long term and cause disease by dwarfing of the cell structure, upregulation of a series of stress resistance-related genes, and downregulation of flagellum assembly-related genes. This knowledge can help the development of intervention strategies to control non-O1/O139 V. cholerae infection in aquaculture.
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Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhang H, Chen Y, Liu Y, Song Y, Ai X. Vibrio cholerae was found in cultured bullfrog. Epidemiol Infect 2022;:1-17. [PMID: 35130995 DOI: 10.1017/S0950268822000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullfrog is one of the most important economic aquatic animals in China that is widely cultured in southern China and is a key breed recommended as an industry of poverty alleviation in China. During recent years, a fatal bacterial disease has often been found in cultured bullfrogs. The clinical manifestations of the diseased bullfrogs were severe intestinal inflammation and an anal prolapse. A bacterial pathogen was isolated from the diseased bullfrog intestines. The bacterium was identified as Vibrio cholerae using morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. In this study, V. cholerae was isolated and identified in diseased bullfrogs for the first time, providing a basis for the diagnosis and control of the disease. Therefore, attention should be paid to the modes of transmission of V. cholerae from bullfrog and formulate reasonable safety measures.
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Zhu T, Xu L, Peng J, Chen M, Xu H. Molecular characteristics and immune function of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L3 in Macrobrachium nipponense. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 121:295-304. [PMID: 35032678 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L3 (UCHL3) is a deubiquitinating enzyme involved in the repair mechanism of homologous recombinations of DNA double strand breaks (DBS). However, the role of UCHL3 in crustacean immune regulation has not been studied. In this experiment, we cloned and analyzed the expression profile of the UCHL3 gene from Macrobrachium nipponense (MnUCHL3). The obtained full-length cDNA of the MnUCHL3 transcript was 1192 bp, and it had a 687 bp open reading frame encoding a 228 amino acid protein, and the structure of UCHL3 is highly similar to that of other invertebrates. Real-time PCR results indicated that MnUCHL3 was expressed in all detected tissues, with the highest expression levels in the hepatopancreas, and the expression of MnUCHL3 in the gill and hepatopancreas was downregulated to different degrees within 48 h after the infection of viruses and bacteria. Furthermore, knockdown of MnUCHL3 expression by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) injection in Aeromonas hydrophila-infected prawns increased prawn mortality and bacterial growth. In addition, overexpression of MnUCHL3 in HEK293T cells in vitro suggested that MnUCHL3 could activate the NF-κB signal path and the expression levels of NF-κB signaling cascade members and AMPs, exhibiting remarkable downregulation in the MnUCHL3-silenced group. The above experimental conclusions revealed that UCHL3 gene might be involved in the innate immune response to bacterial infection by regulating the synthesis of a series of AMPs, and these results might provide new insights into UCHL3 in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyao Zhu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liaoyi Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiacheng Peng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haisheng Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China; South Taihu Lake Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Center of Huzhou, Zhejiang University, 768, Luwang Road, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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11
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Yudiati E, Azhar N, Achmad MJ, Sunaryo S, Susanto A, Yulianto B, Alghazeer RO, Alansari WS, Shamlan G. Alginate poly and oligosaccharide (AOS) from Sargassum sp. as immunostimulant in gnotobiotic artemia challenge tests and antibacterial diffusion disc assay against pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi. MGC 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alginate is a polysaccharide derived from Sargassum sp. and is a potent immunostimulant with antibacterial activity, including against Vibrio spp. This genus of bacteria is found in freshwater and marine environments and is a common infectious, pathogenic bacteria both for aquatic cultivans and humans. Here, we determined the ability of sodium alginate polysaccharides and oligosaccharides (AOS) to act as immunostimulants in Artemia challenge tests and antibacterial diffusion disc assays against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. harveyi. The AOS was produced by thermal heating. Dry sodium alginates were weighed out from 4.21 to 6.47 grams with a yield varying from 21.05 to 32.35%. Alginate polysaccharides were challenged against V harveyi and showed 8 positive results. The highest inhibitor zone was 12.962±3.623 mm. Based on 18 tests, AOS showed 12 positive results, with the highest inhibitor zone being 10.250±0.09 mm. The encapsulated alginate against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, and the non-challenged tests without any Vibrio spp. addition resulted in the best concentrations of 800 ppm (polysaccharide) and 600 ppm (oligosaccharide), respectively. The lower concentration of oligosaccharides alginate were more effective and has the potential to be superior as an antibacterial agent and immunestimulant, as opposed to alginate polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervia Yudiati
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Nuril Azhar
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Janib Achmad
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Khairun University, Ternate City, North Maluku, Indonesia
| | - Sunaryo Sunaryo
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Adi Susanto
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Yulianto
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Rabia O. Alghazeer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Wafa S. Alansari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Liu B, Wang H, Jiang Z, Qin W, Zhou C, Huang X, Huang Y, Ren Q. Identification of four Spätzle genes (MnSpz1, MnSpz2, MnSpz2-isoform, and MnSpz3) and their roles in the innate immunity of Macrobrachium nipponense. Dev Comp Immunol 2022; 126:104254. [PMID: 34478777 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spätzle, an extracellular ligand of the Toll receptor, is involved in the innate immunity of crustaceans. In this study, four Spätzle genes were cloned from Macrobrachium nipponense and designed as MnSpz1, MnSpz2, MnSpz2-isoform, and MnSpz3. The coding region of the four Spätzle genes all contained one intron and two exons, and they were predicted to be produced by gene duplication based on sequence similarities and phylogenetic tree. The predicted MnSpz1, MnSpz2, and MnSpz3 proteins all contained a signal peptide and a Spätzle domain. No signal peptide but a Spätzle domain existed in MnSpz2-isoform because of frameshift mutation caused by 50 bp nucleotide deletion compared with MnSpz2. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that MnSpz1, MnSpz2, and MnSpz3 were expressed in all the detected tissues of M. nipponense, and MnSpz2 was found to be the major isoform in the heart, gills, stomach, and intestine. After stimulation by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, or White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the expression levels of MnSpz1, MnSpz2, and MnSpz3 changed. Given the high similarities among MnSpz1-3, RNA interference (RNAi) using dsRNA of MnSpz1 inhibited the expression of the three Spätzle genes (MnSpz1, MnSpz2 and MnSpz3). Silencing of MnSpz1-3 down-regulated the expression levels of nine antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes in M. nipponense. After Knockdown of MnSpzs, the number of V. parahaemolyticus, S. aureus and WSSV copies in M. nipponense increased significantly in vivo. Our results suggest that Spätzles are involved in the innate immunity of M. nipponense. The expansion of MnSpz genes through gene duplication is beneficial to enhance the innate immune defense ability of M. nipponense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beixiang Liu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Zuosheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Chengxiang Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China.
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13
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Soo TCC, Bhassu S. Differential STAT gene expressions of Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii in response to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and bacterial infections: Additional insight into genetic variations and transcriptomic highlights. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258655. [PMID: 34653229 PMCID: PMC8519450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases have remained the major issue for shrimp aquaculture industry for decades by which different shrimp species demonstrated alternative disease resistance or tolerance. However, there had been insufficient studies on the underlying host mechanisms of such phenomenon. Hence, in this study, the main objective involves gaining a deeper understanding into the functional importance of shrimp STAT gene from the aspects of expression, sequence, structure, and associated genes. STAT gene was selected primarily because of its vital signalling roles in stress, endocrine, and immune response. The differential gene expressions of Macrobrachium rosenbergii STAT (MrST) and Penaeus monodon STAT (PmST) under White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus/VpAHPND infections were identified through qPCR analysis. Notably, during both pathogenic infections, MrST demonstrated significant gene expression down-regulations (during either early or later post-infection time points) whereas PmST showed only significant gene expression up-regulations. Important sequence conservation or divergence was highlighted through STAT sequence comparison especially amino acid alterations at 614 aa [K (Lysine) to E (Glutamic Acid)] and 629 aa [F (Phenylalanine) to V (Valine)] from PmST (AY327491.1) to PmST (disease tolerant strain). There were significant differences observed between in silico characterized structures of MrST and PmST proteins. Important functional differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the aspects of stress, endocrine, immune, signalling, and structural were uncovered through comparative transcriptomic analysis. The DEGs associated with STAT functioning were identified including inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, hsp90, caspase, ATP binding cassette transmembrane transporter, C-type Lectin, HMGB, ALF1, ALF3, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and TBK1. The main findings of this study are STAT differential gene expression patterns, sequence divergence, structural differences, and associated functional DEGs. These findings can be further utilized for shrimp health or host response diagnostic studies. STAT gene can also be proposed as a suitable candidate for future studies of shrimp innate immune enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Chiew Christie Soo
- Faculty of Science, Animal Genetics and Genome Evolutionary Laboratory (AGAGEL), Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subha Bhassu
- Faculty of Science, Animal Genetics and Genome Evolutionary Laboratory (AGAGEL), Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Terra Aqua Laboratory, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Research Management and Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cheng Y, Ge C, Li W, Yao H. The Intestinal Bacterial Community and Functional Potential of Litopenaeus vannamei in the Coastal Areas of China. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1793. [PMID: 34576689 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria are crucial for the healthy aquaculture of Litopenaeus vannamei, and the coastal areas of China are important areas for concentrated L. vannamei cultivation. In this study, we evaluated different compositions and structures, key roles, and functional potentials of the intestinal bacterial community of L. vannamei shrimp collected in 12 Chinese coastal cities and investigated the correlation between the intestinal bacteria and functional potentials. The dominant bacteria in the shrimp intestines included Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, and the main potential functions were metabolism, genetic information processing, and environmental information processing. Although the composition and structure of the intestinal bacterial community, potential pathogenic bacteria, and spoilage organisms varied from region to region, the functional potentials were homeostatic and significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with intestinal bacteria (at the family level) to different degrees. The correlation between intestinal bacteria and functional potentials further suggested that L. vannamei had sufficient functional redundancy to maintain its own health. These findings help us understand differences among the intestinal bacterial communities of L. vannamei cultivated in different regions and provide a basis for the disease management and healthy aquaculture of L. vannamei.
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Chen D, Li X, Ni L, Xu D, Xu Y, Ding Y, Xie L, Chen L. First Experimental Evidence for the Presence of Potentially Toxic Vibrio cholerae in Snails, and Virulence, Cross-Resistance and Genetic Diversity of the Bacterium in 36 Species of Aquatic Food Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:412. [PMID: 33918855 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the most common waterborne pathogen that can cause pandemic cholera in humans. Continuous monitoring of V. cholerae contamination in aquatic products is crucial for assuring food safety. In this study, we determined the virulence, cross-resistance between antibiotics and heavy metals, and genetic diversity of V. cholerae isolates from 36 species of aquatic food animals, nearly two-thirds of which have not been previously detected. None of the V. cholerae isolates (n = 203) harbored the cholera toxin genes ctxAB (0.0%). However, isolates carrying virulence genes tcpA (0.98%), ace (0.5%), and zot (0.5%) were discovered, which originated from the snail Cipangopaludina chinensis. High occurrences were observed for virulence-associated genes, including hapA (73.4%), rtxCABD (68.0–41.9%), tlh (54.2%), and hlyA (37.9%). Resistance to moxfloxacin (74.9%) was most predominant resistance among the isolates, followed by ampicillin (59.1%) and rifampicin (32.5%). Approximately 58.6% of the isolates displayed multidrug resistant phenotypes. Meanwhile, high percentages of the isolates tolerated the heavy metals Hg2+ (67.0%), Pb2+ (57.6%), and Zn2+ (57.6%). Distinct virulence and cross-resistance profiles were discovered among the V. cholerae isolates in 13 species of aquatic food animals. The ERIC-PCR-based genome fingerprinting of the 203 V. cholerae isolates revealed 170 ERIC-genotypes, which demonstrated considerable genomic variation among the isolates. Overall, the results of this study provide useful data to fill gaps for policy and research related to the risk assessment of V. cholerae contamination in aquatic products.
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Chen Q, Zhang Z, Tang H, Zhou L, Ao S, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Gao X, Jiang Q, Tu C, Zhang X. Aeromonas hydrophila associated with red spot disease in Macrobrachium nipponense and host immune-related gene expression profiles. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 182:107584. [PMID: 33811849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In September 2018, a serious disease causing high mortality with red spot syndrome occurred in a Macrobrachium nipponense aquaculture farm in Jintan County, Jiangsu Province, China. In this study, a pathogenic isolate 5-S3 was isolated from diseased M. nipponense and was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila by phenotypically and molecularly. The pathogenicity of the isolate 5-S3 to M. nipponense was determined by challenge experiments. Results of artificial challenge showed A. hydrophila was pathogenic to M. nipponense, the LD50 was 9.58 × 104 CFU/mL, and histopathological analysis revealed that the hepatopancreas of infected M. nipponense exhibited obvious inflammatory responses to A. hydrophila infection. The isolate showed significant phenotypical activities such as the lecithinase, esterase, caseinase and hemolysin which are indicative of their virulence potential. Besides, virulence genes such as aerA, act, fla, ahpβ, alt, lip, eprCAI, hlyA, acg and gcaT were detected in the isolate 5-S3. Subsequently, the immune-related genes expression in M. nipponense were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the results showed that the expression levels of dorsal, relish, crustin1, crustin2, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors 1 (ALF1), anti-lipopolysaccharide factors 2 (ALF2), hemocyanin, i-lysozyme and prophenoloxidase were significantly up-regulated in hepatopancreas of M. nipponense after A. hydrophila infection, the stat, p38, crustin3, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors 3 (ALF3) genes had no significant change during the infection. The present results reveal that A. hydrophila was an etiological agent causing red spot syndrome and mass mortality of M. nipponense and the influence of A. hydrophila infection on host immune genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zirui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huanyu Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Liying Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shiqi Ao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinhai Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chuandeng Tu
- Marine Science & Technology Institute, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, 5 Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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17
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Zhang C, Zhang R, Dai X, Cao X, Wang K, Huang X, Ren Q. Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) negatively regulates the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes through tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in Macrobrachium nipponense. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 107:26-35. [PMID: 33011434 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), a member of the bZIP transcription factor family, is involved in multiple physiological and developmental processes, yet its role in the innate immunity remains unclear. In this study, two isoforms (named as MnATF2a and MnATF2b) of ATF2 gene were identified in Macrobrachium nipponense and were produced by exon skipping. The full length of MnATF2a is 2328 bp with an open reading frame of 2079 bp that encode 692 amino acids. MnATF2a has 237 bp nucleotides more than MnATF2b and the extra 237 bp is a complete exon. MnATF2a and MnATF2b proteins contain the same conserved and typical bZIP domain at the C-terminus. MnATF2a has 79 amino acids more than MnATF2b. MnATF2a and MnATF2b are widely distributed in a variety of immune tissues. After Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus infection, the expression levels of MnATF2a and MnATF2b were significant up-regulated in the gills and stomach at 12 h. RNA interference analysis showed that knockdown of the total MnATF2 gene significantly inhibits the transcription of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and promotes the expression of crustins (including Cru3, Cru4, and Cru7). Further study showed that knockdown of MnTNF evidently increase the expression of Cru3, Cru4, and Cru7. Our research indicates that ATF2 negatively regulate the expression of AMPs by regulating the transcription of TNF in M. nipponense. This study provides valuable information about the function of ATF2 family in the innate immunity in crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210023, China
| | - Ruidong Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoling Dai
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210023, China
| | - Xueying Cao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210023, China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210023, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210023, China.
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210023, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong province, 250014, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu province, 222005, China.
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18
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Li Y, Liu Z, Li M, Jiang Q, Wu D, Huang Y, Jiao Y, Zhang M, Zhao Y. Effects of nanoplastics on antioxidant and immune enzyme activities and related gene expression in juvenile Macrobrachium nipponense. J Hazard Mater 2020; 398:122990. [PMID: 32516731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are widely distributed in aquatic environments, and nanoplastic pollution has become a global concern. However, few studies have evaluated the toxicity of nanoplastics to freshwater crustaceans. In this study, by adding different concentrations of nanoplastics to water, we explored the effects of nanoplastics on the survival, antioxidant activity, immune enzyme activity, and related gene expression levels in juvenile Macrobrachium nipponense. The results showed that the 96 -h half-lethal concentration of nanoplastics to juvenile shrimp was 396.391 mg/L. As the concentration of nanoplastics increased, the activities of antioxidant enzymes generally decreased, while the contents of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation products increased. The activities of non-specific immune enzymes first increased and then decreased with increasing nanoplastic concentration. The trends in the expressions of antioxidant-related genes were generally consistent with those in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. As the nanoplastic concentration increased, the expressions of immune-related genes generally increased at first and then decreased. These results indicate that low concentrations of nanoplastics (5 mg/L) may enhance the viability of juvenile shrimp, whereas high concentrations (10,20, 40 mg/L) have inhibitory and/or toxic effects. The findings provide basic information on the toxic effects of nanoplastics in juvenile shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Maofeng Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Youhui Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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19
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Hirsch N, Kappe E, Gangl A, Schwartz K, Mayer-Scholl A, Hammerl JA, Strauch E. Phenotypic and Genotypic Properties of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 Isolates Recovered from Domestic Ducks in Germany. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081104. [PMID: 32717968 PMCID: PMC7463538 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 bacteria are natural inhabitants of aquatic ecosystems and have been sporadically associated with human infections. They mostly lack the two major virulence factors of toxigenic V. cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 strains, which are the causative agent of cholera. Non-O1, non-O139 strains are found in water bodies, sediments, and in association with other aquatic organisms. Occurrence of these bacteria in fecal specimens of waterfowl were reported, and migratory birds likely contribute to the long-distance transfer of strains. We investigated four V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 isolates for phenotypic traits and by whole genome sequencing (WGS). The isolates were recovered from organs of domestic ducks with serious disease symptoms. WGS data revealed only a distant genetic relationship between all isolates. The isolates harbored a number of virulence factors found in most V. cholerae strains. Specific virulence factors of non-O1, non-O139 strains, such as the type III secretion system (TTSS) or cholix toxin, were observed. An interesting observation is that all isolates possess multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin toxins (MARTX) closely related to the MARTX of toxigenic El Tor O1 strains. Different primary sequences of the abundant OmpU proteins could indicate a significant role of this virulence factor. Phenotypic characteristics such as hemolysis and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) were studied. Three isolates showed susceptibility to a number of tested antimicrobials, and one strain possessed AMR genes located in an integron. Knowledge of the environmental occurrence of V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 in Germany is limited. The source of the infection of the ducks is currently unknown. In the context of the ‘One Health’ concept, it is desirable to study the ecology of V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139, as it cannot be excluded that the isolates possess zoonotic potential and could cause infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Hirsch
- Tiergesundheitsdienst Bayern, Bavarian Animal Health Service, 85586 Poing, Germany; (N.H.); (E.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Eva Kappe
- Tiergesundheitsdienst Bayern, Bavarian Animal Health Service, 85586 Poing, Germany; (N.H.); (E.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Armin Gangl
- Tiergesundheitsdienst Bayern, Bavarian Animal Health Service, 85586 Poing, Germany; (N.H.); (E.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Keike Schwartz
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (A.M.-S.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Anne Mayer-Scholl
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (A.M.-S.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Jens Andre Hammerl
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (A.M.-S.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Eckhard Strauch
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (A.M.-S.); (J.A.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Jiang Z, Li X, Gao X, Jiang Q, Chen Q, Zhang S, Tong S, Liu X, Zhu J, Zhang X. Pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila causing mass mortalities of Procambarus clarkia and its induced host immune response. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104376. [PMID: 32645422 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of mass mortalities among cultured Procambarus clarkia occurred in a commercial hatchery during the spring of 2019 in Jiangsu province of China. Here, we exploit the pathogenicity and immune response of Aeromonas hydrophila (GPC1-2), which was isolated from diseased P. clarkia. Crayfish challenged showed similar pathological signs to the naturally diseased P. clarkia, lethal dose 50% (LD50) of the strain GPC1-2 to P. clarkia was 3.8 × 106 CFU/mL. Detection of virulence-associated genes by PCR indicated that the strain GPC1-2 carried hlyA, aerA, alt, ast, act, aha, ahp, ahpA, and ahpB. Histopathological analysis of hepatopancreas revealed that the hepatic tubule lumen and the gap between the hepatic tubules became larger, and the brush border disappeared in the P. clarkia infected by GPC1-2. Quantitive real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was undertaken to measure mRNA expression levels for six immune-related genes in P. clarkia after A. hydrophila infection. The expression level of proPO, NOS, ALF1, TLR2, PX, and AST were detected in hemolymph, hepatopancreas, gill and intestine tissues, and clear transcriptional activation of these genes were observed in the infected individuals. These results revealed pathogenicity of A. hydrophila and its activation of host immune response, which will provide a scientific reference for the breeding and disease prevention in P. clarkia culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xixi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qiyun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shuangming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shuaiqi Tong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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21
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Huang Y, Ma FT, Ren Q. Function of the MOB kinase activator-like 1 in the innate immune defense of the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 102:440-448. [PMID: 32418908 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The monopolar spindle one binder (MOB) protein, a key signal transducer of the Hippo signaling pathway, is involved in growth control and cancer. In this study, a new MOB kinase activator-like 1 of the oriental river prawns, Macrobrachium nipponense, (MnMOB1) was isolated and characterized. The open reading frame of MnMOB1 consisted of 651 nucleotides that encoded 216 amino acid residues and contained the Mob1_phocein domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MnMOB1 clustered together with the MOB1 from Penaeus vannamei. The distribution of MnMOB1 expression in various tissues of normal prawn revealed that the MnMOB1 expression was highest in the hepatopancreas followed by those in the intestines, gill, heart, stomach, and hemocytes. In prawns challenged with Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the expression levels of MnMOB1 in the hepatopancreas, gills, and intestine were upregulated. Furthermore, the expression levels of crustins and anti-lipopolysaccharide factors in prawn injected with S. aureus and V. parahaemolyticus and MnMOB1 knockdown were significantly decreased relative to those in the control group. These findings indicated that MnMOB1 is involved in the regulation of antimicrobial peptide expression and plays a crucial role in the innate immunity of M. nipponense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China; Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Jiangsu Shuixian Industrial Company Limited, 40 Tonghu Road, Baoying, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225800, China
| | - Fu-Tong Ma
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China; College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China.
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Wang K, Dai X, Zhang C, Cao X, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Huang X, Ren Q. Two Wnt genes regulate the expression levels of antimicrobial peptides during Vibrio infection in Macrobrachium nipponense. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 101:225-233. [PMID: 32247046 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt signal transduction pathway is involved in a wide variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immunity against microbial infection. In the current study, we cloned and characterized two Wnt homologues (Mn-Wnt4 and Mn-Wnt16) in Macrobrachium nipponense. The full length cDNA of Mn-Wnt4 was 3144 bp with a 1074 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encoded a protein containing 358 amino acid residues. The full length cDNA of Mn-Wnt16 transcript was 2893 bp with a 1281 bp ORF that encoded a 427 amino acid protein. Mn-Wnt4 and Mn-Wnt16 proteins contained a highly conserved WNT1 domain. Tissue distribution analysis showed that Mn-Wnt4 and Mn-Wnt16 were highly expressed in the stomach. The transcriptional levels of Mn-Wnt4 and Mn-Wnt16 in the stomach were upregulated at most tested time points after bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and viral (White spot syndrome virus) infection. Moreover, the expression levels of some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) (including anti-lipopolysaccharide factor [ALF] and crustin [CRU]) were upregulated after V. parahaemolyticus infection. We further used dsRNA-mediated RNA interference technology to explore the relationship between these two Wnt genes and the expression levels of AMPs during V. parahaemolyticus infection. Mn-Wnt4 knockdown could significantly inhibit the expression of ALF1 and CRU4 in the stomach of V. parahaemolyticus-injected prawns, whereas Mn-Wnt16 silencing could result in the inhibition of the expression level of CRU3 and CRU4 in the stomach of V. parahaemolyticus-infected prawns. These findings indicated that the Wnt gene family might participate in the body's innate immune response to Vibrio infection by regulating the synthesis of a variety of AMPs. Our study will help to understand the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in the immune response of crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoling Dai
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Xueying Cao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Ruidong Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Zhuoxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China.
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, 222005, China.
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Pan XT, Li TT, Yang CH, Ren Q, Zhang XW. A toll receptor is involved in antibacterial defense in the oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 92:583-589. [PMID: 31247321 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the activation of innate immune response in animals. In this study, we identified a TLR from the oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense (MnToll1) and investigated its functions in immunity. The MnToll1 protein shares similar structural characteristics with other known Toll family proteins. MnToll1 transcripts are broadly distributed in all of the examined tissues, and its expression level was significantly up-regulated by bacterial challenge. RNAi-mediated knockdown of MnToll1 significantly impaired the survivability of Vibrio-challenged prawns. RNAi experiments also revealed that the expression of several antimicrobial peptide genes were regulated by MnToll1. Moreover, we found the extracellular region of MnToll1 could directly bind to bacteria and bacterial glycoconjugates. These findings suggest that MnToll1 function as a pattern recognition receptor to recognize invading pathogen and initiate downstream gene expression, to participate in antibacterial defense of M. nipponense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tong Pan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Cong-Hui Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
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Gao X, Miao Z, Li X, Chen N, Gu W, Liu X, Yang H, Wei W, Zhang X. Pathogenicity of non-O1/ O139 Vibrio cholerae and its induced immune response in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 92:300-307. [PMID: 31202968 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of mass mortalities occurred in Macrobrachium rosenbergii farms in Gaoyou county, Jiangsu Province of China. The bacterial isolates from M. rosenbergii exhibited the same phenotypic traits and biochemical characteristics, and were identified as non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae according to biochemical characteristics and molecular identification. In challenge test, M. rosenbergii infected with non-O1/O139 V. cholerae GXFL1-4 developed similar pathological signs to the naturally diseased prawns, and LD50 of the strain to M. rosenbergii was 4.5 × 106 CFU/mL at 96 h post-infection. Histopathological analysis revealed that hepatopancreas and intestines of diseased M. rosenbergii exhibited obvious inflammatory responses to non-O1/O139 V. cholerae infection. Detection virulence factors of the strain GXFL1-4 showed that the bacteria produced caseinase, lipase, amylase, lecithinase and hemolysin, and carried toxR, hlyA, ompW, ompU, hap, rtxA and rtxC virulence related genes, supporting the strong virulence to M. rosenbergii. Additionally, the immune related gene expression in M. rosenbergii evaluated by qRT-PCR analysis showed that HSP70, Crustin, Lysozyme, TRL1, ALF1, Lectin, Peroxinectin, proPO and SOD immune related genes were significantly up-regulated at 6 and 12 h after infection with GXFL1-4. The results of our study suggested that non-O1/O139 V. cholerae was an etiological element in the mass mortalities of M. rosenbergii and this study provided preliminary insights into the diversity in the immune response of M. rosenbergii to the bacterial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhen Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xixi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Nan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenwen Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wanhong Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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