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Abd-Elhakim YM, Mohamed AAR, Noreldin AE, Khamis T, Eskandrani AA, Shamlan G, Alansari WS, Alotaibi BS, Alosaimi ME, Hakami MA, Abuzahrah SS. Fenpropathrin provoked kidney damage via controlling the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis: The palliative role of curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 484:116869. [PMID: 38382713 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the ability of formulated curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CU-CS-NPs) to reduce the kidney damage resulting from fenpropathrin (FPN) in rats compared to curcumin (CU) in rats. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were separated into six groups and orally administered 1 mL/kg b.wt corn oil, 50 mg CU/kg b.wt, 50 mg CU-CS-NPs /kg b.wt., 15 mg FPN /kg b.wt, CU+ FPN or CU-CS-NPs + FPN for 60 days. Then, serum renal damage products were assessed. Total antioxidant capacity, reactive oxygen species, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), malondialdehyde, NF-κB P65, cleaved-Caspase-1, and Caspase-8 were estimated in kidney homogenates. The cleaved Caspase-3 and TNF-α immunoexpression and pyroptosis-related genes were determined in renal tissues. The results showed that CU-CS-NPS significantly repressed the FPN-induced increment in kidney damage products (urea, uric acid, and creatinine). Moreover, the FPN-associated hypo-proteinemia, renal oxidative stress and apoptotic reactions, and impaired renal histology were considerably repaired by CU and CU-CS-NPs. Additionally, compared to FPN-exposed rats, CU, and CU-CS-NPs-treated rats had considerably lower immunoexpression of cleaved Caspase-3 and TNF-α in renal tissue. The pyroptosis-related genes NLRP3, GSDMD, IL-18, Caspase-3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, Caspase-8, TNF-α, and NF-κB dramatically upregulated by FPN exposure in the renal tissues. Yet, in CU and CU-CS-NPs-treated rats, the gene above expression deviations were corrected. Notably, CU-CS-NPs were superior to CU in preventing oxidative damage and inflammation and regulating pyroptosis in the renal tissues of the FPN-exposed group. The results of the present study conclusively showed the superior favorable effect of CU-CS-NPs in counteracting renal impairment linked to environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Areej A Eskandrani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Medina 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa S Alansari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badriyah S Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manal E Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ageeli Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Al-Quwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah S Abuzahrah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 34, 21959, Saudi Arabia
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Sarwar MU, Waasia FZ, Aloqbi AA, Alandiyjany M, Alqahtani RM, Hafiz LA, Shamlan G, Albreiki M. Real-world effectiveness of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against variant of concerns: meta-analysis. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:245-253. [PMID: 38141544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has killed over 6 million people worldwide, making it the worst global health disaster since the 1918 influenza pandemic. Experts have worked to establish the source, track and analyse the disease, and produce treatment and preventative guidelines. Inactivated vaccines have little evidence of efficacy compared to mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines; however, three doses of both mRNA and inactivated vaccines appear to provide significant and lasting protection against severe disease and mortality. This study examines inactivated vaccine effectiveness data by disease status, age, gender, primary immunisation, booster doses, and SARS-CoV2 virus types. METHODS We conducted a quantitative epidemiological meta-analysis study to assess the vaccine effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Data extraction was performed on the selected studies, and data analysis was conducted using a random-effects model to determine consolidated assessments of vaccine effectiveness. Subgroup analyses were conducted for gender, age, disease level, and vaccine status, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results. RESULTS The overall effect size of inactivated COVID-19 vaccinations was statistically significant (p-value<0.05), suggesting that complete vaccination should be the primary method of vaccination. Partial vaccination was associated with lower levels of vaccine effectiveness (70.18 95% CI 57.33-83.02) than complete vaccination (79.52 95% CI 67.88-91.71)) and booster vaccination (84.22 95% CI 74.34-94.10), suggesting that it is essential to finish the recommended vaccine series and receive booster doses. Fig.-3: Partially vaccinated individuals showed a vaccine effect size of 70.18 (95% CI 57.33-83.02), indicating that the vaccine was moderately effective in preventing COVID-19 among this group. Fully vaccinated individuals showed a vaccine effect size of 79.52 (95% CI 67.88-91.71), indicating a higher level of vaccine effectiveness. Finally, booster-vaccinated individuals showed a vaccine effect size of 84.22 (95% CI 74.34-94.10), indicating the highest level of vaccine effectiveness. CONCLUSION Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective in preventing COVID-19, and complete vaccination and booster vaccination are associated with higher levels of vaccine effectiveness compared to partial vaccination. These findings highlight the importance of completing the recommended vaccine series and receiving booster doses to provide greater protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fathimathuz Zehra Waasia
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Akram Ahmed Aloqbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher Alandiyjany
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Quality and Development Affair, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Mohammed Alqahtani
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of food science and agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Albreiki
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Biosecurity Affairs Division, Innovation and Development Sector, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Shamlan G, Albreiki M, Almasoudi HO, Alshehri LA, Ghaith MM, Alharthi AS, Aleanizy FS. Nutritional status of elderly patients previously ill with COVID-19: Assessment with nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and mini nutritional assessment (MNA-sf). J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:372-377. [PMID: 38217931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term effects of COVID-19 showed a wide range of symptoms. Also, it was found that older patients were five times more likely than younger patients to develop long-COVID symptoms (1). This study aimed to investigate the use of Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and the Mini Nutrition Assessment-Short Form (MNA-sf) among COVID-19 in elderly patients in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A total of (n = 159) COVID-19 elderly patients were recruited in the study; the relationship between patients' characteristics, including age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), infection history, vaccination and chronic disease were evaluated using NRS-2002 and MNA-sf. Multivariate logistic regression to estimate the Odd Ratio (OR) by comparing the OR of different variables between normal nutritional Status and at-risk and Cohen's kappa (κ) coefficient was assessed to analyse the agreement between both tools. RESULTS MNA-sf showed a positive association between age and malnutrition risk ≥ 66 years old P = 0.035. Both tools showed a negative association between BMI (P < 0.001 and P = 0.046), respectively and vaccination (P = 0.002 and P = 0.01), respectively, with risk for malnutrition. There was no significant association between Diabetes (DM) and malnutrition risk, but elderly Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) were at malnutrition risk using the NRS- 2002 tool P = 0.003. Inversely, people infected six months or more before malnutrition assessment have a lower risk of malnutrition P = 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Both tools were valuable and practical tools for screening elderly people with COVID-19 who are at nutritional risk and those in need of additional nutritional intervention. Further research needed to be applied in the relationship between nutritional status during and post-infectious disease for elderly people using cross-sectional and intervention studies in order to prevent malnutrition complications in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of food science and agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Albreiki
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Biosecurity Affairs Division, Innovation and Development Sector, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hadeel O Almasoudi
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of food science and agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina A Alshehri
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of food science and agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Ghaith
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 7607, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of food science and agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadilah S Aleanizy
- Department of Pharmacutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Salem GA, Mohamed AAR, Khater SI, Noreldin AE, Alosaimi M, Alansari WS, Shamlan G, Eskandrani AA, Awad MM, El-Shaer RAA, Nassan MA, Mostafa M, Khamis T. Enhancement of biochemical and genomic pathways through lycopene-loaded nano-liposomes: Alleviating insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and autophagy in obese rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Involvement of SMO, GLI-1, and PTCH-1 genes. Gene 2023; 883:147670. [PMID: 37516284 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is a prevalent hepatic disorder of global significance that can give rise to severe complications. This research endeavor delves into the potential of nano-liposomal formulated Lycopene (Lip-Lyco) in averting the development of obesity and insulin resistance, both of which are major underlying factors contributing to NAFL. The investigation further scrutinizes the impact of Lip-Lyco on intricate cellular pathways within the liver tissue of rats induced with NAFL, specifically focusing on the progression of steatosis and fibrosis. To establish an obesity-NAFL model, twenty rats were subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) for a duration of twelve weeks, after which they received an oral treatment of Lip-Lyco (10mg/kg) for an additional eight weeks. Another group of sixteen non-obese rats were subjected to treatment with or without Lip-Lyco, serving as a control for comparison. Results: The rats on a hypercaloric diet had high body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance, reflected in disturbed serum adipokines and lipid profiles. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis were evident in hepatic tissue, and the autophagic process in hepatocytes was inhibited. Additionally, the hedgehog pathway was activated in the liver tissue of NAFL group. Lip-Lyco was found to counteract all these aspects of NAFL pathogenesis. Lip-Lyco exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antiapoptotic, autophagy-inducing, and Hedgehog signaling inhibitory effects. This study concludes that Lip-Lyco, a natural compound, has promising therapeutic potential in combating NAFLdisease. However, more experimental and clinical studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of lycopene in treating NAFLdisease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Safaa I Khater
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Manal Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa S Alansari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej A Eskandrani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Medina 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Mahmoud Awad
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed A Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, PO Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
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AlSedairy SA, Al-Harbi LN, Binobead MA, Athinarayanan J, Arzoo S, Al-Tamimi DS, Shamlan G, Alshatwi AA, Periasamy VS. Association of CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 genes with the risk of obesity and vitamin D metabolism in Saudi women. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:59. [PMID: 37184736 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenome, genetic variants, and other environmental factors involved in gene regulation are highly inter-dependent in several chronic diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The present study aimed at testing the associations and the mechanism involved in silencing of CYP2R1 gene in normal and obese Saudi women patients. Height, weight, BMI, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, glycemic status, and lipid profile (TG, LDL, HDL, and TC) of CYP2R1 were measured in 100 women (31 normal and 69 obese patients). RESULTS Our result shows that hypermethylation in site 2 of the CYP2R1 gene with body weight (p < 0.004), BMI (p < 0.002), waist circumference (p < 0.002), total-LDL (p < 0.027), total cholesterol (p < 0.022), and vitamin D (VD) (close to borderline significance p < 0.06) and site 4 of CYP2R1 with LDL (p < 0.041) in the four tested sites among normal and obese women was significantly associated. Moreover, we tested five different CpG sites in the CYP27B1 gene where site 5 correlated significantly with VD levels. CONCLUSION Our present study clearly indicates that hypermethylation of specific sites in the CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 genes might regulate gene expression with special reference to the risk of obesity and vitamin D metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Abdulaziz AlSedairy
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Naif Al-Harbi
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Abdulaziz Binobead
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jegan Athinarayanan
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaista Arzoo
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Saade Al-Tamimi
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Abdullah Alshatwi
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Aljazzaf B, Regeai S, Elghmasi S, Alghazir N, Balgasim A, Hdud Ismail IM, Eskandrani AA, Shamlan G, Alansari WS, AL-Farga A, Alghazeer R. Evaluation of Antidiabetic Effect of Combined Leaf and Seed Extracts of Moringa oleifera ( Moringaceae) on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Mice: A Biochemical and Histological Study. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2023; 2023:9136217. [PMID: 37215365 PMCID: PMC10198764 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9136217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) is a medicinal plant rich in biologically active compounds. The aim of the present study was to screen M. oleifera methanolic leaf (L) extract, seed (S) extract, and a combined leaf/seed extract (2L : 1S ratio) for antidiabetic and antioxidant activities in mice following administration at a dose level of 500 mg/kg of body weight/day. Diabetes was induced by alloxan administration. Mice were treated with the extracts for 1 and 3 months and compared with the appropriate control. At the end of the study period, the mice were euthanized and pancreas, liver, kidney, and blood samples were collected for the analysis of biochemical parameters and histopathology. The oral administration of the combined L/S extract significantly reduced fasting blood glucose to normal levels compared with L or S extracts individually; moreover, a significant decrease in cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, liver enzymes, and oxidant markers was observed, with a concomitant increase in antioxidant biomarkers. Thus, the combined extract has stronger antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant properties than the individual extracts. The histopathological results also support the biochemical parameters, showing recovery of the pancreas, liver, and kidney tissue. The effects of the combined L/S extracts persisted throughout the study period tested. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antihyperlipidemic effects of a combined L/S extract of M. oleifera in an alloxan-induced diabetic model in mice. Our results suggest the potential for developing a natural potent antidiabetic drug from M. oleifera; however, clinical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah Aljazzaf
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Kuwait
| | - Sassia Regeai
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science, Libyan Academy of Postgraduate Studies, Janzour, Libya
- Histology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Sana Elghmasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Nadia Alghazir
- Department of Pediatrics, Tripoli University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Amal Balgasim
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ismail M. Hdud Ismail
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Areej A. Eskandrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa S. Alansari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar AL-Farga
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Alghazeer
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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Al-Griw MA, Alghazeer R, Ratemi HW, Ben-Othman ME, Tabagah R, Shamlan G, Habibullah MM, Alnajeebi AM, Babteen NA, Eskandrani AA, Al-Farga A, Alansari WS. Blockade of L-Type Ca 2+ Channel Activity Alleviates Oligodendrocyte Pathology following Brain Injury in Male Rats. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3953-3964. [PMID: 37232721 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of studies suggests that Ca2+ signaling controls a variety of biological processes in brain elements. Activation of L-type voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCCs) plays a role in the development of oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage loss, and indicates that the blocking of these channels may be an effective way to inhibit OL lineage cell loss. For this study, 10.5-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to generate cerebellar tissue slices. The slice tissues were cultured and randomly allocated to one of four groups (six each) and treated as follows: Group I, (sham control); Group II, 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) only (vehicle control); Group III, injury (INJ); Group IV, (INJ and treatment with NIF). The injury was simulated by exposing the slice tissues to 20 min of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). At 3 days post-treatment, the survival, apoptosis, and proliferation of the OL lineages were measured and compared. Results: In the INJ group, there was a decrease in mature myelin basic protein+ OLs (MBP+ OLs) and their precursors, NG2+ OPCs (Nerve-glia antigen 2+ oligodendrocyte precursor cell), compared with controls. A significant elevation was observed in the NG2+ OPCs and apoptotic MBP+ OLs as confirmed by a TUNEL assay. However, the cell proliferation rate was decreased in NG2+ OPCs. NIF increased OL survival as measured by apoptosis rate in both OL lineages and preserved the rate of proliferation in the NG2+ OPCs. Conclusions: Activation of L-type VOCCs may contribute to OL pathology in association with reduced mitosis of OPCs following brain injury as a strategy to treat demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Al-Griw
- Department of Histology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13203, Libya
| | - Rabia Alghazeer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 50676, Libya
| | - Haithm W Ratemi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Research Center (BTRC), Tripoli 30313, Libya
| | - Mohamed E Ben-Othman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13662, Libya
| | - Refaat Tabagah
- Division Developmental Biology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13662, Libya
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmmoud M Habibullah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan M Alnajeebi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf A Babteen
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej A Eskandrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Al-Farga
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa S Alansari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
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Al-dossari AM, Al-harbi LN, Al-Otaibi NM, Almubarak A, Almnaizel AT, Alshammari GM, Shamlan G, Alshatwi AA, El-Ansary A. The Potency of Goat Milk in Reducing the Induced Neurotoxic Effects of Valproic Acid in Rat Pups as a Rodent Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040497. [PMID: 37110156 PMCID: PMC10142785 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a progressively prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with substantial clinical heterogeneity. Despite the considerable interest in dietary interventions, no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal nutritional therapy. The present study aimed to investigate the possible positive effect of goat’s milk (GM) compared to cow’s milk (CM) on ASD autistic features in a valproic acid (VPA; 600 mg/kg)-induced white albino rat model of autism. All tests were conducted on rats that were divided into four groups (n = 15/group): control with goat milk (GM) treatment, control with cow milk (CM) treatment, autistic with goat milk (GM) treatment, and autistic with cow milk treatment. The casein levels were also measured in GM and CM. Social behavior was assessed by three-chambered sociability to test social interaction after the intervention. After 15 days of intervention, selected biomarkers, such as glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), neurotransmitter dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), and glutamate (GLU), were measured in blood serum and brain homogenates. The results showed a significant positive effect on social interaction in the VPA rat ASD model fed GM. Blood serum and brain samples showed a positive increase in TBARS in the VPA rat model fed GM, but brain and serum serotonin levels were lower in both VPA-GM and VPA-CM groups. Dopamine in serum was also lower in the VPA-CM group than in the VPA-GM group. IL-6 levels were slightly lower in the VPA-GM group than in the VPA-CM group. In comparison with cow’s milk, goat’s milk was effective in ameliorating the neurotoxic effects of VPA. Goat’s milk may be considered a suitable source of dairy for children diagnosed with ASD. Autistic children with allergies to cow’s milk could possibly convert to goat’s milk. Nevertheless, more in-depth studies and clinical trials are recommended.
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Mahfouz H, Dahran N, Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A, Abd El-Hakim YM, Metwally MMM, Alqahtani LS, Abdelmawlla HA, Wahab HA, Shamlan G, Nassan MA, Gaber RA. Stabilization of glutathione redox dynamics and CYP2E1 by green synthesized Moringa oleifera-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles against acrylamide induced hepatotoxicity in rat model: Morphometric and molecular perspectives. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113744. [PMID: 36965644 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The terrible reality is that acrylamide (AA) is a common food contaminant found in a wide variety of commonly consumed foods. This research involves the advancement of a more dependable technique for the bio-fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) through the green method using Moringa Oleifera extract (MO-ZNPs) as an efficient chelating agent for acrylamide (AA). The effects of AA on glutathione redox dynamics, liver function, lipid profile, and zinc residues in Sprague Dawley rats are investigated. Finally, the microarchitecture and immunohistochemical staining of Caspase-3 and CYP2E1 were determined in the liver tissue of rats. Four separate groups, including control, MO-ZNPs (10 mg/kg b.wt), AA (20 mg/kg b.wt), and AA + MO-ZNPs for 60 days. The results revealed a suppressed activity of glutathione redox enzymes (GSH, GPX,and GSR) on both molecular and biochemical levels. Also, AA caused elevated liver enzymes, hepatosomatic index, and immunohistochemical staining of caspase-3 and CYP2E1 expression. MO-ZNPs co-treatment, on the other hand, stabilized glutathione-related enzyme gene expression, normalized hepatocellular enzyme levels, and restored hepatic tissue microarchitectures. It could be assumed that MO-ZNPs is a promising hepatoprotective molecule for alleviating AA-induced hepatotoxicity. We witnessed changes in glutathione redox dynamics to be restorative. Glutathione and cytochrome P450 2E1 play crucial roles in AA detoxification, so maintaining a healthy glutathione redox cycle is necessary for disposing of AA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Mahfouz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Naief Dahran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Leena S Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23445, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Abdelraheem Abdelmawlla
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia; Anatomy and Embryology Department, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Hazim A Wahab
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menofiya University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, PO Box 11099,Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rasha A Gaber
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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Alharthi AS, Alruwaili NW, Al-Baadani HH, Al-Garadi MA, Shamlan G, Alhidary IA. Investigating the Effect of Pulicaria jaubertii as a Natural Feed Additive on the Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Immunological Response, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061116. [PMID: 36978656 PMCID: PMC10044572 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the biologically active compounds of Pulicaria jaubertii studied so far, there are no studies on the use of this plant in broilers. Therefore, the present study aims is to investigate the effect of Pulicaria jaubertii on the performance, blood biochemistry, internal organs, gene expression related to immune response, and the cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. A total of two hundred and forty male broilers were used and divided into four diet groups (T1 = 0, T2 = 3, T3 = 6, and T4 = 9 g Pulicaria jaubertii powder/kg basal diet). The performance evaluation, serum biochemical parameters, internal organ indicators, cytokines' gene expression, and microbiota colonization were determined. The study results showed that this plant was rich in nutrients, some fatty acids, and bioactive phenolic compounds. All growth performance indicators and relative liver weight were improved by Pulicaria jaubertii levels (T2 to T4) with no effect on feed intake. T3 and T4 showed higher total protein and lower triglycerides and total cholesterol. Birds fed Pulicaria jaubertii showed immune regulation through the modulation of pre-inflammatory cytokines and increased mucin-2 and secretory Immunoglobulin A compared with the control group. Diet groups (T2 to T4) had higher quantities of Lactobacillus spp. and lower levels of Salmonella spp. than the control group. We conclude that Pulicaria jaubertii could be used as a feed supplement for broilers due to its beneficial effects on overall performance, immune response, and microbiota. Further studies are recommended to investigate the potential mechanism of Pulicaria jaubertii in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman S Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf W Alruwaili
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani H Al-Baadani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A Al-Garadi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Aljazzaf B, Alghazeer R, Swehli AI, Erhuma M, Elgmati E, Muammer MS, Torban T, AL-Farga A, Alansari WS, Eskandrani AA, Shamlan G, Al-Griw MA. Association between Vitamin D Status and Health Status of Adults in Western Libya. Processes (Basel) 2023; 11:930. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) is essential for health and preventing diseases. This study aimed to investigate the possible association between VitD status and health status in 306 Libyan male and female young adults (18–25 Y) and adults (26–65 Y). There were 89.54% of subjects that had VitD levels below normal (<30 ng/mL), of which 45.42% were VitD deficient (<10 ng/mL) and 44.12% were VitD insufficient (10–29.9 ng/mL). VitD deficiency was associated with higher fasting blood sugar (FBS), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels. Young adults had lower VitD levels than adults, which was associated with some health conditions. VitD insufficiency was associated with higher body mass index (BMI) values in adults, especially females, with higher FBS levels in adult males and higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in adult females. VitD deficiency in young adults was associated with higher TAG levels (more likely in adults) and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) values. Furthermore, VitD deficient adult females appeared to have a higher risk of sleeping problems, psychological disorders, headache, and osteoporosis, whereas their male counterparts appeared to be at a higher risk of developing obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). Findings showed a serious prevalence of VitD inadequacy in the Libyan population, which appears to negatively affect health status and be associated with some disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah Aljazzaf
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Kuwait 23167, Kuwait
| | - Rabia Alghazeer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 50676, Libya
| | - Abubaker I. Swehli
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13227, Libya
| | - Mabruk Erhuma
- Biochemistry Unit, Central Lab, Tripoli Central Hospital, Tripoli 14327, Libya
| | - Entisar Elgmati
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13227, Libya
| | - Masud S. Muammer
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13227, Libya
| | - Taher Torban
- Biochemistry Unit, Central Lab, Tripoli Central Hospital, Tripoli 14327, Libya
| | - Ammar AL-Farga
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa S. Alansari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej A. Eskandrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Al-Griw
- Department of Histology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13160, Libya
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12
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Al-Griw MA, Balog HN, Shaibi T, Elmoaket MF, AbuGamja ISA, AlBadawi AB, Shamlan G, Alfarga A, Eskandrani AA, Alnajeebi AM, Babteen NA, Alansari WS, Alghazeer R. Therapeutic potential of vitamin D against bisphenol A-induced spleen injury in Swiss albino mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280719. [PMID: 36893148 PMCID: PMC9997876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous plasticizer, is capable of producing oxidative splenic injury, and ultimately led to spleen pathology. Further, a link between VitD levels and oxidative stress was reported. Hence the role of VitD in BPA-induced oxidative splenic injury was investigated in this study. Sixty male and female Swiss albino mice (3.5 weeks old) were randomly divided into control and treated groups 12 mice in each (six males and six females). The control groups were further divided into sham (no treatment) and vehicle (sterile corn oil), whereas the treatment group was divided into VitD (2,195 IU/kg), BPA (50 μg/kg), and BPA+VitD (50 μg/kg + 2,195 IU/kg) groups. For six weeks, the animals were dosed intraperitoneally (i.p). One week later, at 10.5 weeks old, mice were sacrificed for biochemical and histological analyses. Findings showed BPA triggered neurobehavioral abnormalities and spleen injury with increased apoptotic indices (e.g. DNA fragmentation) in both sexes. A significant increase was found in lipid peroxidation marker, MDA in splenic tissue, and leukocytosis. Conversely, VitD treatment altered this scenario into motor performance preservation, reducing oxidative splenic injury with a decrease in the percent apoptotic index. This protection was significantly correlated with preserving leukocyte counts and reduced MDA levels in both genders. It can be concluded from the above findings that VitD treatment has an ameliorative effect on oxidative splenic injury induced by BPA, highlighting the continuous crosstalk between oxidative stress and the VitD signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Al-Griw
- Department of Histology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Hanan N. Balog
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Taher Shaibi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | | | | | - Ahlam Bashir AlBadawi
- Tripoli Medical Center, Hematology Department, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Alfarga
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej A. Eskandrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan M. Alnajeebi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf A. Babteen
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa S. Alansari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Alghazeer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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Athinarayanan J, Khaibary AAL, Periasamy VS, Alatiah KA, Shamlan G, Alsawmahi ON, Alshatwi AA. Co-exposure to commercial food product ingredient E341 and E551 triggers cytotoxicity in human mesenchymal stem cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:33264-33274. [PMID: 36474033 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Several nano-toxicological studies have assessed the prospective health risks of engineered nanostructures. Still, nanoscale ingredients from food products are not explored well, and only a few have attended to the possible effects of food additive-based nanoparticles in food. The physicochemical properties of food additives and their fate on human health are still unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, we examined the physicochemical characteristics of food product isolate E341/E551. Additionally, we assessed the consequence of these nanoscale E341 and E551 as co-exposure on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The transmission electron microscope (TEM) images revealed that food product isolate (E341/E551) consists of nanoscale particles. The E551 and E341 have 20-50 nm and 70-200 nm diameters, respectively. Co-exposure of food additives SiO2 (E551) and Tricalcium phosphate (E341) effect on the cell viability, morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of hMSCs were studied. The cell viability reduction, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and ROS generation in E341/E551 co-exposed cells were observed. Our study suggests that E341/E551 co-exposure elevated the ROS level and mitochondrial membrane potential depletion at a high dose. The oxidative stress-related genes MDM3, TNFSF10, and POR have exhibited significant upregulation in the E341/E551 treatment group. These results conclude that long-term over-exposure to E341/E551 may be triggers health risks in a human. Further in vivo studies are required for food industry implications due to nanoscale ingredients in E341 and E551.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jegan Athinarayanan
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 , Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad A L Khaibary
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 , Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 , Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alatiah
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 , Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 , Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer N Alsawmahi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 , Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alshatwi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 , Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Al-Griw MA, Shalabi SM, Alghazeer RO, Elnfati AH, Treesh SA, Benjama AE, Shamlan G, Habibullah MM, Eskandrani AA, Alnajeebi AM, Babteen NA, Alansari WS. Nigella sativa Oil Alleviates Mouse Testis and Sperm Abnormalities Induced by BPA Potentially through Redox Homeostasis. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023; 26:301-312. [PMID: 35570547 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220514135606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Significant evidence indicates that endocrine disrupted bisphenol A (BPA) seriously endangers human health. In males, BPA affects testis architecture and sperm quality, and ultimately reduces fertility. This study explored the therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa (NS) seed extract on testis and sperm abnormalities in BPA-exposed mice and characterized the underlying mechanism. METHODS Forty male Swiss albino mice (5.5 weeks old, N = 8 per group) were randomly divided into five groups: Group I, normal control, Group II, vehicle control (sterile corn oil); Group III, NS-exposed (oral 200 mg/kg); Group IV, BPA-exposed (oral 400 μg/kg body weight); Group V, BPA + NS-exposed mice. Animals were treated for 6 weeks and sacrificed for biochemical and histological examination. RESULTS The results indicated that BPA exposure results in significant testis and sperm abnormalities. Specifically, BPA promoted a marked reduction in the body and testis compared with the control group. Histopathological findings showed that BPA caused a widespread degeneration of spermatogenic cells of the seminiferous epithelium, decreased sperm counts and motility, and augmented sperm abnormalities, and whereas little alteration to sperm DNA was observed. In addition, BPA increased the levels of the lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced the levels of the antioxidant marker, reducing glutathione (GSH). Treatment with NS oil extract during BPA exposure significantly alleviated testis and sperm abnormalities, reduced MDA levels, and enhanced GSH levels. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that NS oil protects mice against BPA-induced sperm and testis abnormalities, likely by suppressing levels of the oxidative stress marker, MDA, and enhancing the levels of the antioxidant marker, GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Al-Griw
- Department of Histology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13203, Libya
| | - Suliman M Shalabi
- Department of Histology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13203, Libya
| | - Rabia O Alghazeer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 50676, Libya
| | - Abdul H Elnfati
- Department of Histology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13203, Libya
| | - Soad A Treesh
- Department of Histology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13203, Libya
| | - Ahmeda E Benjama
- Department of Histology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13203, Libya
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmmoud M Habibullah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej A Eskandrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan M Alnajeebi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf A Babteen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa S Alansari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Athinarayanan J, Khaibary AAL, Periasamy VS, Alatiah KA, Shamlan G, Alshatwi AA. Unraveling the physicochemical and toxicological properties of food product isolated
E341
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E171. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jegan Athinarayanan
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad A. L. Khaibary
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A. Alatiah
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Alshatwi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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16
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Shamlan G, Aleanizy FS. Knowledge and behaviors of using vitamin D to boost immunity against COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31949. [PMID: 36482609 PMCID: PMC9726423 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has globally impacted all aspects of life since its emergence and spread. There is a strong biological assumption and progressing epidemiological data supporting the role of vitamin D (VD) in COVID-19 infection. This study aims to determine the knowledge about VD supplements to boost immunity against COVID-19 and if participation in specific behaviors has increased the consumption of VD supplements during social distance restriction in Saudi Arabia (SA) in May 2021. This cross-sectional study used a structured online questionnaire for 2369 SA people, including demographic characteristics and knowledge about VD supplements to boost immunity against COVID-19 showed that there was a significant association between sex and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) (P = .000), and having VDD was strongly associated with having another vitamin deficiency (P = .008). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between VDD and cardiovascular (P = .027) and respiratory diseases (P = .019). Almost half of the participants used VD supplements to reduce or heal their COVID-19 symptoms. The adverse association between having VDD and understanding of COVID-19 symptoms was statistically significant (P = .01). Ginger is commonly used as an alternative medicine for the treatment of VD. The administration of VD is now known to be of physiological significance for general health, and evidence suggesting the beneficial role of VD in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases, particularly infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, is increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of food science and agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Ghalia Shamlan, Department of Human Nutrition, College of food science and agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (e-mail: )
| | - Fadilah Sfouq Aleanizy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Alnajeebi AM, Alharbi HFH, Alelwani W, Babteen NA, Alansari WS, Shamlan G, Eskandrani AA. COVID-19 Candidate Genes and Pathways Potentially Share the Association with Lung Cancer. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:2463-2472. [PMID: 34254909 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210712092649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is considered as the most challenging in the current situation but lung cancer is also the leading cause of death in the global population. These two malignancies are among the leading human diseases and are highly complex in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches as well as the most frequent and highly complex and heterogeneous in nature. Based on the latest update, it is known that the patients suffering from lung cancer, are considered to be significantly at higher risk of COVID-19 infection in terms of survival and there are a number of evidences which support the hypothesis that these diseases may share the same functions and functional components. Multi-level unwanted alterations such as (epi-)genetic alterations, changes at the transcriptional level, and altered signaling pathways (receptor, cytoplasmic, and nuclear level) are the major sources which promote a number of complex diseases and such heterogeneous level of complexities are considered as the major barrier in the development of therapeutics. With so many challenges, it is critical to understand the relationships and the common shared aberrations between them which is difficult to unravel and understand. A simple approach has been applied for this study where differential gene expression analysis, pathway enrichment, and network level understanding are carried out. Since, gene expression changes and genomic alterations are related to the COVID-19 and lung cancer but their pattern varies significantly. Based on the recent studies, it appears that the patients suffering from lung cancer and and simultaneously infected with COVID-19, then survival chance is lessened. So, we have designed our goal to understand the genes commonly overexpressed and commonly enriched pathways in case of COVID-19 and lung cancer. For this purpose, we have presented the summarized review of the previous works where the pathogenesis of lung cancer and COVID-19 infection have been focused and we have also presented the new finding of our analysis. So, this work not only presents the review work but also the research work. This review and research study leads to the conclusion that growth promoting pathways (EGFR, Ras, and PI3K), growth inhibitory pathways (p53 and STK11), apoptotic pathways (Bcl- 2/Bax/Fas), and DDR pathways and genes are commonly and dominantly altered in both the cases COVID-19 and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan M Alnajeebi
- College of Science, Department of Biochemistry, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend F H Alharbi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, KSA
| | - Walla Alelwani
- College of Science, Department of Biochemistry, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf A Babteen
- College of Science, Department of Biochemistry, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa S Alansari
- College of Science, Department of Biochemistry, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej A Eskandrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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Hussain S, Alamri MS, Mohamed AA, Ibraheem MA, Qasem AAA, Shamlan G, Ababtain IA. Dough Performance and Quality Evaluation of Cookies Prepared from Flour Blends Containing Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) and Acacia (Acacia seyal) Gums. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217217. [PMID: 36364040 PMCID: PMC9654236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acacia (AG) and cactus gums (CG) were mixed into wheat flour at the 3% and 6% levels. The flour blends were tested for their pasting, dough development, and extensibility behaviors. The blends were used to make cookies, which were then evaluated for their physical, textural, and sensory qualities. Both types of gum reduced the setback viscosities, water absorption, and farinograph quality numbers while increasing the water retention capacity, dough development time, and extensibility. The thickness and diameter of the cookies decreased in the presence of the cactus gum, while the acacia gum resulted in greater thickness and diameter. The addition of more gums increased the hardness of the cookies while decreasing their fracturability. All the cookie types were acceptable for all the sensory attributes studied. When compared to the control, the panelists preferred the color of the cookies with a higher level of gum. Overall, the presence of gums in the formulation resulted in the development of cookies with improved technological and sensory attributes. Likewise, the cookies with higher levels of gum can deliver 6% more soluble fiber without compromising their overall acceptability.
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Alghazeer R, El Fatah H, Azwai S, Elghmasi S, Sidati M, El Fituri A, Althaluti E, Gammoudi F, Yudiati E, Talouz N, Shamlan G, Al-Farga A, Alansari WS, Eskandrani AA. Nutritional and Nonnutritional Content of Underexploited Edible Seaweeds. Aquac Nutr 2022; 2022:8422414. [PMID: 36860457 PMCID: PMC9973140 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8422414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae are a valuable source of highly bioactive primary and secondary metabolites that may have useful bioapplications. To investigate the nutritional and nonnutritional contents of underexploited edible seaweeds, proximate composition, including protein, fat, ash, vitamins A, C, and E, and niacin, as well as important phytochemicals, including polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, saponins, and coumarins, were screened from algal species using spectrophotometric methods. Ash content ranged from 3.15-25.23% for green seaweeds, 5-29.78% for brown algae, and 7-31.15% for red algae. Crude protein content ranged between 5 and 9.8% in Chlorophyta, 5 and 7.4% in Rhodophyta, and between 4.6 and 6.2% in Phaeophyceae. Crude carbohydrate contents ranged from 20 to 42% for the collected seaweeds, where green algae had the highest content (22.5-42%), followed by brown algae (21-29.5%) and red algae (20-29%). Lipid content was found to be low in all the studied taxa at approximately 1-6%, except for Caulerpa prolifera (Chlorophyta), which had a noticeable higher lipid content at 12.41%. These results indicated that Phaeophyceae were enriched with a high phytochemical content, followed by that of Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta. The studied algal species contained a high amount of carbohydrate and protein, indicating that they could be considered as a healthy food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Alghazeer
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Hesham El Fatah
- Botany Department Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salah Azwai
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Sana Elghmasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Maammar Sidati
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Marine Biology Research Center, Tajura-East of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ali El Fituri
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Marine Biology Research Center, Tajura-East of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ezdehar Althaluti
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Physics, Marin Biology Research Center, Tajura-East of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ftaim Gammoudi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ervia Yudiati
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl., Indonesia
| | - Nadia Talouz
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Al-Farga
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa S Alansari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej A Eskandrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina 30002, Saudi Arabia
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Azzeh FS, Turkistani WM, Ghaith MM, Bahubaish LA, Kensara OA, Almasmoum HA, Aldairi AF, Khan AA, Alghamdi AA, Shamlan G, Alhussain MH, Algheshairy RM, AlShahrani AM, Qutob MS, Alazzeh AY, Qutob HM. Factors associated with the prevalence of malnutrition among adult hemodialytic patients: A two-center study in the Jeddah region, Saudi Arabia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30757. [PMID: 36221328 PMCID: PMC9542565 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease, one of the most common diseases in the world, is characterized by irreversible impairment of the kidney's metabolic, excretory, and endocrine functions. During end-stage renal disease, patients require renal replacement therapy, such as hemodialysis (HD). Protein-energy wasting is a common health problem among HD patients. This study aims to assess the nutritional status of HD patients at two HD centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and to determine its associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted at two different dialysis centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 211 female and male HD patients. Malnutrition was recognized using the modified-subjective global assessment (M-SGA) comprising two parts: medical history and physical examination. Sociodemographic and health status for all patients were also determined. Patients were classified based on their M-SGA score into two groups: normal and malnourished. Overall, 54.5% of the participants showed malnutrition. Unemployment, low muscle strength and mass, high level of medication use, and high dialysis vintage were positively (P < .05) associated with malnutrition. In conclusion, the M-SGA score indicates a high prevalence of malnutrition among HD patients. These results show the importance of regular assessment and follow-ups for HD patients ensuring better health and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas S. Azzeh
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Firas Azzeh, Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24231, Saudi Arabia (e-mail: )
| | - Waad M. Turkistani
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Diaverum A.B. Prince Abdulmajeed Dialysis Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M. Ghaith
- Laboratory Medicine Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain A. Bahubaish
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Diaverum A.B. North Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. Kensara
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain A. Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Aldairi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anmar A. Khan
- Laboratory Medicine Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha H. Alhussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham M. Algheshairy
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. AlShahrani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoun S. Qutob
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Awfa Y. Alazzeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham M.H. Qutob
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology - Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Subash-Babu P, Mohammed Alowaidh H, Al-Harbi LN, Shamlan G, Aloud AA, AlSedairy SA, Alshatwi AA. Ocimum basilicum L. Methanol Extract Enhances Mitochondrial Efficiency and Decreases Adipokine Levels in Maturing Adipocytes Which Regulate Macrophage Systemic Inflammation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041388. [PMID: 35209178 PMCID: PMC8876186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive storage of lipids in visceral or ectopic sites stimulates adipokine production, which attracts macrophages. This process determines the pro- and anti-inflammatory response regulation in adipose tissue during obesity-associated systemic inflammation. The present study aimed to identify the composition of Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) seed extract and to determine its bio-efficacy on adipocyte thermogenesis or fatty acid oxidation and inhibition of lipid accumulation and adipokine secretion. Ocimum basilicum L. seed methanol extract (BSME) was utilized to analyze the cytotoxicity vs. control; lipid accumulation assay (oil red O and Nile red staining), adipogenesis and mitochondrial-thermogenesis-related gene expression vs. vehicle control were analyzed by PCR assay. In addition, vehicle control and BSME-treated adipocytes condition media were collected and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage to identify the macrophage polarization. The results shown that the active components present in BSME did not produce significant cytotoxicity in preadipocytes or macrophages in the MTT assay. Furthermore, oil red O and Nile red staining assay confirmed that 80 and 160 μg/dL concentrations of BSME effectively arrested lipid accumulation and inhibited adipocyte maturation, when compared with tea polyphenols. Gene expression level of adipocyte hyperplasia (CEBPα, PPARγ) and lipogenesis (LPL)-related genes have been significantly (p ≤ 0.05) downregulated, and mitochondrial-thermogenesis-associated genes (PPARγc1α, UCP-1, prdm16) have been significantly (p ≤ 0.001) upregulated. The BSME-treated, maturing, adipocyte-secreted proteins were detected with a decreased protein level of leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 and STAT-6, which are associated with insulin resistance and macrophage recruitment. The “LPS-stimulated macrophage” treated with “BSME-treated adipocytes condition media”, shown with significant (p ≤ 0.001) decrease in metabolic-inflammation-related proteins—such as PGE-2, MCP-1, TNF-α and NF-κB—were majorly associated with the development of foam cell formation and progression of atherosclerotic lesion. The present findings concluded that the availability of active principles in basil seed effectively inhibit adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage polarization, and the inflammation associated with insulin resistance and thrombosis development. Ocimum basilicum L. seed may be useful as a dietary supplement to enhance fatty acid oxidation, which aids in overcoming metabolic complications.
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22
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Yudiati E, Azhar N, Achmad MJ, Sunaryo S, Susanto A, Yulianto B, Alghazeer RO, Alansari WS, Shamlan G. Alginate poly and oligosaccharide (AOS) from Sargassum sp. as immunostimulant in gnotobiotic artemia challenge tests and antibacterial diffusion disc assay against pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi. MGC 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alginate is a polysaccharide derived from Sargassum sp. and is a potent immunostimulant with antibacterial activity, including against Vibrio spp. This genus of bacteria is found in freshwater and marine environments and is a common infectious, pathogenic bacteria both for aquatic cultivans and humans. Here, we determined the ability of sodium alginate polysaccharides and oligosaccharides (AOS) to act as immunostimulants in Artemia challenge tests and antibacterial diffusion disc assays against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. harveyi. The AOS was produced by thermal heating. Dry sodium alginates were weighed out from 4.21 to 6.47 grams with a yield varying from 21.05 to 32.35%. Alginate polysaccharides were challenged against V harveyi and showed 8 positive results. The highest inhibitor zone was 12.962±3.623 mm. Based on 18 tests, AOS showed 12 positive results, with the highest inhibitor zone being 10.250±0.09 mm. The encapsulated alginate against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, and the non-challenged tests without any Vibrio spp. addition resulted in the best concentrations of 800 ppm (polysaccharide) and 600 ppm (oligosaccharide), respectively. The lower concentration of oligosaccharides alginate were more effective and has the potential to be superior as an antibacterial agent and immunestimulant, as opposed to alginate polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervia Yudiati
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Nuril Azhar
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Janib Achmad
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Khairun University, Ternate City, North Maluku, Indonesia
| | - Sunaryo Sunaryo
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Adi Susanto
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Yulianto
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Rabia O. Alghazeer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Wafa S. Alansari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alqahtani FY, Aleanizy FS, Mohamed RAEH, Al-Maflehi N, Alrfaei BM, Almangour TA, Alkhudair N, Bawazeer G, Shamlan G, Alanazi MS. Association Between Obesity and COVID-19 Disease Severity in Saudi Population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1527-1535. [PMID: 35600752 PMCID: PMC9121990 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s365491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has placed a significant burden on the scientific and medical professions. The study examined the association between body mass index (BMI), stratified by category, and severe form of COVID-19, and to explore the influence of demographic characteristics and other known risk factors. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis based on COVID-19 data from the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health. Data were collected for all patients admitted to three main hospitals in Riyadh region between March 1st and July 30, 2020. The effects of BMI, demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and comorbidities on infection severity were investigated. RESULTS A total of 950 patients were included in the study (70% male, 85% aged younger than 60 years old). A total of 55 (5.8%) patients were underweight, 263 (27.7%) were normal weight, 351 (37%) were overweight, 161 (17%) were obese class I, 76 (8%) were obese class II, and 44 (4.6%) were obese class III. Cough, fever, and shortness of breath were the most common symptoms among overweight patients. According to the findings of a bivariate logistic regression study, class III obesity was significantly associated with a more severe form of COVID-19 (odds ratio, 2.874; 95% confidence interval, 1.344-6.149). CONCLUSION This study revealed that patients with a BMI ≥40 kg/m2 had a higher risk of severe COVID-19 than those with normal weight. This suggests that obesity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 and influences disease presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulwah Yahya Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Fulwah Yahya Alqahtani, Email
| | - Fadilah Sfouq Aleanizy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed
- College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nassr Al-Maflehi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahauddeen M Alrfaei
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer A Almangour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Bawazeer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marzouqah S Alanazi
- Emergency Medicine Consultant, Emergency Department, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Burwaiss A, Ammar M, Alghazeer R, Eljamil A, Alarbie D, Elghmasi S, Al-Griw M, Alansari WS, Shamlan G, Eskandrani AA. Tissue levels of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in colorectal cancer patients. MGC 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of reactive oxygen species in the development of cancer has become well recognized in recent years; however, evidence for a link between oxidative stress and cancer risk has not been fully explored. One of the major cancers whose number of cases has increased significantly in recent years is colon and rectal cancer, which has the second highest mortality rate in Libya. Forty subjects were divided into three groups (20 tumors from colorectal cancer patients, adjacent surrounding tumor tissues, and 20 adjacent normal tissues). Evaluation of oxidative stress indices in the samples was performed by analyzing enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters including the activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase as antioxidant enzymes, reduced glutathione as an antioxidant, malondialdehyde MDA levels as an oxidative damage product, nitritc oxide content NO as an inflammatory marker, and total thiols as a measure of redox status. MDA and NO levels were significantly higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent healthy tissue. Also, the surrounding tumor tissue exhibited higher MDA and NO levels compared with control tissues. The oxidant and antioxidant levels in the tumor was significantly lower than those in the surrounding tumor tissue and control healthy tissue. The results suggest that oxidant and antioxidant parameters can be used as indicators of an imbalance in humans, and as this imbalance increases, the human body may be vulnerable to developing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Burwaiss
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department at Tripoli University Hospital (TUH), Tripoli, Libya
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Manal Ammar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Rabia Alghazeer
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ashour Eljamil
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Dalal Alarbie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department at Tripoli University Hospital (TUH), Tripoli, Libya
| | - Sana Elghmasi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Mohamed Al-Griw
- Histology & Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Wafa S. Alansari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej A. Eskandrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Subash-Babu P, Al-Saran N, M Alshammari G, Naif Al-Harbi L, Hussain Alhussain M, Shamlan G, Abdulaziz AlSedairy S, Abdullah Alshatwi A. Evaluation of Biosafety, Antiobesity, and Endothelial Cells Proliferation Potential of Basil Seed Extract Loaded Organic Solid Lipid Nanoparticle. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:722258. [PMID: 34671255 PMCID: PMC8521050 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.722258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to synthesize solid lipid nanoparticles to enhance liposome-assisted intracellular uptake of basil seed active components in adipocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells to attain increased bioavailability. To obtain solid lipid nanoparticle (SLNp), the water phase containing basil seed extract (BSE) was encapsulated with lipid matrix containing chia seed phospholipids using homogenization and cold ultra-sonication method. The physicochemical characterization of BSE loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (BSE-SLNp) has been analyzed using Zetasizer, FT-IR, and TEM. The BSE-SLNp showed an average diameter of 20-110 nm on the day of preparation and it remains the same after 60 days of storage. The cytotoxicity assay confirmed that the BSE-SLNp did not produce toxicity in hMSCs, preadipocytes, or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) until the tested higher dose up to 64 μg/ml. During effective dose determination, 4 μg/ml of BSE-SLNp confirmed non-toxic and enhanced metabolic function in hMSCs, preadipocytes, and HUVECs. Biosafety assay confirmed normal nuclear morphology in PI staining and high mitochondrial membrane potential in JC-1 assay within 48 h in hMSCs. The maturing adipocyte treated with 4 μg/ml of BSE-SLNp significantly increased the mitochondrial efficiency and fatty acid beta-oxidation (PPARγC1α, UCP-1, and PRDM-16) related gene expression levels. Oxidative stress induced HUVECs treated with 4 μg/ml of BSE-SLNp potentially enhanced antioxidant capacity, cell growth, and microtubule development within 48 h H2O2 induced oxidative stressed HUVECs have shown 39.8% viable cells, but treatment with BSE-SLNp has shown 99% of viable cells within 48 h confirmed by Annexin-V assay. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) increased to 89.4% confirmed by JC-1 assay. The observed DNA integrity, cell viability was confirmed by increased antioxidant and tumor suppressor-related gene expression levels. VEGF expression has been significantly increased and pro-inflammation-related mRNA levels were decreased in BSE-SLNp treated cells. In conclusion, enhanced adipocyte fatty acid oxidation is directly associated with decreased adipocytokine secretion which arrests obesity-associated comorbidities. In addition, suppressing vascular cell oxidative stress and metabolic inflammation supports vascular cell proliferation and arrests ageing-related vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandurangan Subash-Babu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Al-Saran
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Naif Al-Harbi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Hussain Alhussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Abdulaziz AlSedairy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Abdullah Alshatwi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Harbi LN, Pandurangan SB, Al-Dossari AM, Shamlan G, Salamatullah AM, Alshatwi AA, Alotiby AA. Beta vulgaris rubra L. (Beetroot) Peel Methanol Extract Reduces Oxidative Stress and Stimulates Cell Proliferation via Increasing VEGF Expression in H 2O 2 Induced Oxidative Stressed Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091380. [PMID: 34573361 PMCID: PMC8466581 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant capacity of polyphenols and flavonoids present in dietary agents aids in arresting the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protecting endothelial smooth muscle cells from oxidative stress/induced necrosis. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. rubra L.; BVr) is a commonly consumed vegetable representing a rich source of antioxidants. Beetroot peel’s bioactive compounds and their role in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are still under-researched. In the present study, beetroot peel methanol extract (BPME) was prepared, and its effect on the bio-efficacy, nuclear integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and vascular cell growth, and immunoregulation-related gene expression levels in HUVECs with induced oxidative stress were analysed. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) results confirmed that BPME contains 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (32.6%), methyl pyruvate (15.13%), furfural (9.98%), and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-Pyran-4-one (12.4%). BPME extract effectively enhanced cell proliferation and was confirmed by MTT assay; the nuclear integrity was confirmed by propidium iodide (PI) staining assay; the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was confirmed by JC-1 staining assay. Annexin V assay confirmed that BPME-treated HUVECs showed 99% viable cells, but only 39.8% viability was shown in HUVECs treated with H2O2 alone. In addition, BPME treatment of HUVECs for 48 h reduced mRNA expression of lipid peroxide (LPO) and increased NOS-3, Nrf-2, GSK-3β, GPX, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular cell growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression levels. We found that BPME treatment decreased proinflammatory (nuclear factor-κβ (F-κβ), tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), interleukin-1β (IL-1β)) and vascular inflammation (intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), EDN1, IL-1β)-related mRNA expressions. In conclusion, beetroot peel treatment effectively increased vascular smooth cell growth factors and microtubule development, whereas it decreased vascular inflammatory regulators. BPME may be beneficial for vascular smooth cell regeneration, tissue repair and anti-ageing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Naif Al-Harbi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.-B.P.); (A.M.A.-D.); (G.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.A.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Subash-Babu Pandurangan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.-B.P.); (A.M.A.-D.); (G.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Alhanouf Mohammed Al-Dossari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.-B.P.); (A.M.A.-D.); (G.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.-B.P.); (A.M.A.-D.); (G.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.-B.P.); (A.M.A.-D.); (G.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Ali A Alshatwi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.-B.P.); (A.M.A.-D.); (G.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Amna Abdullah Alotiby
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah 24237, Saudi Arabia;
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Alamri M, Qasem AA, Mohamed AA, Hussain S, Ibraheem MA, Shamlan G, Alqah HA, Qasha AS. Food packaging's materials: A food safety perspective. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4490-4499. [PMID: 34354435 PMCID: PMC8325021 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Food packaging serves purposes of food product safety and easy handling and transport by preventing chemical contamination and enhancing shelf life, which provides convenience for consumers. Various types of materials, including plastics, glass, metals, and papers and their composites, have been used for food packaging. However, owing to consumers' increased health awareness, the significance of transferring harmful materials from packaging materials into foods is of greater concern. This review highlights the interactions of food with packaging materials and elaborates the mechanism, types, and contributing factors of migration of chemical substances from the packaging to foods. Also, various types of chemical migrants from different packaging materials with their possible impacts on food safety and human health are discussed. We conclude with a future outlook based on legislative considerations and ongoing technical contributions to optimization of food-package interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.S. Alamri
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram A.A. Qasem
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdellatif A. Mohamed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahzad Hussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Ibraheem
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham A. Alqah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Qasha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Aleanizy FS, Alqahtani FY, Alanazi MS, Mohamed RAEH, Alrfaei BM, Alshehri MM, AlQahtani H, Shamlan G, Al-Maflehi N, Alrasheed MM, Alrashed A. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with severe COVID-19 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1133-1138. [PMID: 34343963 PMCID: PMC8317445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is newly emerging infectious disease that spread globally at unpredictable and unique pattern to the extent that the World Health Organization announced COVID-19 as a pandemic in the first couple months of 2020. This study aims to describe clinical and demographic features of COVID-19 patients and the influence of various risk factors on the severity of disease. Methods This research is a retrospective study based on Saudi Arabia's ministry of health’s Covid-19 data. The analysis relies on data of all COVID-19 patients recorded in Riyadh between 1st, March 2020 and 30th, July 2020. Statistical analyses were performed to investigate the effect of demographic characteristic, clinical presentation, and comorbidities on infection severity. Results A total number of 1026 COVID-19 patients were identified based on the demographic data as follows: 709 cases (69% of cases) were males and 559 cases (54% of cases) were Saudi. Most of patients were diagnosed with mild signs and symptoms 697 (68% of cases), while 164 patient (16% of cases) demonstrated moderate signs and symptoms, and 103 cases (10%) were severe and 62 (6%) had critical febrile illness. Fever, cough, sore throat, and shortness of breath were the most common symptoms among patients with COVID-19. Among studied comorbidities in COVID-19 patients, diabetes mellitus and hypertension were the most prevalent. The results from the bivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, diabetes mellitus, asthma, smoking, and fever are associated with severe or critically ill cases. Conclusion The findings of this study show that old age, fever, and comorbidities involving diabetes mellitus, asthma, and smoking were significantly associated with infection severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadilah S Aleanizy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fulwah Y Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marzouqah S Alanazi
- Emergency Department, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania A E H Mohamed
- College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Bahauddeen M Alrfaei
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mana M Alshehri
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajar AlQahtani
- Department of Pharmacy Service, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nassr Al-Maflehi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M Alrasheed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alzahrani AAH, Alharbi RA, Alzahrani MSA, Sindi MA, Shamlan G, Alzahrani FA, Albanghali MA, Sindi AAA. Association between periodontitis and vitamin D status: A case-control study. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4016-4021. [PMID: 34220259 PMCID: PMC8241627 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and periodontitis are commonly prevalent among Saudi adults. However, the association between periodontitis and vitamin D status has not been well documented. This study aims to examine the association between periodontitis and vitamin D status among adults in the Albaha region of Saudi Arabia. A case-control study of 123 Saudi adults was conducted; 60 had severe or moderate periodontitis, and 63 were periodontally healthy. Data was collected by an online self-reported sociodemographic questionnaire. All participants then underwent a full periodontal examination. Blood samples were also provided to assess participants' vitamin D statuses through serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). A total of 60 cases and 63 controls matched for BMI (30.2 ± 4.86 kg/m2), age (40.01 ± 7.73 years), and sex (46.3% and 53.7% male and female, respectively) participated in the study. Mean levels of 25(OH)D were significantly lower in periodontitis participants than in controls (25.03 ± 8.55 ng/ml, 29.19 ± 12.82 ng/ml, p = 0.037, respectively). Lower odds of periodontitis were detected per unit of 25(OH)D level (OR 0.964, 95% CI; 0.931-0.999, p = 0.043). In conclusion, periodontitis is significantly associated with deficient and insufficient levels of vitamin D among Saudi adults in the Albaha region. Future longitudinal research with a larger sample size may be suggested to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Ali H. Alzahrani
- Dental Health Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author at: Dental Health Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, P.O. Box 18, Albaha 65951, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Raed A. Alharbi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed A. Sindi
- Department of Primary Health Care Administration, Public Health Directorate, 26522 Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A. Alzahrani
- Dental Health Specialist, Department of Medical Services General Administration, Public Security, The Saudi Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Albanghali
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
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Alghazeer R, Alansari WS, Shamlan G, Eskandrani AA, Howell NK. An investigation of green tea’s effect on mackerel (Scomber Scombrus)’s protein structure during frozen storage by FT-Raman spectroscopy. KJS publishes peer-review articles in Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics, Statistics, Biology, Chemistry, and Earth & Environmental Sciences 2021. [DOI: 10.48129/kjs.v48i3.9339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
FT-Raman spectroscopy (FT-RS) was used to investigate green tea’s potential protective effect as an antioxidant during frozen storage of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Atlantic mackerel was stored for more than 26 weeks at −10°C or –80°C (control), with or without green tea (GT). Raman analysis showed substantial changes in protein structure due to frozen storage, especially at the higher storage temperature (−10°C), compared with the findings at −80°C or −10°C with instant GT, indicated by a decrease in the tyrosine doublet ratio, a-helix content. O-H stretching band intensity, along with an increase in tryptophan band intensity and β-sheet structure. GT as an antioxidant at a concentration of ~250 ppm can protect the structure of fish proteins for a limited storage period. However, for optimal freshness, fish should be stored at very low temperatures.
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Alghazeer R, Azwai S, Garbaj AM, Amr A, Elghmasi S, Sidati M, Yudiati E, Kubbat MG, Eskandrani AA, Shamlan G, Alansari WS. Alkaloids Rich Extracts from Brown Algae Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria by Distinctive Mode of Action. Arab J Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-05592-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Al-Griw MA, Alghazeer RO, Salama NM, Lwaleed BA, Eskandrani AA, Alansari WS, Alnajeebi AM, Babteen NA, Shamlan G, Elnfati AH. Paternal bisphenol A exposure induces testis and sperm pathologies in mice offspring: Possibly due to oxidative stress? Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:948-955. [PMID: 33424387 PMCID: PMC7783794 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine and metabolic disruptor, is widely used to manufacture polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Accumulating evidence suggests that paternal BPA exposure adversely affects male germlines and results in atypical reproductive phenotypes that might persist for generations to come. Our study investigated this exposure on testicular architecture and sperm quality in mouse offspring, and characterised underlying molecular mechanism(s). A total of 18 immature male Swiss albino mice (3.5 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups and treated as follows: Group I, no treatment (sham control); Group II, sterile corn oil only (vehicle control); Group III, BPA (400 μg/kg) in sterile corn oil. At 9.5 weeks old, F0 males were mated with unexposed females. F0 offspring (F1 generation) were monitored for postnatal development for 10 weeks. At 11.5 weeks old, the animals were sacrificed to examine testicular architecture, sperm parameters, including DNA integrity, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Results showed that BPA significantly induced changes in the body and testis weights of the F0 and F1 generation BPA lineages compared to F0 and F1 generation control lineages. A decrease in sperm count and motility with further, increased sperm abnormalities, no or few sperm DNA alterations and elevated levels of MDA, PC and NO were recorded. Similar effects were found in BPA exposed F0 males, but were more pronounced in the F0 offspring. In addition, BPA caused alterations in the testicular architecture. These pathological changes extended transgenerationally to F1 generation males’ mice, but the pathological changes were more pronounced in the F1 generation. Our findings demonstrate that the biological and health BPA impacts do not end in paternal adults, but are passed on to offspring generations. Hence, linking observed testis and sperm abnormalities in the F1 generation to BPA exposure of their parental line was evident in this work. The findings also illustrate that oxidative stress appears to be a molecular component of the testis and sperm pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Al-Griw
- Department of Histology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13203, Libya
| | - Rabia O Alghazeer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Naser M Salama
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Bashir A Lwaleed
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Areej A Eskandrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa S Alansari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan M Alnajeebi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf A Babteen
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Hakim Elnfati
- Department of Histology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13203, Libya
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Shamlan G, Bech P, Robertson MD, Collins AL. Correction: Acute effects of exercise intensity on subsequent substrate utilisation, appetite, and energy balance in men and women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:915. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Bech
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - M. Denise Robertson
- Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Adam L. Collins
- Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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Alghazeer R, Burwaiss AA, Howell NK, Alansari WS, Shamlan G, Eskandrani AA. Determining the Cytotoxicity of Oxidized Lipids in Cultured Caco-2 Cells Using Bioimaging Techniques. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071693. [PMID: 32272768 PMCID: PMC7180719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish lipids are comprised of considerable quantities of polyunsaturated acids and are prone to oxidation, producing reactive oxygen species and hydroperoxides. This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical and structural alterations in Caco-2 cells following exposure to 100 μg/mL methyl linoleate or fish oil, and then radiated for 24, 48 or 72 h. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy detected free radicals in the lipid membrane, Raman microscopy observed biochemical alterations and atomic force microscopy identified changes in morphology, such as the breakdown of DNA bonds. The study showed that bioimaging and biochemical techniques can be effective at detecting and diagnosing cellular injuries incurred by lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Alghazeer
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 50676, Libya
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdullah A. Burwaiss
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 50676, Libya;
| | - Nazlin K. Howell
- School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Wafa S. Alansari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Areej A. Eskandrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina 30002, Saudi Arabia;
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Alkahtani S, Eisa A, Kannas J, Shamlan G. Effect of acute high-intensity interval cycling while viewing a virtual natural scene on mood and eating behavior in men: A randomized pilot trial. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Shamlan G, Bech P, Robertson MD, Collins AL. Acute effects of exercise intensity on subsequent substrate utilisation, appetite, and energy balance in men and women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:1247-1253. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is capable of influencing the regulation of energy balance by acutely modulating appetite and energy intake coupled to effects on substrate utilization. Yet, few studies have examined acute effects of exercise intensity on aspects of both energy intake and energy metabolism, independently of energy cost of exercise. Furthermore, little is known as to the gender differences of these effects. One hour after a standardised breakfast, 40 (19 female), healthy participants (BMI 23.6 ± 3.6 kg·m−2, V̇O2peak 34.4 ± 6.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) undertook either high-intensity intermittent cycling (HIIC) consisting of 8 repeated 60 s bouts of cycling at 95% V̇O2peak or low-intensity continuous cycling (LICC), equivalent to 50% V̇O2peak, matched for energy cost (∼950 kJ) followed by 90 mins of rest, in a randomised crossover design. Throughout each study visit, satiety was assessed subjectively using visual analogue scales alongside blood metabolites and GLP-1. Energy expenditure and substrate utilization were measured over 75 min postexercise via indirect calorimetry. Energy intake was assessed for 48 h postintervention. No differences in appetite, GLP-1, or energy intakes were observed between HIIC and LICC, with or without stratifying for gender. Significant differences in postexercise nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were observed between intensities in both genders, coupled to a significantly lower respiratory exchange ratio following HIIC (P = 0.0028), with a trend towards greater reductions in respiratory exchange ratioin males (P = 0.079). In conclusion, high-intensity exercise, if energy matched, does not lead to greater appetite or energy intake, but may exert additional beneficial metabolic effects that may be more pronounced in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghalia Shamlan
- Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Bech
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - M. Denise Robertson
- Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Adam L. Collins
- Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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Shamlan G, Robertson MD, Collins A. PP10 Effect of exercise intensity on energy intake and energy expenditure in obese and lean individuals. Br J Sports Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094245.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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