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Guo Z, Wang L, Zhou J, Tong Y, Zhang J, Guan M, Yu M, Hu T, Wei Y. The effects of the Sanhuanglianqiao mixture on Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in Penaeus vannamei. Microb Pathog 2025:107735. [PMID: 40412734 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2025] [Accepted: 05/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025]
Abstract
The Sanhuanglianqiao mixture (SHLQ) was prepared from a certain proportion of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Forsythia suspensa, and Rheum palmatum L and obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. This study explored the effects of SHLQ on Penaeus vannamei and its protective role against Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) infection. The results indicated that the main active components of SHLQ, namely baicalin, phillyrin, and emodin, had concentrations of 7.34 mg/mL, 4.01 mg/mL, and 32.95 μg/mL, respectively. SHLQ significantly enhanced shrimp growth performance and digestive enzyme activities. Mechanistically, SHLQ augmented innate immunity by upregulating immune-related genes and boosting antioxidant defenses in hepatopancreas and hemolymph. Concurrently, SHLQ reshaped gut microbiota diversity, suppressing pathogenic Vibrionaceae while enriching beneficial taxa, thereby reinforcing metabolic and immune functions. Critically, SHLQ alleviated V. parahaemolyticus-induced intestinal/hepatopancreatic damage, increased hemolymph cell viability, and reduced apoptosis caused by the virulence factor rPirB. These synergistic effects-combining immunomodulation, microbiota regulation, and tissue protection-collectively improved shrimp survival rates. Our findings highlight SHLQ as a promising multi-target agent against V. parahaemolyticus infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Lianggang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Jiafang Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Yanmei Tong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Jinwu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Ming Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Meiling Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Tingjun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Yingyi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
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Liu Y, Pu C, Pei Z, Zhang W, Wei Z, Chen H, Huang Y. Retrospect of fishmeal substitution in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): a review. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2025; 51:21. [PMID: 39643859 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
With the growth of the population, the demand for aquatic products is increasing. Additionally, the development of the aquaculture industry has led to a heightened demand for fishmeal (FM). FM is a high-protein feed raw material made from one or more types of fish, which has been deoiled, dehydrated, and crushed. The world's major FM-producing countries include Peru, Chile, Japan, Denmark, etc., among which exports from Peru and Chile account for about 70% of the total trade volume. However, in recent years, global warming, environmental pollution, and overfishing have gradually declined marine fishery resources. The shortage of high-quality FM and its rising prices have become a significant constraint to the development of fisheries. Consequently, aquaculture nutritionists are actively seeking solutions to reduce the reliance on FM by either enhancing the utilization rate of existing FM or developing new protein sources as substitutes. The challenge of FM replacement has thus emerged as a significant global issue. Largemouth bass (LMB) is one of the more cultured freshwater fishes in the world and is popular among consumers for its delicious and delicate flesh and rich and diverse nutrition. The protein content in feed is an essential factor affecting LMB growth and feed cost. LMB protein requirement is about 40-50%, and the amount of FM added accounts for about 50% of the protein feed. This article reviews the current research status of alternative protein sources, including plant proteins, livestock and poultry by-product proteins, insect proteins, and single-cell proteins. This research is significant for exploring feed formulation and cost reduction for LMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Changchang Pu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Zhuo Pei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Weichuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Zihui Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
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Li L, Wang Y, Zhou X, Wang C. Fishmeal intervention after short-term novel proteins stimulates compensatory growth and affects intestinal health in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2025; 51:23. [PMID: 39653868 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 11/30/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
This research utilized a compensatory growth phenomenon aimed at reducing the use of fishmeal in aquatic animal feed. However, the compensatory growth triggered by fishmeal restriction with novel protein replacement has yet to be understood. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing different proteins were manufactured, with fishmeal serving as the control and diets containing novel proteins, i.e., Chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris), cottonseed protein concentrate, Clostridium autoethanogenum, and yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), serving as the experimental diets. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) with a starting body weight of 4.73 ± 0.04 g were respectively fed these five diets for the first 29 days (first stage), followed by a fishmeal diet for the remaining 29 days (second stage). The diet of fishmeal, Chlorella vulgaris, cottonseed protein concentrate, Clostridium autoethanogenum, and Tenebrio molitor was referred to as FM, ChM, CSM, CAP, and TM, respectively. All novel protein groups showed a 60-73% higher weight gain compared to the fishmeal group during the second phase; however, they did not reach the weight level seen in the control group. In addition, the second stage of fishmeal intervention resulted in a reduction of approximately 35% in the area of positive Alcian blue (AB) staining of intestinal tissues in the CSM group, and about 40% in the CAP group, compared to the first stage. Furthermore, the area of intestinal apoptosis in TM was enlarged after fishmeal intervention while it was decreased in other experimental groups. At day 58, gene expression analysis of the CAP group fish at the end of the trial revealed increased levels of the anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2, as well as higher expression of intestinal inflammatory cytokines il-1β, tnf-α, nf-κb p65, and il-10, compared to the FM group. In terms of the biochemical indices, the levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were reduced in CSM on day 58. An assessment of potential microbial function at end of trial demonstrated that CAP could reduce the lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism, and increased carbohydrate metabolism pathways in the largemouth bass intestine. In conclusion, both CAP and ChM groups showed promise to reduce fishmeal with respect to intestinal health rather than growth. This study should be of value to practitioners wishing to use novel proteins to reduce fishmeal via the utilization of the compensatory growth phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukuan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianjun Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Wang W, Huang J, Fang W, Zhang H, Chen Z, Lu J. Transcriptome analysis uncovers the expression of genes associated with growth in the gills and muscles of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with different growth rates. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101347. [PMID: 39486211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 10/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/04/2024]
Abstract
Litopenaeus vannamei is a crucial species in aquaculture. The gene expression patterns associated with distinct growth rates are not well understood. To investigate this, we used RNA-seq to study the underlying growth mechanism of L. vannamei with varying growth rates. Individuals of higher growth performance (HG), middle growth performance (MG), and lower growth performance (LG) were examined. A total of 8422 and 4560 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in gill and muscle samples, respectively. Genes related to growth were significantly up-regulated in HG gills, such as cuticle protein, chitin synthase, pupal cuticle protein, titin myosin G heavy chain, and myosin heavy chain 10. The GO enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs of HG gills were significantly enriched in "structural constituent of cuticle", "primary metabolic process" and "chitin binding". The growth-related genes were highly expressed in HG muscle, such as myosin heavy chain, myosin heavy chain type A and myosin 3. The GO enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs of HG muscle were significantly enriched in "myosin filament", "myosin complex" and "myofibril". These findings provide insights into mechanisms underlying the growth performance of superior L. vannamei, and identify candidate genes for genetic improvement programs aimed at enhancing this trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Junrou Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Wenyu Fang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Hongyun Zhang
- Guangdong Haiwei Aquaculture Co. LTD, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Guangdong Haiwei Aquaculture Co. LTD, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jianguo Lu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, China.
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Shi M, Sun L, Chen L, Qu K, Tan B, Xie S. Effects of hydroxyproline supplementation in low fish meal diet on growth, immunity and intestinal health of Litopenaeus vannamei. AQUACULTURE REPORTS 2024; 38:102323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2025]
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Shan C, Liu Y, Ma C, Li C, Liu Q, Liu S, Jiang G, Tian J. Dietary supplementation with Clostridium autoethanogenum protein improves growth performance and promotes muscle protein synthesis by activating the mTOR signaling pathway of the broiler. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1389738. [PMID: 38974336 PMCID: PMC11225622 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1389738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of different ratios of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) used in the diets on the growth performance, muscle quality, serum indexes, and mTOR pathway of white feather broilers. Four hundred and eighty 1-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers, comprising equal numbers of males and females, were randomly assigned to one of four treatments, and each treatment consisted of 12 replicates of 10 birds. Four diets were formulated based on isoenergetic and isonitrogenous principles. The control group (CAP 0) did not receive any CAP, while the experimental groups received 2% (CAP 2), 3% (CAP 3), and 4% (CAP 4) of CAP for six weeks. Compared with the CAP0, (1) The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower (p < 0.05), and the leg muscle yield was higher (p < 0.05) in the CAP3 and CAP4; (2) The serum levels of TP, ALB, T-AOC, and SOD were improved in the CAP3 (p < 0.05); (3) The expression of Lipin-1 gene was down-regulated and AMPKɑ2, Akt, and 4E-BP1 genes were up-regulated in the experiment group (p < 0.05); (4) The inclusion of 3% CAP in the diet increased the levels of 4E-BP1, S6K1, Akt, and AMPKɑ2 phosphorylation by modulating the mTOR signaling pathway (p < 0.05). In conclusion, broiler diets containing 3% CAP can activate the mTOR signaling pathway to promote muscle synthesis and improve growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiao Shan
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Dalian Sanyi Biotechnology Research Institute, Dalian Sanyi Animal Medicine Co., Ltd., Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Chaoxin Ma
- Research Quality Control Center, Jiangsu Sanyi Animal Nutrition Technology Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Research Quality Control Center, Jiangsu Sanyi Animal Nutrition Technology Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiuchen Liu
- Dalian Sanyi Biotechnology Research Institute, Dalian Sanyi Animal Medicine Co., Ltd., Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Sisi Liu
- Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guotuo Jiang
- Dalian Sanyi Biotechnology Research Institute, Dalian Sanyi Animal Medicine Co., Ltd., Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Yu Y, Wang X, Jin J, Han D, Zhu X, Liu H, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Xie S. Effects of the Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal by the Blend of Tenebrio molitor Meal, Chlorella Meal, Clostridium Autoethanogenum Protein, and Cottonseed Protein Concentrate on Growth, Protein Utilization, and Intestinal Health of Gibel Carp ( Carassius gibelio, CAS Ⅴ). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2024; 2024:5019899. [PMID: 39555514 PMCID: PMC11003381 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5019899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
The trial was conducted to investigate the effects of the replacement of dietary fishmeal (FM) by the blend of Tenebrio molitor meal (TMM), Chlorella meal (CM), Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP), cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) on growth, protein utilization and intestinal health of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio, CAS Ⅴ). The FM-based diet was used as the control, and the blended proteins (TMM: CM: CAP: CPC) at ratios of 1 : 1:8 : 2 (BLEND A), 1 : 1:6 : 4 (BLEND B), and 1 : 1:4 : 6 (BLEND C) were used to replace FM at three levels (33%, 67%, 100%), respectively. The results showed that, compared to the control group, growth performance increased significantly when dietary FM was fully replaced by BLEND B (P < 0.05), while decreased by BLEND A (P < 0.05). The complete substitution of FM with BLEND B significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal proinflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and tight junction-related genes (P < 0.05), improving intestinal tissue morphology and health. And it also significantly increased intestinal trypsin activity (P < 0.05), upregulated the mRNA expression of amino acid sensory receptor-related and amino acid or peptide transport-related genes (P < 0.05), increased protein apparent digestibility coefficient (P < 0.05). The 100% substitution of FM with BLEND A significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal proinflammatory cytokines and downregulated the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine il-10 (P < 0.05), reduced intestinal villus height (P < 0.05), and decreased protein apparent digestibility coefficient (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BLEND B could completely substitute dietary FM and was beneficial to the growth and health of gibel carp. Dietary digestible essential amino acids index (DEEAI) was found as an important indicator and should be higher than 79.5% to meet the maximum growth of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongning Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan 430072, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Li G, Yuan H, Fu Z, Luo X, Xue Z, Zhang S. Investigating the Impact of Varied Dietary Protein Levels on Litopenaeus vannamei: An Exploration of the Intestinal Microbiota and Transcriptome Responses. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:372. [PMID: 38338015 PMCID: PMC10854741 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of dietary protein levels on Litopenaeus vannamei with its intestinal microbiota and transcriptome responses. Previous studies on the effects of dietary protein levels on L. vannamei have focused on growth performance, antioxidant indices, and digestive enzyme activity, but few studies have been conducted at the microbiological and molecular levels. In this study, five isolipid experimental diets with protein levels of 32% (P32), 36% (P36), 40% (P40), 44% (P44), and 48% (P48) were used in an L. vannamei (0.63 ± 0.02 g) feeding trial for 56 days. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth performance, immunity, intestinal health, and transcriptional responses of L. vannamei were determined. This study demonstrated that higher protein levels (P44) led to superior weight gain and growth rates for L. vannamei, with lower feed conversion ratios (FCR) observed in the P48 and P44 groups compared to the P32 and P36 groups (p ≤ 0.05). The P44 and P48 groups also showed a notably higher protein efficiency ratio (PER) compared to others (p ≤ 0.05), and there was no significant difference between them. Upon Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, the P48 group exhibited a significantly lower survival rate (SR) within 48 h, while during 72 h of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, the P44 group had a notably higher survival rate than the P32 group (p ≤ 0.05). Digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant levels in L. vannamei initially increased and then decreased as protein levels increased, usually peaking in the P40 or P44 groups. Lower dietary protein levels significantly reduced the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and increased the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines of L. vannamei. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated and then down-regulated as dietary protein levels increased. Furthermore, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that several immune and metabolic pathways, including metabolic pathways, glutathione metabolism, cytochrome P450, and lysosome and pancreatic secretion, were significantly enriched. In summary, the optimal feed protein level for L. vannamei shrimp was 40-44%. Inappropriate feed protein levels reduced antioxidant levels and digestive enzyme activity and promoted pathogen settlement, deceasing factors in various metabolic pathways that respond to microorganisms through transcriptional regulation. This could lead to stunted growth in L. vannamei and compromise their immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongyu Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.L.)
| | - Hang Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.L.)
| | - Zhibin Fu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.L.)
| | - Xinghui Luo
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.L.)
| | - Zhihao Xue
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.L.)
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Zhang Y, Qin Y, Ju H, Liu J, Chang F, Junaid M, Duan D, Zhang J, Diao X. Mechanistic toxicity and growth abnormalities mediated by subacute exposure to environmentally relevant levels of benzophenone-3 in clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166308. [PMID: 37595922 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is a UV filter that is ubiquitously present in the environment due to its photostability and degradation resistance and has wide applications in personal care products. BP-3 will eventually be discharged into the ocean. Studies shows BP-3 interferes with endocrine system of aquatic organisms, especially fish. However, the toxicity and mechanisms of subacute exposure of the coral reef fish to BP-3 remain elusive. Here, we exposed the one-month-old clown anemonefish to BP-3 at 1 and 10 μg/L for 14 and 28 days, respectively. After chronic exposure, the effects of BP-3 on the growth of clown anemonefish were investigated in terms of growth-related hormones, immune enzyme activity, digestive enzyme activity, transcriptional profiling of feeding- and obesity-related genes and digital RNA sequencing. The body weight in the BP-3 groups were abnormally increased (1 μg/L group in 14 days treatment and all groups in 28 days treatment), altered insulin content (28 days exposure), immune-related and digestive-related enzymatic activities. At the molecular level, BP-3 interferes with the expression of feeding- and obesity-related genes. Digital RNA sequencing analysis showed that BP-3 interferes with Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways related to growth, social behavior (learning behavior), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and insulin secretion. Notably, in the insulin secretion, BP-3 induced Ca2+ up-regulation that may damage β cells. Growth abnormalities and social behavior (learning behavior) KEGG pathway disturbances may have potential impacts on populations of clown anemonefish. Our results reveal the toxicological effects of subacute exposure to BP-3, and provides insight into the effects and mechanisms of BP-3 on clown anemonefish growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; College of Life Science Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Yongqiang Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; College of Life Science Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Hanye Ju
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; College of Life Science Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; College of Life Science Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Fengtong Chang
- College of Ecology and Environment Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Dandan Duan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; College of Life Science Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Jiliang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; College of Life Science Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Xiaoping Diao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; College of Life Science Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China.
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Yu H, Li M, Yu L, Ma X, Wang S, Yuan Z, Li L. Partial Replacement of Fishmeal with Poultry By-Product Meal in Diets for Coho Salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch) Post-Smolts. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2789. [PMID: 37685053 PMCID: PMC10487097 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of partially substituting fish meal (FM) with poultry by-product meal (PBPM) on the growth, muscle composition, and tissue biochemical parameters of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) post-smolts. Five isonitrogenous (7.45% nitrogen) and isoenergetic (18.61 MJ/kg gross energy) experimental diets were made by substituting 0%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60% FM protein with PBPM protein, which were designated accordingly as PBPM0 (the control), PBPM10, PBPM20, PBPM40, and PBPM60, respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicates of ten post-smolts (initial individual body weight, 180.13 ± 1.32 g) in three floating cages three times daily (6:50, 11:50, and 16:50) to apparent satiation for 84 days. Both specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) among the control, PBPM10, and PBPM20 groups, which were remarkably (p < 0.05) higher than those of the PBPM40 and PBPM60 groups. Feed conversion ratio varied inversely with SGR. The PBPM replacement had no remarkable effects on the morphological indices and proximal muscle components. The control and PBPM10 groups led to significantly higher muscle contents of leucine, lysine, and methionine than groups of higher PBPM inclusion. The groups of PBPM40 and PBPM60 obtained significantly (p < 0.05) higher serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities than the control and low PBPM inclusion groups. The control group had significantly higher albumin and total cholesterol contents than the groups with PBPM inclusion. The control group had significantly higher triglycerides content than the PBPM60 group. The PBPM60 group had significantly lower contents of high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and total protein than the control and PBPM10 groups. The high PBPM replacement level up to 40% and 60% had adverse effects on hepatic malondialdehyde levels. The catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were not affected by low PBPM inclusion, but significantly decreased in high-PBPM-inclusion groups. Based on broken-line regression analysis of SGR and PER, the optimum dietary PBPM replacing level was evaluated to be 16.63-17.50% of FM protein for coho salmon post-smolts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (M.L.); (L.Y.); (S.W.); (Z.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (M.L.); (L.Y.); (S.W.); (Z.Y.); (L.L.)
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Coho Salmon Health Culture Engineering Technology, Shandong Conqueren Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang 261108, China
| | - Leyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (M.L.); (L.Y.); (S.W.); (Z.Y.); (L.L.)
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Coho Salmon Health Culture Engineering Technology, Shandong Conqueren Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang 261108, China
| | - Xuejun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (M.L.); (L.Y.); (S.W.); (Z.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Shuliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (M.L.); (L.Y.); (S.W.); (Z.Y.); (L.L.)
- Weifang Marine Development and Fisheries Bureau, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Ziyi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (M.L.); (L.Y.); (S.W.); (Z.Y.); (L.L.)
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Coho Salmon Health Culture Engineering Technology, Shandong Conqueren Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang 261108, China
| | - Lingyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (M.L.); (L.Y.); (S.W.); (Z.Y.); (L.L.)
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Coho Salmon Health Culture Engineering Technology, Shandong Conqueren Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang 261108, China
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Xu J, Huang B, Chi S, Zhang S, Cao J, Tan B, Xie S. Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal with Clostridium autoethanogenum Protein on Lipidomics and Lipid Metabolism in Muscle of Pearl Gentian Grouper. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:6723677. [PMID: 37424881 PMCID: PMC10328730 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6723677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) is an economical and alternative protein source. Here, three experimental diets were formulated with CAP replacing 0% (CAP-0), 30% (CAP-30), and 60% (CAP-60) of fishmeal to investigate the alterations of structure integrity, fatty acids profiles, and lipid metabolism in the muscle of pearl gentian grouper. With increasing levels of CAP substitution, the percentages of 16 : 0 or 18 : 0 were decreased in triglycerides (TG) and diacylglycerols (DG); 18 : 1 or 18 : 2 was increased at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions in phosphatidylethanolamines; 20 : 5n-3 was increased in TG and DG. The phosphatidylcholines (PC) (18 : 3/20 : 5), PC(22 : 6/17 : 1), and sphingomyelins (d19 : 0/24 : 4) were identified as potential lipid biomarkers between CAP treatments. The CAP-30 treatment enhanced lipolysis and lipogenesis, while the CAP-60 treatment inhibited lipogenesis. In conclusion, fishmeal replacement with CAP affected the lipid characteristics and lipid metabolism, whereas it did not affect the structural integrity and fatty acids profiles in the muscle of pearl gentian grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Bocheng Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Junming Cao
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shiwei Xie
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Shi M, Zheng C, Sun Y, Li X, He G, Cao J, Tan B, Xie S. Effects of Dietary Chenodeoxycholic Acid Supplementation in a Low Fishmeal Diet Containing Clostridium autoethanogenum Protein on Growth, Lipid and Cholesterol Metabolism, and Hepatopancreas Health of Litopenaeus vannamei. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2109. [PMID: 37443907 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the impact of adding chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) to the diet of Litopenaeus vannamei on their growth performance, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, and hepatopancreas health while being fed a low fishmeal diet. Five diets were formulated, one of which contained 25% fishmeal (PC); fishmeal was partially replaced with Clostridium autoethanogenum protein in the remaining four diets and supplemented with 0, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09% CDCA (NC, BA1, BA2, and BA3, respectively). In this study, four replicates of each diet were assigned and each replicate consisted of 30 shrimp with an average weight of (0.25 ± 0.03 g). The shrimp were fed four times a day for a period of 56 days. The results of this study indicate that the inclusion of CDCA in the diet had a positive impact on the growth performance of the shrimp. The final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) of the shrimp in the PC group were similar to those in the BA2 group, and significantly higher than those in the other three groups. The survival rate (SR) was similar among all groups. In comparison to the PC group, the low fishmeal groups exhibited a significant decrease in the crude lipid content of the whole shrimp, as well as the Total cholesterol (T-CHOL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and High-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels in the hemolymph. Regarding the sterol metabolism, the dietary supplementation of CDCA up-regulated the mRNA expression of intracellular cholesterol transporter 1-like (npc1), 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (7dhcr), Delta (24) sterol reductase (Δ24), HMG-CoA reductase membrane form (hmgcr), and sterol carrier protein 2 (scp). In the lipid metabolism, the mRNA expression of sterol-regulatory element binding protein (srebp) was significantly down-regulated in the shrimp fed the BA1 diet and the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (ampk) was significantly up-regulated in the shrimp fed the BA1 and BA3 diets compared to the PC group. The mRNA expression of triacylglycerol lipase (tgl) was significantly up-regulated in the shrimp fed the BA2 diet compared to the NC group. Compared with the shrimp fed the PC diets, the dietary supplementation of CDCA significantly down-regulated the protein expression of SREBP1. The lumen damage in the BA1 group was significantly less severe than those in the NC group. The addition of 0.06% CDCA to low fishmeal diets can improve the growth performance, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, and hepatopancreas health of L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Shi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chaozhong Zheng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yidan Sun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Guilun He
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Junming Cao
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shiwei Xie
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Aquatic Animals Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Wang H, Hu X, Chen J, Yuan H, Hu N, Tan B, Dong X, Zhang S. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Immunoregulation of Replacing Fishmeal with Cottonseed Protein Concentrates on Litopenaeus vannamei. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071185. [PMID: 37048440 PMCID: PMC10093030 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) is a new non-food protein source with high crude protein, low price, and abundant resources, making it an ideal substitute for fishmeal. In this study, we investigated the effects of CPC re placing fishmeal on the immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei using transcriptome sequencing. L. vannamei (initial body weight: 0.42 ± 0.01 g) were fed four isonitrogenous and isolipid feeds for eight weeks, with CPC replacing fishmeal at 0% (control, FM), 15% (CPC15), 30% (CPC30), and 45% (CPC45), respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, the changes of the activities and expression of immune-related enzymes were consistent in L. vannamei in the CPC-containing group when compared with the FM group. Among them, the activities of ACP, PO, and LZM in the group whose diet was CPC30 were significantly higher than those in the FM group. Moreover, the activities of AKP, SOD, and CAT were significantly higher in the group containing CPC than in the FM group. Furthermore, all CPC groups had considerably lower MDA levels than the FM group. This suggests that the substitution of fishmeal with CPC leads to a significant immune response in L. vannamei. Compared with the FM group, transcriptome analysis identified 805 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (484 down and 321 up), 694 (266 down and 383 up), and 902 (434 down and 468 up) in CPC15, CPC30, and CPC45, respectively. Among all DEGs, 121 DEGs were shared among different CPC-containing groups compared with the FM group. Most of these differential genes are involved in immune-related signaling pathways. The top 20 signaling pathways enriched for differential genes contained toxoplasmosis, pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, insulin resistance, and Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathways, in which NF-kappa-B inhibitor Cactus were involved. In addition, trend analysis comparison of the DEGs shared by the group with CPC in the diet and the FM group showed that Cactus genes were significantly down-regulated in the group with CPC in the diet and were lowest in the CPC30 group. Consistently, the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes was significantly higher in both diet-containing CPC groups than in the FM group. In conclusion, the moderate amount of CPC substituted for fishmeal may improve the immunity of L. vannamei by suppressing the expression of Cactus genes, thereby increasing the expression of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; (H.W.)
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; (H.W.)
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; (H.W.)
| | - Hang Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; (H.W.)
| | - Naijie Hu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; (H.W.)
| | - Beiping Tan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; (H.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524000, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; (H.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524000, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; (H.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524000, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence:
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Xu J, Wang J, Ma C, Wei Z, Zhai Y, Tian N, Zhu Z, Xue M, Li D. Embracing a low-carbon future by the production and marketing of C1 gas protein. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 63:108096. [PMID: 36621726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Food scarcity and environmental deterioration are two major problems that human populations currently face. Fortunately, the disruptive innovation of raw food materials has been stimulated by the rapid evolution of biomanufacturing. Therefore, it is expected that the new trends in technology will not only alter the natural resource-dependent food production systems and the traditional way of life but also reduce and assimilate the greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. This review article summarizes the metabolic pathways associated with C1 gas conversion and the production of single-cell protein for animal feed. Moreover, the protein function, worldwide authorization, market access, and methods to overcome challenges in C1 gas assimilation microbial cell factory construction are also provided. With widespread attention and increasing policy support, the production of C1 gas protein will bring more opportunities and make tremendous contributions to our sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Centre of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunling Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China; National Centre of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zuoxi Wei
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Centre of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Yida Zhai
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Centre of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Centre of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Centre of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Min Xue
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Demao Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China; National Centre of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin, China.
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Wang X, Wan M, Wang Z, Zhang H, Zhu S, Cao X, Xu N, Zheng J, Bu X, Xu W, Mai K, Ai Q. Effects of Tributyrin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Inflammation-Related Gene Expression of Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea) Fed with a High Level of Clostridium autoethanogenum Protein. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:2687734. [PMID: 36860969 PMCID: PMC9973137 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2687734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week growth experiment was conducted to investigate effects of tributyrin (TB) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, and inflammation-related gene expression of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) (initial weight of 12.90 ± 0.02 g) fed diets with high level of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP). In the negative control diet, 40% fish meal was used as the major source of protein (named as FM), while 45% fish meal protein of FM was substituted with CAP (named as FC) to form a positive control diet. Based on the FC diet, grade levels of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% tributyrin were added to formulate other five experimental diets. Results showed that fish fed diets with high levels of CAP significantly decreased the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) compared with fish fed the FM diet (P < 0.05). WGR and SGR were significantly higher than in fish fed diets with 0.05% and 0.1% tributyrin that fed the FC diet (P < 0.05). Supplementation of 0.1% tributyrin significantly elevated fish intestinal lipase and protease activities compared to FM and FC diets (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, compared to fish fed the FC diet, fish fed diets with 0.05% and 0.1% tributyrin showed remarkably higher intestinal total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the intestine of fish fed diets with 0.05%-0.4% tributyrin was remarkably lower than those in the fish fed the FC diet (P < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor α (tnfα), interleukin-1β (il-1β), interleukin-6 (il-6), and interferon γ (ifnγ) were significantly downregulated in fish fed diets with 0.05%-0.2% tributyrin, and the mRNA expression of il-10 was significantly upregulated in fish fed the 0.2% tributyrin diet (P < 0.05). In regard to antioxidant genes, as the supplementation of tributyrin increased from 0.05% to 0.8%, the mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2) demonstrated a trend of first rising and then decreasing. However, the mRNA expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (keap1) was remarkably lower in fish fed the FC diet than that fed diets with tributyrin supplementation (P < 0.05). Overall, fish fed tributyrin supplementation diets can ameliorate the negative effects induced by high proportion of CAP in diets, with an appropriate supplementation of 0.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuneng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Min Wan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Guangdong Evergreen Feed Industry Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Si Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiufei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jichang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xianyong Bu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266003, China
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16
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Vertiprakhov VG, Grozina AA, Fisinin VI, Surai PF. Adaptation of chicken pancreatic secretory functions to feed composition. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2023; 79:27-41. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2163042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. G. Vertiprakhov
- Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. A. Grozina
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad, Russia
| | - V. I. Fisinin
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad, Russia
| | - P. F. Surai
- Department of Biochemistry, Vitagene and Health Research Centre, Bristol, UK
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Wang Y, Jia X, Guo Z, Li L, Liu T, Zhang P, Liu H. Effect of dietary soybean saponin Bb on the growth performance, intestinal nutrient absorption, morphology, microbiota, and immune response in juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1093567. [PMID: 36618377 PMCID: PMC9816404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean meal is widely applied in the aquafeeds due to the limitation of fish meal resources. Numerous studies have manifested that dietary soybean saponin, an anti-nutrient factor in soybean meal, may slow growth and induce intestinal inflammation in aquatic animals, but the possible causes are unclear. The juvenile Pelodiscus sinensis (mean initial body weight: 6.92 ± 0.03 g) were fed basal diet (CON group) and 2.46% soybean saponin Bb-supplemented diet (SAP group) for 35 days to further explore the effects of dietary soybean saponin Bb on the growth performance, apparent digestibility coefficients, intestinal morphology, the gut microbiota, intestinal transporters/channels, and immune-related gene expression. The results indicated that dietary soybean saponin Bb significantly decreased final body weight, specific growth rate, protein deposition ratio, and apparent digestibility coefficients (dry matter, crude protein, and crude lipid) of nutrients in Pelodiscus sinensis, which may be closely correlated with markedly atrophic villus height and increased lamina propria width in the small intestine. In addition, plasma contents of cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, lysozyme, and C3 were significantly decreased in the SAP group compared with the control group. Soybean saponin Bb significantly downregulated the mRNA levels of glucose transporter 2, fatty acid binding protein 1 and fatty acid binding protein 2, amino acid transporter 2, b0,+-type amino acid transporter 1, and sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2b in the small intestine. At the same time, the expressions of key transcription factors (STAT1, TBX21, FOS), chemokines (CCL3), cytokines (TNF-α, IL-8), and aquaporins (AQP3, AQP6) in the inflammatory response were increased by soybean saponin Bb in the large intestine of a turtle. Additionally, dietary supplementation of SAP significantly reduced the generic abundance of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacillus) and harmful bacteria (Helicobacter and Bacteroides). In a nutshell, dietary supplementation of 2.46% soybean saponin not only hindered the growth performance by negatively affecting the macronutrients absorption in the small intestine but also induced an inflammatory response in the large intestine possibly by damaging the intestinal morphology, disturbing the intestinal microbiota and decreasing intestinal epithelial cell membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinyue Jia
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zixue Guo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ling Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Peiyu Zhang, ; Haiyan Liu,
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Peiyu Zhang, ; Haiyan Liu,
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18
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Zheng C, Cao J, Chi S, Dong X, Yang Q, Liu H, Zhang S, Xie S, Tan B. Dietary phosphorus supplementation in the diet of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) alleviated the adverse impacts caused by high Clostridium autoethanogenum protein. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:137-149. [PMID: 36206997 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effects of dietary phosphorus supplementation on the fishmeal replacement with Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) in the diet of L. vannamei. Four isonitrogenous and isolipid diets were formulated: the PC diet contains 25% fishmeal, the NC, P1 and P2 diets were replaced 40% fishmeal with CAP and supplemented with 0, 0.8 and 1.6% NaH2PO4 respectively (equivalent to dietary phosphorus level of 0.96%, 1.12% and 1.27%). Sampling and V. parahaemolyticus challenge test were conducted after 50-day-feeding (initial shrimp weight 1.79 ± 0.02 g). The results showed that there were no significant differences in the growth performance of shrimp among the 4 groups. The expressions of dorsal in the gut were significantly lower in shrimp fed the P1 and P2 diets than shrimp fed the NC diet and the expression of peroxinectin in the gut was lower in shrimp fed the NC diet than others. The cumulative mortality of shrimp after V. parahaemolyticus challenge was significantly lower in shrimp fed the P2 diet than those fed the NC diet. After the challenge, genes expressions related to the prophenoloxidase activating system (proPO, lgbp, ppaf) were inhibited in the hepatopancreas of shrimp fed NC diet but activated in shrimp fed the P1 diet compared to those fed the PC diet. The AKP and T-AOC activities were higher in shrimp fed the P2 diet than those fed the other diets. The thickness of muscle layer of shrimp fed the P1 diet was thicker than that in the other groups, and significant stress damage happened in the midgut of the shrimp fed the NC diet. The abundance of Pseudoalteromonas, Haloferula and Ruegeria in shrimp fed the P1 diet was higher than those fed the other diets, while Vibrio in shrimp fed the P2 diet was higher than those fed the other diets. This indicated that a low fishmeal diet with dietary phosphorus level of 1.12% could improve the histology, enhance immune response, and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut of shrimp. The low fishmeal diet with dietary phosphorus level of 1.27% could improve disease resistance and antioxidant capacity, but there was a possibility of damage to the gut histology as well as increasing abundance of Vibrio in the gut microbiota of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhong Zheng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Junming Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, PR China; Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Shiwei Xie
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, PR China.
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, PR China.
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Wu Y, Wang J, Jia M, Huang S, Cao Y, Yao T, Li J, Yang Y, Gu X. Clostridium autoethanogenum protein inclusion in the diet for broiler: Enhancement of growth performance, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1028792. [PMID: 36504874 PMCID: PMC9731230 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1028792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of the new single-cell protein Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) on growth performance, plasma biochemical indexes, liver histology, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota in Cobb broilers. According to the randomized block experimental design, 960 Cobb broilers (1d old) were divided into six treatments with eight replicates of 20 birds each. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with different contents of CAP (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) to replace soybean meal (SBM). The results showed that the addition of CAP did not influence liver health when it exceeded 2%. The protein metabolism markers and feed conversion rate increased (P < 0.05), significantly improving the growth performance. When the content of CAP was greater than 4%, it could promote lipolysis without affecting lipogenesis, decreasing the abdominal fat rate. There was no significant difference in MDA between these groups (P = 0.948). The increase of SOD and GSH-Px indicated the enhancement of antioxidant response. Alpha diversity did not significantly differ between groups (P > 0.05). Inclusion of 4% or less CAP led to the increase in beneficial microbiota, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid (P < 0.05), and the concentration of primary bile acids such as cholic acid and goose deoxycholic acid (P < 0.05). While the concentration of secondary bile acids such as taurocholic acid and taurine goose deoxycholic acid was decreased (P < 0.05). These results illustrated that the CAP had a high potential for application in poultry nutrition. In terms of improving growth performance and antioxidant capacity and reducing fat deposition rate, 4% CAP content is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Wu
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Feed-Derived Factor Risk Assessment for Animal Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China,Shanghai Municipal Supervisory Institute Veterinary Drugs and Feedstaff, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Feed-Derived Factor Risk Assessment for Animal Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Shixin Huang
- Shanghai Municipal Supervisory Institute Veterinary Drugs and Feedstaff, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Shanghai Municipal Supervisory Institute Veterinary Drugs and Feedstaff, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Feed-Derived Factor Risk Assessment for Animal Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Junguo Li
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Feed-Derived Factor Risk Assessment for Animal Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xu Gu
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Feed-Derived Factor Risk Assessment for Animal Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xu Gu
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20
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Chen J, Wang H, Yuan H, Hu N, Zou F, Li C, Shi L, Tan B, Zhang S. Effects of dietary Clostridium autoethanogenum protein on the growth, disease resistance, intestinal digestion, immunity and microbiota structure of Litopenaeus vannamei reared at different water salinities. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1034994. [PMID: 36275652 PMCID: PMC9585349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortage of fishmeal (FM) resources limits the healthy development of aquaculture. Developing new protein sources to replace FM in aquatic feeds is an effective measure to alleviate this situation. However, the application effect of new protein sources is greatly affected by water salinity, which is an important parameter of aquaculture. In this study, the growth, disease resistance, and intestinal digestion, immunity, and microbiota structure of Litopenaeus vannamei (initial weight: 0.38 ± 0.01 g) fed on Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) or not at three different water salinities (15 ‰, 30 ‰, and 45 ‰) were compared, aiming to explore the effects of dietary CAP on shrimp when suffering different salinity stresses. The results showed that the growth performance, feed utilization, and survival rate (SR) after pathogen challenge of L. vannamei could be significantly improved by dietary CAP when compared with the control at the same salinity and they were also significantly affected by salinity changes when L. vannamei was fed on the same protein source. With the increase in salinity, obvious upregulation was observed in the activities and gene expression of digestive enzymes both in L. vannamei fed on FM and CAP, with significantly higher levels in L. vannamei fed on CAP than in those fed on FM at the same salinity. Meanwhile, the expression levels of immune genes in the CAP group were significantly higher than those in the FM group at different salinities. The intestinal microbiota analysis showed that CAP could increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and decrease the relative abundance of harmful bacteria in the intestine of L. vannamei at the phylum, family, and genus levels, and it was more affected by salinity changes when compared with FM. Besides, the changes in salinity and protein sources led to different changes in the intestinal microflora function of L. vannamei. In sum, this study indicated that CAP could improve the growth, disease resistance, digestive capacity, and intestinal microflora of L. vannamei with a much more intense immune response and enhance its ability to cope with salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hongming Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Naijie Hu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fangqi Zou
- Technology R&D Department, Beijing Shoulang Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- Technology R&D Department, Beijing Shoulang Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lili Shi
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Laboratory, Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Laboratory, Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Shuang Zhang,
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21
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Cui X, Ma Q, Duan M, Xu H, Liang M, Wei Y. Effects of fishmeal replacement by Clostridium autoethanogenum protein on the growth, digestibility, serum free amino acid and gene expression related to protein metabolism of obscure pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Zheng J, Zhang W, Dan Z, Zhuang Y, Liu Y, Mai K, Ai Q. Replacement of dietary fish meal with Clostridium autoethanogenum meal on growth performance, intestinal amino acids transporters, protein metabolism and hepatic lipid metabolism of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Front Physiol 2022; 13:981750. [PMID: 36091361 PMCID: PMC9451173 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.981750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium autoethanogenum meal (CAM) is a novel single-cell protein, which is produced from bacteria using carbon monoxide (CO) as sole carbon source. To evaluate the efficiency of CAM as an alternative for dietary fish meal, a 56-days growth experiment was performed on juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) with initial average weight of 9.13 ± 0.02 g. Six iso-nitrogenous (crude protein, 51.0%) and iso-lipidic (crude lipid, 11.5%) diets were formulated with 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 80% dietary fish meal protein substituted by CAM protein, which were designated as CAM0 (the control group), CAM15, CAM30, CAM45, CAM60 and CAM80, respectively. Results showed that no significant differences were observed in survival rate (over 97.50%) among different dietary treatments (p > 0.05). The specific growth rate (SGR) was not significantly affected when replacement levels of dietary fish meal with CAM were less than 45% (p > 0.05). The feed intake (FI) was significantly linear reduced with increasing dietary CAM (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed in feed efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein retention (PR) among different dietary treatments (p > 0.05). With increasing dietary CAM, lipid retention (LR) and carcass lipid tended to be increased in both significantly linear and quadratic patterns (p < 0.05). The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of crude protein and some essential amino acids, including threonine, valine, lysine, histidine and arginine, showed significantly linear increase with increasing dietary CAM (p < 0.05). Furthermore, with the increase of dietary CAM, the gene expression of intestinal peptide and amino acids transporters was first up-regulated and then down-regulated with significantly quadratic pattern (p < 0.05), peaking in fish fed with diets CAM30 or CAM45, which was similar to the expression of genes related protein degradation in muscle. For genes related to protein metabolism in liver and muscle, the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) was not significantly affected by dietary CAM, while the general control nonderepressible 2 (gcn2) tended to be first up-regulated and then down-regulated with significantly quadratic pattern (p < 0.05). Apart from that, the lipid metabolism of turbot was also affected by high dietary CAM, evidenced by increased expression of hepatic genes related to lipogenesis as well as reduced expression of genes related to lipid oxidation and lipid transport. In conclusion, CAM can replace up to 45% fish meal protein in diet for juvenile turbot without significantly adverse effects on growth performance. But excessive dietary CAM would result in significant growth reduction, and excessive lipid deposition may also occur in fish fed diets with high levels of CAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wencong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijie Dan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanwen Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Qinghui Ai,
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Dietary supplementation with Weissella cibaria C-10 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens T-5 enhance immunity against Aeromonas veronii infection in crucian carp (Carassiu auratus). Microb Pathog 2022; 167:105559. [PMID: 35568093 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to discover novel lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus strains from fish as potential probiotics to replace antibiotics in aquaculture, the present study was conducted to isolate lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus from intestinal tract of healthy crucian carp (Carassiu auratus) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and evaluate their resistance against Aeromonas veronii. Based on the evaluation of antibacterial activity and tolerance test, one strain of lactic acid bacteria (Weissella cibaria C-10) and one strain of Bacillus (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens T-5) with strong environmental stability were screened out. The safety evaluation showed that these two strains were non-toxic to crucian carp and were sensitive to most antibiotics. In vivo study, the crucian carps were fed a basal diet supplemented with W. cibaria C-10 (C-10), B. amyloliquefaciens T-5 (T-5) and W. cibaria C-10 + B. amyloliquefaciens T-5 (C-10+T-5), respectively, for 5 weeks. Then, various immune parameters were measured at 35 days of post-feeding. Results showed both probiotics could improve the activities of related immune enzymes, immune factors and non-specific immune antibodies in blood and organs (gill, gut, kidney, liver, and spleen) of crucian carp in varying degrees. Moreover, after 7 days of challenge experiment, the survival rates after challenged with A. veronii of W. cibaria C-10 (C-10), B. amyloliquefaciens T-5 (T-5) and W. cibaria C-10 + B. amyloliquefaciens T-5 (C-10+T-5) supplemented groups to the crucian carps were 20%, 33% and 22%, respectively. Overall, W. cibaria C-10 and B. amyloliquefaciens T-5 could be considered to be developed into microecological preparations for the alternatives of antibiotics in aquaculture.
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