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Manrique-Silva E, David ME, Maider AM, García-Casado Z, Moro R, Requena C, Través V, Virós A, Kumar R, Nagore E. Clinical, histological, and molecular differences in melanoma due to different TERT promoter mutations subtypes. A retrospective cross-sectional study in 684 melanoma patients. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024; 37:343-351. [PMID: 38153178 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Differences in survival according to the pTERT mutation subtypes (-124C > T, -146C > T, and tandem -138_139CC > TT) have been observed. The present study aimed to describe the clinical as the histopathological and molecular cutaneous melanoma features according to the presence of the three most prevalent pTERT mutation subtypes (-124C > T, -146C > T, and tandem -138_139CC > TT). A retrospective cross-sectional study including 684 patients was designed, and a Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was performed. After the PSL-DA, it was observed that the tandem -138_139CC > TT subtype differs from the other subtypes. The model demonstrated that the -124C > T and the -138_139 CC > TT subtypes were associated with fast-growing melanomas (OR 0.5, CI 0.29-0.86, p = .012) and with Breslow >2 mm (OR 0.6, CI 0.37-0.97, p = .037), compared to the -146C > T mutation. Finally, the -124C > T appeared to be more associated with the presence of TILs (non-brisk) than the -146C > T (OR 0.6, CI 0.40-1.01, p = .05). These findings confirmed that the -124C > T and the tandem -138_139 CC > TT subtypes are both highly associated with the presence of features of aggressiveness; however, only the -124C > T was highly associated with TILs. This difference could explain the worse survival rate associated with the tandem -138_139CC > TT mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Manrique-Silva
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", València, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Millán-Esteban David
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", València, Spain
| | - Aguerralde-Martin Maider
- Máster de Ingeniería de Análisis de Datos, Toma de Decisiones y Mejora de Procesos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Zaida García-Casado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ruggero Moro
- Instituto Dermatológico Dr. Alonso, Hospital Vithas Valencia 9 de Octubre, Spain
| | - Celia Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Través
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amaya Virós
- Skin Cancer and Aging Lab, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschüngzentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", València, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", València, Spain
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2
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Zhang XX, Yu XY, Xu SJ, Shi XQ, Chen Y, Shi Q, Sun C. rs2736098, a synonymous polymorphism, is associated with carcinogenesis and cell count in multiple tissue types by regulating TERT expression. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27802. [PMID: 38496869 PMCID: PMC10944260 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
rs2736098 is a synonymous polymorphism in TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase), an enzyme involved in tumor onset of multiple tissues, and should play no roles in carcinogenesis. However, a search in cancer somatic mutation database indicated that the mutation frequency at rs2736098 is much higher than the average one for TERT. Moreover, there are significant H3K4me1 and H3K27Ac signals, two universal histone modifications for active enhancers, surrounding rs2736098. Therefore, we hypothesized that rs2736098 might be within an enhancer region, regulate TERT expression and influence cancer risk. Through luciferase assay, it was verified that the enhancer activity of rs2736098C allele is significantly higher than that of T in multiple tissues. Transfection of plasmids containing TERT coding region with two different alleles indicated that rs2736098C allele can induce a significantly higher TERT expression than T. By chromatin immunoprecipitation, it was observed that the fragment spanning rs2736098 can interact with USF1 (upstream transcription factor 1). The two alleles of rs2736098 present evidently different binding affinity with nuclear proteins. Database and literature search indicated that rs2736098 is significantly associated with carcinogenesis in multiple tissues and count of multiple cell types. All these facts indicated that rs2736098 is also an oncogenic polymorphism and plays important role in cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, PR China
| | - Xin-Yi Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, PR China
| | - Shuang-Jia Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qian Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, PR China
| | - Qiang Shi
- College of Biology Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo, Shaanxi, 726000, PR China
| | - Chang Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, PR China
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Beaufrère A, Paisley S, Ba I, Laouirem S, Priori V, Cazier H, Favre L, Cauchy F, Lesurtel M, Calderaro J, Kannengiesser C, Paradis V. Differential diagnosis of small hepatocellular nodules in cirrhosis: surrogate histological criteria of TERT promoter mutations. Histopathology 2024; 84:473-481. [PMID: 37903649 DOI: 10.1111/his.15086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The differential diagnosis of small hepatocellular nodules in cirrhosis between dysplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains challenging on biopsy. As TERT promoter (pTERT) mutations may indicate the nodules already engaged in the malignant process, the aim of this study was to identify histological criteria associated with pTERT mutations by detecting these mutations by ddPCR in small formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) hepatocellular nodules arising in cirrhosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We built a bicentric cohort data set of 339 hepatocellular nodules < 2 cm from cirrhotic samples, divided into a test cohort of 299 resected samples and a validation cohort of 40 biopsies. Pathological review, based on the evaluation of 14 histological criteria, classified all nodules. pTERT mutations were identified by ddPCR in FFPE samples. Among the 339 nodules, ddPCR revealed pTERT mutations in 105 cases (31%), including 90 and 15 cases in the test and validation cohorts, respectively. On multivariate analysis, three histological criteria were associated with pTERT mutations in the test cohort: increased cell density (P = 0.003), stromal invasion (P = 0.036) and plate-thickening anomalies (P < 0.001). With the combination of at least two of these major criteria, the AUC for predicting pTERT mutations was 0.84 in the test cohort (sensitivity: 86%, specificity: 83%) and 0.81 in the validation cohort (sensitivity: 87%, specificity: 76%). CONCLUSIONS We identified three histological criteria as surrogate markers of pTERT mutations that may be used in routine biopsy to more clearly classify small hepatocellular nodules arising in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Beaufrère
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- AP-HP.Nord, Department of Pathology, FHU MOSAIC, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR 1149, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Paisley
- AP-HP.Nord, Department of Pathology, FHU MOSAIC, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR 1149, Paris, France
| | - Ibrahima Ba
- AP-HP.Nord, Department of Molecular Genetics, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Samira Laouirem
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR 1149, Paris, France
| | - Victoria Priori
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR 1149, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Cazier
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR 1149, Paris, France
| | - Loëtitia Favre
- AP-HP, Department of Pathology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - François Cauchy
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR 1149, Paris, France
| | - Mickael Lesurtel
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- AP-HP.Nord, Department of HPB Surgery an d Liver Transplantation, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- AP-HP, Department of Pathology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | | | - Valérie Paradis
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- AP-HP.Nord, Department of Pathology, FHU MOSAIC, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR 1149, Paris, France
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Liu M, Zhang Y, Jian Y, Gu L, Zhang D, Zhou H, Wang Y, Xu ZX. The regulations of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:90. [PMID: 38278800 PMCID: PMC10817947 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal activation of telomerase occurs in most cancer types, which facilitates escaping from cell senescence. As the key component of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is regulated by various regulation pathways. TERT gene changing in its promoter and phosphorylation respectively leads to TERT ectopic expression at the transcription and protein levels. The co-interacting factors play an important role in the regulation of TERT in different cancer types. In this review, we focus on the regulators of TERT and these downstream functions in cancer regulation. Determining the specific regulatory mechanism will help to facilitate the development of a cancer treatment strategy that targets telomerase and cancer cell senescence. As the most important catalytic subunit component of telomerase, TERT is rapidly regulated by transcriptional factors and PTM-related activation. These changes directly influence TERT-related telomere maintenance by regulating telomerase activity in telomerase-positive cancer cells, telomerase assembly with telomere-binding proteins, and recruiting telomerase to the telomere. Besides, there are also non-canonical functions that are influenced by TERT, including the basic biological functions of cancer cells, such as proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, initiating cell formation, EMT, and cell invasion. Other downstream effects are the results of the influence of transcriptional factors by TERT. Currently, some small molecular inhibitors of TERT and TERT vaccine are under research as a clinical therapeutic target. Purposeful work is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yongping Jian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Liting Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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5
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Zappe K, Pühringer K, Pflug S, Berger D, Weis S, Spiegl-Kreinecker S, Cichna-Markl M. Association of MGMT Promoter and Enhancer Methylation with Genetic Variants, Clinical Parameters, and Demographic Characteristics in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5777. [PMID: 38136323 PMCID: PMC10742072 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of glioblastoma (GBM) patients to the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) vitally depends on the expression level of the repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Since MGMT is strongly regulated by promoter methylation, the methylation status of the MGMT promoter has emerged as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for GBM patients. By determining the methylation levels of the four enhancers located within or close to the MGMT gene, we recently found that enhancer methylation contributes to MGMT regulation. In this study, we investigated if methylation of the four enhancers is associated with SNP rs16906252, TERT promoter mutations C228T and C250T, TERT SNP rs2853669, proliferation index Ki-67, overall survival (OS), age, and sex of the patients. In general, associations with genetic variants, clinical parameters, and demographic characteristics were caused by a complex interplay of multiple CpGs in the MGMT promoter and of multiple CpGs in enhancer regions. The observed associations for intragenic enhancer 4, located in intron 2 of MGMT, differed from associations observed for the three intergenic enhancers. Some findings were restricted to subgroups of samples with either methylated or unmethylated MGMT promoters, underpinning the relevance of the MGMT promoter status in GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Zappe
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.Z.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Katharina Pühringer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.Z.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Simon Pflug
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.Z.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Berger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.Z.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Serge Weis
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria;
| | - Sabine Spiegl-Kreinecker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria;
| | - Margit Cichna-Markl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.Z.); (K.P.); (S.P.); (D.B.)
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Praiss AM, Marra A, Zhou Q, Rios-Doria E, Momeni-Boroujeni A, Iasonos A, Selenica P, Brown DN, Aghajanian C, Abu-Rustum NR, Ellenson LH, Weigelt B. TERT promoter mutations and gene amplification in endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 179:16-23. [PMID: 37890416 PMCID: PMC10841990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinicopathologic, molecular profiles, and survival outcomes of patients with endometrial carcinomas (ECs) harboring telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) hotspot mutations or gene amplification. METHODS ECs harboring somatic TERT promoter hotspot mutations or gene amplification (TERT-altered) were identified from 1944 ECs that underwent clinical tumor-normal sequencing from 08/2016-12/2021. Clinicopathologic variables, somatic mutation profiles, and survival outcomes of TERT-alt and TERT-wild-type EC were assessed. RESULTS We identified 66 TERT-altered ECs (43 TERT-mutated and 23 TERT-amplified), representing 3% of the unselected ECs across histologic subtypes. Most TERT-altered ECs were of copy number (CN)-high/TP53abn molecular subtype (n = 40, 60%), followed by microsatellite-unstable (MSI-H) or CN-low/no specific molecular profile (NSMP)(n = 13, 20% each). TERT-amplified and TERT-mutated ECs were molecularly distinct, with TERT-amplified ECs being more genomically instable and more frequently harboring TP53 and PPP2R1A alterations (q < 0.1). Compared to TERT-wild-type ECs, TERT-altered ECs were more commonly of CN-H/TP53abn molecular subtype (31% vs 57%, p = 0.001), serous histology (10% vs 26%, p = 0.004), and were significantly enriched for TP53, CDKN2A/B, and DROSHA somatic genetic alterations (q < 0.1). Median progression-free survival was 18.7 months (95% CI 11.8-not estimable [NE]) for patients with TERT-altered EC and 80.9 months (65.8-NE) for patients with TERT-wild-type EC (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.21-0.51, p < 0.001). Similarly, median overall survival was 46.7 months (95% CI 30-NE) for TERT-altered EC patients and not reached for TERT-wild-type EC patients (HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.13-0.44, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION TERT-altered ECs, although rare, are enriched for CN-high/TP53abn tumors, TP53, CDKN2A/B and DROSHA somatic mutations, and independently predict worse survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Praiss
- Gynecology Service, Departments of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Marra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Rios-Doria
- Gynecology Service, Departments of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amir Momeni-Boroujeni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pier Selenica
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David N Brown
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carol Aghajanian
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadeem R Abu-Rustum
- Gynecology Service, Departments of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lora H Ellenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Delyon J, Vallet A, Bernard-Cacciarella M, Kuzniak I, Reger de Moura C, Louveau B, Jouenne F, Mourah S, Lebbé C, Dumaz N. TERT Expression Induces Resistance to BRAF and MEK Inhibitors in BRAF-Mutated Melanoma In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112888. [PMID: 37296851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Because BRAF-mutated melanomas are addicted to the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway they show a high response rate to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. However, the clinical responses to these inhibitors are often short-lived with the rapid onset of resistance to treatment. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms driving resistance has been the subject of intense research. Recent in vitro and clinical data have suggested a link between expression of telomerase and resistance to targeted therapy in melanoma. TERT promoter mutations are the main mechanism for the continuous upregulation of telomerase in melanoma and co-occur frequently with BRAF alterations. To understand how TERT promoter mutations could be associated with resistance to targeted therapy in melanoma, we conducted translational and in vitro studies. In a cohort of V600E-BRAF-mutated melanoma patients, we showed that the TERT promoter mutation status and TERT expression tended to be associated with response to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. We demonstrated that TERT overexpression in BRAF-mutated melanoma cells reduced sensitivity to BRAF and MEK independently of TERT's telomer maintenance activity. Interestingly, inhibition of TERT reduced growth of BRAF-mutated melanoma including resistant cells. TERT expression in melanoma can therefore be a new biomarker for resistance to MAPK inhibitors as well as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Delyon
- INSERM, U976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), F-75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), F-75010 Paris, France
- Département de Dermatologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, AP-HP, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Vallet
- INSERM, U976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), F-75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Bernard-Cacciarella
- INSERM, U976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), F-75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), F-75010 Paris, France
- Département de Dermatologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, AP-HP, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Kuzniak
- INSERM, U976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), F-75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Coralie Reger de Moura
- INSERM, U976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), F-75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), F-75010 Paris, France
- Département de Pharmacogénomique, Hôpital Saint Louis, AP-HP, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Louveau
- INSERM, U976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), F-75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), F-75010 Paris, France
- Département de Pharmacogénomique, Hôpital Saint Louis, AP-HP, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Fanélie Jouenne
- INSERM, U976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), F-75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), F-75010 Paris, France
- Département de Pharmacogénomique, Hôpital Saint Louis, AP-HP, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Samia Mourah
- INSERM, U976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), F-75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), F-75010 Paris, France
- Département de Pharmacogénomique, Hôpital Saint Louis, AP-HP, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Céleste Lebbé
- INSERM, U976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), F-75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), F-75010 Paris, France
- Département de Dermatologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, AP-HP, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dumaz
- INSERM, U976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), F-75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), F-75010 Paris, France
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Boutko A, Asadbeigi S, Roth A, Lampley N, Olivares S, Dittmann D, Dittmann D, Jennings L, Gerami P. TERT Promoter Mutational Analysis as an Ancillary Diagnostic Tool for Diagnostically Challenging Melanocytic Neoplasms. Am J Dermatopathol 2023; 45:289-299. [PMID: 36898007 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations (TPMs) have been shown to be common in melanoma and uncommon in benign nevi. To assess the use of TPMs as an ancillary diagnostic tool, we report the concordance of the TPM status with the final diagnosis in clinical cases with distinct differential diagnostic scenarios: dysplastic nevus versus melanoma, atypical Spitz nevus versus melanoma, atypical deep penetrating nevus (DPN) versus melanoma, and atypical blue nevus versus malignant blue nevus. In a control cohort, we found a positive TPM in 51/70 (73%) of the total melanomas with the highest frequency in vertical growth phase melanoma cases. Conversely, only 2/35 (6%) dysplastic nevi in our control cases were TPM-positive and b were severely atypical dysplastic nevi. Our clinical cohort of 257 cases had a positive TPM in 24% of cases diagnosed as melanoma and in 1% of cases with a benign diagnosis. The overall concordance of the TPM status with the final diagnosis was 86%. The TPM status had the greatest concordance (95%) with the final diagnosis in the atypical DPN versus melanoma group, with the rest of the groups ranging between 50% and 88%. Overall, our results suggest that TPMs are most useful in the differential diagnosis of atypical DPN versus melanoma. It also has some value in the differential diagnosis of atypical Spitz tumor versus melanoma and dysplastic nevus versus melanoma, whereas in our cohort, it did not contribute meaningfully to differentiating malignant blue nevus and atypical blue nevus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Boutko
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; and
| | - Sepideh Asadbeigi
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; and
| | - Andrew Roth
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; and
| | - Nathaniel Lampley
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; and
| | - Shantel Olivares
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; and
| | - David Dittmann
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; and
| | - David Dittmann
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Lawrence Jennings
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Pedram Gerami
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; and
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9
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Chiu FY, Yen Y. Imaging biomarkers for clinical applications in neuro-oncology: current status and future perspectives. Biomark Res 2023; 11:35. [PMID: 36991494 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarker discovery and development are popular for detecting the subtle diseases. However, biomarkers are needed to be validated and approved, and even fewer are ever used clinically. Imaging biomarkers have a crucial role in the treatment of cancer patients because they provide objective information on tumor biology, the tumor's habitat, and the tumor's signature in the environment. Tumor changes in response to an intervention complement molecular and genomic translational diagnosis as well as quantitative information. Neuro-oncology has become more prominent in diagnostics and targeted therapies. The classification of tumors has been actively updated, and drug discovery, and delivery in nanoimmunotherapies are advancing in the field of target therapy research. It is important that biomarkers and diagnostic implements be developed and used to assess the prognosis or late effects of long-term survivors. An improved realization of cancer biology has transformed its management with an increasing emphasis on a personalized approach in precision medicine. In the first part, we discuss the biomarker categories in relation to the courses of a disease and specific clinical contexts, including that patients and specimens should both directly reflect the target population and intended use. In the second part, we present the CT perfusion approach that provides quantitative and qualitative data that has been successfully applied to the clinical diagnosis, treatment and application. Furthermore, the novel and promising multiparametric MR imageing approach will provide deeper insights regarding the tumor microenvironment in the immune response. Additionally, we briefly remark new tactics based on MRI and PET for converging on imaging biomarkers combined with applications of bioinformatics in artificial intelligence. In the third part, we briefly address new approaches based on theranostics in precision medicine. These sophisticated techniques merge achievable standardizations into an applicatory apparatus for primarily a diagnostic implementation and tracking radioactive drugs to identify and to deliver therapies in an individualized medicine paradigm. In this article, we describe the critical principles for imaging biomarker characterization and discuss the current status of CT, MRI and PET in finiding imaging biomarkers of early disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ying Chiu
- Center for Cancer Translational Research, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan.
- Center for Brain and Neurobiology Research, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan.
- Teaching and Research Headquarters for Sustainable Development Goals, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan.
| | - Yun Yen
- Center for Cancer Translational Research, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110301, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110301, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110301, Taiwan.
- Cancer Center, Taipei Municipal WanFang Hospital, Taipei City, 116081, Taiwan.
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10
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Li S, Liu Z, Zhang J, Li L. Links between telomere dysfunction and hallmarks of aging. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 888:503617. [PMID: 37188431 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the gradual loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired function and increased risk of death. This deterioration is the main risk factor for the great majority of chronic diseases, which account for most of the morbidity, death and medical expenses. The hallmarks of aging comprise diverse molecular mechanisms and cell systems, which are interrelated and coordinated to drive the aging process. This review focuses on telomere to analyze the interrelationships between telomere dysfunction and other aging hallmarks and their relative contributions to the initiation and progression of age-related diseases (such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and cancer), which will contribute to determine drug targets, improve human health in the aging process with minimal side effects and provide information for the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases.
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11
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Yeh TJ, Luo CW, Du JS, Huang CT, Wang MH, Chuang TM, Gau YC, Cho SF, Liu YC, Hsiao HH, Chen LT, Pan MR, Wang HC, Moi SH. Deciphering the Functions of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase in Head and Neck Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:691. [PMID: 36979671 PMCID: PMC10044978 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are among the ten leading malignancies worldwide. Despite significant progress in all therapeutic modalities, predictive biomarkers, and targeted therapies for HNCs are limited and the survival rate is unsatisfactory. The importance of telomere maintenance via telomerase reactivation in carcinogenesis has been demonstrated in recent decades. Several mechanisms could activate telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), the most common of which is promoter alternation. Two major hotspot TERT promoter mutations (C228T and C250T) have been reported in different malignancies such as melanoma, genitourinary cancers, CNS tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma, thyroid cancers, sarcomas, and HNCs. The frequencies of TERT promoter mutations vary widely across tumors and is quite high in HNCs (11.9-64.7%). These mutations have been reported to be more enriched in oral cavity SCCs and HPV-negative tumors. The association between TERT promoter mutations and poor survival has also been demonstrated. Till now, several therapeutic strategies targeting telomerase have been developed although only a few drugs have been used in clinical trials. Here, we briefly review and summarize our current understanding and evidence of TERT promoter mutations in HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jang Yeh
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Luo
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shiun Du
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tzu Huang
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hung Wang
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tzer-Ming Chuang
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ching Gau
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Cho
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ren Pan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Wang
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Hua Moi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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12
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Ropio J, Prochazkova-Carlotti M, Batista R, Pestana A, Chebly A, Ferrer J, Idrissi Y, Cappellen D, Durães C, Boaventura P, Vinagre J, Azzi-Martin L, Poglio S, Cabeçadas J, Campos MA, Beylot-Barry M, Sobrinho-Simões M, Merlio JP, Soares P, Chevret E. Spotlight on hTERT Complex Regulation in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:439. [PMID: 36833366 PMCID: PMC9956048 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major cancer hallmark, there is a sustained interest in understanding the telomerase contribution to carcinogenesis in order to therapeutically target this enzyme. This is particularly relevant in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL), a malignancy showing telomerase dysregulation with few investigative data available. In CTCL, we examined the mechanisms involved in telomerase transcriptional activation and activity regulation. We analyzed 94 CTCL patients from a Franco-Portuguese cohort, as well as 8 cell lines, in comparison to 101 healthy controls. Our results showed that not only polymorphisms (SNPs) located at the promoter of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene (rs2735940 and rs2853672) but also an SNP located within the coding region (rs2853676) could influence CTCL occurrence. Furthermore, our results sustained that the post-transcriptional regulation of hTERT contributes to CTCL lymphomagenesis. Indeed, CTCL cells present a different pattern of hTERT spliced transcripts distribution from the controls, mostly marked by an increase in the hTERT β+ variants proportion. This increase seems to be associated with CTCL development and progression. Through hTERT splicing transcriptome modulation with shRNAs, we observed that the decrease in the α-β+ transcript induced a decrease in the cell proliferation and tumorigenic capacities of T-MF cells in vitro. Taken together, our data highlight the major role of post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating telomerase non canonical functions in CTCL and suggest a new potential role for the α-β+ hTERT transcript variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ropio
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Rui Batista
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Porto University, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology Group, Porto University, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Pestana
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Porto University, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology Group, Porto University, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alain Chebly
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
- Higher Institute of Public Health, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Jacky Ferrer
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Yamina Idrissi
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - David Cappellen
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Tumor Bank and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cecília Durães
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Porto University, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology Group, Porto University, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Boaventura
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology Group, Porto University, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Vinagre
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Porto University, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology Group, Porto University, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lamia Azzi-Martin
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- UFR des Sciences Médicales, Bordeaux University, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Poglio
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - José Cabeçadas
- Dermatology Departement, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa (IPO-L), 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel António Campos
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Porto University, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology Group, Porto University, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, E.P.E., Dermatology Departement, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Marie Beylot-Barry
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Dermatology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Porto University, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology Group, Porto University, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jean-Philippe Merlio
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Tumor Bank and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - Paula Soares
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Porto University, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Cancer Biology Group, Porto University, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Edith Chevret
- BRIC (BoRdeaux Institute of onCology), UMR1312, INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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13
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Ahn SH, Ahn SS, Park YW, Park CJ, Lee SK. Association of dynamic susceptibility contrast- and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging parameters with molecular marker status in lower-grade gliomas: A retrospective study. Neuroradiol J 2023; 36:49-58. [PMID: 35532193 PMCID: PMC9893160 DOI: 10.1177/19714009221098369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular marker status is clinically relevant for treatment planning and predicting the prognosis of gliomas. This study aimed to assess whether quantitative imaging parameters from dynamic susceptibility contrast- (DSC-) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can predict the molecular marker status of lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall, 132 patients with LGGs who underwent DSC- and DCE-MRI were retrospectively enrolled. Statuses of relevant molecular markers including isocitrate dehydrogenase isoenzyme (IDH), 1p19q codeletion, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) were collected. For each molecular marker, age, tumor diameter and location, and DSC- and DCE-MRI parameters, including the normalized cerebral blood volume (nCBV), volume transfer constant (Ktrans), rate transfer coefficient (Kep), extravascular extracellular volume fraction (Ve), and plasma volume fraction (Vp), were compared. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The nCBV was significantly lower in LGGs with IDH mutation (p = .001) and TERT mutation (p = .027) than those without these mutations. Ktrans (p = .034), Ve (p = .023), and Vp (p = .044) values were significantly lower in MGMT methylated LGGs than in MGMT unmethylated LGGs. Perfusion parameters were not significantly associated with EGFR amplification and 1p19q codeletion. Young age (p < .001) and small diameter (p = .001) were significantly associated with IDH mutation. The nCBV was independently associated with IDH status (AUC, 0.817; 95% CI: 0.739-0.894). CONCLUSIONS DSC- and DCE-MRI parameters demonstrated correlations with molecular markers of LGGs. Especially, the nCBV can be helpful in predicting the IDH mutation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yae Won Park
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Jung Park
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Koo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Nie X, Shang J, Wang W. TERT genetic polymorphism rs2736100 is associated with an aggressive manifestation of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Front Surg 2023; 9:1019180. [PMID: 36704521 PMCID: PMC9871626 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1019180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives TERT rs2736100 genetic polymorphism is commonly found in human malignancies, indicating its key role in cancer cell transformation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the functional TERT rs2736100 genetic polymorphism on the outcomes of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. Materials and methods We performed a retrospective study on the relationship between rs2736100 and clinicopathological outcomes of PTC in 500 patients (378 females and 122 males) aged 43.8 ± 11.4 years (range 15-74 years) with a median follow-up of 60 months (range, 1-455 months). Results TERT rs2736100 genetic polymorphism (TG/GG vs. TT) was significantly associated with several high-risk clinicopathological features such as tumor spread, extrathyroidal extension, central/lateral lymph node metastases, and Stage T III or IV disease. However, in Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, the rs2736100 mutation was unrelated to overall disease-free survival with a log-rank value of p > 0.05. In Cox-regression analyses, the overall survival rate of recurrence/neo-metastasis was related to a larger tumor size, younger age, and tumor spread but unrelated to the rs2736100 mutation. Conclusions and significance TERT rs2736100 genetic polymorphism mutation is more likely to manifest with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics but cannot worsen prognosis in PTC.
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15
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Effect of Having Concurrent Mutations on the Degree of Aggressiveness in Patients with Thyroid Cancer Positive for TERT Promoter Mutations. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020413. [PMID: 36672362 PMCID: PMC9856260 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether concurrent mutations with a TERT promoter mutation are associated with a greater likelihood of more aggressive disease than a TERT promoter mutation alone. The medical records of 1477 patients who underwent thyroid surgery at two tertiary hospitals between 2017 and 2022 were reviewed. Twenty-four patients had TERT promoter mutations based on molecular profile testing. Clinicodemographic data, mutational profiles, and histopathological features were assessed. Descriptive analysis, Fisher's exact test, and binary logistic regression were performed. Seven patients had single-gene TERT promoter mutations, and 17 had concurrent mutations, including BRAF V600E, HRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, and EIF1AX. The overall prevalence of malignancy was 95.8%, of which 78.3% were aggressive thyroid cancers. There was a statistically significant association between concurrent mutations and disease aggressiveness. The odds of having aggressive disease were 10 times higher in patients with a TERT promoter mutation and a concurrent molecular alteration than in those with a TERT promoter mutation alone. This is an important finding for thyroid specialists to consider when counseling patients concerning risk stratification and management options.
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16
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In APL, noncoding mutations and SNP converge on WT1. Blood 2022; 140:1060-1061. [PMID: 36074531 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Schipper M, Posthuma D. "Demystifying non-coding GWAS variants: an overview of computational tools and methods.". Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:R73-R83. [PMID: 35972862 PMCID: PMC9585674 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have found the majority of disease-associated variants to be non-coding. Major efforts into the charting of the non-coding regulatory landscapes have allowed for the development of tools and methods which aim to aid in the identification of causal variants and their mechanism of action. In this review, we give an overview of current tools and methods for the analysis of non-coding GWAS variants in disease. We provide a workflow that allows for the accumulation of in silico evidence to generate novel hypotheses on mechanisms underlying disease and prioritize targets for follow-up study using non-coding GWAS variants. Lastly, we discuss the need for comprehensive benchmarks and novel tools for the analysis of non-coding variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Schipper
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Tang L, Shu X, Hu D, Deng C, Ren H, Su X. Clinical significance of multi-genic assay in identifying aggressive papillary thyroid carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol 2022; 43:103563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Zaremba A, Meier F, Schlein C, Jansen P, Lodde G, Song M, Kretz J, Möller I, Stadtler N, Livingstone E, Zimmer L, Hadaschik E, Sucker A, Schadendorf D, Griewank K. Clinical and pathological characteristics of familial melanoma with germline TERT promoter variants. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:573-586. [PMID: 35912549 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Around 10% of melanoma occur in patients with a suspected familial predisposition. TERT promoter mutations are the most common somatic hotspot mutations in human cancers. However, only two families with germline mutations have been identified to date. We present detailed histological, clinical and molecular pathologic analyses of affected patients and details of newly identified individuals in one of these previously reported families. TERT (NM_198253.3) Chr.5:1,295,161T>C (c.-57 T>C) promoter variants were detected in all melanoma-affected (n=18) and one non-diseased family member. Median age at diagnosis was 30 years (n=18, range 16-46 years, 2 unknown). While most primary melanoma arose on the upper extremities (n=7, 21%) and were superficial spreading melanoma (SSM, n=8, 24%), many primary melanoma also originated from non UV-exposed mucosal (n=2, 6%) and acral (n=4, 12%) locations. One SSM sample harboured a Chr.5:1,295,228C>T TERT promoter region in addition to the germline Chr.5:1,295,161T>C variant, arguing additional pathway activation can support tumor pathogenesis. Patients treated with BRAF inhibitor and/or immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) showed responses, although of limited duration. One mucosal melanoma harboured both a KIT copy number gain and an activating c.1727 p.Leu576Pro mutation. Following modest response to ICI, subsequent KIT inhibitor (imatinib) therapy demonstrated an ongoing complete pathological response (currently 7 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Zaremba
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Skin Cancer Center at the University Cancer Centre and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Schlein
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Jansen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Lodde
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mingxia Song
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Kretz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inga Möller
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Stadtler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Livingstone
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Hadaschik
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Sucker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Griewank
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Marchese PV, Mollica V, De Biase D, Giunchi F, Tassinari E, Marchetti A, Rosellini M, Nuvola G, Maloberti T, Fiorentino M, Massari F. A hypothesis-generating analysis on the role of TERT promoter mutation in advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with immunotherapy. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 236:153983. [PMID: 35751929 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic scenario of urothelial carcinoma is constantly expanding with the widening of the knowledge on molecular characteristics, thus claiming for the need of prognostic and predictive factors to guide treatment strategy. TERT promoter mutation is one of the most frequent genomic alterations in urothelial carcinoma and could present several implications, from diagnostic to prognostic or potentially even predictive. METHODS We performed a single-center retrospective analysis on patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with an immune checkpoint inhibitor as second line of therapy to assess the status of the TERT promoter and the potential implication of its mutation on survival outcomes. RESULTS We analyzed tissue samples from 11 patients with a next-generation sequencing multi-gene panel. The most frequently altered genes were TP53 (54.5%, n = 6) and TERT promoter (36.3%, n = 4). Other mutations found were BRAF, SMAD4, PIK3CA / PDGRFA. The only type of detected TERT promoter mutation was the c 0.124 C>T (n = 4/4, 100%). Of the 4 TERT mutated patients, 2 presented a co-mutation of TP53. Patients with TERT promoter mutation treated with immunotherapy presented a low median overall survival (16.5 months) and progression-free survival (3.8 months). CONCLUSIONS Our hypothesis-generating analysis suggests that the presence of TERT promoter mutation could have a negative prognostic value and should be further evaluated in wider cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Valeria Marchese
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna 40138, Italy; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Giunchi
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Tassinari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Matteo Rosellini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Giacomo Nuvola
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Thais Maloberti
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna 40138, Italy; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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21
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Role of Artificial Intelligence in Radiogenomics for Cancers in the Era of Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122860. [PMID: 35740526 PMCID: PMC9220825 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, radiogenomics has played a significant role and offered a new understanding of cancer’s biology and behavior in response to standard therapy. It also provides a more precise prognosis, investigation, and analysis of the patient’s cancer. Over the years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has provided a significant strength in radiogenomics. In this paper, we offer computational and oncological prospects of the role of AI in radiogenomics, as well as its offers, achievements, opportunities, and limitations in the current clinical practices. Abstract Radiogenomics, a combination of “Radiomics” and “Genomics,” using Artificial Intelligence (AI) has recently emerged as the state-of-the-art science in precision medicine, especially in oncology care. Radiogenomics syndicates large-scale quantifiable data extracted from radiological medical images enveloped with personalized genomic phenotypes. It fabricates a prediction model through various AI methods to stratify the risk of patients, monitor therapeutic approaches, and assess clinical outcomes. It has recently shown tremendous achievements in prognosis, treatment planning, survival prediction, heterogeneity analysis, reoccurrence, and progression-free survival for human cancer study. Although AI has shown immense performance in oncology care in various clinical aspects, it has several challenges and limitations. The proposed review provides an overview of radiogenomics with the viewpoints on the role of AI in terms of its promises for computational as well as oncological aspects and offers achievements and opportunities in the era of precision medicine. The review also presents various recommendations to diminish these obstacles.
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22
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Ba I, Kannengiesser C, Mal H, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Cottin V, Hirschi S, Picard C, Borie R. Clinical impact of TERT somatic mutation in telomerase-related gene mutation carriers after lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022; 41:1207-1209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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23
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Momeni-Boroujeni A, Yousefi E, Gupta S, Benayed R, Berger MF, Ladanyi M, Monroe R, Kim J, Jungbluth A, Weigelt B, Park KJ. Evaluation of TERT mRNA expression using RNAscope®: A potential histopathologic diagnostic and prognostic tool. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Telomerase gene therapy: a remission toward cancer. Med Oncol 2022; 39:105. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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The Bright and the Dark Side of TGF-β Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanisms, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040940. [PMID: 35205692 PMCID: PMC8870127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling is a preeminent regulator of diverse cellular and physiological processes. Frequent dysregulation of TGF-β signaling has been implicated in cancer. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, the autocrine and paracrine effects of TGF-β have paradoxical implications. While acting as a potent tumor suppressor pathway in the early stages of malignancy, TGF-β diverts to a promoter of tumor progression in the late stages, reflecting its bright and dark natures, respectively. Within this context, targeting TGF-β represents a promising therapeutic option for HCC treatment. We discuss here the molecular properties of TGF-β signaling in HCC, attempting to provide an overview of its effects on tumor cells and the stroma. We also seek to evaluate the dysregulation mechanisms that mediate the functional switch of TGF-β from a tumor suppressor to a pro-tumorigenic signal. Finally, we reconcile its biphasic nature with the therapeutic implications. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with genetic and nongenetic aberrations that impact multiple genes and pathways, including the frequently dysregulated transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. The regulatory cytokine TGF-β and its signaling effectors govern a broad spectrum of spatiotemporally regulated molecular and cellular responses, yet paradoxically have dual and opposing roles in HCC progression. In the early stages of tumorigenesis, TGF-β signaling enforces profound tumor-suppressive effects, primarily by inducing cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence, autophagy, and apoptosis. However, as the tumor advances in malignant progression, TGF-β functionally switches to a pro-tumorigenic signal, eliciting aggressive tumor traits, such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and immune evasion of cancer cells. On this account, the inhibition of TGF-β signaling is recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy for advanced HCC. In this review, we evaluate the functions and mechanisms of TGF-β signaling and relate its complex and pleiotropic biology to HCC pathophysiology, attempting to provide a detailed perspective on the molecular determinants underlying its functional diversion. We also address the therapeutic implications of the dichotomous nature of TGF-β signaling and highlight the rationale for targeting this pathway for HCC treatment, alone or in combination with other agents.
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26
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Hirata M, Fujita K, Fujihara S, Mizuo T, Nakabayashi R, Kono T, Namima D, Fujita N, Yamana H, Kamada H, Tani J, Kobara H, Tsutsui K, Matsuda Y, Ono M, Masaki T. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Promoter Mutations in Human Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Cancer Cell Lines. In Vivo 2022; 36:94-102. [PMID: 34972704 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The promoter region of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene is a regulatory element capable of affecting TERT expression, telomerase activity, and telomerase length. Mutations within the TERT promoter region are the most common mutations in many cancers. In this study, we characterized the TERT promoter mutation status in hepatobiliary, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS TERT promoter mutation status was assessed by digital PCR in 12 liver cancer, 5 cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), 12 pancreatic cancer, 17 gastrointestinal cancer, and 3 healthy control cell lines. RESULTS The C228T promoter mutation was detected in 9 liver cancer lines, and the C250T TERT mutation was detected in 1 oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma line. CONCLUSION The C228T promoter mutation is specific to liver cancer cell lines among various gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. These data will contribute to future research on the tumorigenic mechanisms and clinical use of digital PCR to detect mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mizuo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakabayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Namima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamana
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Joji Tani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Tsutsui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan;
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Zhang Y, Chen F, Pleasance E, Williamson L, Grisdale CJ, Titmuss E, Laskin J, Jones SJM, Cortes-Ciriano I, Marra MA, Creighton CJ. Rearrangement-mediated cis-regulatory alterations in advanced patient tumors reveal interactions with therapy. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110023. [PMID: 34788622 PMCID: PMC8630779 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The global impact of somatic structural variants (SVs) on gene regulation in advanced tumors with complex treatment histories has been mostly uncharacterized. Here, using whole-genome and RNA sequencing from 570 recurrent or metastatic tumors, we report the altered expression of hundreds of genes in association with nearby SV breakpoints, including oncogenes and G-protein-coupled receptor-related genes such as PLEKHG2. A significant fraction of genes with SV-expression associations correlate with worse patient survival in primary and advanced cancers, including SRD5A1. In many instances, SV-expression associations involve retrotransposons being translocated near genes. High overall SV burden is associated with treatment with DNA alkylating agents or taxanes and altered expression of metabolism-associated genes. SV-expression associations within tumors from topoisomerase I inhibitor-treated patients include chromatin-related genes. Within anthracycline-treated tumors, SV breakpoints near chromosome 1p genes include PDE4B. Patient treatment and history can help understand the widespread SV-mediated cis-regulatory alterations found in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erin Pleasance
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura Williamson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cameron J Grisdale
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emma Titmuss
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janessa Laskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Isidro Cortes-Ciriano
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Papillary Thyroid Cancer Prognosis: An Evolving Field. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215567. [PMID: 34771729 PMCID: PMC8582937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the last couple of decades, the prognostic stratification systems of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients have been revised several times in an attempt to achieve a tailored clinical management reflecting the single patients’ needs. Such revisions are likely to continue in the near future, since the prognostic value of a number of promising clinicopathological features and new molecular biomarkers are being evaluated. Here, we will review the current staging systems of thyroid cancer patients and discuss the most relevant clinicopathological parameters and new molecular markers that are potentially capable of refining the prognosis. Abstract Over the last few years, a great advance has been made in the comprehension of the molecular pathogenesis underlying thyroid cancer progression, particularly for the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), which represents the most common thyroid malignancy. Putative cancer driver mutations have been identified in more than 98% of PTC, and a new PTC classification into molecular subtypes has been proposed in order to resolve clinical uncertainties still present in the clinical management of patients. Additionally, the prognostic stratification systems have been profoundly modified over the last decade, with a view to refine patients’ staging and being able to choose a clinical approach tailored on single patient’s needs. Here, we will briefly discuss the recent changes in the clinical management of thyroid nodules, and review the current staging systems of thyroid cancer patients by analyzing promising clinicopathological features (i.e., gender, thyroid auto-immunity, multifocality, PTC histological variants, and vascular invasion) as well as new molecular markers (i.e., BRAF/TERT promoter mutations, miRNAs, and components of the plasminogen activating system) potentially capable of ameliorating the prognosis of PTC patients.
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29
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Jackson C, Linos K, Liu X. Malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumor in pleural effusion: Deceitful cytology with significant repercussions. Diagn Cytopathol 2021; 50:E76-E80. [PMID: 34698454 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumor (MMNST) is an exceedingly rare and aggressive neoplasm of Schwann cell origin that has seldom been described in the cytopathology literature. Herein we present a case of a 60-year-old female with a 3.8 cm presacral mass that was diagnosed as a MMNST. A molecular workup demonstrated TERT promoter -124C > T and TET2 Q891* gene mutations. Within 2 years of her initial diagnosis, she had developed widespread metastasis and pleural effusions. A cytologic workup of the pleural fluid revealed clusters of vacuolated epithelioid cells with enlarged nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and occasional multinucleation. The lesional cells were positive for SOX10, S100-protein, Melan-A, and HMB45, while negative for Calretinin, MOC31, and monoclonal CEA. In this clinicopathologic context, a diagnosis of metastatic MMNST was rendered. Awareness of this entity and its clinical presentation, along with a critical understanding of its molecular findings and that of imitators, is crucial in achieving an accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Jackson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Konstantinos Linos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Bąk A, Skonieczka K, Jaśkowiec A, Junkiert-Czarnecka A, Heise M, Pilarska-Deltow M, Potoczek S, Czyżewska M, Haus O. Germline mutations among Polish patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2021; 19:42. [PMID: 34641967 PMCID: PMC8507332 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-021-00200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A small but important proportion of patients (4-10 %) with AML have germline mutations. They can cause the development of AML at an earlier age, confer a higher risk of relapse or predispose to secondary leukemias, including therapy-related leukemias. The analysis of germline mutations in a patient and his/her family is also critical for the selection of suitable family donors if the patient is a candidate for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS 103 unrelated consecutive patients with de novo AML were enrolled in the study. Control group consisted of 103 persons from the general population. We performed NGS sequencing of bone marrow cells and buccal swabs DNA of six genes: CEBPA, DDX41, ETV6, TERT, GATA2, and IDH2 to detect germline pathogenic mutations. RESULTS In the investigated group, 49 variants were detected in six genes. 26 of them were somatic and 23 germline. Germline variants were detected in all six tested genes. Eight pathogenic germline mutations were detected in 7 AML patients, in three genes: CEBPA, ETV6, and IDH2. One patient had two pathogenic germinal mutations, one in ETV6 and one in CEBPA gene. We identified one novel pathogenic germline mutation in CEBPA gene. The difference in frequency of all pathogenic germline mutations between the tested (7.77 %) and control groups (0.97 %) was statistically significant (p = 0.046). In the tested group, the median age at AML diagnosis was 11 years lower in patients with pathogenic germline mutations than in patients without them (p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS We showed higher frequency of CEBPA, ETV6, and IDH2 germline mutations in AML patients than in control group, which confirms the role of these mutations in the development of AML. We also showed that the median age at the onset of AML in patients with pathogenic germline mutations is significantly lower than in patients without them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Bąk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Skonieczka
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Jaśkowiec
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Junkiert-Czarnecka
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Heise
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Toruń, Poland
| | - Maria Pilarska-Deltow
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Toruń, Poland
| | - Stanisław Potoczek
- Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Olga Haus
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Toruń, Poland
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31
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Rachakonda S, Hoheisel JD, Kumar R. Occurrence, functionality and abundance of the TERT promoter mutations. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1852-1862. [PMID: 34313327 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Telomere shortening at chromosomal ends due to the constraints of the DNA replication process acts as a tumor suppressor by restricting the replicative potential in primary cells. Cancers evade that limitation primarily through the reactivation of telomerase via different mechanisms. Mutations within the promoter of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene represent a definite mechanism for the ribonucleic enzyme regeneration predominantly in cancers that arise from tissues with low rates of self-renewal. The promoter mutations cause a moderate increase in TERT transcription and consequent telomerase upregulation to the levels sufficient to delay replicative senescence but not prevent bulk telomere shortening and genomic instability. Since the discovery, a staggering number of studies have resolved the discrete aspects, effects and clinical relevance of the TERT promoter mutations. The promoter mutations link transcription of TERT with oncogenic pathways, associate with markers of poor outcome and define patients with reduced survivals in several cancers. In this review, we discuss the occurrence and impact of the promoter mutations and highlight the mechanism of TERT activation. We further deliberate on the foundational question of the abundance of the TERT promoter mutations and a general dearth of functional mutations within noncoding sequences, as evident from pan-cancer analysis of the whole-genomes. We posit that the favorable genomic constellation within the TERT promoter may be less than a common occurrence in other noncoding functional elements. Besides, the evolutionary constraints limit the functional fraction within the human genome, hence the lack of abundant mutations outside the coding sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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32
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Teng Y, Yu Y, Li S, Huang Y, Xu D, Tao X, Fan Y. Ultraviolet Radiation and Basal Cell Carcinoma: An Environmental Perspective. Front Public Health 2021; 9:666528. [PMID: 34368047 PMCID: PMC8339433 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.666528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a known carcinogen participated for the development of skin cancers. Solar UVR exposure, particularly ultraviolet B (UVB), is the mostly significant environmental risk factor for the occurrence and progress of basal cell carcinoma(BCC). Both cumulative and intermittent high-grade UVR exposure could promote the uncontrolled replication of skin cells. There are also exsiting other contributing environmental factors that combine with the UVR exposure to promote the development of BCC. DNA damage in formation of skin cancers is considered to be a result of UVR toxicity. It is UVR that could activate a series of oncogenes simultaneously inactivating tumor suppressor genes and aberrant proliferation and survival of keratinocytes that repair these damages. Furthermore, mounting evidence demonstrates that inflammatory responses of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment plays crucial role in the skin tumorigenesis as well. In this chapter, we will follow the function of UVR in the onset and development of BCC. We describe the factors that influence BCC induced by UVR, and also review the recent advances of pathogenesis of BCC induced by UVR from the genetic and inflammatory aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Teng
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sujing Li
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Youming Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Yang L, Li N, Wang M, Zhang YH, Yan LD, Zhou W, Yu ZQ, Peng XC, Cai J. Tumorigenic effect of TERT and its potential therapeutic target in NSCLC (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:182. [PMID: 34278503 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for ~85% of all lung cancer cases, is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a high patient mortality rate. Despite the increasing availability of treatment strategies, the prognosis of patients with NSCLC remains poor, with a low 5‑year survival rate. This poor prognosis may be associated with the tumor heterogeneity of NSCLC, as well as its acquisition and intrinsic resistance to therapeutic drugs. It has been suggested that combination therapy with telomerase inhibition may be an effective strategy for the treatment of drug‑sensitive and drug‑resistant types of cancer. Telomerase is the key enzyme for cell survival, and ~90% of human cancers maintain telomeres by activating telomerase, which is driven by the upregulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). Several mechanisms of telomerase reactivation have been described in a variety of cancer types, including TERT promoter mutation, epigenetic modifications via a TERT promoter, TERT amplification, and TERT rearrangement. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively review telomerase activity and its association with the clinical characteristics and prognosis of NSCLC, as well as analyze the potential mechanism via which TERT activates telomerase and determine its potential clinical application in NSCLC. More importantly, current treatment strategies targeting TERT in NSCLC have been summarized with the aim to promote discovery of novel strategies for the future treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Da Yan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiong Yu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
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Benyelles M, O'Donohue MF, Kermasson L, Lainey E, Borie R, Lagresle-Peyrou C, Nunes H, Cazelles C, Fourrage C, Ollivier E, Marcais A, Gamez AS, Morice-Picard F, Caillaud D, Pottier N, Ménard C, Ba I, Fernandes A, Crestani B, de Villartay JP, Gleizes PE, Callebaut I, Kannengiesser C, Revy P. NHP2 deficiency impairs rRNA biogenesis and causes pulmonary fibrosis and Høyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:907-922. [PMID: 31985013 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the end of chromosomes. The telomerase complex, constituted of the catalytic subunit TERT, the RNA matrix hTR and several cofactors, including the H/ACA box ribonucleoproteins Dyskerin, NOP10, GAR1, NAF1 and NHP2, regulates telomere length. In humans, inherited defects in telomere length maintenance are responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical premature aging manifestations including pulmonary fibrosis (PF), dyskeratosis congenita (DC), bone marrow failure and predisposition to cancer. NHP2 mutations have been so far reported only in two patients with DC. Here, we report the first case of Høyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome, the severe form of DC, caused by biallelic missense mutations in NHP2. Additionally, we identified three unrelated patients with PF carrying NHP2 heterozygous mutations. Strikingly, one of these patients acquired a somatic mutation in the promoter of TERT that likely conferred a selective advantage in a subset of blood cells. Finally, we demonstrate that a functional deficit of human NHP2 affects ribosomal RNA biogenesis. Together, our results broaden the functional consequences and clinical spectrum of NHP2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maname Benyelles
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée La Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Françoise O'Donohue
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laëtitia Kermasson
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée La Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Lainey
- Hematology Laboratory, Robert DEBRE Hospital-APHP and INSERM UMR 1131-Hematology University Institute-Denis Diderot School of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Borie
- APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, DHU FIRE, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité 1152, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hilario Nunes
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires rares, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, INSERM 1272, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Clarisse Cazelles
- Service d'hématologie adulte, Hôpital Necker- Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Fourrage
- INSERM UMR 1163, Genomics platform, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Genomic Core Facility, Imagine Institute-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Ollivier
- INSERM UMR 1163, Genomics platform, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Genomic Core Facility, Imagine Institute-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Ambroise Marcais
- Service d'hématologie Adultes, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance publique hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France, Laboratoire d'onco-hématologie, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Fanny Morice-Picard
- Service de Dermatologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Reference des Maladies Rares de la Peau, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Denis Caillaud
- Service de Pneumologie-Allergologie, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Pottier
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483-IMPECS, Lille, France
| | - Christelle Ménard
- APHP Service de Génétique, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ibrahima Ba
- APHP Service de Génétique, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alicia Fernandes
- Biological Resources Center, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24, CNRS UMS3633, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris and Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée La Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Gleizes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Kannengiesser
- APHP Service de Génétique, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Revy
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée La Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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Zhu X, Xu T, Zhu J. The regulatory function of tandem repeat VNTR2-1 in hTERT gene involves basic Helix-loop-helix family transcription factors. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:338-349. [PMID: 34115413 PMCID: PMC9648534 DOI: 10.1002/em.22447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that synthesizes telomere end sequence. The expression of hTERT gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of human telomerase, is restricted to highly proliferative tissues and is undetectable in most somatic cells. Abnormal activation of hTERT gene is found in 90% of human tumors. Previously, we identified tandem repeat of 42-bp/unit, VNTR2-1, in intron 2 of the hTERT gene, as a novel regulatory element important for hTERT transcription in cancer cells. In the current study, we found that multiple 42-bp repeats of VNTR2-1 activated luciferase gene in reporter plasmids. Mutation of the predicted cis-regulatory elements within the 42-bp repeats, including a E-box motif, resulted in a partial or complete loss of its enhancer activity. Moreover, MYC family proteins, c-MYC, MAX, and MNT, regulated hTERT gene transcription through both VNTR2-1 and E-boxes at the proximal hTERT promoter. Chromatin segmentation analysis of published ChIP-sequencing data from K562 cells indicated that VNTR2-1 was a bivalent enhancer. In telomerase-expressing human melanoma cell line MelJuSo, deletion of VNTR2-1 caused the hTERT promoter chromatin status to change from an active state to a repressed state, accompanied by increases of H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 marks. Therefore, we provided additional evidence for VNTR2-1 as a functional regulatory element that regulated hTERT expression by MYC family transcription factors. These results have improved our knowledge on the functions of repetitive genomic DNAs and the regulatory mechanisms of human telomerase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiyue Zhu
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 1-509-368-6565; Fax: 1-509-368-6561; ; 412E Spokane Falls Blvd, PBS323, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
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36
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Ak Aksoy S, Mutlu M, Tunca B, Kocaeli H, Taskapilioglu MO, Bekar A, Tekin C, Argadal OG, Civan MN, Kaya İS, Ocak PE, Tolunay S. Coexistence of TERT C228T mutation and MALAT1 dysregulation in primary glioblastoma: new prognostic and therapeutic targets. Neurol Res 2021; 43:916-925. [PMID: 34210246 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1948738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to conduct molecular classification based on IDH1/2, TERT, ATRX, and DAXX changes in pediatric and adult primary glioblastoma (GB) and to analyze the potential interaction of LncRNA MALAT1 in the determined homogeneous subgroups.Methods: We analyzed the expression profiles of ATRX/DAXX and MALAT1 using the qRT-PCR method and IDH and TERT mutation status using DNA sequencing analysis in 85 primary pediatric and adult GB patients.Results: IDH1 mutation was observed in 5 (5.88%) and TERT mutation in 65 (76.47%) primary pediatric and adult GB patients. ATRX and DAXX were detected in 18 (21.18%) and 7 (8.24%) patients. TERT mutation and loss of ATRX/DAXX were associated with short overall survival (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Patients carrying especially TERT C228T mutation had worse prognosis (p < 0.001). Six subgroups were obtained from the genetic analysis. Among the subgroups, MALAT1 was highly expressed in group A that had a single TERT mutation as compared to that in groups D and E (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively); further, high MALAT1 expression was associated with worse prognosis in patients with C228T mutation (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Our findings highlight that the presence of TERT C228T mutation and expression of MALAT1 can be used as primary targets during the follow-up of primary GB patients and in the development of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Secil Ak Aksoy
- Inegol Vocation School, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Melis Mutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Berrin Tunca
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kocaeli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Bekar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Cagla Tekin
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Omer Gokay Argadal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - İsmail Seckin Kaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Pınar Eser Ocak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sahsine Tolunay
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Xu T, Cheng D, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zhu X, Zhang F, Chen G, Wang Y, Yan X, Robertson GP, Gaddameedhi S, Lazarus P, Wang S, Zhu J. Polymorphic tandem DNA repeats activate the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019043118. [PMID: 34155099 PMCID: PMC8256013 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019043118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple independent sequence variants of the hTERT locus have been associated with telomere length and cancer risks in genome-wide association studies. Here, we identified an intronic variable number tandem repeat, VNTR2-1, as an enhancer-like element, which activated hTERT transcription in a cell in a chromatin-dependent manner. VNTR2-1, consisting of 42-bp repeats with an array of enhancer boxes, cooperated with the proximal promoter in the regulation of hTERT transcription by basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and maintained hTERT expression during embryonic stem-cell differentiation. Genomic deletion of VNTR2-1 in MelJuSo melanoma cells markedly reduced hTERT transcription, leading to telomere shortening, cellular senescence, and impairment of xenograft tumor growth. Interestingly, VNTR2-1 lengths varied widely in human populations; hTERT alleles with shorter VNTR2-1 were underrepresented in African American centenarians, indicating its role in human aging. Therefore, this polymorphic element is likely a missing link in the telomerase regulatory network and a molecular basis for genetic diversities of telomere homeostasis and age-related disease susceptibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - De Cheng
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210
| | - Yuanjun Zhao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Jinglong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210
| | - Xiaolu Zhu
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Department of Dermatology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Philip Lazarus
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210
| | - Shuwen Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210
| | - Jiyue Zhu
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210;
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Lin SY, Zhang A, Lian J, Wang J, Chang TT, Lin YJ, Song W, Su YH. Recurrent HBV Integration Targets as Potential Drivers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061294. [PMID: 34071075 PMCID: PMC8224658 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), frequently with HBV integrating into the host genome. HBV integration, found in 85% of HBV-associated HCC (HBV–HCC) tissue samples, has been suggested to be oncogenic. Here, we investigated the potential of HBV–HCC driver identification via the characterization of recurrently targeted genes (RTGs). A total of 18,596 HBV integration sites from our in-house study and others were analyzed. RTGs were identified by applying three criteria: at least two HCC subjects, reported by at least two studies, and the number of reporting studies. A total of 396 RTGs were identified. Among the 28 most frequent RTGs, defined as affected in at least 10 HCC patients, 23 (82%) were associated with carcinogenesis and 5 (18%) had no known function. Available breakpoint positions from the three most frequent RTGs, TERT, MLL4/KMT2B, and PLEKHG4B, were analyzed. Mutual exclusivity of TERT promoter mutation and HBV integration into TERT was observed. We present an RTG consensus through comprehensive analysis to enable the potential identification and discovery of HCC drivers for drug development and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Y. Lin
- JBS Science, Inc., Doylestown, PA 18902, USA; (S.Y.L.); (J.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Adam Zhang
- The Baruch S. Blumberg Research Institute, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA; (A.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jessica Lian
- The Baruch S. Blumberg Research Institute, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA; (A.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jeremy Wang
- JBS Science, Inc., Doylestown, PA 18902, USA; (S.Y.L.); (J.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Ting-Tsung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
| | - Yih-Jyh Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
| | - Wei Song
- JBS Science, Inc., Doylestown, PA 18902, USA; (S.Y.L.); (J.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Ying-Hsiu Su
- The Baruch S. Blumberg Research Institute, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA; (A.Z.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +215-489-4907
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Shin I, Park YW, Ahn SS, Kang SG, Chang JH, Kim SH, Lee SK. Clinical and diffusion parameters may noninvasively predict TERT promoter mutation status in grade II meningiomas. J Neuroradiol 2021; 49:59-65. [PMID: 33716047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Increasing evidence suggests that genomic and molecular markers need to be integrated in grading of meningioma. Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp) mutation is receiving attention due to its clinical relevance in the treatment of meningiomas. The predictive ability of conventional and diffusion MRI parameters for determining the TERTp mutation status in grade II meningiomas has yet been identified. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 63 patients with surgically confirmed grade II meningiomas (56 TERTp wildtype, 7 TERTp mutant) were included. Conventional imaging features were qualitatively assessed. The maximum diameter, volume of the tumors and histogram parameters from the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were assessed. Independent clinical and imaging risk factors for TERTp mutation were investigated using multivariable logistic regression. The discriminative value of the prediction models with and without imaging features was evaluated. RESULTS In the univariable regression, older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, P = 0.005), larger maximum diameter (OR = 1.09, P = 0.023), larger volume (OR = 1.04, P = 0.014), lower mean ADC (OR = 0.02, P = 0.025), and lower ADC 10th percentile (OR = 0.01, P = 0.014) were predictors of TERTp mutation. In multivariable regression, age (OR = 1.13, P = 0.009) and ADC 10th percentile (OR = 0.01, P = 0.038) were independent predictors of variables for predicting the TERTp mutation status. The performance of the prediction model increased upon inclusion of imaging parameters (area under the curves of 0.86 and 0.91, respectively, without and with imaging parameters). CONCLUSION Older age and lower ADC 10th percentile may be useful parameters to predict TERTp mutation in grade II meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilah Shin
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yae Won Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Koo Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Bányai L, Trexler M, Kerekes K, Csuka O, Patthy L. Use of signals of positive and negative selection to distinguish cancer genes and passenger genes. eLife 2021; 10:e59629. [PMID: 33427197 PMCID: PMC7877913 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal of cancer genomics is to identify all genes that play critical roles in carcinogenesis. Most approaches focused on genes positively selected for mutations that drive carcinogenesis and neglected the role of negative selection. Some studies have actually concluded that negative selection has no role in cancer evolution. We have re-examined the role of negative selection in tumor evolution through the analysis of the patterns of somatic mutations affecting the coding sequences of human genes. Our analyses have confirmed that tumor suppressor genes are positively selected for inactivating mutations, oncogenes, however, were found to display signals of both negative selection for inactivating mutations and positive selection for activating mutations. Significantly, we have identified numerous human genes that show signs of strong negative selection during tumor evolution, suggesting that their functional integrity is essential for the growth and survival of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Bányai
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Maria Trexler
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Krisztina Kerekes
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Orsolya Csuka
- Department of Pathogenetics, National Institute of OncologyBudapestHungary
| | - László Patthy
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
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Goswami A, Huda N, Yasmin T, Hosen MI, Hasan AKMM, Nabi AHMN. Association study of leukocyte telomere length and genetic polymorphism within hTERT promoter with type 2 diabetes in Bangladeshi population. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:285-295. [PMID: 33389530 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are protective cap on the ends of DNA of non-coding tandem repeats of TTAGGG. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is a catalytic subunit of telomerase that maintains the structure of telomeres. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects multi-organ and telomere length by altering telomerase activity. We aimed to evaluate the relative telomere length (RTL) and risk association of rs2853669 with T2D in Bangladeshi population. RTL was measured in 408 unrelated Bangladeshi (224 T2D and 184 healthy) using primers for target gene and reference gene albumin. Genotypic frequencies for rs2853669 were determined using TaqMan® probes. The mean level of age adjusted RTL (AARTL) varied significantly between the healthy and individuals with T2D for all the genotypes with respect to rs2853669. Moreover, healthy individuals had significantly higher AARTL than T2D. Similar findings were observed when study participants were stratified based on their gender. Association studies revealed that under codominant model of inheritance, TC genotype showed protective role against development of type 2 diabetes. This study suggests a possible role of telomere biology in T2DM, but their association needs to be evaluated further with a larger series and matched healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atoll Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nafiul Huda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tahirah Yasmin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ismail Hosen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Mahbub Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - A H M Nurun Nabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
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Long Q, Hua Y, He L, Zhang C, Sui S, Li Y, Qiu H, Tian T, An X, Luo G, Yan Y, Zhao A, Shi D, Xie F, Chen M, Zheng F, Deng W. Poly(U) binding splicing factor 60 promotes renal cell carcinoma growth by transcriptionally upregulating telomerase reverse transcriptase. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:3002-3017. [PMID: 33061812 PMCID: PMC7545719 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abnormal transcriptional upregulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) plays a dominant role in telomerase activation in various cancers. TERT promoter mutations (TPMs) have been identified as a key mechanism in TERT upregulation. However, the mechanism of TERT upregulation in cancers with low frequency of TPMs are not fully elucidated so far. Methods: The expression of PUF60 and TERT was detected by real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. TERT promoter binding proteins were identified by streptavidin-agarose pulldown assay and mass spectrum (MS) analysis. The role of PUF60/TERT in renal cancer was evaluated on cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Results: In this study, we identify the regulation mechanism of TERT in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells which have rare TPMs but exert significant upregulation of TERT. We found that TERT was highly expressed in RCC tumor tissues, and elevated TERT expression was associated with poor prognosis for patients. We also detected the relatively rare TPM status in both RCC tumor tissues and RCC cell lines. Mechanistically, PUF60, a RNA binding protein, was identified as a novel TERT regulator which bound to the TERT and transcriptionally upregulated TERT expression in RCC cells. The in vitro and in vivo experiments also demonstrated that PUF60 could promote RCC cell growth through activation of TERT expression in a TPM status independent way. Furthermore, we showed that there was a strong correlation of the expression of PUF60 and TERT in RCC tumor tissues and RCC cell lines, and the patients with high expression of PUF60 and TERT had significantly shorter survival. Conclusions: Collectively, these results indicated that PUF60 transcriptionally upregulated TERT expression to promote RCC growth and progression in a TPM status independent way, suggesting that the PUF60/TERT signaling pathway may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Long
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Hua
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liru He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changlin Zhang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Silei Sui
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Qiu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin An
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Luo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anshi Zhao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingbo Shi
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyun Xie
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fufu Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Dratwa M, Wysoczanska B, Turlej E, Anisiewicz A, Maciejewska M, Wietrzyk J, Bogunia-Kubik K. Heterogeneity of telomerase reverse transcriptase mutation and expression, telomerase activity and telomere length across human cancer cell lines cultured in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112298. [PMID: 32971118 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Promoter region of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERTp) constitutes a regulatory element capable to affect TERT expression (TE), telomerase activity (TA) and telomere length (TL). TERTp mutation status, TL, TA and TE were assessed in 27 in vitro cultured human cell lines, including 11 solid tumour, 13 haematological and 3 normal cell lines. C228T and C250T TERTp mutations were detected in 5 solid tumour and none of haematological cell lines (p = 0.0100). As compared to other solid tumour cell lines, those with the presence of somatic mutations were characterized by: shorter TL, lower TA and TE. Furthermore, cell lines carrying TERTp mutations showed a linear correlation between TE and TA (R = 0.9708, p = 0.0021). Moreover, haematological cell lines exhibited higher TE compared to solid tumour cell lines (p = 0.0007). TL and TA were correlated in both solid tumour (R = 0.4875, p = 0.0169) and haematological (R = 0.4719, p = 0.0095) cell lines. Our results based on the in vitro model suggest that oncogenic processes may differ between solid tumours and haematological malignancies with regard to their TERT gene regulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dratwa
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Wysoczanska
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Turlej
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur Anisiewicz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Maciejewska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
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44
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Campanella R, Guarnaccia L, Caroli M, Zarino B, Carrabba G, La Verde N, Gaudino C, Rampini A, Luzzi S, Riboni L, Locatelli M, Navone SE, Marfia G. Personalized and translational approach for malignant brain tumors in the era of precision medicine: the strategic contribution of an experienced neurosurgery laboratory in a modern neurosurgery and neuro-oncology department. J Neurol Sci 2020; 417:117083. [PMID: 32784071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Personalized medicine (PM) aims to optimize patient management, taking into account the individual traits of each patient. The main purpose of PM is to obtain the best response, improving health care and lowering costs. Extending traditional approaches, PM introduces novel patient-specific paradigms from diagnosis to treatment, with greater precision. In neuro-oncology, the concept of PM is well established. Indeed, every neurosurgical intervention for brain tumors has always been highly personalized. In recent years, PM has been introduced in neuro-oncology also to design and prescribe specific therapies for the patient and the patient's tumor. The huge advances in basic and translational research in the fields of genetics, molecular and cellular biology, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have led to the introduction of PM into clinical practice. The identification of a patient's individual variation map may allow to design selected therapeutic protocols that ensure successful outcomes and minimize harmful side effects. Thus, clinicians can switch from the "one-size-fits-all" approach to PM, ensuring better patient care and high safety margin. Here, we review emerging trends and the current literature about the development of PM in neuro-oncology, considering the positive impact of innovative advanced researches conducted by a neurosurgical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Campanella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Guarnaccia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Caroli
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Zarino
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carrabba
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Gaudino
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Rampini
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Riboni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, LITA-Segrate, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Aldo Ravelli" Research Center, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical-Surgical Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Elena Navone
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Aldo Ravelli" Research Center, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Marfia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Aldo Ravelli" Research Center, Milan, Italy; Clinical Pathology Unit, Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Moosso", Aeronautica Militare, Milan, Italy
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45
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Human papillomavirus genotyping as a tool for cervical cancer prevention: from commercially available human papillomavirus DNA test to next-generation sequencing. Future Sci OA 2020; 6:FSO603. [PMID: 33235804 PMCID: PMC7668120 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological importance of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the field of medicine – related to cervical carcinogenesis – has been extensively reported in the last decades. For the first time, a direct correlation between cause and effect to explain a cancer development was completely achieved in medical research. Consequently, the Nobel Prize was awarded to HZ Hausen in 2008 for his efforts to understand the effects of persistent infection of oncogenic types of HPV and malignancy transformation. The aim of the present review was to summarize the principal elements of HPV characteristics and their importance in oncology. It is established that HPV is the main etiologic agent for the development of cervical cancer. With the evolution of diagnosis and molecular biology, many tools have become essential for an early diagnosis and thereby, considerably reducing mortality. Molecular biology continues to advance and provide new perspectives with the use of reverse-transcription PCR in automation and genotyping through next-generation sequencing. This article aims to provide an overview of what is currently used in HPV diagnostic and research and future perspectives with the help of technologies such as next-generation sequencing for screening and vaccination.
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46
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Fernandes SG, Dsouza R, Pandya G, Kirtonia A, Tergaonkar V, Lee SY, Garg M, Khattar E. Role of Telomeres and Telomeric Proteins in Human Malignancies and Their Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1901. [PMID: 32674474 PMCID: PMC7409176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are the ends of linear chromosomes comprised of repetitive nucleotide sequences in humans. Telomeres preserve chromosomal stability and genomic integrity. Telomere length shortens with every cell division in somatic cells, eventually resulting in replicative senescence once telomere length becomes critically short. Telomere shortening can be overcome by telomerase enzyme activity that is undetectable in somatic cells, while being active in germline cells, stem cells, and immune cells. Telomeres are bound by a shelterin complex that regulates telomere lengthening as well as protects them from being identified as DNA damage sites. Telomeres are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and generate a long noncoding RNA called telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), which plays a key role in regulating subtelomeric gene expression. Replicative immortality and genome instability are hallmarks of cancer and to attain them cancer cells exploit telomere maintenance and telomere protection mechanisms. Thus, understanding the role of telomeres and their associated proteins in cancer initiation, progression and treatment is very important. The present review highlights the critical role of various telomeric components with recently established functions in cancer. Further, current strategies to target various telomeric components including human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) as a therapeutic approach in human malignancies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina George Fernandes
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai 400056, India; (S.G.F.); (R.D.)
| | - Rebecca Dsouza
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai 400056, India; (S.G.F.); (R.D.)
| | - Gouri Pandya
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (G.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Anuradha Kirtonia
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (G.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (V.T.); (S.Y.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Sook Y. Lee
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (V.T.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (G.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Ekta Khattar
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai 400056, India; (S.G.F.); (R.D.)
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Lex K, Maia Gil M, Lopes-Bastos B, Figueira M, Marzullo M, Giannetti K, Carvalho T, Ferreira MG. Telomere shortening produces an inflammatory environment that increases tumor incidence in zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15066-15074. [PMID: 32554492 PMCID: PMC7334448 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920049117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer incidence increases exponentially with age when human telomeres are shorter. Similarly, telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert) mutant zebrafish have premature short telomeres and anticipate cancer incidence to younger ages. However, because short telomeres constitute a road block to cell proliferation, telomere shortening is currently viewed as a tumor suppressor mechanism and should protect from cancer. This conundrum is not fully understood. In our current study, we report that telomere shortening promotes cancer in a noncell autonomous manner. Using zebrafish chimeras, we show increased incidence of invasive melanoma when wild-type (WT) tumors are generated in tert mutant zebrafish. Tissues adjacent to melanoma lesions (skin) and distant organs (intestine) in tert mutants exhibited higher levels of senescence and inflammation. In addition, we transferred second generation (G2) tert blastula cells into WT to produce embryo chimeras. Cells with very short telomeres induced increased tumor necrosis factor1-α (TNF1-α) expression and senescence in larval tissues in a noncell autonomous manner, creating an inflammatory environment. Considering that inflammation is protumorigenic, we transplanted melanoma-derived cells into G2 tert zebrafish embryos and observed that tissue environment with short telomeres leads to increased tumor development. To test if inflammation was necessary for this effect, we treated melanoma transplants with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs and show that higher melanoma dissemination can be averted. Thus, apart from the cell autonomous role of short telomeres in contributing to genome instability, we propose that telomere shortening with age causes systemic chronic inflammation leading to increased tumor incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Lex
- Telomere and Genome Stability Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mariana Maia Gil
- Telomere and Genome Stability Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Bruno Lopes-Bastos
- Telomere and Genome Stability Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, UMR7284 U1081 UNS, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Margarida Figueira
- Telomere and Genome Stability Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta Marzullo
- Telomere and Genome Stability Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Kety Giannetti
- Telomere and Genome Stability Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tânia Carvalho
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, Av Brasilia, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Godinho Ferreira
- Telomere and Genome Stability Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, UMR7284 U1081 UNS, 06107 Nice, France
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Roake CM, Artandi SE. Regulation of human telomerase in homeostasis and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:384-397. [PMID: 32242127 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex, the catalytic core of which includes the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and the non-coding human telomerase RNA (hTR), which serves as a template for the addition of telomeric repeats to chromosome ends. Telomerase expression is restricted in humans to certain cell types, and telomerase levels are tightly controlled in normal conditions. Increased levels of telomerase are found in the vast majority of human cancers, and we have recently begun to understand the mechanisms by which cancer cells increase telomerase activity. Conversely, germline mutations in telomerase-relevant genes that decrease telomerase function cause a range of genetic disorders, including dyskeratosis congenita, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and bone marrow failure. In this Review, we discuss the transcriptional regulation of human TERT, hTR processing, assembly of the telomerase complex, the cellular localization of telomerase and its recruitment to telomeres, and the regulation of telomerase activity. We also discuss the disease relevance of each of these steps of telomerase biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Roake
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven E Artandi
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Tian W, Hu W, Shi X, Liu P, Ma X, Zhao W, Qu L, Zhang S, Shi W, Liu A, Cao J. Comprehensive genomic profile of cholangiocarcinomas in China. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3101-3110. [PMID: 32256810 PMCID: PMC7074170 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a primary malignancy, which is often diagnosed as locally advanced or metastatic. Previous studies have revealed genomic characteristics of CCA in Western patients, however comprehensive genomic features of CCA in Chinese patients have not been well understood. To explore the specific genomic characteristics of Chinese patients with CCA, a total of 66 patients with CCA, including 44 intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) and 22 extrahepatic CCA (exCCA) cases, were studied. The most commonly altered genes in CCAs were TP53 (62.12%, 41/66), KRAS (36.36%, 24/66), SMAD4 (24.24%, 16/66), TERT (21.21%, 14/66), ARID1A (19.70%, 13/66), CDKN2A (19.70%, 13/66), KMT2C (9.09%, 6/66) and RBM10 (9.09%, 6/66), ERBB2 (7.58%, 5/66) and BRAF (7.58%, 5/66). Many gene mutations, including STK11, CCND1 and FGF19, were only found in iCCA. RBM10 mutations were found to be significantly higher in exCCA. The gene mutations of neurofibromin 1, STK11, CCND1 and FBXW7 specifically occurred in males, whereas gene mutations of ERBB2, AXIN2 and CREBBP specifically occurred in females. ERBB2 mutations were significantly associated with the sex of patients with CCA. Mutations in PIK3CA, FGFR2 and ZNF750 were significantly associated with the age of patients with CCA and TERT mutations were significantly associated with tumor differentiation. Alterations in KMT2C, PBRM1, AXIN2, MAGI2, BRCA2 and SPTA1 were associated with tumor mutational burden. The findings of the present study suggest that targeted sequencing, using next-generation sequencing technology, provides comprehensive and accurate information on genomic alterations, which will provide novel potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of CCA and may guide precise therapeutic strategies for Chinese patients with CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Weiyu Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | | | - Peng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | | | - Weiwei Shi
- Origimed Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201114, P.R. China
| | - Angen Liu
- Origimed Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201114, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Dalva-Aydemir S, Akyerli CB, Yüksel ŞK, Keskin H, Yakıcıer MC. Toward In Vitro Epigenetic Drug Design for Thyroid Cancer: The Promise of PF-03814735, an Aurora Kinase Inhibitor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23:486-495. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Dalva-Aydemir
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology PhD Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemaliye Boylu Akyerli
- Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şirin Kılıçturgay Yüksel
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology PhD Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilal Keskin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology PhD Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cengiz Yakıcıer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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