1
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Liu H, Yu Z, Li B, Wang B. Manganese(I)-Catalyzed Direct Addition of C(sp 3)-H Bonds to Aryl Isocyanates. J Org Chem 2024; 89:13429-13437. [PMID: 39225401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The addition of C-H bonds to isocyanates catalyzed by transition metals is a highly auspicious methodology for providing synthetically and biologically important amides. However, the substrates are limited to C(sp2)-H bonds. In this work, an efficient manganese(I)-catalyzed direct addition reaction of C(sp3)-H bonds of 8-methylquinolines to aryl isocyanates has been developed, leading to the synthesis of various α-quinolinyl amide compounds in moderate to high yields. The reaction has a broad range of substrates and a good functional group tolerance. A possible mechanism is proposed based on the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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2
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Liu H, Tang T, Li B, Wang B. Manganese(I)-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of C(sp 3)-H bonds to aldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5066-5069. [PMID: 38639013 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01338g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The C-H bond activation catalyzed by a manganese(I) complex has achieved significant development but is limited to C(sp2)-H bonds. In this work, an efficient manganese(I)-catalyzed direct nucleophilic addition reaction of C(sp3)-H bonds to aromatic aldehydes has been developed. This is the first example of manganese(I)-catalyzed C(sp3)-H bond transformation. A manganacycle complex was isolated and proved to be the key active intermediate in the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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3
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Gholap SS, Dakhil AA, Chakraborty P, Dighe S, Rahman MM, Dutta I, Hengne A, Huang KW. Efficient and chemoselective imine synthesis catalyzed by a well-defined PN 3-manganese(II) pincer system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2617-2620. [PMID: 38351877 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05892a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The highly efficient reductive amination of aldehydes with ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen (H2) to form secondary imines is described, as well as the dehydrogenative homocoupling of benzyl amines. Using an air-stable, well-defined PN3-manganese(II) pincer complex as a catalyst precursor, various aldehydes are easily converted directly into secondary imines using NH3 as a nitrogen source under H2 in a one-pot reaction. Importantly, the same catalyst facilitates the dehydrogenative homocoupling of various benzylamines, exclusively forming imine products. These reactions are conducted under very mild conditions, without the addition of any additives, yielding excellent selectivities and high yields of secondary imines in a green manner by minimizing wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Suryabhan Gholap
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Al Dakhil
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432-5701, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shashikant Dighe
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering and Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Misbahur Rahman
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Indranil Dutta
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amol Hengne
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering and Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Singapore
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering and Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Singapore
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4
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Zhao M, Yuan H, Zhang J. Origin of Ligand and Acid Effects on the Pd-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Coupling Reaction of Indazoles and Isoprene: A DFT Study. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16132-16143. [PMID: 38037695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive computational studies were carried out to explore the mechanisms and origin of regioselectivity in the Pd-catalyzed regiodivergent coupling reaction of indazoles and isoprene. Three different insertion models were investigated for regioselectivity 1,2- or 4,3-insertion with respect to the electrophilic sites on isoprene under two different ligands (L1 and L2) and acids ((PhO)2PO2H, (nBuO)2PO2H) via PdII-H species, allyl-π-PdII-O, and indazoles-acid-assisted PdII-π-allyl. The calculated results show that the PdII-π-allyl coordinated mechanism is the most preferred one. The noncovalent interactions between the less bulky ligand L1, substrates, and (PhO)2PO2- are found to be key factors for 1,2-insertion. The 4,3-insertion selectivity is primarily controlled by the steric repulsion of the t-Bu group of bulky ligand L2 and substrate, as well as the geometry distortion. Therefore, the regioselectivity difference of the 1,2- and 4,3-insertion on electrophilic sites is controlled by the synergistic effect of ligands and acids instead of the size of the ligand. Similarly, nucleophilic site selectivity at N1 or N2 of indazoles is governed by cooperative acid BF3 and solvent iPrOH rather than BF3 alone. Overall, our findings might open a new avenue for designing more efficient regioselective 1,2- or 4,3-addition or N1-/N2-selective nucleophilic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzhu Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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5
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Maayuri R, Gandeepan P. Manganese-catalyzed hydroarylation of multiple bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:441-464. [PMID: 36541044 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01674e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation has become a promising strategy in organic synthesis due to its improved atom-, step- and resource economy. Considering the Earth's abundance, economic benefits, and low toxicity, 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation have received a significant focus. In particular, organometallic manganese-catalyzed C-H activation has proven to be versatile and suitable for a wide range of transformations such as C-H addition to π-components, arylation, alkylation, alkynylation, amination, and many more. Among them, manganese-catalyzed C-H addition to C-C and C-heteroatom multiple bonds exhibited unique and promising reactivity to construct a wide range of complex organic molecules. In this review, we highlight the developments in the field of manganese-catalyzed hydroarylation of multiple bonds via C-H activation with a range of applications until August 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaram Maayuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Yerpedu-Venkatagiri Road, Yerpedu Post, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh 517619, India.
| | - Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Yerpedu-Venkatagiri Road, Yerpedu Post, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh 517619, India.
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6
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Choudhary S, Cannas DM, Wheatley M, Larrosa I. A manganese(i)tricarbonyl-catalyst for near room temperature alkene and alkyne hydroarylation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13225-13230. [PMID: 36425483 PMCID: PMC9667916 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing more efficient catalytic processes using abundant and low toxicity transition metals is key to enable their mainstream use in synthetic chemistry. We have rationally designed a new Mn(i)-catalyst for hydroarylation reactions that displays much improved catalytic activity over the commonly used MnBr(CO)5. Our catalyst, MnBr(CO)3(MeCN)2, avoids the formation of the off-cycle manganacycle-(CO)4 species responsible for low catalyst activity, allowing near room temperature hydroarylation of alkenes and alkynes with broad functional group tolerance including late stage functionalisation and diversification of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Diego M Cannas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Matthew Wheatley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Igor Larrosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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7
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Torres-Calis A, García JJ. Homogeneous Manganese-Catalyzed Hydrofunctionalizations of Alkenes and Alkynes: Catalytic and Mechanistic Tendencies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37008-37038. [PMID: 36312376 PMCID: PMC9608411 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many manganese-based homogeneous catalytic precursors have been developed as powerful alternatives in organic synthesis. Among these, the hydrofunctionalizations of unsaturated C-C bonds correspond to outstanding ways to afford compounds with more versatile functional groups, which are commonly used as building blocks in the production of fine chemicals and feedstock for the industrial field. Herein, we present an account of the Mn-catalyzed homogeneous hydrofunctionalizations of alkenes and alkynes with the main objective of finding catalytic and mechanistic tendencies that could serve as a platform for the works to come.
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8
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Jei BB, Yang L, Ackermann L. Selective Labeling of Peptides with o-Carboranes via Manganese(I)-Catalyzed C-H Activation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200811. [PMID: 35420234 PMCID: PMC9320968 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A robust method for the selective labeling of peptides via manganese(I) catalysis was devised to achieve the C-2 alkenylation of tryptophan containing peptides with 1-ethynyl-o-carboranes. The manganese-catalyzed C-H activation was accomplished with high catalytic efficiency, and featured low toxicity, high functional group tolerance and excellent E-stereoselectivity. This approach unravels a promising tool for the assembly of o-carborane with structurally complex peptides of relevance to applications in boron neutron capture therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Bongsuiru Jei
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTamannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTamannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTamannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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9
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He H, Yan J, Jin J, Yan Z, Yan Q, Wang W, Jiang H, Wang H, Chen F. TfOH-catalyzed regioselective N2-alkylation of indazoles with diazo compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6429-6432. [PMID: 35546320 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Selective alkylation of indazoles is still a highly challenging topic in chemistry and the synthesis of important molecules. Herein, a novel highly selective N2-alkylation of indazoles with diazo compounds is described in the presence of TfOH. Unlike the traditional metal- and base-catalysed version, this protocol highlights the regioselectivity of alkylation of indazoles and a metal-free catalysis system, affording N2-alkylated products in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity (N2/N1 up to 100/0) and excellent functional group tolerance. Furthermore, a gram scale synthesis was conducted successfully to give rise to the corresponding products. Mechanistic studies through control experiments provide plausible mechanistic proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangli He
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China. .,School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jingru Jin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China. .,School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zhewei Yan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China. .,School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Qiongjiao Yan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Haipeng Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China. .,School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China. .,Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
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10
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Ali S, Rani A, Khan S. Manganese-Catalyzed C-H Functionalizations Driven via Weak Coordination: Recent Developments and Perspectives. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Pan X, Liu Q, Nong Y. 2-Alkylation of 3-Alkyindoles With Unactivated Alkenes. Front Chem 2022; 10:860764. [PMID: 35281568 PMCID: PMC8907451 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.860764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An acid-catalyzed 2-alkylation of indole molecules is developed. Only catalytic amount of the commercially available, inexpensive and traceless HI is used as the sole reaction promoter. 2,3-Disubstituted indole molecules bearing congested tertiary carbon centers are afforded as the final products in moderate to excellent yields.
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12
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Qi S, Tan Z, Na Q, Zhang X, Xu M, Zhuang W, Li M, Ying H, Ouyang P, Zhu C. Constructing a multienzyme cascade redox-neutral system for the synthesis of halogenated indoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6016-6019. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00811d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by biocatalytic retrosynthesis, a multienzyme cascade system containing alcohol dehydrogenase, flavin-dependent halogenase and flavin reductase was developed for the synthesis of several halogenated indoles starting from aminoalcohol. This redox-neutral...
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13
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Redox-neutral C–H acylation of indole with ketene by manganese catalysis. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Li Y, Wang H, Li Y, Li Y, Sun Y, Xia C, Li Y. Manganese-Catalyzed [4 + 2] Annulation of N-H Amidines with Vinylene Carbonate via C-H Activation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:18204-18210. [PMID: 34821499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Manganese-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization of aryl amidines for the synthesis of 1-aminoisoquinolines in the presence of vinylene carbonate has been developed. The reaction features a broad substrate scope and proceeds under mild reaction conditions with only the carbonate anion as the byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, P. R. China
| | - Chungu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, P. R. China
| | - Yuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, P. R. China
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15
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Li M, Dong Y, Zhou C, Bai J, Cheng J, Sun J, Sun S. Iridium-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral C2 and C3 Dual C-H Functionalization of Indoles with Nitrones toward 7 H-Indolo[2,3- c]quinolines. Org Lett 2021; 23:8229-8234. [PMID: 34623158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An iridium-catalyzed redox-neutral C-2 and C-3 dual C-H functionalization of indoles with nitrones has been developed, furnishing a range of 7H-indolo[2,3-c]quinolines with high efficiency and regioselectivity under mild reaction conditions. Notably, sequential multiple C-H bond cleavage and C-C bond formation constitute the key events of this process, in which nitrone serves as a building block and an oxidant. Distinct from the previous methods toward 7H-indolo[2,3-c]quinolines, this newly developed reaction features readily available substrates, operational simplicity, broad scope, good to high efficiency, and excellent regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yaqun Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Junxue Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.,Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Song Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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16
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Ghosh S, Khandelia T, Patel BK. Solvent-Switched Manganese(I)-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Distal vs Proximal C-H Alkylation of Imidazopyridine with Maleimide. Org Lett 2021; 23:7370-7375. [PMID: 34543041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A sustainable Mn(I)-catalyzed exclusive solvent-dependent functionalization of imidazopyridine with maleimide via an electrophilic metalation at the distal (in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE)) and chelation assisted at the proximal (in tetrahydrofuran (THF)) has been developed. The strategy was successfully applied to the drug Zolimidine and a broad range of substrates, thereby reflecting the method's versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Tamanna Khandelia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
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17
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Priebbenow DL, Hua C. Acyl silane directed Cp*Rh(III)-catalysed alkylation/annulation reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7938-7941. [PMID: 34286753 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03051e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies into the Cp*Rh(iii)-catalysed hydroarylation of alkenes with aryl acyl silanes led to the discovery of a new synthetic strategy to access unique silicon derived indene frameworks. Rather than protodemetalation of the metal enolate formed following insertion of an alkene into the aryl C-H bond, intramolecular aldol condensation of the acyl silane occurred to generate a series of 2-formyl- and 2-acetyl-3-silyl indenes. This represents only the second example of rhodium-catalysed C-H functionalisation employing acyl silanes as weakly coordinating directing groups and the intramolecular aldol condensation strategy was extended to access analogous silicon derived benzofurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Priebbenow
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Carol Hua
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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18
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Chai XY, Xu HB, Dong L. Cascade Reaction to Selectively Synthesize Multifunctional Indole Derivatives by Ir III -Catalyzed C-H Activation. Chemistry 2021; 27:13123-13127. [PMID: 34369008 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An effective and condition-controlled way to synthesize with high selectivity a variety of functionalized indoles with potent biological properties has been developed. Notably, 2,4-dialkynyl indole products were obtained by direct double C-H bond alkynylation, whereas alkynyl at the C4 position could convert to carbonyl to generate 2-alkynyl-3,4-diacetyl indoles fast and effectively. Additionally, a one-pot relay catalytic reaction led to 2,5-di-alkynyl-3,4-diacetyl indoles when using a carbonyl group as the directing group and by controlling the type and quantity of additives. A possible mechanism was proposed based on many studies including deuterium-exchange experiments, the necessary conditions of product conversion, and the effect of water on the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Chai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and, Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Bei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and, Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and, Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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19
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Huo J, Yang Y, Wang C. Manganese-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cyclization of Ketones and Isocyanates via Inert C-H Activation. Org Lett 2021; 23:3384-3388. [PMID: 33900094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Stoichiometric cyclomanganation of aromatic ketones and further reactions of the thus-formed manganacycles with isocyanates were first reported by Kaesz and Liebeskind in 1975 and 1990, respectively. The buildup of a closed manganese catalytic cycle for the reaction of ketones and isocyanates remains an unsolved problem. Herein, an unprecedented trio of Me2Zn/AlCl3/AgOTf is developed to build up manganese catalysis, which enables the [3 + 2] cyclization of ketones with isocyanates via inert C-H activation to access 3-alkylidene phthalimidines in a straightforward manner unachieved by other transition metal catalyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Huo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunhui Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Congyang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing 101400, China
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20
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Abstract
AbstractTransition-metal-catalyzed nucleophilic C–H addition of hydrocarbons to polar unsaturated bonds could intrinsically avoid prefunctionalization of substrates and formation of waste byproducts, thus featuring high step- and atom-economy. As the third most abundant transition metal, manganese-catalyzed C–H addition to polar unsaturated bonds remains challenging, partially due to the difficulty in building a closed catalytic cycle of manganese. In the past few years, we have developed manganese catalysis to enable the sp2-hydrid C–H addition to polar unsaturated bonds (e.g., imines, aldehydes, nitriles), which will be discussed in this personal account.1 Introduction2 Mn-Catalyzed N-Directed C(sp2)–H Addition to Polar Unsaturated Bonds3 Mn-Catalyzed O-Directed C(sp2)–H Addition to Polar Unsaturated Bonds4 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center
| | - Ting Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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