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Xiao X, Peng Y, Zhang W, Yang X, Zhang Z, Ren B, Zhu G, Zhou S. Current status and prospects of algal bloom early warning technologies: A Review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119510. [PMID: 37951110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, frequent occurrences of algal blooms due to environmental changes have posed significant threats to the environment and human health. This paper analyzes the reasons of algal bloom from the perspective of environmental factors such as nutrients, temperature, light, hydrodynamics factors and others. Various commonly used algal bloom monitoring methods are discussed, including traditional field monitoring methods, remote sensing techniques, molecular biology-based monitoring techniques, and sensor-based real-time monitoring techniques. The advantages and limitations of each method are summarized. Existing algal bloom prediction models, including traditional models and machine learning (ML) models, are introduced. Support Vector Machine (SVM), deep learning (DL), and other ML models are discussed in detail, along with their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, this paper provides an outlook on the future development of algal bloom warning techniques, proposing to combine various monitoring methods and prediction models to establish a multi-level and multi-perspective algal bloom monitoring system, further improving the accuracy and timeliness of early warning, and providing more effective safeguards for environmental protection and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Yazhou Peng
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China.
| | - Xiuzhen Yang
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Bozhi Ren
- School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Guocheng Zhu
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Saijun Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
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2
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Bergman O, Be'eri-Shlevin Y, Ninio S. Sodium levels and grazing pressure shape natural communities of the intracellular pathogen Legionella. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:167. [PMID: 37518067 PMCID: PMC10388490 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Legionella are parasites of freshwater protozoa, responsible for Legionellosis. Legionella can be found in a variety of aquatic environments, including rivers, lakes, and springs, as well as in engineered water systems where they can potentially lead to human disease outbarks. Legionella are considered to be predominantly freshwater organisms with a limited ability to proliferate in saline environments. Exposure of Legionella to high sodium concentrations inhibits growth and virulence of laboratory strains, particularly under elevated temperatures. Nonetheless, Legionella have been identified in some saline environments where they likely interact with various protozoan hosts. In this work, we examine how these selection pressures, sodium and grazing, help shape Legionella ecology within natural environments. Utilizing Legionella-specific primers targeting a variable region of the Legionella 16S rRNA gene, we characterized Legionella abundance, diversity, and community composition in natural spring clusters of varying sodium concentrations, focusing on high sodium concentrations and elevated temperatures. RESULTS We observed the highest abundance of Legionella in spring clusters of high salinity, particularly in combination with elevated temperatures. Legionella abundance was strongly related to sodium concentrations. The Legionella community structure in saline environments was characterized by relatively low diversity, compared to spring clusters of lower salinity. The community composition in high salinity was characterized by few dominant Legionella genotypes, not related to previously described species. Protozoan microbial community structure and composition patterns resembled those of Legionella, suggesting a common response to similar selection pressures. We examined Legionella co-occurrence with potential protozoan hosts and found associations with Ciliophora and Amoebozoa representatives. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that selection forces in saline environments favor a small yet dominant group of Legionella species that are not closely related to known species. These novel environmental genotypes interact with various protozoan hosts, under environmental conditions of high salinity. Our findings suggest that alternative survival mechanisms are utilized by these species, representing mechanisms distinct from those of well-studied laboratory strains. Our study demonstrate how salinity can shape communities of opportunistic pathogens and their hosts, in natural environments, shedding light on evolutionary forces acting within these complex environments. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Bergman
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory (KLL), Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), P.O. Box 447, 49500, Migdal, Israel
| | - Yaron Be'eri-Shlevin
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory (KLL), Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), P.O. Box 447, 49500, Migdal, Israel
| | - Shira Ninio
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory (KLL), Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), P.O. Box 447, 49500, Migdal, Israel.
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3
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Weisthal Algor S, Sukenik A, Carmeli S. Hydantoanabaenopeptins from Lake Kinneret Microcystis Bloom, Isolation, and Structure Elucidation of the Possible Intermediates in the Anabaenopeptins Biosynthesis. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:401. [PMID: 37504933 PMCID: PMC10381486 DOI: 10.3390/md21070401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anabaenopeptins are common metabolites of cyanobacteria. In the course of reisolation of the known aeruginosins KT608A and KT608B for bioassay studies, we noticed the presence of some unknown anabaenopeptins in the extract of a Microcystis cell mass collected during the 2016 spring bloom event in Lake Kinneret, Israel. The 1H NMR spectra of some of these compounds presented a significant difference in the appearance of the ureido bridge protons, and their molecular masses did not match any one of the 152 known anabaenopeptins. Analyses of the 1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, and MS/MS spectra of the new compounds revealed their structures as the hydantoin derivatives of anabaenopeptins A, B, F, and 1[Dht]-anabaenopeptin A and oscillamide Y (1, 2, 3, 6, and 4, respectively) and a new anabaenopeptin, 1[Dht]-anabaenopeptin A (5). The known anabaenopeptins A, B, and F and oscillamide Y (7, 8, 9, and 10, respectively) were present in the extract as well. We propose that 1-4 and 6 are the possible missing intermediates in the previously proposed partial biosynthesis route to the anabaenopeptins. Compounds 1-6 were tested for inhibition of the serine proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin and found inactive at a final concentration of ca. 54 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Weisthal Algor
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Assaf Sukenik
- The Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research Institute, Migdal 49500, Israel
| | - Shmuel Carmeli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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4
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Huang S, Zuo L, Cheng G, He Y, Zhang L, Han Q, Feng L. Design, synthesis and mechanism research of novel algicide based on bioactive fragments synthesis strategy. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105344. [PMID: 36963926 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and intensity of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) are increasing all over the world, their prevention and control have become a great challenge. In this paper, a series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole thioacetamides (T series) were designed and synthesized as potential algaecides. Among them, the compound T3 showed its best algacidal activity against Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (PCC 6803, EC50 = 1.51 μM) and Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB 905 (FACHB905, EC50 = 4.88 μM), which was more effective than the lead compound L1 (PCC6803, EC50 = 7.7 μM; FACHB905, EC50 = 8.8 μM) and the commercially available herbicide prometryn (PCC6803, EC50 = 4.64 μM;FACHB905, EC50 = 6.52 μM). Meanwhile, T3 showed a lower inhibitory activity (EC50 = 12.76 μM) than prometryn (EC50 = 7.98 μM) to Chlorella FACHB1227, indicating that T3 had selective inhibition to prokaryotic algae (PCC6803, FACHB905) and eukaryotic algae (FACHB1227). Furthermore, the algacidal and anti-algae activities of T3 were significantly better than those of prometryn, while the toxicity of zebrafish and human cells was less than prometryn. Electron microscope, physiological, biochemical and metabonomic analysis showed that T3 interfered with light absorption and light conversion during photosynthesis by significantly reducing chlorophyll content, thus inhibited metabolic pathways such as the Calvin cycle and TCA cycle, and eventually led to the cell rupture of cyanobacteria. These results afforded further development of effective and safe algaecides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lingzi Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guonian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yanlin He
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Liexiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lingling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Lang-Yona N, Alster A, Cummings D, Freiman Z, Kaplan-Levy R, Lupu A, Malinsky-Rushansky N, Ninio S, Sukenik A, Viner-Mozzini Y, Zohary T. Gloeotrichia pisum in Lake Kinneret: A successful epiphytic cyanobacterium. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:97-110. [PMID: 36371652 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With climate change and re-oligotrophication of lakes due to restoration efforts, the relative importance of benthic cyanobacteria is increasing, but they are much less studied than their planktonic counterparts. Following a major water level rise event that inundated massive reed stands in Lake Kinneret, Israel, we discovered the appearance of a vast abundance of Gloeotrichia pisum (cyanobacteria). This provided an opportunity to investigate the biology and ecology of a benthic epiphytic colonial cyanobacterium, proliferating under altered environmental conditions, with possible toxin production potential and as a model for an invasive epiphyte. The species was identified by its typical morphology, and by sequencing its 16S rRNA gene and the intragenic space. We report on the abundance and spatial distribution of the detected colonies, their morphological characteristics, and pigment composition. High phycoerythrin content provides a brownish color and supports growth at low light levels. Genomic community composition analysis revealed that G. pisum colonies host a diverse microbial community of microalgae, cyanobacteria, bacteria, and archaea with a conserved and characteristic taxonomic composition. The Synechococcales order showed high relative abundance in the colony, as well as other prokaryotes producing secondary metabolites, such as the rhodopsin producer Pseudorhodobacter. The microbial consortium in the colonies performed nitrogen fixation. The diazotroph's phylogenetic relations were demonstrated. Tests for the presence of cyanotoxins (microcystin and cylindrospermopsin) proved negative. This study is the first documentation of this genus in Israel, providing insights into the invasive nature of G. pisum and the ecological implications of its appearance in a lake ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Lang-Yona
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, 14950, Israel
| | - Alla Alster
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, 14950, Israel
| | - David Cummings
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, 14950, Israel
| | - Zohar Freiman
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, 14950, Israel
| | - Ruth Kaplan-Levy
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, 14950, Israel
| | - Achsa Lupu
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, 14950, Israel
| | | | - Shira Ninio
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, 14950, Israel
| | - Assaf Sukenik
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, 14950, Israel
| | - Yehudith Viner-Mozzini
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, 14950, Israel
| | - Tamar Zohary
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, 14950, Israel
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Al-Ashhab A, Marmen S, Schweitzer-Natan O, Bolotin E, Patil H, Viner-Mozzini D, Aharonovich D, Hershberg R, Minz D, Carmeli S, Cytryn E, Sukenik A, Sher D. Freshwater microbial metagenomes sampled across different water body characteristics, space and time in Israel. Sci Data 2022; 9:652. [PMID: 36289228 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater bodies are critical components of terrestrial ecosystems. The microbial communities of freshwater ecosystems are intimately linked water quality. These microbes interact with, utilize and recycle inorganic elements and organic matter. Here, we present three metagenomic sequence datasets (total of 182.9 Gbp) from different freshwater environments in Israel. The first dataset is from diverse freshwater bodies intended for different usages - a nature reserve, irrigation and aquaculture facilities, a tertiary wastewater treatment plant and a desert rainfall reservoir. The second represents a two-year time-series, collected during 2013-2014 at roughly monthly intervals, from a water reservoir connected to an aquaculture facility. The third is from several time-points during the winter and spring of 2015 in Lake Kinneret, including a bloom of the cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. These datasets are accompanied by physical, chemical, and biological measurements at each sampling point. We expect that these metagenomes will facilitate a wide range of comparative studies that seek to illuminate new aspects of freshwater microbial ecosystems and inform future water quality management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Al-Ashhab
- The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada, 8698000, Israel. .,Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. .,Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat campus, Israel.
| | - Sophi Marmen
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Orna Schweitzer-Natan
- The Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research Institute, P.O Box 447, Migdal, 49500, Israel
| | - Evgeni Bolotin
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hemant Patil
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O Box 15159, Rishon Lezion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Diti Viner-Mozzini
- The Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research Institute, P.O Box 447, Migdal, 49500, Israel
| | - Dikla Aharonovich
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ruth Hershberg
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dror Minz
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O Box 15159, Rishon Lezion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Shmuel Carmeli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry and Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Eddie Cytryn
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O Box 15159, Rishon Lezion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Assaf Sukenik
- The Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research Institute, P.O Box 447, Migdal, 49500, Israel
| | - Daniel Sher
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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7
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MacKeigan PW, Garner RE, Monchamp MÈ, Walsh DA, Onana VE, Kraemer SA, Pick FR, Beisner BE, Agbeti MD, da Costa NB, Shapiro BJ, Gregory-Eaves I. Comparing microscopy and DNA metabarcoding techniques for identifying cyanobacteria assemblages across hundreds of lakes. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 113:102187. [PMID: 35287928 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurately identifying the species present in an ecosystem is vital to lake managers and successful bioassessment programs. This is particularly important when monitoring cyanobacteria, as numerous taxa produce toxins and can have major negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Increasingly, DNA-based techniques such as metabarcoding are being used for measuring aquatic biodiversity, as they could accelerate processing time, decrease costs and reduce some of the biases associated with traditional light microscopy. Despite the continuing use of traditional microscopy and the growing use of DNA metabarcoding to identify cyanobacteria assemblages, methodological comparisons between the two approaches have rarely been reported from a wide suite of lake types. Here, we compare planktonic cyanobacteria assemblages generated by inverted light microscopy and DNA metabarcoding from a 379-lake dataset spanning a longitudinal and trophic gradient. We found moderate levels of congruence between methods at the broadest taxonomic levels (i.e., Order, RV=0.40, p < 0.0001). This comparison revealed distinct cyanobacteria communities from lakes of different trophic states, with Microcystis, Aphanizomenon and Dolichospermum dominating with both methods in eutrophic and hypereutrophic sites. This finding supports the use of either method when monitoring eutrophication in lake surface waters. The biggest difference between the two methods was the detection of picocyanobacteria, which are typically underestimated by light microscopy. This reveals that the communities generated by each method currently are complementary as opposed to identical and promotes a combined-method strategy when monitoring a range of trophic systems. For example, microscopy can provide measures of cyanobacteria biomass, which are critical data in managing lakes. Going forward, we believe that molecular genetic methods will be increasingly adopted as reference databases are routinely updated with more representative sequences and will improve as cyanobacteria taxonomy is resolved with the increase in available genetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W MacKeigan
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada.
| | - Rebecca E Garner
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada; Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Monchamp
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada
| | - David A Walsh
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada; Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vera E Onana
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada; Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susanne A Kraemer
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada; Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frances R Pick
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beatrix E Beisner
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Naíla Barbosa da Costa
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - B Jesse Shapiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Irene Gregory-Eaves
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Quebec, Canada.
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Wang P, Du B, Smith J, Lao W, Wong CS, Zeng EY. Development and field evaluation of the organic-diffusive gradients in thin-films (o-DGT) passive water sampler for microcystins. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132079. [PMID: 34523453 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of microcystins (MCs) in waterbodies requires a simple and reliable monitoring technique to characterize better their spatiotemporal distribution and ecological risks. An organic-diffusive gradients in thin films (o-DGT) passive sampler based on polyacrylamide diffusive gel and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) binding gel was developed for MCs in water. The mass accumulation of three MCs (MC-LR, -RR, and -YR) was linear over 10 days (R2 ≥ 0.98). Sampling rates (2.68-3.22 mL d-1) and diffusion coefficients (0.90-1.08 × 10-6 cm2 s-1) of three MCs were obtained at 20 °C. Two different passive samplers, o-DGT and the Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking device (SPATT), were co-deployed to estimate MC levels at three lakes in California, USA. Measured total MC concentrations were up to 10.9 μg L-1, with MC-LR the primary variant at a measured maximum concentration of 2.74 μg L-1. Time-weighted average MC concentrations by o-DGT were lower than grab water samples, probably because grab sampling measures both dissolved and particulate phases (i.e., MCs in cyanobacteria). Passive water samplers by design can only measure dissolved-phase MCs, which are considerably less during the cyanobacteria-laden periods observed. Both o-DGT and grab samples gave comparable results for three MC variants at low levels of MCs, e.g., <0.1 μg L-1. o-DGT showed a higher correlation with grab sampling than SPATT did. This study demonstrates that o-DGT can be effectively used for monitoring and evaluation of dissolved MCs in waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Center for Environmental Microplastics Studies, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Bowen Du
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Jayme Smith
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Wenjian Lao
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Charles S Wong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Center for Environmental Microplastics Studies, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA.
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Center for Environmental Microplastics Studies, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
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Huo Y, Li Y, Guo W, Liu J, Yang C, Li L, Liu H, Song L. Evaluation of Cyanobacterial Bloom from Lake Taihu as a Protein Substitute in Fish Diet-A Case Study on Tilapia. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:735. [PMID: 34679028 PMCID: PMC8538822 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility of cyanobacterial bloom is often hindered by concerns about the toxin content. Over three years of investigation, we found that the toxin content of cyanobacterial bloom in Lake Taihu was always low in June and higher in late summer and autumn. The findings enabled us to compare the effects of diets containing low and high toxic cyanobacterial blooms on the growth and consumption safety of tilapia. There were no negative effects on the growth of tilapia, and the muscle seemed to be safe for human consumption in the treatment of 18.5% low toxic cyanobacterial bloom. Therefore, limitations of the utilization of cyanobacterial biomass can be overcome by selecting low toxic cyanobacterial bloom that can be found and collected in large lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (L.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Cuiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Lirong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (W.G.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (L.L.)
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Cai S, Jia Y, Donde OO, Wang Z, Zhang J, Fang T, Xiao B, Wu X. Effects of microcystin-producing and non-microcystin-producing Microcystis on the behavior and life history traits of Chironomus pallidivittatus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117613. [PMID: 34147780 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Species of the genus Microcystis are among the most notorious cyanobacteria in eutrophic lakes worldwide, with ability present adverse effects on many aquatic organisms. In the surface sediments, Microcystis can be ingested by benthic macroinvertebrates such as Chironomus. However, the potential negative effects of Microcystis on Chironomus life history traits remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of different Microcystis diets on specific behaviors (burrowing activity, locomotion ability) and life history traits of Chironomus pallidivittatus (Diptera, Chironomidae). We also studied the interactive effects of microcystin-producing M. aeruginosa and temperature (15, 20, and 25 °C) stress on chironomid larvae. The results showed that the inhibitory effect on the cumulative emergence and burrowing activity of larvae was more severe when they were fed M. aeruginosa among the three Microcystis diets groups. Locomotion ability (i.e., locomotor distance and velocity) and adult dry weight decreased significantly in the group fed M. aeruginosa. Locomotion was significantly inhibited and mortality increased when the larvae were fed a mixture of M. aeruginosa and M. wesenbergii, which may have been the result of additive or synergistic effect of the toxins. Under the stress of lower temperature, C. pallidivittatus larvae exhibited weaker locomotion and growth ability, and the emerging adults were mostly male. At both the lower and higher temperature conditions, M. aeruginosa cause cumulative emergence decreased, and sex ratio imbalance, which inhibited the reproduction of larvae from the population perspective. The fourth-instar larvae showed better adaption to Microcystis than did the other instars. This study thus highlights the adverse effects of microcystin-producing M. aeruginosa on Chironomus. It also provides a novel perspective on how environmental factors may influence the behavior and life history traits of chironomid larvae, and how they may respond to cyanobacterial blooms and global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghe Cai
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunlu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Oscar Omondi Donde
- Department of Environmental Science, Egerton University, P. O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Junqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bangding Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xingqiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in a Changing Environment: Concepts, Controversies, Challenges. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13182463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Concern is widely being published that the occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria is increasing in consequence of climate change and eutrophication, substantially threatening human health. Here, we review evidence and pertinent publications to explore in which types of waterbodies climate change is likely to exacerbate cyanobacterial blooms; whether controlling blooms and toxin concentrations requires a balanced approach of reducing not only the concentrations of phosphorus (P) but also those of nitrogen (N); how trophic and climatic changes affect health risks caused by toxic cyanobacteria. We propose the following for further discussion: (i) Climate change is likely to promote blooms in some waterbodies—not in those with low concentrations of P or N stringently limiting biomass, and more so in shallow than in stratified waterbodies. Particularly in the latter, it can work both ways—rendering conditions for cyanobacterial proliferation more favourable or less favourable. (ii) While N emissions to the environment need to be reduced for a number of reasons, controlling blooms can definitely be successful by reducing only P, provided concentrations of P can be brought down to levels sufficiently low to stringently limit biomass. Not the N:P ratio, but the absolute concentration of the limiting nutrient determines the maximum possible biomass of phytoplankton and thus of cyanobacteria. The absolute concentrations of N or P show which of the two nutrients is currently limiting biomass. N can be the nutrient of choice to reduce if achieving sufficiently low concentrations has chances of success. (iii) Where trophic and climate change cause longer, stronger and more frequent blooms, they increase risks of exposure, and health risks depend on the amount by which concentrations exceed those of current WHO cyanotoxin guideline values for the respective exposure situation. Where trophic change reduces phytoplankton biomass in the epilimnion, thus increasing transparency, cyanobacterial species composition may shift to those that reside on benthic surfaces or in the metalimnion, changing risks of exposure. We conclude that studying how environmental changes affect the genotype composition of cyanobacterial populations is a relatively new and exciting research field, holding promises for understanding the biological function of the wide range of metabolites found in cyanobacteria, of which only a small fraction is toxic to humans. Overall, management needs case-by-case assessments focusing on the impacts of environmental change on the respective waterbody, rather than generalisations.
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Hu L, Shan K, Huang L, Li Y, Zhao L, Zhou Q, Song L. Environmental factors associated with cyanobacterial assemblages in a mesotrophic subtropical plateau lake: A focus on bloom toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146052. [PMID: 33677307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms caused by cyanobacteria have been increasing in frequency worldwide. However, the main environmental drivers of this change are often difficult to identify because of the effects of the interaction between eutrophication and climate change. Recently, filamentous N2-fixing cyanobacteria and non-diazotrophic Microcystis have been observed to be co-existing and undergoing succession in some eutrophic lakes. However, the succession patterns of dominant cyanobacteria and the factors driving this in mesotrophic lakes are not well understood. We hypothesized that the changes in cyanobacterial assemblages in mesotrophic lakes could result in a relatively high risks of toxic blooms, and that these changes are associated with the global climatic changes. We tested these hypotheses using data from the subtropical mesotrophic Lake Erhai. We found that the high spatiotemporal variability in the cyanobacterial community, and the increase in biomass were driven primarily by the growth of bloom-forming cyanobacterial taxa. Species-specific biomasses were related to a different environmental stressor; increases in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were statistically associated with an increase of Microcystis biomass, whereas increases in surface water temperature favored higher biomass of Pseudanabaena at low transparency and high concentration of phosphorus. In addition, low nitrogen- to- phosphorus ratios were identified as potential determinants of the abundance of N2-fixing Dolichospermum. Furthermore, changes in the concentration of DOC, total nitrogen, pH and water transparency levels were found to affect the composition of Microcystis morphotypes and genotypes mostly. This study highlights that the toxic to non-toxic Microcystis ratio might increase with the water darkening and browning (which occurs in many subtropical plateau lakes). Lake management strategies, therefore, need to consider the toxicity of cyanobacterial assemblages in mesotrophic lakes over the intensity of the cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Organism Resources and Environmental Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kun Shan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Licheng Huang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed, Yunnan Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Yuanrui Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qichao Zhou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed, Yunnan Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming 650034, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Lirong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Wu X, Viner-Mozzini Y, Jia Y, Song L, Sukenik A. Alkyltrimethylammonium (ATMA) surfactants as cyanocides - Effects on photosynthesis and growth of cyanobacteria. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129778. [PMID: 33548640 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and their toxins present potential hazard to consumers of water from lakes, reservoirs and rivers, thus their removal via water treatment or at the source, is essential. Here, we report that alkyltrimethylammonium (ATMA) surfactants, such as octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA) bromide, act as cyanocides that efficiently inhibit photosynthesis and growth of cyanobacteria. Green algae were found less sensitive than cyanobacteria to ATMA compounds. Fluorescence measurements and microscopic observations demonstrated that cyanobacteria cells (Aphanizomenon or Microcystis) disintegrate and lose their metabolic activity (photosynthesis) upon exposure to ATMA bromides (estimated ED50(1hr) ranged between 1.5 and 7 μM for ODTMA-Br or hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) bromide). Other ATMA compounds, such as tetradecyltrimethylammonium (TDTMA) or dodecyltrimethylammonium (DDTMA) bromides had similar inhibitory effect but their toxicity to cyanobacteria (measured as ED50(1hr) for photosynthetic efficiency) decreased, as the length of the alkyl chain decreased. All ATMA compounds used in this study showed lower toxicity to green algae than to cyanobacteria. A toxicity mechanism for ATMA cations is proposed, based on real time fluorescence signals and on alteration of cell ultra-structure revealed by electron microscopy. The present study sheds light on the toxic effect of ATMA surfactants on cyanobacteria and its potential application for controlling the occurrence of cyanobacterial bloom in lakes, reservoirs or rivers to secure the safety of drinking water and to mitigate and manage bloom events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Wu
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, P.O.Box 447, Migdal, 14950, Israel; Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yehudit Viner-Mozzini
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, P.O.Box 447, Migdal, 14950, Israel
| | - Yunlu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lirong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Assaf Sukenik
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, P.O.Box 447, Migdal, 14950, Israel.
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