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Drouin O, Sharifi M, Gerber M, Horan C, Orav EJ, Marshall R, Taveras EM. Parents' Willingness to Pay for Pediatric Weight Management Programs. Acad Pediatr 2019; 19:764-772. [PMID: 31128381 PMCID: PMC6731996 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2019.05.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine parents' interest in continuing and willingness to pay (WTP) for 2 pediatric weight management programs following their participation. METHODS Participants were parents of 2- to 12-year-old children with body mass index ≥ 85th percentile who participated in the Connect for Health trial. One group received enhanced primary care (EPC) and the other received EPC plus individualized coaching (EPC+C). At 1 year, we assessed parents' self-reported WTP for a similar program and the maximum amount ($/month) they would pay. We used multivariable regression to examine differences in WTP and WTP amount by intervention arm and by individual and family-level factors. RESULTS Of 638 parents who completed the survey, 85% were interested in continuing and 38% of those parents were willing to pay (31% in the EPC group and 45% in the EPC+C group). The median amount parents were willing to pay was $25/month (interquartile range, $15-$50). In multivariable models, the EPC+C parents were more likely to endorse WTP than the EPC parents (odds ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.22). Parents of children with Hispanic/Latino versus white ethnicity and those reporting higher satisfaction with the program were also more likely to endorse WTP. CONCLUSIONS Most parents of children in a weight management program were interested in continuing it after it ended, but fewer were willing to pay out of pocket for it. A greater proportion of parents were willing to pay if the program included individualized health coaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Drouin
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard-wide Pediatric Health Services Research Fellowship, Boston, MA, USA,Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mona Sharifi
- Section of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Monica Gerber
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Horan
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E. John Orav
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elsie M. Taveras
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard-wide Pediatric Health Services Research Fellowship, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, MA, USA
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Fang P, Yu M, Min W, Han S, Shi M, Zhang Z, Bo P. Beneficial effect of baicalin on insulin sensitivity in adipocytes of diet-induced obese mice. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018. [PMID: 29526684 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although baicalin has been shown to increase glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle of mice, there is no literature available about the effect of baicalin on insulin sensitivity in adipocytes of diet-induced obese mice. METHODS In the present study, diet-induced obese mice were given 50 mg/kg baicalin intraperitoneally (i.p.) once a day for 21 days, and 3T3-L1 cells were treated with 100, 200, 400 μM baicalin for 3 h. Then insulin resistance indexes and insulin signal protein levels were examined to elucidate whether baicalin increased glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes of diet-induced obese mice. RESULTS The present findings showed that administration of baicalin decreased food intake, body weight, HOMA-IR and p-p38 MAPK and pERK levels, but enhanced pAKT and PGC-1α contents, as well as GLUT4 mRNA, PGC-1α mRNA expression in adipocytes, and reversed high fat diet-induced glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. Moreover, baicalin treatment increased GLUT4 concentration in plasma membranes of adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that baicalin accelerated GLUT4 translocation from intracellular membrane compartments to plasma membranes in adipocytes. Baicalin plays a significant role in elevation of glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity to promote glucose clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Fang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Wen Min
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Shiyu Han
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Mingyi Shi
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China.
| | - Ping Bo
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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Fang P, Yu M, Zhang L, Wan D, Shi M, Zhu Y, Bo P, Zhang Z. Baicalin against obesity and insulin resistance through activation of AKT/AS160/GLUT4 pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 448:77-86. [PMID: 28359800 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity may cause several metabolic complications, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite great advances in medicine, people still keep exploring novel and effective drugs for treatment of obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to survey if baicalin might ameliorate obesity-induced insulin resistance and to explore its signal mechanisms in skeletal muscles of mice. Diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were given 50 mg/kg baicalin intraperitoneally (i.p.) once a day for 21 days, and C2C12 myotubes were treated with 100, 200, 400 μM baicalin for 12 h in this study. Then insulin resistance indexes and insulin signal protein levels in skeletal muscles were examined. We discovered that administration of baicalin decreased food intake, body weight, HOMA-IR and NT-PGC-1α levels, but enhanced GLUT4, PGC-1α, pP38MAPK, pAKT and pAS160 contents, as well as GLUT4 mRNA, PGC-1α mRNA, PPARγ mRNA, GLUT1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscles of obese mice and myotubes of C2C12 cells, and reversed high fat diet-induced glucose and insulin intolerance, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in the mice. These results suggest that baicalin is a powerful and promising agent for treatment of obesity and insulin resistance via Akt/AS160/GLUT4 and P38MAPK/PGC1α/GLUT4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Mingyi Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Ping Bo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.
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Sueki H. The relationship between attitudes toward suicide and willingness to pay for suicide prevention: a cross-sectional study in Japan. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2016; 22:1072-1081. [PMID: 28013548 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2016.1274409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There are gaps in our knowledge of the role attitudes toward suicide play in determining people's willingness to participate (WTP) for suicide prevention. We conducted a large nationwide cross-sectional study with the aim of clarifying the relationship between WTP for reducing suicide risk and attitudes toward suicide. Ordinal logistic regression analyses (n = 1771) showed that there were significant associations of WTP for suicide prevention with 'Suicide as a right' (β = -.15, 95% CI: -.25 to -.04, p = .006), 'Preventability/readiness to help' (β = .81, 95% CI: .69-.94, p < .001) and 'Common occurrence' (β = .32, 95% CI: .19-.46, p < .001). 'Incomprehensibility/unpredictability' did not show an association with WTP. Taxpayer acceptance for suicide prevention is more likely to be achieved through provision of information that increases endorsement of 'preventability/readiness to help' and 'common occurrence' factors, and decreases 'suicide as a right' scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Sueki
- a Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology and Education , Wako University , Tokyo , Japan
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Jain P, Røstbjerg AS, Haase CL, Rhee NA. Weight loss experiences and willingness to intervention with pharmacotherapy among obese and very obese Danish people. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2016; 44:201-7. [PMID: 27254773 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2016.1193425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is a growing issue with increasing impact on healthcare budgets, yet very little is known about weight loss experiences of people with body mass index (BMI)≥30kg/m(2) and their willingness to try and pay for weight loss interventions (WLI). The objective of this survey was to gather knowledge about weight loss experiences among obese and severely obese people. METHODS 1,003 Danish people >18 years of age with BMI≥30 who wanted to lose weight completed an online survey. Data included demographics, experience with WLI, awareness of anti-obesity medication (AOM), and willingness to try and pay for WLI including AOM. RESULTS Respondents had been trying to lose weight for several years (medium [25% percentile;75% percentile]);5.1[2.0;10.3] years (BMI 30-35) and 10.0 [5.0;20.0] (very obese (BMI>35) with co-morbidities (OWC). The desired weight loss was 20.0 [15.0;25.0] kg (BMI 30-35) and 35.0 [28.0;47.5] kg (OWC). Independent of educational level and gender, health concern was the main incentive for weight loss. Several WLI had been tried repeatedly, yet 60% of respondents with BMI 30-35 and 50% of the OWC were unaware of AOM. Among those who had tried AOM, side effects and lack of effectiveness were the main reasons to stop. 50-73% were willing to try AOM dependent on expected weight loss. Willingness to try and pay for new AOM was strongest for the OWC. CONCLUSION Respondents had made repeated attempts for up to a decade to lose weight, yet remained far from their ideal weight. They had spent a substantial amount of money on WLI, had limited information of AOM, and indicated a desire for increased professional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavika Jain
- a Novo Nordisk Scandinavia AB , Copenhagen , Denmark
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6
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Jerome GJ, Alavi R, Daumit GL, Wang NY, Durkin N, Yeh HC, Clark JM, Dalcin A, Coughlin JW, Charleston J, Louis TA, Appel LJ. Willingness to pay for continued delivery of a lifestyle-based weight loss program: The Hopkins POWER trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:282-5. [PMID: 25557807 PMCID: PMC4310798 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In behavioral studies of weight loss programs, participants typically receive interventions free of charge. Understanding an individual's willingness to pay (WTP) for weight loss programs could be helpful when evaluating potential funding models. This study assessed WTP for the continuation of a weight loss program at the end of a weight loss study. METHODS WTP was assessed with monthly coaching contacts at the end of the two-year Hopkins POWER trial. Interview-administered questionnaires determined the amount participants were willing to pay for continued intervention. Estimated maximum payment was calculated among those willing to pay and was based on quantile regression adjusted for age, body mass index, race, sex, household income, treatment condition, and weight change at 24 months. RESULTS Among the participants (N=234), 95% were willing to pay for continued weight loss intervention; the adjusted median payment was $45 per month. Blacks had a higher adjusted median WTP ($65/month) compared to Non-Blacks ($45/month), P=0.021. CONCLUSIONS A majority of participants were willing to pay for a continued weight loss intervention with a median monthly amount that was similar to the cost of commercial weight loss programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Jerome
- Department of Kinesiology, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Fang P, Yu M, Guo L, Bo P, Zhang Z, Shi M. Galanin and its receptors: a novel strategy for appetite control and obesity therapy. Peptides 2012; 36:331-9. [PMID: 22664322 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The rapid increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity is becoming an important health problem. Overweight and obesity may cause several metabolic complications, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, high cholesterol, coronary artery disease as well as hypertension. Prevention and treatment of obesity will benefit the treatment of these related diseases. Current strategies for treatment of obesity are not adequately effective and are frequently companied with many side effects. Thus, new ways to treat obesity are urgently needed. Galanin is undoubtedly involved in the regulation of food intake and body weight. The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date knowledge concerning the roles of central and peripheral galanin as well as its receptors in the regulation of metabolism, obesity and appetite. We also highlight the mechanisms of galanin and its receptors in experimental obesity, trying to establish a novel anti-obesity strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Fang
- Department of Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Jendle J, Torffvit O, Ridderstråle M, Ericsson Å, Nilsen B, Bøgelund M. Willingness to pay for diabetes drug therapy in type 2 diabetes patients: based on LEAD clinical programme results. J Med Econ 2012; 15 Suppl 2:1-5. [PMID: 22853443 DOI: 10.3111/13696998.2012.703633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the preferences of people with diabetes for liraglutide vs other glucose lowering drugs, based on outcomes of clinical trials. METHODS Willingness to pay (WTP) for diabetes drug treatment was assessed by combining results from a recent WTP study with analysis of results from the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD) programme. The LEAD programme included six randomised clinical trials with 3967 participants analysing efficacy and safety of liraglutide 1.2 mg (LEAD 1-6 trials), rosiglitazone (LEAD 1 trial), glimepiride (LEAD 2-3 trials), insulin glargine (LEAD 5 trial), and exenatide (LEAD 6 trial). The WTP survey used discrete choice experimental (DCE) methodology to evaluate the convenience and clinical effects of glucose lowering treatments. RESULTS People with type 2 diabetes were prepared to pay an extra €2.64/day for liraglutide compared with rosiglitazone, an extra €1.94/day compared with glimepiride, an extra €3.36/day compared with insulin glargine, and an extra €0.81/day compared with exenatide. Weight loss was the largest component of WTP for liraglutide compared with rosiglitazone, glimepiride, and insulin glargine. Differences in the administration of the two drugs was the largest component of WTP for liraglutide (once daily anytime) compared with exenatide (twice daily with meals). A limitation of the study was that it was based on six clinical trials where liraglutide was the test drug, but each trial had a different comparator, therefore the clinical effects of liraglutide were much better documented than the comparators. CONCLUSIONS WTP analyses of the clinical results from the LEAD programme suggested that participants with type 2 diabetes were willing to pay appreciably more for liraglutide than other glucose lowering treatments. This was driven by the relative advantage of weight loss compared with rosiglitazone, glimepiride, and insulin glargine, and administration frequency compared with exenatide.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jendle
- Endocrine and Diabetes Centre, Karlstad Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden.
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Khawali C, Ferraz MB, Zanella MT, Ferreira SRG. Willingness to pay as patient preference to bariatric surgery. Health Expect 2011; 17:73-81. [PMID: 22070389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2011.00738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An obesity epidemic is spreading worldwide. In addition to comorbidities, social and emotional problems contribute to reduce the quality of life (QoL) of obese people. Considering the heterogeneity of outcomes from clinical and surgical approaches, it is recommended that severely obese patients participate in their treatment decisions. This study evaluated preferences of severely obese patients for obesity surgical treatment using the willingness to pay (WTP) and to assess the impact of the presence of some clinical disorders, socioeconomic conditions and QoL on their decisions. METHODS The selected patients were invited to answer the WTP questionnaire using two formats of contingent valuation questions: dichotomous choice (yes/no) and a bidding game. The answers were correlated with clinical features, QoL assessed by the SF-36 and the Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life Questionnaire II, Brazilian socioeconomic classification, and family and personal incomes. RESULTS The group of patients who accepted the first bid was older and had higher frequency of sleep apnoea when compared to those who rejected the offer. A significant correlation between the bidding game value and family income was found (r = 0.28; P < 0.02). In the logistic regression model, socioeconomic classification and sleep apnoea were shown to be independently associated with acceptance the bid. CONCLUSIONS Sleep apnoea was the comorbidity that most influenced the acceptance in dichotomous choice for bariatric surgery, probably due to the deleterious effects on daily activities induced by sleep disturbances. Our findings also suggest that the frequency of surgical procedures is below the preference of the obese population in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Khawali
- Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São PauloInternal Medicine Department, São Paulo Center for Health Economics, Federal University of São Paulo, São PauloDivision of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São PauloNutrition Department, School of Public Health University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bøgelund M, Vilsbøll T, Faber J, Henriksen JE, Gjesing RP, Lammert M. Patient preferences for diabetes management among people with type 2 diabetes in Denmark - a discrete choice experiment. Curr Med Res Opin 2011; 27:2175-83. [PMID: 21981417 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2011.625404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study patient preferences for diabetes-treatment related attributes among people with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were recruited from three diabetes out-patient clinics and two general practitioner surgeries. Data were collected electronically and results were analysed using a standard statistical model designed for choice sets (conditional logit). Six characteristics relating to treatment of diabetes were examined: glycated haemoglobin level (HbA(1c)), weight (gain or loss), hypoglycaemic events, need for injections, transient nausea and need for blood glucose testing. RESULTS Two hundred and seventy participants with type 2 diabetes (178 males; 92 females) were included. Patients placed the most value on losing weight and were willing to pay the most to lose 6 kg of weight. Loss of 3 kg of weight was the next highly valued, followed by dropping one percentage point in HbA(1c) level. Avoidance of nausea and a reduction in hypoglycaemic events from two per month to none was also highly valued. Patients were willing to accept one injection per day if they, for instance, simultaneously lost 1.4 kg. A limitation of the study is that the survey was web-based and response rates for such surveys can be extremely variable. CONCLUSION Patients with type 2 diabetes in Denmark were willing to pay for the health benefits associated with improved diabetes treatment, the most important of these being weight loss or avoidance of weight gain, and reduction of HbA(1c) and of hypoglycaemic events.
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Bouvy J, Weemers J, Schellekens H, Koopmanschap M. Willingness to pay for adverse drug event regulatory actions. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2011; 29:963-75. [PMID: 21910513 DOI: 10.2165/11539860-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory requirements for the pharmaceutical industry have become increasingly demanding with respect to the safety and effectiveness of drugs. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the willingness to pay (WTP), of both the Dutch general public and dialysis patients, for regulatory requirements related to reducing the risk of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) associated with epoetin alpha use. METHODS A survey was carried out in April 2009. The Dutch general public (n = 422) was approached through a survey sampling agency. Patients (n = 112) were included through several Dutch dialysis clinics because they are often treated with epoetin alpha and therefore were expected to have a higher WTP than the general public. The survey aimed to determine the WTP for reducing the risk of PRCA in epoetin alpha users from 4.5 to 0 per 10 000 patients per year, based on regulatory actions that have been taken by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). WTP was determined via a payment scale and an open-ended follow-up question. Patients were asked how much extra per year they would be willing to pay for their basic healthcare insurance. We used two censored regression models to test the association between WTP and a set of independent variables: a Tobit model with the stated WTP as the dependent variable and an interval regression model with the interval between the lower and upper bounds of the payment scale as the dependent variable. RESULTS The patients' mean WTP was significantly higher (€46.52) than that of the general public (€24.40). The Tobit model showed significant associations (α = 0.05) with WTP for dialysis patients, risk perception and respondents' opinions on costs of healthcare. The interval regression model showed significant associations with WTP for the same variables as the Tobit model and for one additional variable (risk aversion). Income did not significantly affect WTP. A scenario with a 10-fold larger risk reduction did not increase WTP significantly. CONCLUSION This study is, as far as we know, one of the first attempts to analyse the WTP for drug regulation and should in future be used in studies of the societal costs of drug regulation for epoetin alpha use. Our results indicate that the Dutch general public, especially Dutch dialysis patients, are willing to pay limited amounts to reduce the risk of serious adverse events associated with drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacoline Bouvy
- Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Department of Health Policy and Management (iBMG), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Gartoulla P, Liabsuetrakul T, Pradhan N. Change in willingness to pay for normal delivery and caesarean section during pregnancy and after delivery in Kathmandu. Trop Med Int Health 2010; 15:1227-34. [PMID: 20831674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY OBJECTIVES To determine the change in willingness to pay (WTP) measured at pregnancy and at postpartum before and after knowing hospital costs among women who gave birth by normal delivery (NL) and caesarean section (CS) and to identify factors affecting the change in WTP. METHODS A prospective study was conducted from May to August 2009 at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. WTP for total costs was measured by double-bound dichotomous contingent valuation and an open-ended technique. The trend of WTP over time was tested using longitudinal analysis. Associated factors to the positive or negative change in WTP were analysed by logistic regression. RESULTS Of 438 pregnant women followed up both at pregnancy and postpartum, two-thirds were willing to pay for services at the initial bid of the double-bound method by $60-$85 for NL and $110-$170 for CS. There were no significant differences in the median WTP measured during pregnancy between NL and CS. The WTP of both groups changed significantly over time (P < 0.001). Caesarean section, perception of good care, information provided on delivery costs and discussion with family about cost were significantly associated with changes from pregnancy to the postpartum period. CONCLUSIONS In low-income countries such as Nepal, where out-of-pocket health care expenditures are common, women perceived the health benefit of delivery care in hospital, especially for emergency CS. Their WTP had changed substantially after delivery, and awareness of the associated factors is essential for further policy and planning to improve the services and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Gartoulla
- Nepal Institute of Health Sciences, Purbanchal University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Jendle J, Torffvit O, Ridderstråle M, Lammert M, Ericsson A, Bøgelund M. Willingness to pay for health improvements associated with anti-diabetes treatments for people with type 2 diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 2010; 26:917-23. [PMID: 20163195 DOI: 10.1185/03007991003657867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the most important consequences of diabetes medication, as measured by the patients' willingness to pay (WTP). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS People in Sweden were recruited using existing nationwide e-mail panels if they were adults (>or=18 years) with type 2 diabetes and were receiving pharmacological anti-diabetes treatment(s). Data were collected electronically and results were analysed using a standard statistical model designed for choice games (conditional logit). Six characteristics relating to treatment of diabetes were examined: weight (gain or loss), mean glycated haemoglobin level (HbA(1c)), hypoglycaemic events, nausea, need for injections (with or independently of meals), and blood glucose testing. RESULTS A total of 461 people with type 2 diabetes (291 males; 170 females) completed an internet questionnaire and were eligible for inclusion. Participants placed high value on weight loss and nausea avoidance; they would pay 176 Swedish Krona (SEK)/euro15.61 per month to lose 1 kg, and would pay SEK 560 (euro49.67) per month to avoid nausea completely. Patients wanting to reduce the number of hypoglycaemic events from three per month to none were willing to pay SEK 419 (euro37.17) per month. Patients valued a 1 percentage point reduction in HbA(1c) at SEK 414 (euro36.72) per month. Participants preferred taking tablets to injections and required a compensation of SEK 376 (euro33.35) to accept one injection/day. Injections independent of meals were preferred to injections with meals (WTP: SEK 140/euro12.42 per month). Potential limitations of this study are that the preferences expressed may not match preferences in real-life situations, and bias through the use of electronic questionnaire, which restricted participation to those with access to, and experience with, the internet. CONCLUSION People with type 2 diabetes were willing to pay a considerable amount of money each month to lose weight, reduce or avoid hypoglycaemic events and reduce HbA(1C).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jendle
- Endocrine and Diabetes Centre, Karlstad Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden.
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