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Terrana A, Al-Delaimy W. A systematic review of cross-cultural measures of resilience and its promotive and protective factors. Transcult Psychiatry 2023; 60:733-750. [PMID: 37097913 PMCID: PMC10504813 DOI: 10.1177/13634615231167661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
As psychological resilience has been increasingly recognized as contextually constructed, mixed methods studies that map out local ecologies of resilience have become increasingly common. However, the direct adaptation of quantitative tools for cross-cultural use based on qualitative findings has been relatively lacking. The current review aims to provide an overview of existing measures of resilience used cross-culturally and to synthesize the protective and promotive factors and processes (PPFP) of resilience identified within these measures into a single resource. A January 2021 search of PubMed for studies of the development of psychological resilience measures that excluded studies of non-psychological resilience yielded 58 unique measures. These measures contain 54 unique PPFP of resilience, ranging from individual to communal-level characteristics. This review is intended to serve as a complementary tool for adapting standardized measures for stakeholders requiring an assessment tool that is attuned to their context for mental health risk assessment and intervention evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Terrana
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Wael Al-Delaimy
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego
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Artuch-Garde R, González-Torres MDC, Martínez-Vicente JM, Peralta-Sánchez FJ, Fuente-Arias JDL. Validation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-28 (CYRM-28) among Spanish youth. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09713. [PMID: 35789873 PMCID: PMC9249678 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This article presents a validation study of the 28-item Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28). The sample contained 365 Spanish youth ages between 15 to 21, from Navarre (Spain), all of them enrolled in Initial Vocational Qualification Programs. Method The CYRM-28 was administered to students from 27 secondary schools in the province of Navarre. Confirmatory analyses were conducted. Results The structure of the original scale was confirmed, as well as acceptable psychometric properties. Discussion Findings add support to the CYRM-28 as a reliable and valid self-report instrument that measures three components of resilience processes in the lives of youth with complex needs. The CYRM-28 shows adequate psychometric properties, the CFA presents indices of goodness and fit (Chi-squared = 60,170, df = 17, p < .001; CFI = .960, TLI = .934, IFI = .961, RFI = .911 and NFI = .946; RMSEA = .084). Conclusion Advanced statistical modeling yielded evidence that the scale, originally developed for use in several countries, can be used to assess resilience in Spanish youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Artuch-Garde
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
- UNED-Pamplona, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
- Corresponding author.
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Waters L, Allen KA, Arslan G. Stress-Related Growth in Adolescents Returning to School After COVID-19 School Closure. Front Psychol 2021; 12:643443. [PMID: 34093323 PMCID: PMC8174561 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The move to remote learning during COVID-19 has impacted billions of students. While research shows that school closure, and the pandemic more generally, has led to student distress, the possibility that these disruptions can also prompt growth in is a worthwhile question to investigate. The current study examined stress-related growth (SRG) in a sample of students returning to campus after a period of COVID-19 remote learning (n = 404, age = 13-18). The degree to which well-being skills were taught at school (i.e., positive education) before the COVID-19 outbreak and student levels of SRG upon returning to campus was tested via structural equation modeling. Positive reappraisal, emotional processing, and strengths use in students were examined as mediators. The model provided a good fit [χ 2 = 5.37, df = 3, p = 0.146, RMSEA = 0.044 (90% CI = 0.00-0.10), SRMR = 0.012, CFI = 99, TLI = 0.99] with 56% of the variance in SRG explained. Positive education explained 15% of the variance in cognitive reappraisal, 7% in emotional processing, and 16% in student strengths use during remote learning. The results are discussed using a positive education paradigm with implications for teaching well-being skills at school to foster growth through adversity and assist in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Waters
- Centre for Positive Psychology, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly-Ann Allen
- Centre for Positive Psychology, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counselling and Guidance, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- International Network on Personal Meaning, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Nazari N, Zekiy AO, Feng LS, Griffiths MD. Psychometric Validation of the Persian Version of the COVID-19-Related Psychological Distress Scale and Association with COVID-19 Fear, COVID-19 Anxiety, Optimism, and Lack of Resilience. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 20:2665-2680. [PMID: 34007255 PMCID: PMC8121017 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global health crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused psychological distress, both in infected and uninfected individuals. The present study evaluated the validity and factor structure of the COVID-19-Related Psychological Distress Scale (CORPDS) among the general public of the Persian-speaking population. The original version of the CORPDS was translated and back-translated into Persian, followed by a pilot study. A total sample (n = 623) completed an online survey including the CORPDS, Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The Persian CORPDS had very good internal consistency and moderate test-retest reliability after 4 weeks. Maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test construct validity (χ2/df = 2.39, CFI = 0.95, SRMR = 0.046, PCLOSE = 0.67 > 0.05, RMSEA = 0.047, 90% CI [0.038, 0.056]). Measurement invariance was performed across gender, including configural invariance, metric invariance, scalar invariance, and error variance invariance, and yielded further support for the two-factor structure of the CORPDS. The CORPDS correlated with the score on the K10 (r = 0.46, p < 0.01, 95% CI [0.43, 0.48]), CAS (r = 0.43, p < 0.01, 95% CI [0.37, 0.45]), FCV-19S (r = 0.29, p < 0.01, 95% CI [0.27, 0.32]), LOT-R (r = - 0.19, p < 0.01, 95% CI [- 0.15, - 0.24]) and BRS (r = - 0.56, p < 0.01, 95% CI [- 0.50, - 0.61]). Resilience was associated with lower psychological distress (β = - 0.54, SE = 0.05, p < 0.001). The findings provide evidence that CORPDS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing psychological distress generated by COVID-19 among a healthy Persian-speaking population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Nazari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Angelina Olegovna Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lin-Sen Feng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, (The People’s Hospital of Yuxi City), Yuxi, Yunnan China
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Arslan G, Allen KA. Exploring the association between coronavirus stress, meaning in life, psychological flexibility, and subjective well-being. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:803-814. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1876892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- International Network on Personal Meaning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly-Ann Allen
- Educational Psychology and Inclusive Education, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Positive Psychology, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Parkville, Australia
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Heidari M, Heidari S, Jafari H. The challenges of Iranian health system preparedness before earthquakes based on the World Health Organization framework. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2020; 9:273. [PMID: 33282978 PMCID: PMC7709758 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_746_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The state of health-care disaster preparedness in Iran prior to the possible earthquakes is not well documented. This study identified the challenges of the Iranian health system before possible earthquakes in Tehran based on the World Health Organization (WHO) framework. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this qualitative study, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted for 17 health experts and authorities, who were selected based on purposive sampling method. The questions were designed based on the proposed framework of the WHO in six areas including policies and planning, communication, collaboration and coordination, training, volunteers and the public, and surge capability. The data were analyzed by using framework analysis. RESULTS The main themes included weak communication infrastructures, inappropriate assessment of specialized training courses and lack of a clear scenario, integrated urban commanding, extra-sectorial coordination, and data banks for public volunteers. CONCLUSION Iran health-care disaster preparedness was tested by many earthquakes. This research showed that disaster preparedness in Iran faces several challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heidari
- Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samaneh Heidari
- Trauma and Injury Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Hamid Jafari
- PhD in Health in Emergency and Disaster, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
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Shamsalinia A, Moradi M, Farahani MA, Masoudi R, Ghadimi R, Rad RE, Ghaletaki GZ, Ghaffari F. Designing and psychometric evaluation of disease-related fear scale (D-RFS) in adults with epilepsy: A sequential exploratory mixed methods design. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 110:107169. [PMID: 32504981 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease-related fear is one of the important diagnoses of healthcare providers in caring for people with epilepsy whose conceptual dimensions should be discovered and investigated. To this end, it is necessary to provide healthcare providers with appropriate tools to assess fears related to the disease in accordance with the sociocultural milieu of each community. AIM The purpose of this study was to design and psychometrically evaluate the disease-related fear scale (D-RFS) in adults with epilepsy. METHODS This study was of a sequential exploratory mixed methods design conducted in Iran in 2019. In the item generation phase, inductive (face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with 14 adult patients with epilepsy) and deductive (literature review) were used. In the item reduction, integration of qualitative and literature reviews and scale evaluation were performed. For the scale evaluation, face validity, content validity, construct validity [exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 367) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 250)], and convergent and divergent validity and reliability (internal consistency and stability) were investigated. RESULTS After the qualitative phase and literature review, 40 items were codified. After investigation of the qualitative and quantitative face validity, 7 items were deleted. Two items were deleted due to content validity ratio (CVR) of less than 0.56 and one item due to content validity index (CVI) of less than 0.78. Finally, a 30-item scale was obtained, and its construct validity was assessed. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index was 0.85, and Bartlett's test of sphericity was 7237.504, P < 0. 001. The results of CFA showed that the bivariate model of the D-RFS (fear of seizure consequences and fear of the disease's long-term consequences) had the most appropriate fitness to the data. Convergent and divergent validity results showed that the values of composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE) for the two factors were greater than 0.7 and 0.5, respectively, and the AVE for each factor was greater than CR. Internal consistency of the first and second factors were obtained 0.891 and 0.910, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was obtained 0.921. The results of test-retest reliability showed that there was a significant agreement between the scores of the test and retest (P < .001). CONCLUSION The D-RFS has an acceptable factorial structure, and its internal consistency was confirmed by different approaches. This scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing disease-related fear in patients with epilepsy. The simplicity of the items and the appropriate time to complete the scale can be considered as its strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shamsalinia
- Nursing Care Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani
- Nursing Care Research Center (NCRC), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Masoudi
- Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Department of Adult and Geriatric Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Shahr-e-Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran
| | - Reza Ghadimi
- Social Determinants of Health Research center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Ebrahimi Rad
- Department of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Zamani Ghaletaki
- Pediatrics Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iranian Epilepsy Association Board, Tehran, I.R., Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffari
- Nursing Care Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Amini-Tehrani M, Nasiri M, Sadeghi R, Hoseini ES, Jalali T, Zamanian H. Social-Ecological measure of resilience: an adapted measure for Persian-speaking university students. Health Promot Perspect 2020; 10:207-219. [PMID: 32802757 PMCID: PMC7420169 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2020.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is no validated instrument for Persian-speaking students to apply the social-ecological resilience theory (SERT), which emphasizes the ecological resources for developing resilience. The study aimed at developing the student social-ecological resilience measure(Student-SERM) in Iran’s context. Methods: Three separate samples of undergraduates participated in this mixed-methods research from the University of Tehran, Iran. Phase-1 qualitatively explored the resilience features in the university setting, to devise the university-specific subscale (USS). Phase-2piloted the construct validity and reliability of the Student-SERM in 242 undergraduates, who also completed Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Phase-3, as a cross-validation study, investigated 487 undergraduates, who completed the refined Student-SERM, HospitalAnxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and three indices screening academic performance, loneliness, and suicide acceptability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Pearson’s correlation, and Cronbach’s alpha were performed. Results: Phase-1 yielded nine items for USS. In phase-2, EFA indicated the construct validity of the main 20-item measure (RMSEA=0.06 and SRMR=0.04) and the nine-item USS (RMSEA=0.07and SRMR =0.04), and the reliability and convergent/divergent validity were confirmed. In phase-3, EFA (RMSEA=0.07 and SRMR=0.04) and CFA (RMSEA=0.07, CFI=0.89, TLI=0.87,and SRMR=0.07) in two separate subsamples and CFA (RMSEA=0.06, CFI=0.92, TLI=0.90,and SRMR=0.06) in the total sample indicated the construct validity of the refined Student-SERM, including family, peer, culture, growth, and USS subscales. The reliability and convergent/divergent validity were also reconfirmed. Conclusion: The Student-SERM incorporates ecological resources, accounting for the students’resilience. Since the resilience process involves a return to healthy functioning after adversity, further research can examine the application of Student-SERM in high-risk student populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Amini-Tehrani
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Health Psychology and Behavior Medicine Research Group, Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasiri
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Sadeghi
- Health Psychology and Behavior Medicine Research Group, Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe-Sadat Hoseini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tina Jalali
- Health Psychology and Behavior Medicine Research Group, Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Zamanian
- School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.,Health Psychology and Behavior Medicine Research Group, Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hasan Tehrani T, Ebadi A, Mokhtari Z, Ghanei Gheshlagh R. Psychometric Properties Of The Persian Version Of The Uncivil Behavior In Clinical Nursing Education Among Nursing Students. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2019; 10:869-875. [PMID: 31802963 PMCID: PMC6801492 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s225681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some clinical staff nurses show unprofessional behavior toward nursing students in clinical nursing education that can negatively affect their self-esteem and professionally. Examination of uncivil behavior toward nursing students requires a valid and reliable instrument. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Uncivil Behavior in Clinical Nursing Education (UBCNE) among nursing students. METHODS In this methodological study, a total of 558 nursing students participated who were selected using a convenience sampling method, and were asked to complete the Persian version of the UBCNE. The UBCNE was translated based on the WHO guidelines. The face, content, and construct (using explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis) validities were assessed. In addition, internal consistency was assessed using the McDonald's omega and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and stability was assessed using the test-retest method. RESULTS Explanatory factor analysis led to two factors, including Dismissive Behavior and Exclusionary Behavior that together explained 62.1% of the total variance of uncivil behavior. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the comparative and parsimonious fit indices were very good, but the absolute fit indices were poor (RMSEA=0.116, GFI=0.98, NFI=0.97, AFGI=0.83, PNFI=0.78). Reliability of the UBCNE was found to be 0.93 and 0.97, using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the test-retest method, respectively. CONCLUSION The two-factor structure of the UBCNE has good validity and reliability among nursing students. Therefore, it can be used to assess civil behavior in clinical nursing education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Hasan Tehrani
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Teheran, Iran
- Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mokhtari
- School of Nursing Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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