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Attia JVD, Dessens CE, van de Water R, Houvast RD, Kuppen PJK, Krijgsman D. The Molecular and Functional Characteristics of HLA-G and the Interaction with Its Receptors: Where to Intervene for Cancer Immunotherapy? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228678. [PMID: 33213057 PMCID: PMC7698525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) mediates maternal-fetal immune tolerance. It is also considered an immune checkpoint in cancer since it may mediate immune evasion and thus promote tumor growth. HLA-G is, therefore, a potential target for immunotherapy. However, existing monoclonal antibodies directed against HLA-G lack sufficient specificity and are not suitable for immune checkpoint inhibition in a clinical setting. For this reason, it is essential that alternative approaches are explored to block the interaction between HLA-G and its receptors. In this review, we discuss the structure and peptide presentation of HLA-G, and its interaction with the receptors Ig-like transcript (ILT) 2, ILT4, and Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL4 (KIR2DL4). Based on our findings, we propose three alternative strategies to block the interaction between HLA-G and its receptors in cancer immunotherapy: (1) prevention of HLA-G dimerization, (2) targeting the peptide-binding groove of HLA-G, and (3) targeting the HLA-G receptors. These strategies should be an important focus of future studies that aim to develop immune checkpoint inhibitors to block the interaction between HLA-G and its receptors for the treatment of cancer.
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2
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Kuroki K, Matsubara H, Kanda R, Miyashita N, Shiroishi M, Fukunaga Y, Kamishikiryo J, Fukunaga A, Fukuhara H, Hirose K, Hunt JS, Sugita Y, Kita S, Ose T, Maenaka K. Structural and Functional Basis for LILRB Immune Checkpoint Receptor Recognition of HLA-G Isoforms. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:3386-3394. [PMID: 31694909 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILR) LILRB1 and LILRB2 are immune checkpoint receptors that regulate a wide range of physiological responses by binding to diverse ligands, including HLA-G. HLA-G is exclusively expressed in the placenta, some immunoregulatory cells, and tumors and has several unique isoforms. However, the recognition of HLA-G isoforms by LILRs is poorly understood. In this study, we characterized LILR binding to the β2-microglobulin (β2m)-free HLA-G1 isoform, which is synthesized by placental trophoblast cells and tends to dimerize and multimerize. The multimerized β2m-free HLA-G1 dimer lacked detectable affinity for LILRB1, but bound strongly to LILRB2. We also determined the crystal structure of the LILRB1 and HLA-G1 complex, which adopted the typical structure of a classical HLA class I complex. LILRB1 exhibits flexible binding modes with the α3 domain, but maintains tight contacts with β2m, thus accounting for β2m-dependent binding. Notably, both LILRB1 and B2 are oriented at suitable angles to permit efficient signaling upon complex formation with HLA-G1 dimers. These structural and functional features of ligand recognition by LILRs provide novel insights into their important roles in the biological regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Kuroki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Haruki Matsubara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ryo Kanda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyashita
- RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Computational Systems Biology, Kindai University, Kinokawa 649-6493, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Shiroishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Fukunaga
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Kamishikiryo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan; and
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kaoru Hirose
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Joan S Hunt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | | | - Shunsuke Kita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Ose
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan;
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3
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Goldman-Wohl D, Gamliel M, Mandelboim O, Yagel S. Learning from experience: cellular and molecular bases for improved outcome in subsequent pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 221:183-193. [PMID: 30802436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The frequencies of preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, fetal demise, and low birthweight are lower in subsequent pregnancies. Enhanced maternal cardiovascular adaptation, shorter first and second stages of labor, and more robust lactation also have been observed in subsequent as compared with first pregnancies. We sought to investigate the cellular and molecular bases for better outcomes in subsequent pregnancies. Based on the knowledge that specialized immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface, decidual natural killer cells, promote development of the placental bed and conversion of the spiral arteries by secreting a myriad of angiogenic and growth factors, we asked whether decidual natural killer cells differ in subsequent as compared with first pregnancies. This idea stemmed from recent studies suggesting that natural killer cells, although part of the innate immune system, possess some features of adaptive immunity, including a certain type of immune cell memory, termed trained immunity. We found that decidual natural killer cells from parous women "remember pregnancy" and differ from decidual natural killer cells of primigravidae. Compared with the decidual natural killer cells of first pregnancy, these cells, that we termed pregnancy-trained decidual natural killer cells, express greater levels of the natural killer receptors NKG2C and leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1, which interact with ligands expressed on invasive trophoblasts. Furthermore, they secrete greater levels of several growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor α as well as interferon-γ, augmenting remodeling of the placental bed. We propose that this pregnancy-trained memory dwells in the epigenome, where memory of stimuli is known to persist even when the stimulus is no longer present. This epigenetic memory apparently resides in endometrial natural killer cells between pregnancies. We suggest that this trained memory, which we coined pregnancy-trained decidual natural killer cells, may be the missing link in the immune basis for enhanced subsequent pregnancy. Epigenetic memory (chromatin modification) also may afford a global explanation for additional findings of enhanced maternal cardiovascular adaptation, shorter first and second stages of labor, and more robust lactation. Understanding the molecular and cellular bases of improved outcomes of subsequent pregnancy may lead to the development of treatment modalities designed for women at high risk for pregnancy disorders originating at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Goldman-Wohl
- Magda and Richard Hoffman Center for Human Placenta Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moriya Gamliel
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Simcha Yagel
- Magda and Richard Hoffman Center for Human Placenta Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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4
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Hölzemer A, Garcia-Beltran WF, Altfeld M. Natural Killer Cell Interactions with Classical and Non-Classical Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I in HIV-1 Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1496. [PMID: 29184550 PMCID: PMC5694438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are effector lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are able to mount a multifaceted antiviral response within hours following infection. This is achieved through an array of cell surface receptors surveilling host cells for alterations in human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) expression and other ligands as signs of viral infection, malignant transformation, and cellular stress. This interaction between HLA-I ligands and NK-cell receptor is not only important for recognition of diseased cells but also mediates tuning of NK-cell-effector functions. HIV-1 alters the expression of HLA-I ligands on infected cells, rendering them susceptible to NK cell-mediated killing. However, over the past years, various HIV-1 evasion strategies have been discovered to target NK-cell-receptor ligands and allow the virus to escape from NK cell-mediated immunity. While studies have been mainly focusing on the role of polymorphic HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules, less is known about how HIV-1 affects the more conserved, non-classical HLA-I molecules HLA-E, -G, and -F. In this review, we will focus on the recent progress in understanding the role of non-classical HLA-I ligands in NK cell-mediated recognition of HIV-1-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Hölzemer
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Altfeld
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Rouas-Freiss N, Moreau P, LeMaoult J, Carosella ED. The dual role of HLA-G in cancer. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:359748. [PMID: 24800261 PMCID: PMC3995100 DOI: 10.1155/2014/359748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We here review the current data on the role of HLA-G in cancer based on recent findings of an unexpected antitumor activity of HLA-G in hematological malignancies. For the past decade, HLA-G has been described as a tumor-escape mechanism favoring cancer progression, and blocking strategies have been proposed to counteract it. Aside from these numerous studies on solid tumors, recent data showed that HLA-G inhibits the proliferation of malignant B cells due to the interaction between HLA-G and its receptor ILT2, which mediates negative signaling on B cell proliferation. These results led to the conjecture that, according to the malignant cell type, HLA-G should be blocked or conversely induced to counteract tumor progression. In this context, we will here present (i) the dual role of HLA-G in solid and liquid tumors with special emphasis on (ii) the HLA-G active structures and their related ILT2 and ILT4 receptors and (iii) the current knowledge on regulatory mechanisms of HLA-G expression in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Rouas-Freiss
- CEA, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Therapies Innovantes (IMETI), Service de Recherche en Hemato-Immunologie (SRHI), Hopital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IUH, Hopital Saint-Louis, UMR_E5, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- CEA, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Therapies Innovantes (IMETI), Service de Recherche en Hemato-Immunologie (SRHI), Hopital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IUH, Hopital Saint-Louis, UMR_E5, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Joel LeMaoult
- CEA, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Therapies Innovantes (IMETI), Service de Recherche en Hemato-Immunologie (SRHI), Hopital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IUH, Hopital Saint-Louis, UMR_E5, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Edgardo D. Carosella
- CEA, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Therapies Innovantes (IMETI), Service de Recherche en Hemato-Immunologie (SRHI), Hopital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IUH, Hopital Saint-Louis, UMR_E5, 75010 Paris, France
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6
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HLA-G dimers in the prolongation of kidney allograft survival. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:153981. [PMID: 24741575 PMCID: PMC3985180 DOI: 10.1155/2014/153981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) contributes to acceptance of allografts in solid organ/tissue transplantation. Most studies have determined that soluble HLA-G isoforms are systematically detected in serum/plasma of transplanted patients with significantly fewer episodes of acute and/or chronic rejection of allogeneic tissue/organ. Current models of the interactions of HLA-G and its specific receptors explain it as functioning in a monomeric form. However, in recent years, new data has revealed the ability of HLA-G to form disulfide-linked dimeric complexes with high preferential binding and functional activities. Limited data are available on the role of soluble HLA-G dimers in clinical pathological conditions. We describe here the presence of soluble HLA-G dimers in kidney transplant patients. Our study showed that a high level of HLA-G dimers in plasma and increased expression of the membrane-bound form of HLA-G on monocytes are associated with prolongation of kidney allograft survival. We also determined that the presence of soluble HLA-G dimers links to the lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting a potential role of HLA-G dimers in controlling the accompanying inflammatory state.
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7
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Gao M, Zhang F, Xu X, Liu X, Hu X. Changes of Inhibitory Receptors on NK-92 Cells and HLA-G on BeWo Cells with Toxoplasma gondii Infection. Inflammation 2013; 36:1440-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Xu X, Zhao M, Liu X, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Zhai X, Zhang L, Hu X. Toxoplasma gondii infection regulates the balance of activating and inhibitory receptors on decidual natural killer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55432. [PMID: 23393578 PMCID: PMC3564853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory receptors and activating receptor expressed on decidual natural killer (dNK) cells are generally believed to be important in abnormal pregnancy outcomes and induced adverse pregnancy. However, if Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection induced abnormal pregnancy was related to dNK cells changes is not clear. In this study, we used human dNK cells co-cultured with human extravillous cytotrophoblast (EVT) cells following YFP-Toxoplasma gondii (YFP-T. gondii) infection in vitro and established animal pregnant infection model. Levels of inhibitory receptors KIR2DL4 and ILT-2, their ligand HLA-G, and activating receptor NKG2D in human decidua, and NKG2A and its ligand Qa-1 and NKG2D in mice uterine were analyzed by real-time PCR and flow cytometry with levels of NKG2D significantly higher than those of KIR2DL4 and ILT-2 in vitro and in invo. The level of NKG2D was positively correlated with cytotoxic activity of dNK cells in vitro. Numbers of abnormal pregnancies were significantly greater in the infected group than in the control group. This result demonstrated that the increased NKG2D expression and imbalance between inhibitory receptors of dNK cells and HLA-G may contribute to abnormal pregnancy outcomes observed upon maternal infection with T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingdong Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianbing Liu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhu Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhai
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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9
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Xu X, Fu Q, Zhang Q, Zhao M, Gao Z, Liu X, Liu Y, Hu X. Changes of human decidual natural killer cells cocultured with YFP-Toxoplasma gondii: implications for abnormal pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2012; 99:427-32. [PMID: 23089237 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes of human decidual natural killer (dNK) cells cocultured with Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and to infer implications on pregnancy. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING College and hospital. PATIENT(S) Decidual tissue was obtained from 85 patients undergoing voluntary abortion during the first trimester of gestation (6-12 weeks). INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The dNK cells were isolated and infected with YFP-Toxoplasma gondii. Cells were observed by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. The CD56(bright)CD16(-)/CD56(dim)CD16(+) dNK ratio, expression of KIR2DL4, ILT-2, and NKG2D on dNK cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and the cytotoxic activity of infected dNK cells were evaluated. RESULT(S) The CD56(dim)CD16(+)/CD56(bright)CD16(-) dNK ratio was significantly elevated at 12, 24, and 48 hours after YFP-T. gondii infection. Expression of KIR2DL4, ILT-2, and NKG2D were increased after infection, but NKG2D were significantly higher than those of KIR2DL4 and ILT-2. Both the CD56(dim)CD16(+)/CD56(bright)CD16(-) dNK ratio and NKG2D expression were correlated with dNK cytotoxic activity. CONCLUSION(S) Enhanced dNK cytotoxicity due to increased CD16 and NKG2D expression may contribute to abnormal pregnancy outcomes observed with maternal infection with T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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10
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Mei B, Zhang SR, Chen YL, Wang CF. Defects in NKG2D ligand expression result in failed tolerance induction at the maternal-fetal interface: a possible cause for recurrent miscarriage. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:465-7. [PMID: 22800801 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Certain maternal immune responses against the fetus at the maternal-fetal interface may contribute to recurrent miscarriage (RM). Trophoblast cells involve in forming of maternal-fetal interface and interact with many immune cells, including NK cells. NK cells accumulate at the maternal-fetal interface and play a critical role during pregnancy. NKG2D ligands can activate NK cells through engaging with corresponding receptors. The 5'-end flanking regions of DNA sequence of some NKG2D ligands contain heat shock elements. It is very possible that oxidative stress, produced in pathological process of RM, induces abnormal NKG2D ligand expression in the trophoblast cells, which stimulate cytotoxicity of NK cells. Moreover, in normal pregnancy, soluble NKG2D ligands are secreted into sera by syncytiotrophoblast cells, which disturb NKG2D-mediated maternal anti-fetus immunity. Reduction of soluble NKG2D ligand levels in association with upregulation of NKG2D on immune cells may also contribute to pathogenesis of RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Mei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou 434020, Hubei Province, China.
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11
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Human leukocyte antigen-G molecules are constitutively expressed by synovial fibroblasts and upmodulated in osteoarthritis. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:342-50. [PMID: 20097242 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G molecules are nonclassical HLA class I antigens expressed as membrane bound and soluble isoforms (sHLA-G) with a restricted tissue distribution and anti-inflammatory functions. Because inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), we have analyzed the expression and production of HLA-G molecules in in vitro cultured synovial fibroblasts (SFs) from OA patients and control subjects. We have analyzed the levels of sHLA-G1 and HLA-G5 isoforms by immunoenzymatic assay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in the SF culture supernatants from six OA patients and six control subjects in 70-day in vitro cultures and after the addition of lipopolysaccharide or recombinant interleukin (IL)-10 (rIL-10). We have confirmed HLA-G modulation by cytofluorimetry and immunofluorescence. The results have demonstrated the spontaneous production of sHLA-G1 molecules by both OA and control SFs. The expression was confirmed by cytofluorimetry and immunofluorescence. OA SFs produce both sHLA-G1 and HLA-G5 molecules during the first 23 days of culture and higher levels of sHLA-G1 during the first 40 days of in vitro culture and after lipopolysaccharide or rIL-10 activation compared with control SFs. The production of HLA-G1 molecules, constitutively expressed by control and OA SFs, is significantly increased in OA, suggesting a possible mechanism to counteract the inflammation of the synovial joints.
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12
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Gonen-Gross T, Goldman-Wohl D, Huppertz B, Lankry D, Greenfield C, Natanson-Yaron S, Hamani Y, Gilad R, Yagel S, Mandelboim O. Inhibitory NK receptor recognition of HLA-G: regulation by contact residues and by cell specific expression at the fetal-maternal interface. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8941. [PMID: 20126612 PMCID: PMC2812487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-classical HLA-G protein is distinguished from the classical MHC class I molecules by its expression pattern, low polymorphism and its ability to form complexes on the cell surface. The special role of HLA-G in the maternal-fetal interface has been attributed to its ability to interact with specific receptors found on maternal immune cells. However this interaction is restricted to a limited number of receptors. In this study we elucidate the reason for this phenomenon by comparing the specific contact residues responsible for MHC-KIR interactions. This alignment revealed a marked difference between the HLA-G molecule and other MHC class I molecules. By mutating these residues to the equivalent classical MHC residues, the HLA-G molecule regained an ability of interacting with KIR inhibitory receptors found on NK cells derived either from peripheral blood or from the decidua. Functional NK killing assays further substantiated the binding results. Furthermore, double immunofluorescent staining of placental sections revealed that while the conformed form of HLA-G was expressed in all extravillous trophoblasts, the free heavy chain form of HLA-G was expressed in more distal cells of the column, the invasion front. Overall we suggest that HLA-G protein evolved to interact with only some of the NK inhibitory receptors thus allowing a control of inhibition, while permitting appropriate NK cell cytokine and growth factor production necessary for a viable maternal fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsufit Gonen-Gross
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Debra Goldman-Wohl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah University Hospital, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dikla Lankry
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Caryn Greenfield
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah University Hospital, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shira Natanson-Yaron
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah University Hospital, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Hamani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah University Hospital, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Gilad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah University Hospital, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Simcha Yagel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah University Hospital, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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13
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Dimerization of Soluble HLA-G by IgG-Fc Fragment Augments ILT2-Mediated Inhibition of T-Cell Alloresponse. Transplantation 2009; 87:8-15. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31818b6141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Zhang Y, Zhao A, Wang X, Shi G, Jin H, Lin Q. Expressions of natural cytotoxicity receptors and NKG2D on decidual natural killer cells in patients having spontaneous abortions. Fertil Steril 2007; 90:1931-7. [PMID: 18023431 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between expressions of NKp46, NKp44, NKp30, and NKG2D receptors on decidual natural killer cells (dNK) and human spontaneous abortion (SA). DESIGN Case control study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Twenty-one patients with normal chromosome abortuses and 25 healthy early pregnant women. INTERVENTION(S) Detected the cytolytic activity of dNK to K562 target cells; measured the expressions of NCRs and NKG2D on dNK. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cytotoxicity of dNK and expressions of NKp46, p44, p30, and NKG2D receptors on CD56(bright)CD16(-)/CD56(dim)CD16(+) dNK subsets were detected by flow cytometry. The relations between dNK cytotoxicity and the expression of the receptors on two dNK subsets were investigated. RESULT(S) The patients with SA expressed higher proportion of NKp44 on CD56(bright)CD16(-)dNK and higher proportions of NKp46 and NKp44 on CD56(dim)CD16(+)dNK with statistical significance. The expressions of NKp44 on CD56(bright)CD16(-)dNK and NKp46 on CD56(dim)CD16(+)dNK correlated with dNK cytotoxicity positively (r(2) = 0.677 and r(2) = 0.634, respectively). The expression of NKp46 on CD56(bright)CD16(-)dNK was much higher than that on CD56(dim)CD16(+)dNK. CONCLUSION(S) Enhanced dNK cytotoxicity due to increased NKp46 and NKp44 expressions may undergo the susceptibility to SA. Both CD56(bright)CD16(-)dNK and CD56(dim)CD16(+) dNK may be involved in lysing of the target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Gonen-Gross T, Mandelboim O. HLA-G complexes are observed on the cell surface. Hum Immunol 2006; 68:227-32. [PMID: 17400056 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the context of pregnancy, several immunomodulating mechanisms have developed to regulate the maternal immune response to its semiallogeneic fetus. The nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class I human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) was suggested to be involved in these mechanisms due to its unique features and its immunosuppressive abilities. We have previously described the presence of HLA-G complexes at the cell surface, which confer an efficient natural killer inhibition through the leukocyte Ig-like receptor-1 (LIR-1). We further demonstrated the presence of HLA-G free heavy chain (FHC) complexes, which are not recognized and possibly interfere with LIR-1 and HLA-G interaction. Here we expand our understanding of the nature of the complexes by demonstrating that these complexes are observed mainly on the cell surface and not inside the cell. We further determine that the HLA-G stability at the cell surface is not a direct result of the presence of the HLA-G complexes. Finally, we suggest that the FHC complexes are probably assembled from the conformed complexes present on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsufit Gonen-Gross
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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16
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Poehlmann TG, Schaumann A, Busch S, Fitzgerald JS, Aguerre-Girr M, Le Bouteiller P, Schleussner E, Markert UR. Inhibition of term decidual NK cell cytotoxicity by soluble HLA-G1. Am J Reprod Immunol 2006; 56:275-85. [PMID: 17076671 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2006.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Soluble (s)HLA-G1 is produced by trophoblast cells. Aim was to analyze the capacities and mechanisms of sHLA-G1 to regulate interleukin (IL)-2-induced cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells from human deciduas. METHODS Natural killer cells were isolated from decidual layers of term placentae, stimulated or not with IL-2 and supplemented with various concentrations of recombinant soluble HLA-G1 (sHLA-G1). For NK cell cytotoxicity assays, K562 cells were used as targets. Expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and perforin was analyzed by Western blotting. Apoptosis was examined by assessment of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. NK cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for IL-2receptor-alpha (IL-2R alpha; CD25) and transferrin receptor CD71 expression. RESULTS Interleukin-2 increases CD71, STAT3, perforin expression and cytotoxic potential of NK cells. Expression of CD71, STAT3 and perforin decreased simultaneously with cytotoxicity and dose-dependently when sHLA-G1 (1.6 micro g/mL-1.6 ng/mL) was added to IL-2 stimulated cultures. sHLA-G1 did not induce apoptosis and CD25 expression was not affected. CONCLUSION Interleukin-2R alpha expression is not controlled by sHLA-G1, but its signal transducer STAT3 as well as several downstream effects, such as perforin expression, proliferation and cytotoxicity. The control of STAT3 bioavailability through sHLA-G1 may be a key regulator of the mentioned effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias G Poehlmann
- Placenta-Labor, Department of Obstetrics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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17
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Clements CS, Kjer-Nielsen L, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J. Structural studies on HLA-G: implications for ligand and receptor binding. Hum Immunol 2006; 68:220-6. [PMID: 17400055 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a class Ib major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule that is specifically expressed in immune-privileged tissues. The overall structure of HLA-G resembles other class I MHC molecules, in which a heavy chain comprised of three domains is noncovalently associated with beta(2)microglobulin (beta(2)m). A nine-residue self-peptide is bound within a cleft formed by two alpha-helices and a beta-sheet floor. An extensive network of contacts is formed between the peptide and the binding cleft, leading to a constrained mode of binding reminiscent of that observed in HLA-E. The alpha3 domain of HLA-G, the putative binding site for leukocyte immunoglobulinlike receptor-1 (LIR-1) and -2, is structurally distinct from class Ia MHC molecules, providing a basis for the observed differences in affinity for these ligands. In addition, a disulfide-bonded dimer adopts an oblique conformation, providing the possibility of a 1:2 (HLA-G dimer:receptor) complex stoichiometry. The relative orientation of the HLA-G protomers in the dimer structure suggests that it is unlikely that dimerization is involved in killer immunoglobulinlike receptor 2DL4 (KIR2DL4) binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Clements
- Protein Crystallography Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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18
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Raine T, Brown D, Bowness P, Hill Gaston JS, Moffett A, Trowsdale J, Allen RL. Consistent patterns of expression of HLA class I free heavy chains in healthy individuals and raised expression in spondyloarthropathy patients point to physiological and pathological roles. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006; 45:1338-44. [PMID: 16936330 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kel305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) proteins exist at the cell surface in antigen presenting forms and as beta2m-independent free heavy chains (FHCs). FHCs have been implicated in spondyloarthritis, but little is known about their expression in healthy individuals. We studied FHC expression on various human cell types, comparing spondyloarthropathy patients with healthy and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient controls. METHODS MHC-I expression was analysed by flow cytometry. FHC levels were normalized for overall MHC-I to generate a relative expression level. Relative FHC levels were analysed for peripheral blood and trophoblast samples from healthy volunteers, RA and spondyloarthropathy patients. Macrophages and dendritic cells were cultured in vitro to analyse changes following activation. Peripheral blood leucocytes from patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and RA were treated with inflammatory stimuli and subsequent alterations in their relative FHC levels were analysed. RESULTS We found consistent patterns of differential relative FHC expression across lymphocyte subpopulations and particularly high expression on extravillous trophoblast. FHCs were present at higher levels in a reactive arthritis (ReA) population than in healthy controls and RA patients; differences not merely due to the presence of Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) B27. Treatment of leucocytes from arthritic patients with bacterial lipopolysaccharide resulted in significant up-regulation of FHC compared with an HLA B27+ control population. CONCLUSIONS Our findings define normal levels and tissue expression of FHCs, and support the hypothesis that disregulation of heavy chain expression may play a pathogenic role in spondyloarthropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Raine
- Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
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19
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Shiroishi M, Kuroki K, Ose T, Rasubala L, Shiratori I, Arase H, Tsumoto K, Kumagai I, Kohda D, Maenaka K. Efficient leukocyte Ig-like receptor signaling and crystal structure of disulfide-linked HLA-G dimer. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:10439-47. [PMID: 16455647 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512305200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA-G is a nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecule, which is expressed in trophoblasts and confers immunological tolerance in the maternal-fetal interface by binding to leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILRs, also called as LIR/ILT/CD85) and CD8. HLA-G is expressed in disulfide-linked dimer form both in solution and at the cell surface. Interestingly, MHCI dimer formations have been involved in pathogenesis and T cell activation. The structure and receptor binding characteristics of MHCI dimers have never been evaluated. Here we performed binding studies showing that the HLA-G dimer exhibited higher overall affinity to LILRB1/2 than the monomer by significant avidity effects. Furthermore, the cell reporter assay demonstrated that the dimer formation remarkably enhanced the LILRB1-mediated signaling at the cellular level. We further determined the crystal structure of the wild-type dimer of HLA-G with the intermolecular Cys(42)-Cys(42) disulfide bond. This dimer structure showed the oblique configuration to expose two LILR/CD8-binding sites upward from the membrane easily accessible for receptors, providing plausible 1:2 (HLA-G dimer:receptors) complex models. These results indicated that the HLA-G dimer conferred increased avidity in a proper structural orientation to induce efficient LILR signaling, resulting in the dominant immunosuppressive effects. Moreover, structural and functional implications for other MHCI dimers observed in activated T cells and the pathogenic allele, HLA-B27, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Shiroishi
- Division of Structural Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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20
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Gonen-Gross T, Achdout H, Arnon TI, Gazit R, Stern N, Horejsí V, Goldman-Wohl D, Yagel S, Mandelboim O. The CD85J/leukocyte inhibitory receptor-1 distinguishes between conformed and beta 2-microglobulin-free HLA-G molecules. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:4866-74. [PMID: 16210588 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.8.4866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
For a proper development of the placenta, maternal NK cells should not attack the fetal extravillous cytotrophoblast cells. This inhibition of maternal NK cells is partially mediated via the nonclassical MHC class I molecule HLA-G. Recently, we demonstrated that HLA-G forms disulfide-linked high molecular complexes on the surface of transfected cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that HLA-G must associate with beta(2)m for its interaction with CD85J/leukocyte Ig-like receptor-1 (LIR-1). Although HLA-G free H chain complexes are expressed on the surface, they are not recognized and possibly interfere with CD85J/LIR-1 and HLA-G interaction. The formation of these complexes on the cell surface might represent a novel mechanism developed specifically by the HLA-G protein aimed to control the efficiency of the CD85J/LIR-1-mediated inhibition. We also show that endogenous HLA-G complexes are expressed on the cell surface. These findings provide novel insights into the delicate interaction between extravillous cytotrophoblast cells and NK cells in the decidua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsufit Gonen-Gross
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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21
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Shiroishi M, Kohda D, Maenaka K. Preparation and crystallization of the disulfide-linked HLA-G dimer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2005; 1764:985-8. [PMID: 16290109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2005] [Revised: 10/05/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HLA-G is a non-classical MHC class I, which binds to inhibitory receptors, such as Leukocyte Ig-like receptors, to induce a wide range of tolerogenic immunological effects. HLA-G can be expressed as a disulfide-liked dimer both in solution and at the cell surface. However, the three-dimensional structure of the HLA-G dimer is unknown. Here, we report the crystallization of the disulfide-linked dimer form of HLA-G by adding dithiothreitol (DTT), enabling a 3.2-A data set to be collected. We also show that DTT promotes disulfide bond exchange of refolded HLA-G, whose free cysteine was protected, thus facilitating its dimerization. This technique could also be applied for disulfide-mediated dimer/multimer formation of refolded proteins harbouring free cysteines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Shiroishi
- Division of Structural Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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22
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Raine T, Allen R. MHC-I recognition by receptors on myelomonocytic cells: New tricks for old dogs? Bioessays 2005; 27:542-50. [PMID: 15832377 DOI: 10.1002/bies.20215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Receptors on cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells play well-established roles in the immunological response and share a common ligand in the form of MHC-I. We discuss how a variety of MHC-I receptors are also expressed on myelomonocytic cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells. Since myelomonocytic MHC-I receptors recognise a broad range of alleles and MHC-I structures, we propose that their task is to discern expression levels and folding forms of MHC. We describe a model in which these recognition events would regulate bidirectional cross talk between cells of innate and adaptive immune systems to organise an ongoing combined immune response. We discuss how such a model is supported by recent literature and might function in a variety of contexts, including immunoregulation during pregnancy. Our model also offers an alternative explanation of immune dysregulation rather than autoimmunity during HLA-B27-associated spondyloarthropathies and addresses a number of conundrums in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Raine
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
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23
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Le Friec G, Gros F, Sebti Y, Guilloux V, Pangault C, Fauchet R, Amiot L. Capacity of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells especially at mature stage to express and secrete HLA-G molecules. J Leukoc Biol 2004; 76:1125-33. [PMID: 15331623 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0104015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA-G), a class Ib major histocompatibility complex molecule, is potentially relevant in the immune response through its various immune cell functions. Its expression noticed in some malignancies has also been shown on macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) in tumoral and inflammatory diseases. As DC constitute a key component in the immune response, this work aimed at assessing the expression of HLA-G at transcriptional and proteic levels during differentiation and maturation of the different DC subsets. We show that HLA-G transcription was induced during CD34+-derived DC differentiation and is associated with a cell-surface expression in half of cases and with a substantial secretion of soluble HLA-G in all cases. Results were very similar for monocyte-derived DC, but there was still a weak HLA-G cell-surface expression and a lower level of secretion. On the contrary, HLA-G transcription was weak in plasmacytoid DC without any HLA-G cell-surface expression and with a basal level of secretion. The mechanisms involved in HLA-G expression appear transcriptional and post-transcriptional. However, the amount of HLA-G transcripts and the expression of the protein are not related. HLA-G expression or secretion by DC may have negative consequences on the function of effective immune cells and also on DC themselves via the interaction with inhibitory receptors expressed by these cells. The capacity of DC to express or secrete HLA-G should be studied in the context of cellular therapy using DC in addition to its suppressive action in immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Le Friec
- Laboratoire Universitaire d'Hématologie et de la Biologie des Cellules Sanguines, UPRES EA 22-33, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, CS34317, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
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