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Suvankar S, Padhi S, Bagabir HA, Pati A, Wahid M, Mandal RK, Haque S, Panda AK. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4) polymorphisms are linked to systemic lupus erythematosus: an updated meta-analysis. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36597619 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2163817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) molecule controls T cell immune response. Functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CTLA-4 gene have been associated with several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the genetic association of the CTLA-4 variants with vulnerability to SLE remained contradictory. We have conducted a current meta-analysis by combining the findings of prior published articles in order to make a conclusive statement. Various literature databases were screened with appropriate keywords to obtain relevant articles, and eligible reports were obtained using well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed by Comprehensive Meta-analysis V 3.3, and various statistical parameters such as odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and probability values were computed. A total of 3847 SLE patients and 5278 healthy controls were considered in the present meta-analysis from 26 individual reports. A significant association of CTLA-4 +49 A/G (G vs. A: p=0.03, OR=1.47) and -1722 T/C (p=0.02, OR=0.87) polymorphisms were observed with susceptibility and resistance against the development of SLE, respectively. However, the other two SNPs in the CTLA-4 gene (-318 C/T and -1661 A/G) failed to establish a connection. Interestingly, subgroup analysis revealed an association of CTLA-4 +49 A/G with a predisposition to SLE only in the Asian population (G vs. A: p=0.04, OR=1.26, GG vs. AA: p=0.02, OR=1.84, AG vs AA: p=0.01, OR=1.44, GG+AG vs AA: p=0.01, OR=1.52) and not in Caucasians. The current meta-analysis suggests a significant CTLA-4 +49 A/G variant association with susceptibility to SLE development in overall and Asian populations. In contrast, the other variant, -1722 T/C, is linked with protection against SLE. However, further case-control studies in diverse ethnic populations are requisite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Suvankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Sunali Padhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Hala Abubaker Bagabir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhijit Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju K Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aditya K Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, India
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Abstract
Co-inhibitory B7-CD28 family member proteins negatively regulate T cell responses and are extensively involved in tumor immune evasion. Blockade of classical CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4) and PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1) checkpoint pathways have become the cornerstone of anti-cancer immunotherapy. New inhibitory checkpoint proteins such as B7-H3, B7-H4, and BTLA (B and T lymphocyte attenuator) are being discovered and investigated for their potential in anti-cancer immunotherapy. In addition, soluble forms of these molecules also exist in sera of healthy individuals and elevated levels are found in chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. Soluble forms are generated by proteolytic shedding or alternative splicing. Elevated circulating levels of these inhibitory soluble checkpoint molecules in cancer have been correlated with advance stage, metastatic status, and prognosis which underscore their broader involvement in immune regulation. In addition to their potential as biomarker, understanding their mechanism of production, biological activity, and pathological interactions may also pave the way for their clinical use as a therapeutic target. Here we review these aspects of soluble checkpoint molecules and elucidate on their potential for anti-cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sumbal Arooj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression are associated with immune system responses. Tumor cells use various tricks to scape of immune system, such as activating immune checkpoint pathways that induce immunosuppressive functions. Among the different immune checkpoint receptors, CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 are prominent therapeutic targets in different cancers. Although the US FDA has approved some immune checkpoint inhibitors for several cancers, concerning breast cancer still different clinical trials are looking for optimizing efficacy and decreasing immune-related adverse events. This review will discuss the existing body of knowledge with regard to cross-talk between immune system and tumor cells and then explore immune checkpoint-related signaling pathways in the context of breast tumors. Finally, we highlight the application of different immune checkpoint blockers in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Jalalvand
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Darbeheshti
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14194, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14194, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran 14194, Iran
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Ahmed MM, Gebriel MG, Morad EA, Saber IM, Elwan A, Salah M, Fakhr AE, Shalaby AM, Alabiad MA. Expression of Immune Checkpoint Regulators, Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4, and Programmed Death-Ligand 1 in Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:401-8. [PMID: 33480605 DOI: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common cancer arising from the nasopharynx with a poor prognosis. Targeting immune checkpoint is one of the new promising lines in cancer treatment. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are immune checkpoints that regulate T-cell immune function. AIM This work aimed to assess the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in NPC and their ability to predict survival and response therapy and to check their validity as immunotherapy targets. Twenty-six cases of NPC were studied by immunohistochemistry for PD-L1 and CTLA-4 and by nested polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA sequencing for the presence of EBNA-1 gene of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). All investigated cases were diagnosed and treated in the Zagazig University Hospital in the period from August 2015 to July 2018. EBNA-1 gene was identified in 84.6% of the cases. Whereas the expression of PD-L1 was noted in 46.2% of all cases studied, 54.6% of EBV-associated NPCs were found to express PD-L1. There was a significant association between PD-L1 expression and the advanced stage of the tumor (P<0.001). CTLA-4 expression was observed in 88.4% of all NPC cases as cytoplasmic staining in both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. CTLA-4 expression in lymphocytes was associated with the presence of EBV. A significant association was detected between CTLA-4 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte expression on one side and the stage of the tumor on the other. High expression of CTLA-4 was significantly associated with disease progression and worse overall survival. CONCLUSION PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are adverse prognostic markers in NPC. The authors propose that targeted therapy against PD-L1 and CTLA-4 will be a hopeful therapy for cases of NPC with resistance to concurrent chemoradiation treatment in Egypt, especially EBV-associated cases.
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Oyewole-Said D, Konduri V, Vazquez-Perez J, Weldon SA, Levitt JM, Decker WK. Beyond T-Cells: Functional Characterization of CTLA-4 Expression in Immune and Non-Immune Cell Types. Front Immunol 2020; 11:608024. [PMID: 33384695 PMCID: PMC7770141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response consists of a finely-tuned program, the activation of which must be coupled with inhibitory mechanisms whenever initiated. This ensures tight control of beneficial anti-pathogen and anti-tumor responses while preserving tissue integrity, promoting tissue repair, and safeguarding against autoimmunity. A cogent example of this binary response is in the mobilization of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signaling in regulating the strength and type of a T-cell response. Of particular importance is the costimulatory molecule CD28 which is countered by CTLA-4. While the role of CD28 in the immune response has been thoroughly elucidated, many aspects of CTLA-4 biology remain controversial. The expression of CD28 is largely constrained to constitutive expression in T-cells and as such, teasing out its function has been somewhat simplified by a limited and specific expression profile. The expression of CTLA-4, on the other hand, while reported predominantly in T-cells, has also been described on a diverse repertoire of cells within both lymphoid and myeloid lineages as well as on the surface of tumors. Nonetheless, the function of CTLA-4 has been mostly described within the context of T-cell biology. The focus on T-cell biology may be a direct result of the high degree of amino acid sequence homology and the co-expression pattern of CD28 and CTLA-4, which initially led to the discovery of CTLA-4 as a counter receptor to CD28 (for which a T-cell-activating role had already been described). Furthermore, observations of the outsized role of CTLA-4 in Treg-mediated immune suppression and the striking phenotype of T-cell hyperproliferation and resultant disease in CTLA-4−/− mice contribute to an appropriate T-cell-centric focus in the study of CTLA-4. Complete elucidation of CTLA-4 biology, however, may require a more nuanced understanding of its role in a context other than that of T-cells. This makes particular sense in light of the remarkable, yet limited utility of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in the treatment of cancers and of CTLA-4-Ig in autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis. By fully deducing the biology of CTLA-4-regulated immune homeostasis, bottlenecks that hinder the widespread applicability of CTLA-4-based immunotherapies can be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola Oyewole-Said
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vanaja Konduri
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan Vazquez-Perez
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott A Weldon
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan M Levitt
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William K Decker
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Urbano AC, Nascimento C, Soares M, Correia J, Ferreira F. Clinical Relevance of the serum CTLA-4 in Cats with Mammary Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3822. [PMID: 32123292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) serves an important role in breast cancer progression, which has led to the development of novel immunotherapies aimed at blocking tumor immune evasion. Although feline mammary carcinoma is increasingly recognized as a valuable cancer model, no studies on CTLA-4 function had been conducted in this species. The serum CTLA-4, TNF-α and IL-6 levels of 57 female cats with mammary carcinoma were determined by ELISA, and immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate CTLA-4 and FoxP3 expression in tumor cells and interstitial lymphocytes. The results obtained show that serum CTLA-4 levels are increased in cats with mammary carcinoma (P = 0.022), showing an association with a number of clinicopathological features: smaller tumor size, P < 0.001; absence of tumor necrosis, P < 0.001; non-basal status, P < 0.02 and HER-2-positive status. Additionally, a strong positive correlation was found between serum CTLA-4 levels and serum TNF-α (R = 0.88, P < 0.001) and IL-6 levels (R = 0.72, P < 0.001). Concerning the CTLA-4 and FoxP3 expression, although detected in both interstitial lymphocytes and tumor cells, a positive association was found only between interstitial CTLA-4 and FoxP3 expressions (R = 0.387, P = 0.01), which is negatively associated with the serum CTLA-4 levels (P = 0.03). These findings provide a preliminary step in the characterization of immune profiles in feline mammary carcinoma, uncovering a molecular rationale for targeted therapy with CTLA-4 pathway inhibitors. Finally, by strengthening the hypothesis of an immunomodulatory role for this regulator, we further validate the utility of spontaneous feline mammary carcinoma as a model for human breast cancer.
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Kasamatsu T, Awata M, Ishihara R, Murakami Y, Gotoh N, Matsumoto M, Sawamura M, Yokohama A, Handa H, Tsukamoto N, Saitoh T, Murakami H. PDCD1 and PDCD1LG1 polymorphisms affect the susceptibility to multiple myeloma. Clin Exp Med 2020; 20:51-62. [PMID: 31620907 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-019-00585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the programmed cell death protein-1 (PDCD1), programmed cell death protein-1 ligand-1 (PDCD1LG1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) genes are implicated in the pathogenesis of some cancers. We investigated the role of PDCD1, PDCD1LG1, and CTLA4 SNPs in MM pathogenesis and the susceptibility to and clinical features of multiple myeloma (MM). We obtained genomic DNA from 124 patients with MM and 211 healthy controls and detected PDCD1 (rs36084323, rs41386349, and rs2227982), PDCD1LG1 (rs2297136 and rs4143815), and CTLA4 (rs733618, rs11571316, rs231775, and rs3087243) genotypes using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method or the TaqMan allelic discrimination real-time PCR method. The patients with MM had a significantly higher frequency of the PDCD1 GCC/GCC haplotype (rs36084323/rs41386349/rs2227982) compared with the healthy controls. PDCD1 rs2227982 CC genotype was associated significantly with a higher frequency of bone lesions. Patients with PDCD1LG1 rs2297136 TT and TC types (high-expression types) showed lower albumin level than those with CC genotype. In addition, the PDCD1LG1 rs4143815 CC and CG types (high-expression types) were associated significantly with higher frequency of patients who were treated with thalidomide and/or bortezomib. However, there was no statistical significance between CTLA4 polymorphisms and clinical variables of patients with MM. There were no significant differences between all the polymorphisms and OS. Our study indicates that the PDCD1 haplotype is associated with a susceptibility to MM. The PDCD1 rs2227982 and PDCD1LG1 rs2297136 affect the clinical features of multiple myeloma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kasamatsu
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan.
| | - Maaya Awata
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
| | - Rei Ishihara
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
| | - Nanami Gotoh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, 383 Shirai, Shibukawa, Gunma, 377-0280, Japan
| | - Morio Sawamura
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, 383 Shirai, Shibukawa, Gunma, 377-0280, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokohama
- Blood Transfusion Service, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0034, Japan
| | - Norifumi Tsukamoto
- Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takayuki Saitoh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0823, Japan
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Hosseini A, Gharibi T, Marofi F, Babaloo Z, Baradaran B. CTLA-4: From mechanism to autoimmune therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106221. [PMID: 32007707 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD28 and CTLA-4 are both important stimulatory receptors for the regulation of T cell activation. Because receptors share common ligands, B7.1 and B7.2, the expression and biological function of CTLA-4 is important for the negative regulation of T cell responses. Therefore, elimination of CTLA-4 can result in the breakdown of immune tolerance and the development of several diseases such as autoimmunity. Inhibitory signals of CTLA-4 suppress T cell responses and protect against autoimmune diseases in many ways. In this review, we summarize the structure, expression and signaling pathway of CTLA-4. We also highlight how CTLA-4 defends against potentially self-reactive T cells. Finally, we discuss how the CTLA-4 regulates a number of autoimmune diseases that indicate manipulation of this inhibitory molecule is a promise as a strategy for the immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Hosseini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Gharibi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Abstract
There is growing evidence supporting the genetic variability outside of HLA system that is contributing to the variation in transplant outcomes. Determining novel predictors could help to identify patients at risk and tailor their immunosuppressive regimens. This article discusses the various single nucleotide polymorphisms in costimulatory molecules and cytokines that have been evaluated for their effect on transplantation. An overview of how gene polymorphism studies are conducted and factors to consider in the experimental design to ensure meaningful data can be concluded are discussed.
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Joosse ME, Nederlof I, Walker LSK, Samsom JN. Tipping the balance: inhibitory checkpoints in intestinal homeostasis. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:21-35. [PMID: 30498201 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The small intestinal and colonic lamina propria are populated with forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and interleukin-10-producing T cells that orchestrate intestinal tolerance to harmless microbial and food antigens. Expression of co-inhibitory receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 serve as checkpoints to these cells controlling their T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated and CD28-mediated activation and modulating the phenotype of neighboring antigen presenting cells. Recent discoveries on the diversity of co-inhibitory receptors and their selective cellular expression has shed new light on their tissue-dependent function. In this review, we provide an overview of the co-inhibitory pathways and checkpoints of Treg and effector T cells and their mechanisms of action in intestinal homeostasis. Better understanding of these inhibitory checkpoints is desired as their blockade harbors clinical potential for the treatment of cancer and their stimulation may offer new opportunities to treat chronic intestinal inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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11
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Abstract
The autoimmune and gene etiology are implicated in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is important for negative regulation of T-cell activation, and CTLA4 gene has been identified as a risk factor for some autoimmune diseases. However, none studies have been performed about the association between PCOS and the CTLA4 gene before. Here, we aimed to investigate the association of CTLA4 with PCOS in the Chinese Han population though a case-control association analysis of 606 individuals. The tagging variants rs733618 and rs231775 in the CTLA4 gene were detected using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis method. Further analysis found the rs733618 was significantly different between case and control groups in either genotypic or allelic distribution (P = .01 and .009, respectively) while rs231775 not. Moreover, rs733618 was significantly associated with higher body mass index in the dominant model (P = .003) and with higher waist/hip ratio in the recessive model (P = .02). Interestingly, rs733618 was only found to have significant association with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in both dominant and recessive model (P = .009 and .0065, respectively). This is the first study to investigate the association of CTLA4 gene with PCOS. The CTLA4 gene is suggested to correlated with PCOS, and influence PCOS through regulating obesity and the HOMA-IR in a novel way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Guanglong Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Urumqi, Urumqi Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Ting Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University
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Ramzi M, Arandi N, Saadi MI, Yaghobi R, Geramizadeh B. Genetic Variation of Costimulatory Molecules, Including Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4, Inducible T-Cell Costimulator, Cluster Differentiation 28, and Programmed Cell Death 1 Genes, in Iranian Patients With Leukemia. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2018; 18:719-724. [PMID: 29697355 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2017.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are limited studies about the possible relationship between genetic variations of costimulatory genes and susceptibility to hematologic malignancies like leukemia and lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 59 leukemia patients. The polymorphisms of costimulatory molecules, including the CTLA-4 gene (-318 C/T, -1722 T/C, -1661 A/G, +49 A/G), PD-1 gene (1.3 A/G, 1.9 C/T), ICOS gene (1720 C/T), and CD28 gene (17 C/T), were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. RESULTS Our results showed that the TT genotype and T allele of the CTLA-4 -318 T/C polymorphism, the AA genotype of CTLA-4 +49 A/G polymorphism, and the CT genotype of PD-1 1.9 C/T polymorphism were significantly higher in healthy controls (P < .05). However, the AG genotype of the CTLA-4 +49 A/G, the CC genotype of the PD-1 1.9 C/T, and the CT genotype of the CD28 +17C/T polymorphism were significantly increased in patients with leukemia (P < .05). When the genotype frequency of costimulatory genes was compared between different leukemia groups, we observed that the A allele of the CTLA-4 +49 A/G and the CC genotype and C allele of the CD28 +17 C/T polymorphism were significantly higher in patients with acute leukemia than in those with chronic leukemia (P < .05). Among leukemia patients, the AA genotype of CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism was significantly increased in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, whereas the AG genotype was more prevalent in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that genetic variations of costimulatory molecules CTLA-4, CD28, and PD-1 may be associated with susceptibility of Iranian patients to leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Ramzi
- From the Hematology Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Karabon L, Markiewicz M, Chrobot K, Dzierzak-Mietla M, Pawlak-Adamska E, Partyka A, Koclega A, Kyrcz-Krzemien S, Frydecka I. The Influence of Genetic Variations in the CD86 Gene on the Outcome after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:3826989. [PMID: 29577049 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3826989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD86 molecule is the ligand for both costimulatory (CD28) and coinhibitory (CTLA-4) molecules, and it regulates immune response after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). Therefore, we postulate that CD86 gene variations might influence the outcome after alloHSCT. Altogether, 295 adult patients (pts) undergoing related (105 pts) and unrelated (190 pts) donor-matched HSCT were genotyped for the following CD86 gene polymorphisms: rs1129055, rs9831894, and rs2715267. Moreover, the donors' rs1129055 polymorphism was determined. None of the investigated SNPs alone were associated with aGvHD and rate of relapse. However, we showed that rs2715267 SNP influenced overall survival (OS) after alloHSCT. The 24-month OS for the rs271526GG recipients was worse than that for the recipients possessing T allelle (TT or GT genotypes) (p = 0.009). Moreover, analysis of gene-gene interaction between CD86 and CTLA-4 showed that having both the A allele for CD86 rs1129055 and the CTLA-4 CT60GG genotype in recipients increased the risk of aGvHD about 3.5 times. Interestingly, the donors' rs1129055GG genotype and the recipients' CT60GG genotype also increased the risk of aGvHD about 2.7-fold. We postulate that recipients' CD86 gene polymorphisms influence the overall survival after alloHSCT and, together with CTLA-4 polymorphisms, might be considered a risk factor for aGvHD.
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14
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Kasamatsu T, Ino R, Takahashi N, Gotoh N, Minato Y, Takizawa M, Yokohama A, Handa H, Saitoh T, Tsukamoto N, Murakami H. PDCD1 and CTLA4 polymorphisms affect the susceptibility to, and clinical features of, chronic immune thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2018; 180:705-714. [PMID: 29359792 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1, PDCD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4, CTLA4) play central roles in immune checkpoint pathways. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PDCD1 and CTLA4 have been reported to be associated with susceptibility to some autoimmune diseases. However, the potential association between SNPs in these immune checkpoint genes and risk of chronic immune thrombocytopenia (cITP) remain controversial and obscure. The aims of this study were to clarify the influence of PDCD1 and CTLA4 SNPs on the risk of developing cITP and its clinical features. We obtained genomic DNA from 119 patients with cITP and 223 healthy controls; their genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Patients with cITP had a significantly higher frequency of the PDCD1 +7209 TT genotype compared with healthy controls. The CTLA4 -1577 GG genotype and CT60 GG genotype showed higher frequencies of platelet count <5 × 109 /l at diagnosis, minimum platelet count <5 × 109 /l, and bleeding symptoms. Moreover, the PDCD1 -606 AA genotype and +63379 TT genotype were significantly associated with a lower number of patients who achieved a complete response to prednisolone treatment. Our results suggest that the immune checkpoint polymorphisms may affect the susceptibility to the clinical features of cITP, and treatment response of the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kasamatsu
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rumi Ino
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Takahashi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Nanami Gotoh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Minato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Makiko Takizawa
- Department of Haematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokohama
- Blood Transfusion Service, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Haematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Saitoh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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15
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Zhang XF, Pan K, Weng DS, Chen CL, Wang QJ, Zhao JJ, Pan QZ, Liu Q, Jiang SS, Li YQ, Zhang HX, Xia JC. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 expression in esophageal carcinoma: implications for prognosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26670-9. [PMID: 27050369 PMCID: PMC5042006 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the relationship between cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) expression and esophageal carcinoma prognosis, CTLA-4 expression was immunohistochemically detected in paraffin-embedded primary tumor specimens from 158 patients with esophageal cancer. CTLA-4 was detected in the cytoplasm and cell membranes of esophageal cancer cells and in interstitial lymphocytes. In univariate analyses (log-rank), higher interstitial CTLA-4+ lymphocyte density and higher tumor CTLA-4 expression were associated with shorter overall survival (OS). After controlling for age and clinical stage, multivariate analysis (Cox) found that tumor CTLA-4 expression was an independent predictor of shorter OS (HR 2.016, P = 0.004). These results indicate that CTLA-4 expression in the tumor environment (both lymphocytes and tumor cells) is associated with poorer prognosis. In addition, CTLA-4 profiles may be useful for predicting the benefits and toxicity of CTLA-4 blockade in patients with esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Sheng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Jing Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Zhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
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16
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Abstract
Immune responses need to be controlled for optimal protective immunity and tolerance. Coinhibitory pathways in the B7-CD28 family provide critical inhibitory signals that regulate immune homeostasis and defense and protect tissue integrity. These coinhibitory signals limit the strength and duration of immune responses, thereby curbing immune-mediated tissue damage, regulating resolution of inflammation, and maintaining tolerance to prevent autoimmunity. Tumors and microbes that cause chronic infections can exploit these coinhibitory pathways to establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment, hindering their eradication. Advances in understanding T cell coinhibitory pathways have stimulated a new era of immunotherapy with effective drugs to treat cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases, and transplant rejection. In this review we discuss the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the coinhibitory functions of pathways in the B7-CD28 family, the diverse functional consequences of these inhibitory signals on immune responses, and the overlapping and unique functions of these key immunoregulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Schildberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah R Klein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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17
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Dai Z, Feng C, Zhang W, Liu J, Cao X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Wang M, Liu X, Dai Z. Lack of association between cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 gene polymorphisms and lymphoid malignancy risk: evidence from a meta-analysis. Ann Hematol 2016; 95:1685-94. [PMID: 27498821 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-016-2753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility to lymphoid malignancies. However, results from the published single studies are inconsistent. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was conducted to get a more accurate estimation of the relationship between CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms and the lymphoid malignancy risk. We identified nine independent studies accounting for 3090 subjects up to January 30, 2016. Summary odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate the risk of lymphoid malignancies. Overall, no significant association was found between +49A/G (rs231775), -318C/T (rs5742909), and +6230A/G (rs3087243) CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms and lymphoid malignancies. Furthermore, ethnicity (Asian and Caucasian) and histopathology subgroup analyses (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) also failed to detect an association between the studied polymorphisms and lymphoid malignancy risk. Our study shows that common CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms may not contribute to lymphoid malignancy susceptibility based on the current evidence.
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18
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Kaartinen T, Harjunpää H, Partanen J, Tiittanen M. In vitro Treg expansion favors the full-length splicing isoform of CTLA4. Immunotherapy 2016; 8:541-53. [PMID: 27140408 DOI: 10.2217/imt.16.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We compared fresh and in vitro expanded human Tregs for their CTLA4 splicing isoform expression. METHODS The CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low/-)phenotype was used for sorting Tregs and mRNA levels were measured with relative qRT-PCR. RESULTS In fresh Tregs the level of soluble CTLA4 (sCTLA4) was half of that of full-length CTLA4, whereas in expanded cells sCTLA4 level was tenfold lower. The most striking change took place early on: sCTLA4 expression decreased significantly when cells were simply kept in culture. CONCLUSION In the in vitro expanded Tregs, the splicing of CTLA4 is affected. Our findings can be significant for clinical cell manufacturing. First, even minimal processing of cells may impact the functional molecules. Second, Treg expansion yields more potent CTLA4 receptor bearing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kaartinen
- Research & Development, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310 Helsinki, Finland.,Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Harjunpää
- Research & Development, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Partanen
- Research & Development, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Tiittanen
- Research & Development, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, 00310 Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Leon Rodriguez DA, Serrano Lopera A, Cordero-Coma M, Márquez A, Fonollosa A, Ruiz-Arruza I, Callejas JL, García Serrano JL, Díaz Valle D, Pato E, Cañal J, del Rio MJ, Capella MJ, Blanco A, Olea JL, Cordero Y, Martín-Villa JM, Gorroño-Echebarría MB, Molins B, Adán A, Martin J. Study of association of CTLA4 gene variants to non-anterior uveitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 86:373-6. [PMID: 26373706 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the possible genetic association of functional CTLA4 polymorphisms with susceptibility to non-anterior uveitis. Four hundred and seventeen patients with endogenous non-anterior uveitis and 1517 healthy controls of Spanish Caucasian origin were genotyped for the CTLA4 polymorphisms rs733618, rs5742909 and rs231775, using predesigned TaqMan(©) allele discrimination assays. PLINK software was used for the statistical analyses. No significant associations between the CTLA4 polymorphisms and susceptibility to global non-anterior uveitis were found. It was also the case when the potential association of these genetic variants with the anatomical localization of the disease, such as intermediate, posterior or panuveitis, was assessed. Our results do not support a relevant role of these CTLA4 polymorphisms in the non-anterior uveitis genetic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Leon Rodriguez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, P.T.S, Granada, Spain
| | - A Serrano Lopera
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, P.T.S, Granada, Spain
| | - M Cordero-Coma
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital de León, IBIOMED, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - A Márquez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, P.T.S, Granada, Spain.,Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - A Fonollosa
- Ophthalmology Department, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - I Ruiz-Arruza
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Internal Medicine Department, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - J L Callejas
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | | | - D Díaz Valle
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Pato
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Cañal
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - M J del Rio
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain
| | - M J Capella
- Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Blanco
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J L Olea
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Y Cordero
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - J M Martín-Villa
- Immunology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M B Gorroño-Echebarría
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - B Molins
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Adán
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Martin
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, P.T.S, Granada, Spain
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20
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Almasi S, Aliparasti MR, Aliasgarzadeh A, Abd-nikfarjam B, Hyöty H, Knip M, Feizi H, Sioofy-khojine A, Rahnama B. Investigation of CTLA-4-318C/T gene polymorphism in cases with type 1 diabetes of Azerbaijan, Northwest Iran. Immunol Lett 2015; 166:134-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Chen X, Hu Z, Li W, Wu P, Liu M, Bao L, Wu M, Fang S, Xiong W, Chen M, Wu G. Synergistic combined effect between CD40-1C>T and CTLA-4+6230G>A polymorphisms in Graves' disease. Gene 2015; 567:154-8. [PMID: 25936345 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether a genetic combined effect exists between CD40-1C>T and CTLA-4+6230G>A (CT60) polymorphisms and whether the combined effect renders susceptibility to Graves' disease (GD). We recruited 260 patients with GD and 248 healthy controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-high resolution melting. Genetic polymorphisms related to GD were identified, levels of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAb) were measured, and genetic interactions were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Significant difference in allele and genotype frequency of CD40-1C>T polymorphism was observed between the patients and control subjects (P<0.001, 0.002 respectively). As for CTLA-4+6230G>A polymorphism, significant difference was observed only in allele frequencies between the patient and control groups (P=0.014). Moreover, a significant combined effect was presented in CD40-1C>T and CTLA-4+6230G>A polymorphism (P=0.020), and all, but one, combination CC-genotype of CD40-1C>T and GG-genotype of CTLA-4+6230G>A polymorphism has 54% lower risk of GD development than subjects with the CC and GG genotypes (OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.25-0.84). In newly onset GD group, neither single SNP (CD40-1C>T or CTLA-4+6230G>A polymorphism) nor their combined effect was showed a significant association with TRAb concentration (all P>0.05). Our findings suggest a possible additive combined effect between CD40-1C>T and CTLA4+6230G>A polymorphisms in the development of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zhuoqing Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Liwen Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Meifen Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Shuo Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Manyang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Ge Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
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22
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Yu H, Yang J, Jiao S, Li Y, Zhang W, Wang J. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 expression in human breast cancer: implications for prognosis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:853-60. [PMID: 25893809 PMCID: PMC4481300 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To examine the relationship between cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) expression and breast cancer prognosis, CTLA-4 expression was immunohistochemically detected in paraffin-embedded specimens of primary tumors from 130 patients with breast cancer who had a mean follow-up period of 112 months. CTLA-4 expressed in cytoplasm of breast cancer cells and in cytoplasm and cell membranes of interstitial lymphocytes. Univariate analysis (log-rank) associated higher density of interstitial CTLA-4(+) lymphocytes with longer DFS and OS, but higher tumor CTLA-4 expression with shorter OS. After controlling for age, clinical stage, Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grade, tumor thrombus, ER, PR, HER2 and Ki-67, multivariate analysis (Cox) showed that density of interstitial CTLA-4(+) lymphocytes independently predicted longer DFS (HR 0.315, P = 0.002) and OS (HR 0.313, P = 0.005), whereas tumor CTLA-4 expression independently predicted shorter DFS (HR 2.176, P = 0.029) and OS (HR 2.820, P = 0.007), i.e., patients with high CTLA-4(+) lymphocyte density and CTLA-4(low) tumor cells had the best prognoses. These results indicated that CTLA-4 expression in lymphocytes was associated with better prognosis, but that in tumor cells was associated with worse prognosis. Patients' CTLA-4 profiles might thus be used to predict the benefits and toxicity of CTLA-4 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
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23
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Esposito L, Hunter KMD, Clark J, Rainbow DB, Stevens H, Denesha J, Duley S, Dawson S, Coleman G, Nutland S, Bell GL, Moran C, Pekalski M, Todd JA, Wicker LS. Investigation of soluble and transmembrane CTLA-4 isoforms in serum and microvesicles. J Immunol 2014; 193:889-900. [PMID: 24928993 PMCID: PMC4082723 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the CTLA-4 gene is absolutely required for immune homeostasis, but aspects of its molecular nature remain undefined. In particular, the characterization of the soluble CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) protein isoform generated by an alternatively spliced mRNA of CTLA4 lacking transmembrane-encoding exon 3 has been hindered by the difficulty in distinguishing it from the transmembrane isoform of CTLA-4, Tm-CTLA-4. In the current study, sCTLA-4 has been analyzed using novel mAbs and polyclonal Abs specific for its unique C-terminal amino acid sequence. We demonstrate that the sCTLA-4 protein is secreted at low levels following the activation of primary human CD4+ T cells and is increased only rarely in the serum of autoimmune patients. Unexpectedly, during our studies aimed to define the kinetics of sCTLA-4 produced by activated human CD4+ T cells, we discovered that Tm-CTLA-4 is associated with microvesicles produced by the activated cells. The functional roles of sCTLA-4 and microvesicle-associated Tm-CTLA-4 warrant further investigation, especially as they relate to the multiple mechanisms of action described for the more commonly studied cell-associated Tm-CTLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Esposito
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kara M D Hunter
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jan Clark
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Daniel B Rainbow
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Helen Stevens
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jennifer Denesha
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Simon Duley
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sarah Dawson
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Gillian Coleman
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sarah Nutland
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Gwynneth L Bell
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Carla Moran
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Marcin Pekalski
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - John A Todd
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Linda S Wicker
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; and
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