Association of osteopontin polymorphisms with nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk

Decoding SPP1 regulation: Genetic and nongenetic insights into its role in disease progression

Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), also known as osteopontin, is a multifunctional glycoprotein that plays a critical role in various physiological processes, including cell adhesion, chemotaxis, immune regulation, and tissue remodeling. Originally identified as a key component of the bone matrix, SPP1 is now recognized for its broad involvement in numerous tissues and significant impact on both normal physiology and disease progression. Dysregulation of SPP1 has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of several diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune disorders, and chronic inflammatory conditions. The expression of SPP1 is tightly regulated by genetic and nongenetic mechanisms. Genetic alterations, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions and deletions, and structural variations within the SPP1 gene, have been associated with increased susceptibility to various diseases, influencing disease severity and outcomes. Additionally, nongenetic regulations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and long noncoding RNAs, play crucial roles in modulating SPP1 expression in response to environmental and cellular signals. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic and nongenetic regulatory mechanisms governing SPP1 and examines their implications in disease pathogenesis. By integrating recent findings, this review highlights the complex interplay between genetic predispositions and nongenetic regulations in determining SPP1 activity and offers new insights into its role as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. Understanding these regulatory pathways is essential for the development of targeted interventions for diseases in which SPP1 plays a pivotal role.

Common Variants in Osteopontin and CD44 Genes as Predictors of Treatment Outcome in Radiotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Osteopontin (OPN)-CD44 signaling plays an important role in promoting tumor progression and metastasis. In cancer, OPN and CD44 overexpression is a marker of aggressive disease and poor prognosis, and correlates with therapy resistance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the OPN and CD44 genes with clinical outcomes in 307 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The potential impact of the variants on plasma OPN levels was also investigated. Multivariate analysis showed that OPN rs11730582 CC carriers had a significantly increased risk of death (p = 0.029), while the CD44 rs187116 A allele correlated with a reduced risk of locoregional recurrence (p = 0.016) in the curative treatment subset. The rs11730582/rs187116 combination was associated with an elevated risk of metastasis in these patients (p = 0.016). Furthermore, the OPN rs1126772 G variant alone (p = 0.018) and in combination with rs11730582 CC (p = 7 × 10-5) was associated with poor overall survival (OS) in the squamous cell carcinoma subgroup. The rs11730582 CC, rs187116 GG, and rs1126772 G, as well as their respective combinations, were independent risk factors for unfavorable treatment outcomes. The impact of rs11730582-rs1126772 haplotypes on OS was also observed. These data suggest that OPN and CD44 germline variants may predict treatment effects in NSCLC.

Genetic Modifiers of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in Chinese Patients

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal, X-linked recessive muscle disorder characterized by heterogeneous progression and severity. We aimed to study the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SPP1 and LTBP4 on DMD progression in Chinese patients.

Methods: We genotyped LTBP4 haplotypes and the SPP1 promoter SNPs rs28357094, rs11730582, and rs17524488 in 326 patients registered in the neuromuscular database of The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to estimate and compare median age at loss of ambulation, while Cox proportional hazard regression models were used as to analyze the effects of glucocorticoids treatments, DMD genotype, and SPP1/LTBP4 SNPs on loss of ambulation.

Results: The CC/CT genotype at rs11730582 was associated with a 1.33-year delay in ambulation loss (p = 0.006), with hazard ratio 0.63 (p = 0.008), in patients with truncated DMD genotype and undergoing steroid treatment. On the other hand, rs17524488 in SPP1 and the IAAM/IAAM haplotype in LTBP4 were not associated with time to ambulation loss.

Conclusions:SPP1 rs11730582 is a genetic modifier of the long-term effects of steroid treatment in Chinese DMD patients. Thus, any future clinical study in DMD should adjust for glucocorticoids use, DMD genotype, and SPP1 polymorphisms.

Osteopontin at the Crossroads of Inflammation and Tumor Progression

Complex interactions between tumor and host cells regulate systemic tumor dissemination, a process that begins early at the primary tumor site and goes on until tumor cells detach themselves from the tumor mass and start migrating into the blood or lymphatic vessels. Metastatic cells colonize the target organs and are capable of surviving and growing at distant sites. In this context, osteopontin (OPN) appears to be a key determinant of the crosstalk between cancer cells and the host microenvironment, which in turn modulates immune evasion. OPN is overexpressed in several human carcinomas and has been implicated in inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis. Thus, it represents one of the most attracting targets for cancer therapy. Within the tumor mass, OPN is secreted in various forms either by the tumor itself or by stroma cells, and it can exert either pro- or antitumorigenic effects according to the cell type and tumor microenvironment. Thus, targeting OPN for therapeutic purposes needs to take into account the heterogeneous functions of the multiple OPN forms with regard to cancer formation and progression. In this review, we will describe the role of systemic, tumor-derived, and stroma-derived OPN, highlighting its pivotal role at the crossroads of inflammation and tumor progression.

The Role of Osteopontin and Its Gene on Glucocorticoid Response in Myasthenia Gravis

Biomarkers that assess treatment response for patients with the autoimmune disorder, myasthenia gravis (MG), have not been evaluated to a significant extent. We hypothesized the pro-inflammatory cytokine, osteopontin (OPN), may be associated with variability of response to glucocorticoids (GCs) in patients with MG. A cohort of 250 MG patients treated with standardized protocol of GCs was recruited, and plasma OPN and polymorphisms of its gene, secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), were evaluated. Mean OPN levels were higher in patients compared to healthy controls. Carriers of rs11728697*T allele (allele definition: one of two or more alternative forms of a gene) were more frequent in the poorly GC responsive group compared to the GC responsive group indicating an association of rs11728697*T allele with GC non-responsiveness. One risk haplotype (AGTACT) was identified associated with GC non-responsiveness compared with GC responsive MG group. Genetic variations of SPP1 were found associated with the response to GC among MG patients.

Multiple functional SNPs in differentially expressed genes modify risk and survival of non-small cell lung cancer in Chinese female non-smokers

DNA genotype can affect gene expression, and gene expression can influence the onset and progression of diseases. Here we conducted a comprehensive study, we integrated analysis of gene expression profile and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray data in order to scan out the critical genetic changes that participate in the onset and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Gene expression profile datasets were downloaded from the GEO database. Firstly, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NSCLC samples and adjacent normal samples were identified. Next, by STRING database, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. At the same time, hub genes in PPI network were identified. Then, some functional SNPs in hub genes that may affect gene expression have been annotated. Finally, we carried a study to explore the relationship between functional SNPs and NSCLC risk and overall survival in Chinese female non-smokers. A total of 488 DEGs were identified in our study. There are 29 proteins with a higher degree of connectivity in the PPI network, including FOS, IL6 and MMP9. By using database annotation, we got 8 candidate functional SNPs that may affect the expression level of hub proteins. In the case-control study, we found that rs4754-T allele, rs959173-C allele and rs2239144-G allele were the protective allele of NSCLC risk. In dominant model, rs4754-CT+TT genotype were associated with a shorter survival time. In general, our study provides a novel research direction in the field of multi-omic data integration, and helps us find some critical genetic changes in disease.

Osteopontin splice variants and polymorphisms in cancer progression and prognosis

Osteopontin (OPN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is overexpressed in various cancers and promotes oncogenic features including cell proliferation, survival, migration, and angiogenesis, among others. OPN can participate in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment, affecting both cancer and neighboring cells. Here, we review the roles of OPN splice variants (a, b, c) in cancer development, progression, and prognosis, and also discuss the identities of isoforms 4 and 5. We also discussed how single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the OPN gene are an additional factor influencing the level of OPN in individuals, modulating the risks of cancer development and outcome.

Association of OPN rs11730582 polymorphism with cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Purpose

Several molecular epidemiological studies have investigated the association between OPN rs11730582 C>T polymorphism and cancer risk, but the results are inconsistent. Hence, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association of this polymorphism with cancer risk.

Materials and methods

The related articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the strength of the associations. A random-effects model or fixed-effects model was employed depending on the heterogeneity.

Results

A total of ten case-control studies involving 2,749 cancer cases and 3,398 controls were included in the meta-analysis. In overall analysis, OPN rs11730582 C.T polymorphism was not associated with cancer risk. In a stratified analysis by cancer type, no significant association was found between OPN rs11730582 C>T polymorphism and the risk of glioma, gastric cancer, and other cancers.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis suggests that OPN rs11730582 C.T polymorphism is not associated with cancer susceptibility.

OPN gene polymorphisms, rs17524488 GG/G, rs11730582 T/C, and rs9138 C/A, and cancer risk in a Chinese population

Previous studies have investigated the association between osteopontin (OPN) gene polymorphisms, rs17524488 (-156 GG/G), rs11730582 (-443 T/C), and rs9138 (C/A) and cancer risk in the Chinese population. However, the results are controversial and indefinite. We therefore carried out a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of these associations. The PubMed database was systematically searched to identify potentially eligible reports. Crude odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the strength of associations between 3 OPN gene polymorphisms and cancer risk in a Chinese population. A total of 10 articles involving 2,391 cases and 3,007 controls were evaluated. The pooled OR indicated that OPN rs17524488 (-156 GG/G) polymorphism was significantly associated with cancer risk in Chinese population. In a stratified analysis by source of control, significant associations were also observed among rs17524488 (-156 GG/G) and rs11730582 (-443 T/C) polymorphisms and cancer. In addition, a stronger association was observed between rs9138 (C/A) polymorphism and cancer risk. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that OPN rs17524488 (-156 GG/G), rs11730582 (-443 T/C), and rs9138 (C/A) polymorphisms may be associated with cancer susceptibility in the Chinese population. Nevertheless, further investigation on a larger population covering different ethnicities are warranted.