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Li H, Wang L, Wang M, Liu L. First case of brain metastasis of foamy intraductal carcinoma from the prostate: A case report. Asian J Surg 2024:S1015-9584(24)00955-2. [PMID: 38763824 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linjuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Longteng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Wu S, Wang Y, Hong G, Luo Y, Lin Z, Shen R, Zeng H, Xu A, Wu P, Xiao M, Li X, Rao P, Yang Q, Feng Z, He Q, Jiang F, Xie Y, Liao C, Huang X, Chen R, Lin T. An artificial intelligence model for detecting pathological lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer using whole slide images: a retrospective, multicentre, diagnostic study. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 71:102580. [PMID: 38618206 PMCID: PMC11015342 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The pathological examination of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is crucial for treating prostate cancer (PCa). However, the limitations with naked-eye detection and pathologist workload contribute to a high missed-diagnosis rate for nodal micrometastasis. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based, time-efficient, and high-precision PCa LNM detector (ProCaLNMD) and evaluate its clinical application value. Methods In this multicentre, retrospective, diagnostic study, consecutive patients with PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection at five centres between Sep 2, 2013 and Apr 28, 2023 were included, and histopathological slides of resected lymph nodes were collected and digitised as whole-slide images for model development and validation. ProCaLNMD was trained at a dataset from a single centre (the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University [SYSMH]), and externally validated in the other four centres. A bladder cancer dataset from SYSMH was used to further validate ProCaLNMD, and an additional validation (human-AI comparison and collaboration study) containing consecutive patients with PCa from SYSMH was implemented to evaluate the application value of integrating ProCaLNMD into the clinical workflow. The primary endpoint was the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of ProCaLNMD. In addition, the performance measures for pathologists with ProCaLNMD assistance was also assessed. Findings In total, 8225 slides from 1297 patients with PCa were collected and digitised. Overall, 8158 slides (18,761 lymph nodes) from 1297 patients with PCa (median age 68 years [interquartile range 64-73]; 331 [26%] with LNM) were used to train and validate ProCaLNMD. The AUROC of ProCaLNMD ranged from 0.975 (95% confidence interval 0.953-0.998) to 0.992 (0.982-1.000) in the training and validation datasets, with sensitivities > 0.955 and specificities > 0.921. ProCaLNMD also demonstrated an AUROC of 0.979 in the cross-cancer dataset. ProCaLNMD use triggered true reclassification in 43 (4.3%) slides in which micrometastatic tumour regions were initially missed by pathologists, thereby correcting 28 (8.5%) missed-diagnosed cases of previous routine pathological reports. In the human-AI comparison and collaboration study, the sensitivity of ProCaLNMD (0.983 [0.908-1.000]) surpassed that of two junior pathologists (0.862 [0.746-0.939], P = 0.023; 0.879 [0.767-0.950], P = 0.041) by 10-12% and showed no difference to that of two senior pathologists (both 0.983 [0.908-1.000], both P > 0.99). Furthermore, ProCaLNMD significantly boosted the diagnostic sensitivity of two junior pathologists (both P = 0.041) to the level of senior pathologists (both P > 0.99), and substantially reduced the four pathologists' slide reviewing time (-31%, P < 0.0001; -34%, P < 0.0001; -29%, P < 0.0001; and -27%, P = 0.00031). Interpretation ProCaLNMD demonstrated high diagnostic capabilities for identifying LNM in prostate cancer, reducing the likelihood of missed diagnoses by pathologists and decreasing the slide reviewing time, highlighting its potential for clinical application. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, the National Key Research and Development Programme of China, the Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Urological Diseases, and the Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxu Wu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibin Hong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- CellsVision Medical Technology Services Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Runnan Shen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abai Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhao Xiao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Rao
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qishen Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyuan Feng
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quanhao He
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengxiao Liao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- CellsVision Medical Technology Services Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Chen
- CellsVision Medical Technology Services Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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Madakshira MG. Foamy gland variant of prostate adenocarcinoma. Med J Armed Forces India 2023; 79:241-243. [PMID: 36969122 PMCID: PMC10037064 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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4
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Zhang T, Feng WB, Yin SF, Ke CX. Foamy gland adenocarcinoma of the prostate: A case report. Asian J Surg 2022; 46:2027-2028. [PMID: 36411163 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Histological patterns, subtypes and aspects of prostate cancer: different aspects, different outcomes. Curr Opin Urol 2022; 32:643-648. [PMID: 36081403 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The most common prostatic cancers (PCa) are acinary adenocarcinomas. Histological subtypes have been variably defined. The purpose of this review is to discuss unusual histological patterns and subtypes of acinar adenocarcinoma, as well as other types of PCa and their prognostic and therapeutic relevance. RECENT FINDINGS The new term 'subtype' for morphologically defined tumor entities replaced the term 'variant' in the new 2022 classification of the WHO to allow for clear terminological distinction from genetic variants. The 2022 WHO classification mentions prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)-like carcinoma, signet-cell-like adenocarcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma and pleomorphic-giant-cell adenocarcinoma of the prostate as true subtypes of acinary PCa. Other forms of acinary PCa are termed unusual histological patterns and include atrophic, foamy-cell, microcystic, pseudohyperplastic and mucinous patterns. Nonacinar forms of prostate cancer include other glandular PCa, the ductal adenocarcinoma and the treatment-associated neuroendocrine carcinoma, and nonglandular PCa, the adenosquamous carcinoma, the squamous cell carcinoma and the adenoid cystic (basal cell) carcinoma of the prostate. SUMMARY True subtypes of acinary PCa and other forms of glandular and nonglandular PCa show relevant differences in prognosis and treatment approach compared with classic acinary PCa. The relevance of unusual histological patterns mainly lies in their deceptive benign appearance and the need for pathologists to know about these entities for accurate and timely diagnosis.
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Gun E, Ocal I. Cribriform glands are associated with worse outcome than other pattern 4 subtypes: A study of prognostic and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate adenocarcinoma with an emphasis on Grade Groups. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14722. [PMID: 34390077 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Although prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common cancer in men, survival is quite high and with the help of histopathological examination using the updated classification, patient management strategies are developing. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between the histopathological features and biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) using the new classification. METHODS A total of 285 prostate adenocarcinoma cases that underwent RP between January 2009 and December 2017 and followed up for at least 3 months were included in the study. The cases were re-evaluated according to WHO-ISUP 2016 classification and the findings were recorded. RESULTS The mean age was 63,4 years. Gleason scores of the cases were as follows: 3+3 144 cases (50.5%), 3+4 81 cases (28.4%), 4+3 28 cases (9.8%), 4+4 7 cases (2.5%) , 3+5 6 cases (2.1%), 5+3 2 cases (0.7%), 4+5 17 cases (6%). There were 198 (69,5%) pT2, 54 (18,9%) pT3a and 33 (11,6%) pT3b cases. The mean follow-up time was 44,1 months and BCR was detected in 97 cases (34%). The relationship between the Group Grades and BCR was statistically significant. BCR rate increased as the tumour volume and the percentage of pattern 4 increased (P < .001).There was a significant correlation between preoperative PSA value, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, surgical margin positivity, tumour volume, pattern 4 percentage, presence of cribriform glands and BCR and recurrence-free survival in both univariate and multivariate analysis and recurrence-free survival was also affected by these parameters. Among the morphological subtypes of Pattern 4, recurrence-free survival decreased as the incidence of cribriform glands increased (P < .001). CONCLUSION Histopathological evaluation is important in predicting BCR in prostate adenocarcinoma, the Group Grade system seems to be helpful in this regard. More studies are needed to prove the relatively worse prognostic effect of cribriform glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylul Gun
- Department of Pathology, Izmir Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Irfan Ocal
- Department of Pathology, Izmir Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Yang C, Humphrey PA. False-Negative Histopathologic Diagnosis of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019; 144:326-334. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0456-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context.—Histopathologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate is based on light-microscopic examination of hematoxylin-eosin–stained tissue sections. Multiple factors, including preanalytic and analytic elements, affect the ability of the pathologist to accurately diagnose prostatic adenocarcinoma. False-negative diagnosis, that is, failure to diagnose prostatic adenocarcinoma, may have serious clinical consequences. It is important to delineate and understand those factors that may affect and cause histopathologic false-negative diagnoses of prostatic adenocarcinoma.Objectives.—To review common factors involved in histopathologic underdiagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma, including the following: (1) tissue processing and sectioning artifacts, (2) minimal adenocarcinoma, (3) deceptively benign appearing variants of acinar adenocarcinoma, (4) single cell adenocarcinoma, and (5) treatment effects.Data Sources.—Data sources included published, peer-reviewed literature and personal experiences of the senior author.Conclusions.—Knowledge of the reasons for histopathologic false-negative diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate is an important component in the diagnostic assessment of prostate tissue sections. Diagnostic awareness of the histomorphologic presentations of small (minimal) adenocarcinoma; deceptively benign appearing variants including atrophic, foamy gland, microcystic, and pseudohyperplastic variants; single cell carcinoma; and treatment effects is critical for establishment of a definitive diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and the prevention of false-negative diagnoses of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- From the Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Peter A. Humphrey
- From the Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Pathological Assessment of Prostate Cancer. Urol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42603-7_71-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Pathological Assessment of Prostate Cancer. Urol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42623-5_71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Trpkov K. Benign mimics of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:S22-46. [PMID: 29297489 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Benign mimics present either as common challenges in daily routine practice or may cause diagnostic dilemmas because some are less commonly seen and one may be less familiar in recognizing them. There are a multitude of mimics of prostatic adenocarcinoma, which may represent normal gland structures, benign proliferations, atrophic lesions, hyperplastic or metaplastic changes, and inflammatory processes. Some of them are preferentially found in certain anatomic areas of the prostate, either confined to the prostate, or outside of the gland. Various benign mimics of prostatic carcinoma may be also evaluated based on their morphologic similarity to Gleason patterns 3-5 of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Most of the mimics are easily recognizable in larger specimens, such as TUR of the prostate or radical prostatectomy specimens, but they may pose diagnostic problems when the evaluation is done on limited tissue, such as needle-core biopsies or if prostate specimens are infrequently encountered in practice. Therefore, before signing out a report with a diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma, pathologists should carefully consider and rule out the various benign lesions that may mimic carcinoma. This is particularly relevant in the current prostate biopsy practice which relies on using extended biopsy core templates. The awareness and familiarity with the characteristic features of the mimics and judicial use of additional ancillary tests, including immunohistochemistry can prevent overdiagnosis and false-positive interpretation. This review provides a contemporary update on the broad spectrum of the benign prostatic lesions that can mimic prostate adenocarcinoma, outlines their key morphologic and immunohistochemical diagnostic features, and provides a diagnostic, pattern-based approach in establishing a correct diagnosis and distinguishing them reliably from prostatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiril Trpkov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Calgary Laboratory Services and University of Calgary, Rockyview General Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada
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11
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Variants of acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate mimicking benign conditions. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:S64-70. [PMID: 29297496 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Histological variants of acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate may be of significance due to difficulty in diagnosis or due to differences in prognosis compared to usual acinar adenocarcinoma. The 2016 World Health Organization classification of acinar adenocarcinoma includes four variants that are deceptively benign in histological appearance, such that a misdiagnosis of a benign condition may be made. These four variants are atrophic pattern adenocarcinoma, pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma, microcystic adenocarcinoma, and foamy gland adenocarcinoma. They differ from usual small acinar adenocarcinoma in architectural glandular structure and/or cytoplasmic and nuclear alterations. The variants are often admixed, in variable proportions, with usual small acinar adenocarcinoma that is often Gleason pattern 3 but may be high-grade pattern 4 in a minority of cases. Atrophic pattern adenocarcinoma can be identified in a sporadic setting or after radiation or hormonal therapy. This variant is characterized by cytoplasmic volume loss and can resemble benign glandular atrophy, an extremely common benign process in the prostate. The glands of pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma simulate usual epithelial hyperplasia, with gland complexity that is not typical of small acinar adenocarcinoma. These complex growth configurations include papillary infoldings, luminal undulations, and branching. Microcystic adenocarcinoma is characterized by cystic dilation of prostatic glands to a size that is much more commonly observed in cystic change in benign prostatic glands. Finally, the cells in foamy gland adenocarcinoma display cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear pyknosis, features that can found in benign glands and macrophages. Three of the four variants (atrophic, pseudohyperplastic, and microcystic) are assigned low-grade Gleason pattern 3. Of significance, foamy gland adenocarcinoma can be Gleason pattern 3 but can also be high-grade pattern 4 or 5. Diagnostic awareness of the existence of these deceptively benign-appearing variants of acinar adenocarcinoma is essential so that an accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer may be rendered.
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Montironi R, Gasparrini S, Cimadamore A, Mazzucchelli R, Massari F, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Briganti A, Scarpelli M. Morphologic Variants of Epithelial and Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Prostate. The Pathologist's Point of View. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eursup.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
This review focuses on histopathological aspects of carcinoma of the prostate. A tissue diagnosis of adenocarcinoma is often essential for establishing a diagnosis of prostate cancer, and the foundation for a tissue diagnosis is currently light microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue sections. Markers detected by immunohistochemistry on tissue sections can support a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma that is primary in the prostate gland or metastatic. Histological variants of carcinoma of the prostate are important for diagnostic recognition of cancer or as clinicopathologic entities that have prognostic and/or therapeutic significance. Histological grading of adenocarcinoma of the prostate, including use of the 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) modified Gleason grades and the new grade groups, is one of the most powerful prognostic indicators for clinically localized prostate cancer, and is one of the most critical factors in determination of management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Humphrey
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06437
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Abstract
Foamy gland (FG) change is a distinctive morphological alteration most widely recognised in adenocarcinomas of the prostate and pancreas, and characterised by cells showing prominent cytoplasmic microvacuolation often with deceptively bland nuclear appearances. To our knowledge, FG alteration has not been described in endocervical neoplasia. We report four patients with gastric-type endocervical neoplasms (3 invasive and 1 in situ) in which FG change was present in 30-80% of the tumour cells. The mean age was 56.5 years (range 45-66 years) and three patients, one of whom also had post-coital bleeding, had atypical glandular cells detected on cervical cytology. Three cases showed a pure gastric phenotype and benign gastric-type changes including pyloric metaplasia, tunnel clusters and/or lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia were also present. These cases were MUC6 positive and p16 negative on immunohistochemistry while HPV was not detected. One adenocarcinoma showed a mixed histological pattern including usual-type endocervical carcinoma and gastric-type adenocarcinoma: only the latter component expressed MUC6 and this case was p16 and HPV18 positive. This report expands the morphological spectrum exhibited by gastric-type endocervical lesions and the range of anatomical sites in which neoplasms with FG features may be encountered.
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Abstract
There are some current literatures describing the morphologic change of prostate carcinoma variants. Some subtypes do not respond to hormone deprivation therapy, for example adenosquamous and squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC), basaloid and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), small cell carcinoma (SmCC), sarcomatoid carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma; some are defined in special Gleason grade, some develop different prognosis. So, it is very important to identify these rare subtypes to avoid misdiagnosis. In this review, we aim to describe the typical clinicopathological features of the rare variants of prostate cancer, including prostate acinar adenocarcinoma morphologic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xi Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xi Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Arista-Nasr J, Barrañon-Martìnez I, Aguilar-Ayala E, Bornstein L, Trolle-Silva A, Aleman-Sanchez CN, Martinez-Benitez B. Pseudohyperplastic Adenocarcinoma With Foamy Changes in Needle Prostate Biopsy and Prostatectomy. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 24:477-82. [PMID: 27020374 DOI: 10.1177/1066896916640360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma (PHA) with foamy changes is composed of neoplastic glands that show a cytoarchitectural combination of both neoplasms. However, none of the previously reported cases have shown typical areas of foamy or PHA. We report on the clinicopathological characteristics of 5 cases consisting predominantly of pseudohyperplastic and foamy adenocarcinomas. In several histological fields, this neoplasm mimicked hyperplastic nodules or prostatic adenosis because they showed the nodular pattern of the PHA and the inconspicuous cytological atypia of foamy gland carcinoma. Four cases had a Gleason score of 6. In the prostatectomies, the neoplasm was limited to the prostatic gland. The evolution has been favorable in all patients after 3 years of follow-up, on average. The cases reported herein demonstrate that PHA and foamy adenocarcinoma may be associated and occasionally show overlapping histological criteria. The PHA with foamy changes must be distinguished from conventional foamy adenocarcinoma and PHA because it can closely resemble hyperplastic glands mainly in needle prostatic biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Arista-Nasr
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición S Z, Mexico D.F
| | | | - Elizmara Aguilar-Ayala
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición S Z, Mexico D.F
| | - Leticia Bornstein
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición S Z, Mexico D.F
| | - Alicia Trolle-Silva
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición S Z, Mexico D.F
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Adeniran AJ, Humphrey PA. Morphologic Updates in Prostate Pathology. Surg Pathol Clin 2015; 8:539-60. [PMID: 26612214 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the past several years, modifications have been made to the original Gleason system with resultant therapeutic and prognostic implications. Several morphologic variants of prostatic adenocarcinoma have also been described. Prostate pathology has also evolved over the years with the discovery and utility of new immunohistochemical stains. The topics discussed in this update include the Gleason grading system, prognostic grade grouping, variants of prostatic adenocarcinoma, and the application of immunohistochemistry to prostate pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebowale J Adeniran
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, LH 108, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Peter A Humphrey
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, LH 108, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Hou H, Zhao L, Chen W, Li J, Zuo Q, Zhang G, Zhang X, Li X. Expression and significance of cortactin and HDAC6 in human prostatic foamy gland carcinoma. Int J Exp Pathol 2015; 96:248-54. [PMID: 26112958 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortactin, the cytoplasmic substrate of HDAC6, is known to play an actin cytoskeletal regulatory role which is implicated in the motility of cancer cells, and thus in cancer progression. Its activity is found to be regulated by HDAC6. However, the significance of cortactin and HDAC6 remains unclear in uncommon histologic variant human prostatic foamy gland carcinoma (PfCa). In this study, we aimed to identify the expression and potential role of cortactin and HDAC6 in PfCa. Therefore, 16 PfCa specimens containing 48 foci with distinctive lesions were collected to identify the status of cortactin and HDAC6 by immunohistochemistry. Their correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic values were further analysed. The effect of cortactin and HDAC6 on prostate cancer cell migration and invasion was then evaluated in IA8 cells. The results showed that expression of cortactin and HDAC6 was significantly higher in PfCa foci, compared to that of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) foci and benign foci (P < 0.05). Cortactin and HDAC6 were associated with poor prognosis of patients with PfCa (P < 0.05). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed HDAC6 level was a significant prognostic factor for survival of patients with PfCa (β = 1.200, Wald value = 7.282, P = 0.007, 95% CI = 1.389-7.941, P < 0.01, β > 0). Both knocking down cortactin and inhibition of HDAC6 activity with tubacin reduced in vitro migration and invasion ability of IA8 cells substantially. Furthermore, HDAC6 has prognostic value for patients with PfCa. Dysregulation of cortactin and HDAC6 is implicated in the invasiveness and migration of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilian Hou
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Le Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Guanjun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
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Koca SB, Yıldız P, Behzatoğlu K. Foamy gland carcinoma in core needle biopsies of the prostate: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 56 cases. Ann Diagn Pathol 2014; 18:271-4. [PMID: 25116437 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Foamy gland carcinoma is a subtype of acinar adenocarcinoma characterized by foamy appearance, large cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli and infiltrative pattern. In this study, we investigated the histological features and the incidence of foamy gland carcinoma. We compared foamy gland carcinoma with acinar adenocarcinoma according to age, prostate-specific antigen value, Gleason score, peripheral nerve invasion and accompanying high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Besides, we investigated the diagnostic value of immunohistochemical markers in foamy gland carcinoma. A total of 863 TRUS-guided prostate needle core biopsies performed at our hospital pathology clinic between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2011, were examined, 251 of these were diagnosed acinar type adenocarcinoma. Conventional acinar type adenocarcinoma was present in 195 (78%) cases, and foamy gland carcinoma, in 56 cases (22%). We found that 11 (19%) of the 56 foamy gland carcinoma cases were pure and 45 (81%) cases were mixed with conventional acinar type adenocarcinoma. Single-core localization was present in 7 of 14 pure foamy gland carcinomas, and the number of cases with a Gleason score of 7 and above was 21 (37%). No statistically significant difference was found between foamy gland carcinoma and conventional acinar type adenocarcinoma in terms of age, Gleason score, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and prostate-specific antigen values. Peripheral nerve invasion was found to be statistically significantly more common in foamy gland carcinoma compared to acinar type adenocarcinoma (P<.05). The staining percentage of immunohistochemical markers in foamy gland carcinoma was 90.1% for p63, 90.6% for 34Beta12 and 90.6% for AMACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Baykal Koca
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Pelin Yıldız
- Department of Pathology, Bezmialem University, Medical Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Kemal Behzatoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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